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INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe (NKS) ISIXHOSA ULWIMI LOKUQALA INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola OLONGEZELELWEYO IsiGaba esiPhezulu iBanga 7-9    
INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA YEBANGA 7 - 9 ISIXHOSA ULWIMI LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO CAPS
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 DISCLAIMER In view of the stringent time requirements encountered by the Department of Basic Education to effect the necessary editorial changes and layout to the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements and the supplementary policy documents, possible errors may occur in the said documents placed on the official departmental websites. There may also be vernacular inconsistencies in the language documents at Home-, First and Second Additional Language levels which have been translated in the various African Languages. Please note that the content of the documents translated and versioned in the African Languages are correct as they are based on the English generic language documents at all three language levels to be implemented in all four school phases. If any editorial, layout or vernacular inconsistencies are detected, the user is kindly requested to bring this to the attention of the Department of Basic Education. E-mail: CAPSlangcomments@dbe. gov. za or fax (012) 328 9828 Department of Basic Education 222 Struben Street Private Bag X895 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +27 12 357 3000 Fax: +27 12 323 0601 120 Plein Street Private Bag X9023 Cape Town 8000 South Africa Tel: +27 21 465 1701 Fax: +27 21 461 8110 Website: http://www. education. gov. za © 2011 Department of Basic Education Isbn: 978-1-4315-0510-4 Design and Layout by: Ndabase Printing Solution Printed by: Government Printing Works 2 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 FOREWORD by the minister Our national curriculum is the culmination of our efforts over a period of seventeen years to transform the curriculum bequeathed to us by apartheid. From the start of democracy we have built our curriculum on the values that inspired our Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). The Preamble to the Constitution states that the aims of the Constitution are to: • heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights; • improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; • lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which government is based on the will of the people and every citizen is equally protected by law; and • build a united and democratic South Africa able to take its rightful place as a sovereign state in the family of nations. Education and the curriculum have an important role to play in realising these aims. In 1997 we introduced outcomes-based education to overcome the curricular divisions of the past, but the experience of implementation prompted a review in 2000. This led to the first curriculum revision: the Revised National Curriculum Statement Grades R-9 and the National Curriculum Statement Grades 10-12 (2002). Ongoing implementation challenges resulted in another review in 2009 and we revised the Revised National Curriculum Statement (2002) and the National Curriculum Statement Grades 10-12 to produce this document. From 2012 the two National Curriculum Statements, for Grades R-9 and Grades 10-12 respectively, are combined in a single document and will simply be known as the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12. The National Curriculum Statement for Grades R-12 builds on the previous curriculum but also updates it and aims to provide clearer specification of what is to be taught and learnt on a term-by-term basis. The National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12 represents a policy statement for learning and teaching in South African schools and comprises of the following: (a) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) for all approved subjects listed in this document; (b) National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12; and (c) National Protocol for Assessment Grades R-12. MRS ANGIE MOTSHEKGA, MP MINISTER OF BASIC EDUCATION CAPS
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ISIQULATHO Icandelo loku-1: intshayelelo yenkcazelo yepolisi yekharityhulam nokuhlola. ............................................................................................................................................ 3 1. 1 Imvelaphi. ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. 2 Amagqabantshintshi. ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1. 3 Iinjongo eziphangaleleyo zekharityhulam yoMzantsi Afrika. ...................................................................... 4 1. 4 Ukwabiwa kwexesha........................................................................................................................................ 6 1. 4. 1 IsiGaba esisisiSeko................................................................................................................................. 6 1. 4. 2 IsiGaba esiPhakathi................................................................................................................................ 6 1. 4. 3 IsiGaba esiPhezulu................................................................................................................................. 7 1. 4. 4 IBanga 10-12 . ........................................................................................................................................ 7 ICANDELO LESI-2: UKWAZISA IILWIMI KWISIGABA ESIPHEZULU..................................................... 8 2. 1 Iilwimi ngokweNkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola..................................................................... 8 2. 1. 1 Imigangatho yolwimi................................................................................................................................ 8 2. 1. 2 Izakhono zolwimi. .................................................................................................................................... 9 2. 1. 3 Iindlela zokufundiswa kolwimi.................................................................................................................. 9 2. 2 Ukwabiwa kwexesha kuLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo kwikharityhulam........................................... 12 2. 3 Izixhobo ezixhasa ukufunda nokufundisa................................................................................................... 13 icandelo lesi-3 umxholo nezicwangciso zokufundosa izakhono zolwimi............... 14 3. 1 Amagqabantshintshi ngezakhono zolwimi. ................................................................................................ 14 3. 1. 1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha.................................................................................................................... 14 3. 1. 2 Ukufunda nokubukela............................................................................................................................ 24 3. 1. 3 Ukubhala nokunikezela.......................................................................................................................... 38 3. 1. 4 Izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi............................................................................................ 51 3. 2 Itheyibhile yokunatyiswa kweetekisi............................................................................................................ 55 3. 3 Izicwangciso zokufundisa............................................................................................................................. 57 3. 4 Itheyibhile yesicwangciso sokufundisa....................................................................................................... 59 CAPS 1
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ICANDELO LESI-4: UKUHLOLA KULWIMI lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo. ............................. 136 4. 1 Intshayelelo.................................................................................................................................................. 136 4. 2 Ukuhlola okungekho sesikweni okanye kwemihla ngemihla.................................................................. 137 4. 3 Ukuhlola okusesikweni. .............................................................................................................................. 138 4.3.1 Iimfuno zokuhlola okusesikweni kuLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo................................................. 138 4.3.2 Iintlobo zemisebenzi yekota................................................................................................................. 139 4. 4 Inkqubo yokuhlola okusesikweni............................................................................................................... 141 4. 5 Ukurekhoda nokunika ingxelo ngomsebenzi............................................................................................ 146 4. 6 Uphononongo lokuhlola.............................................................................................................................. 146 4. 7 Ulwazi gabalala. ........................................................................................................................................... 147 Uluhlu lwamagama........................................................................................................................ 148 2 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ICANDELO LOKU-1: INTSHAYELELO YENKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA 1.1 IMvelaphi INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 icacisa ipolisi yekharityhulam nokuhlola ezikolweni. Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo, INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe ihlaziyiwe, yaye olu hlaziyo luya kuqala ukusebenza ngeyoMqungu/ngoJanyuwari 2012. Isifundo ngasinye senzelwe uxwebhu olunye lwePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola endaweni yala maxwebhu madala angala: INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe, isiKhokelo seNkqubo yokuFunda kunye nesiKhokelo sokuHlola sesiFundo kwiBanga R-12. 1.2 AmaGqabantshintshi (a) INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 (eyoMqungu/Janyuwari 2012) imele inkcazelo yepolisi yokufunda nokufundisa kwizikolo zoMzantsi Afrika yaye iquka oku kulandelayo: (i) INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yesifundo ngasinye kwezo zifundo zivunyiweyo zesikolo; (ii) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12.; kunye (iii) Noxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National Protocol for Assessment Grades R-12 (eyoMqungu/Janyuwari 2012). (b) Uxwebhu oluthi, INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 (eyoMqungu/Janyuwari 2012) lungena endaweni yala maxwebhu eNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe mabini alandelayo: (i) iRevised National Curriculum Statement Grades R-9, Government Gazette No. 23406 of 31 May 2002, kunye (ii) neNational Curriculum Statement Grade 10-12 Government Gazettes, No 25545 of 6 October 2003 and No. 27594 of 17 May 2005. (c) Amaxwebhu eNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe ekuthethwe ngawo kumhlathi b (i) no (ii), aquka la maxwebhu epolisi alandelayo, aza kuthi aye eyekiswa ngokuyekiswa, kuze endaweni yawo kungene iNkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 (eyoMqungu/Janyuwari 2012) ngo2012 - 2014: (i) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yezifundo ngezifundo, isiKhokelo seNkqubo yokuFundisa kunye nesiKhokelo sokuHlola sesiFundo seBanga R-9 neseBanga 10-12; (ii) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National Policy on assessment and qualifications for schools in the General Education and Training Band, olubhengezwe kwiGovernment Notice No. 124 ekwiGovernment Gazette No. 29626 of 12 February 2007; (iii) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), olubhengezwe kwiGovernment Gazette No. 27819 of 20 July 2005; CAPS 3
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 (iv) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding learners with special needs, olupapashwe kwiGovernment Gazette, No. 29466 of 11 December 2006, lufakwe kuxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12; kunye (v) Noxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding the National Protocol for Assessment (Grades R-12), olubhengezwe kwiGovernment Notice No. 1267 kwiGovernment Gazette No. 29467 of 11 December 2006. (d) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12; kunye namacandelo akwiPolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola njengoko ebonisiwe kwisahluko sesi-2, 3 nesesi-4 solu xwebhu aqulethe izithethe nemigangatho yeNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yeBanga R-12. Ngoko ke, olu xwebhu luya kuthi, ngokwecandelo 6A leSouth African Schools Act (uMthetho oLawula iZikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika), ka1996 (uMthetho wama-84 ka1996,) lwenze isiseko sokuxhobisa umPhathiswa wezeMfundo esisisiSeko ukuba akwazi ukubeka awona manqanaba aphantsi eziphumo nemigangatho, ngokunjalo neenkqubo nemigaqo yokuhlola impumelelo yabafundi, manqanaba lawo aza kusebenza kwizikolo zikarhulumente nezabucala. 1.3 IiNjongo eziPhangaleleyo zeKharityhulam yoMzantsi Afrika (a) INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 inika isikhokelo kulwazi, IIVEKI nezithethe (izinto ezixabisekileyo) ezinokufundwa ezikolweni zaseMzantsi Afrika. Le kharityhulam ijonge ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bafumana ulwazi bekwasebenzisa nezakhono ngeendlela ezihambelana nobomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Kungoko ke le kharityhulam ikhuthaza uluvo lokusebenzisa kakhulu iimeko zalapha, kodwa ibe ikwayise iso nemiba ebalulekileyo yehlabathi jikelele. (b) INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 yenza oku kulandelayo: • Ixhobisa abafundi ngolwazi, IIVEKI nezithethe eziya kubanceda ukuba bakwazi ukuzimela nokuthabatha inxaxheba ekuhlaleni njengabemi belizwe elikhululekileyo; nokuba bavela kweyiphi imo yezentlalo, uhlanga, isini, bekhangeleka njani ngokomzimba okanye bekuliphi inqanaba lengqiqo; • Ivulela abafundi amathuba okuya kwimfundo ephakamileyo; • Incedisa abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukuphuma kumaziko emfundo baye kumaziko omsebenzi; yaye • Inika abaqeshi umfanekiso ocacileyo ngobuchule nolwazi abanalo abafundi. (c) INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko ilandelayo: • Ukuphuculwa kwezentlalo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuyalungiswa ukungalingani kwezemfundo okwabangelwa lixesha lobandlululo, nokuba bonke abemi banikwa amathuba emfundo alinganayo; • Ukufunda ngokubandakanyeka kusetyenziswa ingqiqo: ukukhuthaza indlela yokufundisa efuna abafundi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba bebonakalisa ingqiqo, endaweni yokufunda ngokubethelela izimvo nokufunda nje bengaziqiqisisi iinyaniso okanye izimvo abazinikwayo; 4 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Ulwazi nezakhono ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo: ukubekwa kweyona migangatho isezantsi yolwazi nezakhono ekufuneka abafundi bezibonakalise kwibanga ngalinye, kananjalo nokumiselwa kwemigangatho ephezulu enokufikelelwa kuzo zonke izifundo; • Ukuqhubela phambili: umxholo wokufundwayo neemeko ekufundwa phantsi kwazo kwibanga ngalinye ubonisa ukuqhubela phambili, ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo; • Amalungelo oluntu, uqukaniso, ukukhathalelwa kokusingqongileyo nobulungisa bezentlalo: ukufakwa kwemithetho-siseko neendlela zokwenza ubulungisa kwezentlalo nokukhathalela indalo esingqongileyo kwanamalungelo oluntu, njengoko ebekiwe kuMgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yoMzantsi Afrika. INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga 10-12 ibonakalisa uvakalelo kwimiba yeyantlukwano enjengendlala, ukungalingani, uhlanga, isini, ulwimi, ubudala, ukuba nenkubazeko neminye imiba; • Ukuxatyiswa kolwazi lwemveli: ukuthathela ingqalelo ubutyebi bembali kunye nelifa lemveli leli lizwe njengeentsika zokuxhasa izithethe eziqulethwe nguMgaqo-siseko; kunye • Nentembeko, umgangatho ophezulu, kunye negalelo elibonakalayo: ukunika imfundo enokuthelekiseka neyamanye amazwe ngokomgangatho, ukunatyiswa kwanokungena nzulu kwayo kwimiba efundiswayo. (d) INkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 ijonge ukuphuhlisa abafundi abakwaziyo: • ukuchonga nokusombulula iingxaki bathabathe izigqibo besebenzisa ingqiqo nokucinga okubonakalisa ubugcisa; • ukusebenza ngempumelelo bebodwa naxa bekunye nabanye njengamalungu eqela; • ukuzicwangcisa nokuzilawula bona buqu kunye nemisebenzi yabo, loo nto beyenza ngentembeko nangempumelelo; • ukuqokelela, ukuhlalutya, ukucwangcisa nokuhlaba amadlala ulwazi; • ukunxibelelana nabanye ngempumelelo besebenzisa ubuchule bokubonwayo, bemiqondiso kunye/okanye nezinye IIVEKI zolwimi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo; • ukusebenzisa inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe ngempumelelo nangokubonisa ukuba noxanduva ngokunengqiqo ekukhathaleleni indalo esingqongileyo nempilo yabanye; kunye • nokubonisa ukuliqonda ihlabathi ukuba liyiseti yezinto ngezinto ezizalanayo ngokuqaphela ukuba iimeko ezisonjululwa phantsi kwazo iingxaki azizimelanga zodwa geqe. (e) Ukuqukaniswa kwemfundo kufuneka kube ngundoqo ekulungiseleleni, ekucwangciseni nasekufundiseni kwisikolo ngasinye. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa bonke ootitshala benolwazi oluphangaleleyo malunga nendlela yokuqonda nokusombulula izidingo zokufunda kunye nendlela yokucwangcisela abafundi abangafaniyo. Undoqo ekulawuleni ukuqukaniswa kwemfundo kukuqinisekisa ukuba izidingo ziyachongwa zize zisonjululwe ngawo onke amaqela enkxaso efanelekileyo asesikolweni, aquka ootitshala, amagosa esithili, amaQela eNkxaso amaZiko athile, abazali neZikolo zabaFundi abaneeMfuno eZizodwa njengamaZiko aXhobisa ngoLwazi. Ukusombulula izidingo eklasini, ootitshala mabasebenzise iindlela ngeendlela zokujongana neyantlukwano kwikharityhulam, ndlela ezo zifana nezo zikuxwebhu lweSebe leMfundo esisisiSeko oluthi Guidelines for Inclusive Teaching and Learning (2010). CAPS 5
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 1.4 UKwabiwa kweXesha 1.4.1 IsiGaba esisisiSeko (a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esisisiSeko lumi ngolu hlobo: IBANGA R IBANGA 1-2 IBANGA 3 ISIFUNDO (IIYURE) (IIYURE) (IIYURE) ULwimi lwaseKhaya 10 8/7 8/7 ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo 2/3 3/4 IMathematika 7 7 7 IzaKhono zoBomi 6 6 7 • ULwazi olusisiSeko (1) (1) (1) • EzobuGcisa (2) (2) (2) • EzemiThambo (2) (2) (2) • UkuziPhatha neNtlalo (1) (1) (1) LILONKE 23 23 25 (b) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa leBanga R, 1 nelesi-2 ziiyure ezingama-23. KwiBanga lesi-3 ziiyure ezingama-25. (c) IBanga R-2 labelwe iiyure ezilishumi, zize zibe li-11 kwiBanga lesi-3. ULwimi lwaseKhaya lwabelwe ezona lwimi yure zininzi ezisi-8 nezona zimbalwa ezisi-7; luze uLwimi oloNgezelelweyo lwabelwe ezona zimbalwa zibe 2 zize ezona zininzi zibe 3 kwiBanga 1-2. KwiBanga lesi-3 ezona yure zininzi zisi-8, zize zibe si-7 ezona zimbalwa kuLwimi lwaseKhaya; kanti kuLwimi oloNgezelelweyo ezona zimbalwa zi-3, zize ezona zininzi zibe 4. (d) IMathematika yabelwe iiyure ezisi-7. (e) KwIIVEKI zoBomi, uLwazi lokuQala lwabelwe iyure e-1 kwiBanga R - 2, zi-2 kwiBanga lesi-3, njengoko kubonisiwe kwizibiyeli kwiBanga. 1.4.2 IsiGaba esiPhakathi (a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esiPhakathi limi ngolu hlobo: ISIFUNDO IIYURE ULwimi lwaseKhaya 6 ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo 5 IMathematika 6 INzululwazi nobuChwepheshe (neTeknoloji) beNdalo 3, 5 INzululwazi yezeNtlalo 3 IzaKhono zoBomi 4 • EzobuGcisa (1, 5) • EzemiThambo (1) • UkuziPhatha neNtlalo (1, 5) LILONKE 27, 5 6 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 1.4.3 IsiGaba esiPhezulu (a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esiPhezulu lumi ngolu hlobo: ISIFUNDO IIYURE ULwimi lwaseKhaya 5 ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo 4 IMathematika 4, 5 INzululwazi yezeNdalo 3 INzululwazi yezeNtlalo 3 UbuChwepheshe (iTeknoloji) 2 INzululwazi yoLawulo lwezoQoqosho 2 IsiFundo ngezoBomi 2 EzobuGcisa 2 LILONKE 27, 5 1.4.4 IBanga 10-12 (a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa iBanga 10-12 lumi ngolu hlobo: IZIFUNDO IIYURE ULwimi lwaseKhaya 4. 5 ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo 4. 5 IMathematika 4. 5 IsiFundo ngezoBomi 2 Ubuncinane bazo naziphi izifundo ezithathu ezikhethwe 12 (3x4yr) kwiQela B isiHlomelo B, iiTheyibhile B1 - B8 zoxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12, ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo ebekwe kumhlathi wama-28 wolu xwebhu lwepolisi. LILONKE 27, 5 Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa ngeveki malisetyenziselwe ukufundisa izifundo ngokweemfuno zezifundo zeNkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yeBanga R-12 (NKS) ezichatshazelwe apha ngasentla, hayi ezinye izifundo ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba umfundi ufuna ukongeza izifundo, makongezelwe elinye ixesha lezo zifundo azongezileyo. CAPS 7
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ICANDELO LESI-2: UKWAZISA IILWIMI KWISIGABA ESIPHEZULU 2.1 IILWIMI KWINKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA Ulwimi sisixhobo sokucinga nokunxibelelana. Lukwayindlela yenkcubeko nothando lobuhle abathi abantu babelane ngayo ukuze bakwazi ukuliqonda ilizwe abaphila kulo. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngendlela eyiyo kubangela ukuba abafundi bafumane ulwazi, bakwazi ukuzazi, ukwazisa iimvakalelo neengcinga zabo, ukunxibelelana nabanye nokukwazi ukulawula ilizwe abaphila kulo. Lukwanika abafundi imifanekiso etyebileyo nemandla kunye neengcinga ezinokusetyenziswa kwilizwe labo ngokungcono nangokucacileyo kunokuba kunjalo. Kusetyenziswa ulwimi ukuvakalisa nokwakha iinkcubeko eziziintlobo ngeentlobo nobuhlobo kwaye kukwangokusebenzisa ulwimi apho olu lwakhiwo lunokuthi lutshintshatshintshwe, lwandiswe okanye luphuculwe. 2.1.1 Imigangatho yolwimi Ukufunda ulwimi kwisiGaba esiPhezulu kuquka zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni eMzantsi Afrika, oko kukuthi iAfrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, isiSwati, Sepedi (Sesotho sa leboa), Sesotho, Setswana, Tshivenda, Xitsonga kwaneelwimi ezingekho semthethweni. Ezi lwimi zingafundiswa kwimigangatho eyahlukileyo. ULwimi lwaseKhaya lulwimi lokuqala olufundwe ngabafundi emakhayeni abo kuba kuthethwa lona. Nangona kunjalo izikolo ezininzi eMzantsi Afrika azilufundisi uLwimi lwaseKhaya lwabafundi abathile okanye lwabafundi bonke abafunda kweso sikolo. Ezi zikolo zikhetha ukufundisa ulwimi olunye okanye iilwimi ezimbini ezikwinqanaba lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo. Ngenxa yoku amagama athi, uLwimi lwaseKhaya noLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo lubhekiselele kwinqanaba lolwazi lolwimi olo luthi lufundiswe hayi ngokubhekiselele kulwimi lokuzalwa (uLwimi lwaseKhaya) okanye ulwimi olufundwayo (njengolwimi olongezelelweyo). Umgangatho woLwimi lwaseKhaya unika abafundi izakhono ezingundoqo zokunxibelelana nabanye abantu ezifuneka kwimo yasekuhlaleni nezakhono zemfundo zokuqondwa kokusetyenziswa kolwimi ezifunekayo ngokwekharityhulam jikelele. Ugxininiso lusekufundisweni kwezi zakhono: ukuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda, ukubhala kulo mgangatho. Lo mgangatho ukwanika abafundi amathuba okufunda uncwadi nobugcisa nengqikelelo eya kubenza bakwazi ukuyila, ukuqikelela nokuxhobisa ukuqonda kwabo ilizwe abaphila kulo. Kodwa ugxininiso nomlinganiselo wokuphulaphula nokuthetha ukususela kwibanga lesi-7 ukuya phezulu ungaphantsi kwalowo wezakhono zokufunda nokubhala. ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo lubhekiselele kulwimi olungelulo uLwimi lwaseKhaya kodwa olusetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu ekuhlaleni, oko kukuthi njengolwimi lokufunda nokufundisa. Ikharityhulam inika inkxaso emandla kwabo bafundi abaya kuthi basebenzise uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo okokuqala njengolwimi lokufunda nokufundisa. Ekupheleni kwebanga lesi-9 aba bafundi baya kuba nako ukusebenzisa ulwimi lwabo lwasekhaya kunye noLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo ngendlela efanelekileyo nangokuzithemba kwiimeko ezahlukileyo eziquka ukufunda. EMzantsi Afrika abafundi abaninzi baqala ukusebenzisa uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo, isiNgesi, njengolwimi lokufunda nokufundisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bafikelele kwelona zinga liphezulu lobuchule ekusebenziseni isiNgesi. Kufuneka bakwazi ukufunda nokubhala kakuhle ngesiNgesi. Umgangatho woLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo uthatha ngokuba abafundi basenokuba abanalwazi kwaphela ngolu lwimi xa befika esikolweni. Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yasesikolweni kugxilwa kakhulu ekukhuliseni izakhono zabafundi zokuqonda nokukwazi ukuluthetha olu lwimi - izakhono ezingundoqo zokunxibelelana nabanye abantu. KwiBanga lesi-2 nelesi-3 abafundi baqala ukwandisa ulwazi kwesi siseko sokunxibelelana ngomlomo. Bakwasebenzisa izakhono zelitheresi abasele bezifunde kuLwimi lwabo lwaseKhaya. 8 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 KwisiGaba esiPhakathi nesiPhezulu, abafundi bayaqhuba nokuqinisa izakhono zabo zokuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala. Kweli nqanaba abantwana abaninzi bafunda ngokusebenzisa uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo, oko kukuthi isiNgesi, kwaye kufuneka bafundiswe olu lwimi ngakumbi. Ugxininiso olumandla ngoko ke malube sekusebenziseni uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo ngeenjongo zokucinga nokuqiqa. Oku kubangela ukuba abafundi bakhulise izakhono zabo zokuqiqa, izakhono ezo abaza kufuna ukuzifunda nezinye izifundo ezifana neNzululwazi yezeNdalo neMathematika ngesiNgesi. Basebenza ngakumbi ngeetekisi zoncwadi kwaye baqalisa ukukhulisa izakhono zokuthanda ubuhle nokukwazi ukuyila engqondweni kuLwimi lwabo oloNgezelelweyo. Ngethuba abafundi befika, kwisigaba esiphezulu kufuneka babe sele bekwazi ukulusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ulwimi lwabo lokuqala olongezelelweyo ngokubhekiselele kwizakhono zokunxibelelana nabantu kunye nezokuqonda zemfundo. Nakuba kunjalo eliyinyani lelokuba kweli nqanaba abafundi abakakwazi kakuhle ukunxibelelana ngoLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo. Ngoko ke umngeni kwisiGaba esiPhakathi kukunika inkxaso abafundi ngaxesha linye banikwe ikharityhulam eza kwenza ukuba abafundi bafikelele kwimigangatho efunekayo kumabanga alandelayo. Kufuneka le migangatho ibe kwimo yokuba abafundi bakwazi ukusebenzisa uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukubalungiselela imfundo yamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo okanye ilizwe lomsebenzi. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba, apho kunokwenzeka, abafundi abakwisiGaba esiPhezulu bafundiswe imiba efanayo kumjikelo weeveki ezimbini kuyo yomibini imigangatho yolwimi - owoLwimi lwaseKhaya nowoLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo. 2.1.2 Izakhono zolwimi Ikharityhulam yoLwimi lwaseKhaya yenziwe ngokwezi zakhono zilandelayo: 1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha 2 Ukufunda nokubukela 3 Ukubhala nokunikezela 4 Izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi 2.1.3 Iindlela zokufundiswa kolwimi Iindlela zokufundiswa kolwimi kula maxwebhu zezisekelwe kwiitekisi, ezifundisa ulwimi ngokulusebenzisa nezifundisa ngokwenkqubo. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi kunye nendlela yokufundisa ulwimi ngokulusebenzisa zixhomekeke kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni rhoqo nasekuvelisweni kweendidi ngeendidi zeetekisi. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi ifundisa abafundi ukuba babe ngabafundi, ababhali, abaphononongi nabayili abagqwesileyo, abazithembileyo nabaqiqayo. Oku kubandakanya ukuphulaphula, ukufunda, ukubukela nokuhlalutya iitekisi ukwenzela ukuqonda indlela eziveliswe ngayo nefuthe lazo. Le nto iphuhlisa izakhono zabafundi zokuphengulula nokuphendla iitekisi gabalala. Iitekisi zoqobo ngowona mthombo ekusekelwa kuwo umxholo nemeko yokufundwa nokufundiswa kolwimi ngendlela enxibelelanayo nedibeneyo. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi ikwabandakanya ukuveliswa kweendidi ngeendidi zeetekisi ezilungiselelwe iinjongo ezithile nabaphulaphuli/abafundi abathile. Le ndlela isekelwe kwingqiqo yokwazi indlela iitekisi ezakhiwe ngayo. Indlela yokufundisa ulwimi ngokulusebenzisa icebisa ukuba xa efunda ulwimi, umfundi makanikwe ithuba elaneleyo lokulusebenzisa olu lwimi alufundayo kunye namathuba okuziqhelisa okanye avelise ulwimi ngokuqhagamshelana ngeenjongo zemiba yasekuhlaleni neyokuziqhelanisa esebenzisa lona. Ufundo lolwimi malugxininiswe eklasini apho izakhono zokufunda/ukubukela nokubhala/ukunikezela zifundwa khona ngokufunda nokubhala rhoqo. Ufundiso lolwimi lwenzeka ngendlela enxulumeneyo, utitshala ebonisa indlela eyiyo nefanelekileyo, abafundi beziqhelisa ngezakhono ezifanelekileyo emaqeleni phambi kokuzisebenzisa izakhono eyedwa umfundi. Ukwakhiwa kwesifundo CAPS 9
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ngasinye makube koko kwenziwa yiklasi yonke ngaphambi kokuziqhelanisa emaqeleni nokusebenzisa isakhono esitsha ngabanye. Amagama asetyenziswayo ngala: ukuphulaphula nokuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala notitshala, amaqela, ukufunda nokubhala ngoncedo lukatitshala nayedwa. Indlela yokufundisa ngokwenkqubo isetyenziswa xa abafundi befunda ze bavelisa iitekisi zomlomo nezibhaliweyo. Abafundi bathabatha inxaxheba kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eenkqubo zokuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala. Mabacinge ngababukeli/abaphulaphuli nangenjongo xa besenza ezi nkqubo. Loo nto iya kubenza bakwazi ukuqhagamshelana, ukuthetha nokuveza iimbono zabo ngobuchule. Umzekelo, ukufundiswa kokubhala akugxininisi kwisiphumo kuphela, koko kugxininisa nakwinjongo nenkqubo yokubhala. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhala abafundi bafundiswa indlela yokuvelisa izimvo, ukucinga malunga nenjongo, nabantu abaza kufunda umsebenzi wabo, ukubhala iidrafti, ukuhlela umsebenzi wabo nokunikezela ngaloo nto bayibhalileyo bedandalazisa iingcinga zabo. Iindlela zokufundiswa koncwadi Ukufundiswa koncwadi makugxininise ekufundiseni ngenjongo yokuqonda yaye kuquka ubuchule/iindlela zenkqubo yokufunda (phambi kokufunda, ngeli xesha ufundayo, emva kokufunda). Esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokufunda uncwadi eklasini kukukhulisa uvakalelo lwabafundi kusetyenziso lolwimi ngendlela ecolekileyo, enobuchule, enongiweyo, enemifanekiso-ngqondweni nemiqondiso nenzulileyo kunokuba befunda enye into engelulo uncwadi. Nangona ezinye iitekisi zoncwadi izezokonwabisa, ukuhlekisa, ukwandisa ulwazi, ababhali abazimiseleyo nabazinikezeleyo babhala iinoveli, imidlalo, umbongo kuba beneengcinga, imibono nemiba, imithetho-siseko, iimbono, neenkolelo abafuna ukwabelana ngazo nokuzivezela abafundi beencwadi zabo. Ingqikelelo ekusetyenzisweni kolwimi yenye yeendlela ezongeziweyo zokutyhila, ukomeleza nokugxininisa iingcinga zaba babhali. Ukufundiswa koncwadi akukho lula, kodwa kunzima ngakumbi xa zingekho iingcinga zabafundi eziya kumnceda ekufumaneni intsingiselo nokuphawula okunyanisekileyo okuvela kubafundi ngokwabo. Ngaphandle kokuba bazifundele ngokwabo ukuyazi intsingiselo engqalileyo yetekisi leyo, abayi kube bafunde okuninzi. Ootitshala mabazinxweme ekuchazeni uncwadi ngendlela abayiva ngayo incwadi, koko bavumele abafundi ukuba ibe ngabo abathabatha inxaxheba enkulu xa kuhlalutywa. Uhlalutyo okanye ukuchazwa kwencwadi akukho malunga nokuchaneka okanye ukungachaneki kwezimvo, koko kukukhangela intsingiselo kulowo uyifundayo. Ezona ndlela zingcono zokufundisa uncwadi zinokuquka ezinye zezi okanye zonke ezi zilandelayo: • Ukufunda itekisi eklasini ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngomnye umsebenzi. Oku akunakuthatha ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini. Kubalulekile ukuba abafundi babe nolwazi olucacileyo ngokuqhubekayo nokungundoqo wetekisi (ukuba ingantoni). Ukufunda itekisi ithuba elide kukwenza ulahlekane nesakhiwo nomxholo; funda isiqanaqwana ngethutyana ukuze uve okuthethwayo. Kwiiklasi ezininzi itekisi ifundwa ngaphandle kwale nkxaso. Oku makukhuthazwe. Fundisa isihobe gabalala, hayi imibongo. Fundani imibongo emininzi kangangoko ninako eklasini ze uqiniseke ukuba abafundi nabo babhala eyabo imibongo. • Ukuhlalutywa koncwadi kubaluleke kakhulu kwimfundo yaseyunivesithi. Kulo mgangatho abafanelanga kufunda uhlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo. Kodwa ke wonke umsebenzi wokufundisa abafundi uncwadi kukubonisa ukuba ulwimi lwabo lwasekhaya lungasetyenziswa mayana, ngobukrelekrele, ngokuqikelela nangokuvulelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuqwalaselisisa ukuba itekisi yakhiwe njani, ubuchule obusetyenzisiweyo nokucwangciswa kwayo ngokutsha ukucacisa nokugxininisa loo nto iboniswayo. Lo msebenzi unokufuna uqwalaselo lobukho nokungabikho kwemifanekiso-ngqondweni. Nguwuphi umfanekiso- ngqondweni ophuhliswa ngumbhali? Usetyenziselwe ntoni? Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nemihlathi, okanye ubume bemibongo, amagama akhethiweyo, umxholo kwitekisi jikelele, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso, isandi, umbala, apho kuyimfumeko. Uninzi lwalo msebenzi maluxhomekeke kuloo ncwadi ifundwayo, kodwa ukuhlalutywa komqolo ngomqolo kulo naluphi uncwadi olubhaliweyo akumkhulisi umfundi. 10 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Ubugcisa bokubhala kufuneka buhambelane ngqo nokufundiswa kwayo nayiphi na itekisi yoncwadi. Imisebenzi ebhalwayo efuna ngamandla ulwazi lwetekisi efundiweyo ifunyaniswa ukuba incedisa ngakumbi ukuseka izinga eliphakamileyo lokuxabisa/lokuhluza kwicala labafundi. Iingxoxo zaseklasini zingaba nempumelelo xa wonke ubani enokuthabatha inxaxheba. Kodwa ezo ngxoxo zigqibela ngokuba ngumsebenzi obhaliweyo zezona zifezekisa injongo ecacileyo, yaye zincedisa kokubini, kwizakhono zokuthetha nezokubhala. • Elokugqibela, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uncwadi ayizompendulo zichanekileyo. Itekisi xa iyonke icacisa into ngokuzeleyo, hayi ngokweziqendwana zayo; ukufundisiswa kwetekisi okulungileyo kuquka yonke itekisi ekuchazweni kwentsingiselo yayo, isakhiwo, izimvo zakho, nokuphononongwa kwayo. Ezinye iindlela zokufundisa uncwadi ezinokuqukwa xa kufundelwa ukuqonda nokwazi iimpawu eziphambili zoncwadi zezi zilandelayo: Ukucwangcisa ngokwamaxesha eziganeko, ngokombhali, ngokomxholo/umongo nangokohlobo loncwadi. Ezi zakhono zingadityaniswa. Kwindlela yokucwangcisa ngokwamaxesha eziganeko abafundi bangaphanda ze badibanise ixesha eliqhubeka ngalo ibali neziganeko zezembali zelo xesha. Kwindlela yokufundisa ngokombhali, abafundi bangathabatha inxaxheba kufundo olubanzi nolunzulu ngombhali ngakumbi kwisihobe ukuze banxibelelanise isihobe sakhe nembali ethile yelo xesha. Kwindlela yokufundisa ngokomxholo/ngokomongo abafundi bajonga umongo/imixholo efana nezobulungisa, ezempumelelo, ezothando, njalo njalo, kwimibongo ngemibongo okanye kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi ukuze zithelekiswe neziganeko ezenzeka mihla le ebomini. Bangathabatha izigqibo/izigwebo ngezenzo zomdlali ukuze banike izimvo zabo ngomxholo. Malunga nendlela yokufundisa ngokohlobo loncwadi, abafundi bangahlela, bathelekise, ze bachaze umahluko phakathi kweendidi zoncwadi, umzekelo, umahluko phakathi kwezakhiwo zenoveli/ibali elifutshane/idrama/uncwadi lwemveli. Iindlela zokufundiswa kokusetyenziswa kolwimi Ukufundiswa kwezakhi zolwimi makugxininise kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kwazo nento enokwenziwa ngolwimi, oko kukuthi, yenziwa njani intsingiselo, uhlangabezana njani neengxaki nokuxhokonxa umdla, ubakhuthaza njani abahlobo noogxa bakho, ubenza njani ubomi obungcono. Ukufundisa ulwimi makube yindlela yokukwazi ukuqhubela phambili izinto. Ukufundisa izakhi zolwimi makube yindlela esekelwe kwiitekisi kunye nendlela yokufundisa ulwimi ngokulusebenzisa. Le migaqo ilandelayo mayithathelwe ingqalelo xa kufundiswa izakhi zolwimi: • Igrama mayifundiselwe ukwakha iitekisi kwimo yazo yokusetyenziswa - loo nto ihambelana nolwimi njengoko lunjalo. • Ukusetyenziswa kwegrama makungabi namigqaliselo yokuhlalutya izivakalisi ngokuzimeleyo - makuchazwe indlela ezakhiwe ngayo izivakalisi kwiitekisi ezipheleleyo, umzekelo, amabali amafutshane, izincoko, iileta, iingxelo ezifundiswayo, ezifundwayo nezibhalwa ngabafundi esikolweni. CAPS 11
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Makukhuthazwe ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezixhasayo zoqobo/zenyani ezifana nencoko yababini nodliwano-ndlebe. • Izakhi zolwimi mazidityaniswe nemisebenzi yolwimi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zasekuhlaleni, umz. Ukuveza iingcinga ngezimvo zomntu, ukwazisa abantu, ukuthetha ngezinto/ukwenza ingxelo ngento, izenzo, iziganeko okanye abantu basekuhlaleni, izinto ezadlulayo okanye neziza kwenzeka: ukwenza izicelo, ukunika iingcebiso, ukudlulisa ukutya okanye izinto eziselwayo, ukwamkela nokwala ngokuphucukileyo, ukunika nokusabela kwimiyalelo, ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa izinto. • Sebenzisa imisebenzi yaseklasini efana neemo zolwimi nemisebenzi yazo, umz. Ukusebenzisa ixesha eladlulayo kunye/okanye nelidlulileyo xa kubhalwa isincoko esibalisayo naxa kubhalwa ingxelo, ukusebenzisa uhlobo lokuqoshelisa/lolandelelwano xa kubhalwa isincoko esinocamngco. • Gxininisa kwimisebenzi enentsingiselo. Ukwazi imigaqo yolwimi akuthethi ukuba abafundi bayakwazi ukulusebenzisa ulwimi ngendlela ebumbeneyo/enamatheleyo nenentsingiselo. Eyona nto sinomdla kuyo sisakhi nomsebenzi waso ngaphaya komgangatho wesivakalisi, oko kukuthi, indlela abantu abalusebenzisa ngayo ulwimi oluthethwayo (intetho) okanye ulwimi olubhaliweyo (itekisi) ngendlela ebumbeneyo/ enamatheleyo nenentsingiselo. 2. 2 UKWABIWA KWEXESHA kulwimi lokuqala olongezelelweyo KWIKHARITYHULAM Ngokwepolisi, ixesha lokufundisa kuLwimi lwaseKhaya ziiyure ezi-5 ngeveki, ze ibe ziiyure ezi-4 kuLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo. Kodwa ke kwisiGaba esiPhezulu kucetyiswa ukuba iiyure ezi-5 zabelwe ulwimi lokufunda nokufundisa, ze iiyure ezi-4 zabelwe olunye ulwimi olunyanzelekileyo. Ngoko ke, izikolo ezisebenzisa uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo njengolwimi lokufunda nokufundisa kufuneka zilwabele iiyure ezi-5 olu lwimi. Wonke umxholo wolwimi ufundiswa ngomjikelo weeveki ezimbini (iiyure ezili-10 (ezisi-8)). Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ootitshala balandele lo mjikelo ncakasana, koko mabaqiniseke ukuba abafundi bayaqhelaniswa nezakhono zolwimi, ngakumbi ukufunda nokubhala. Ixesha elabelwe izakhono ezahlukeneyo zolwimi kwiBanga 7 - 9 ziiveki ezingama-36 ngonyaka. Iiyure ezine zezeemviwo - iiveki ezimbini zezikaJuni, ezimbini zezikaDisemba. Isicwangciso sexesha masivumele iiphiriyodi ezimbini ezilandelelanayo ngeveki. Kumjikelo weeveki ezimbini kucetyiswa olu lwabiwo lwexesha lwezakhono zeelwimi ezahlukileyo. Ixesha elicetyiswayo loLwimi lokuFunda nokuFundisa Izakhono Ukwabiwa kwexesha ngokomjikelo weeveki ezimbini (iiyure) Ibanga lesi-7 Ibanga lesi-8 Ibanga lesi-9 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Iiyure ezi-2 (I-orali) Ukufunda nokubukela Iiyure ezi-3 nemizuzu engama-30 (Iyure e-1 nemizuzu engama-45 yokufundela ukuqonda neyure e-1 imizuzu engama-45 yeetekisi zoncwadi) Ukubhala nokunikezela Iiyure ezi-4 nemizuzu engama-30 Izakhi nemigaqo Iyure e-1 yokusetyenziswa kolwimi Izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo zinxulunyaniswe kwixesha elabelwe ezinye izakhono zolwimi ezine. Kukwakho ixesha elabelwe ukuiqhelanisa okusesikweni. Izakhono zokucinga nokuqiqa zinxulunyaniswe nezakhono neendlela ezifunekayo zokuphulaphula nokuthetha, ukufunda nokubukela nokubhala nokunikezela. 12 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 2. 3 IZIXHOBO ZOKUXHASA UKUFUNDA NOKUFUNDISA Abafundi mababe noku kulandelayo kuLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo kwibanga lesi-7 ukuya kwele-9: IBANGA LEsi-7 - 9 Izixhobo ezingundoqo Iincwadi zolwimi ezimiselweyo √ Inoveli √ Amabali amafutshane √ Uncwadi lwemveli √ Idrama √ Isihobe √ Isichazi-magama √ Ezokusasaza iindaba Amaphephandaba √ Iimagazini √ Iinkqubo zikanomathotholo/iidrama √ Iinkqubo zikamabonakude/iidrama/iidotyhumentari √ Ootitshala boLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo mababe nezi zinto zilandelayo: (a) Inkcazelo yepolisi yekharityhulam nokuhlola (b) ILanguage in Education Policy (ipolisi yokufundisa iilwimi) (c) Iincwadi ezimiselwe zolwimi ukusetyenziswa ngabafundi nezo zinguvimba ukongeza kwezo zichongiweyo. (d) Isichazi-magama (esolwimi olunye, eselwimi ezimbini, ezininzi, ithesarasi ne-ensayiklophidiya) (e) Iintlobo zoncwadi ezimiselweyo (f) Iindidi zemathiriyeli yokusasaza iindaba: amaphephandaba, iimagazini, iibrowusha (g) Babe nethuba lokufumana izixhobo eziviwayo/ezibonwayo ukuze zisetyenziswe eklasini (h) Ezinye izixhobo zokusasaza (iintlobo zamaphephandaba, iimagazini neebhrowutsha) Izixhobo zokufundisa eklasini a) Uluhlu lweetekisi ezibandakanya amanqanaba okufunda awohlukileyo umz. iincwadi zokufunda ezikhethiweyo zeklasi ezineekopi ezineetekisi ezaneleyo kwinqanaba ngalinye b) Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemathiriyeli eneetekisi ezibonwayo umz: amaphephandaba, iimagazini, ibrowutsha, iiflaya, izibhengezo, iipowusta, izaziso, njalo njalo. c) Izixhobo eziviwayo/ezibonwayo CAPS 13
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ICANDELO LEsi-3: UMXHOLO NEZICWANGCISO ZOKUFUNDISA IZAKHONO ZOLWIMI 3.1 Amagqabantshintshi ezakhono zolwimi - iinkqubo neendlela zokwenza, iintlobo nobude beetekisi 3.1.1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha ngundoqo ekufundeni kuzo zonke izifundo. Ngokuphulaphula nokuthetha okuyimpumelelo, abafundi baqokelela baphicothe ulwazi, bakha ulwazi, basombulula iingxaki bavelise izimvo neembono zabo. Izakhono zokuphulaphula ngokunzulu zenza abafundi baqonde izithethe neendlela zokucinga ezikwiitekisi batsho bakwazi nokucela umngeni ulwimi olunomdla othambekele ecaleni noluqhathayo. Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha zizakhono ezahlukeneyo kodwa esinye sixhomekeke kwesinye. Zozibini ezi zakhono zenziwa ngokungekho sesikweni eklasini ngethuba abafundi befumana ulwazi bekwaxoxa ngalo. Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha okusesikweni kweentlobo ezithile, umzekelo, ingxoxo-mpikiswano, kufuna ukufundiswa okungqalileyo. Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha okusesikweni nokungekho sesikweni kunxulunyaniswa nokufunda, ukubhala nokuziqhelanisa nolwimi, yaye ukuthetha kunokunika itekisi ebhaliweyo ngohlobo lomlomo (umzekelo, ukufunda ngokuvakalayo). Inkqubo neendlela zokuphulaphula Ukufundiswa kokuphulaphula kudla ngokuquka ukusebenza ngeziqanaqwana zenkqubo yokuphulaphula. Lo ngumsebenzi onamanqanaba amathathu abonisa iindlela zokuphulaphula ezizimeleyo ukwenzela ukucazulula nokuqonda intetho kunye nezinye iintlobo eziphulaphulwayo. Akuyi kusoloko kulandelwa onke amanqanaba enkqubo. Umzekelo, ukuba abafundi baphulaphule ingcaciso erekhodiweyo kuya kufuneka ukuba benze umsebenzi phambi kokuba baphulaphule obenza bafune ukuthi qwa balindele ukuphulaphulisisa, ubancede ukuba banxulumanise oko bakuphulaphuleyo namava abo. Imisebenzi yangexesha bephulaphule ingabanceda bakhumbule iinkcukacha baze baphonononge umyalezo. Emva kokuphulaphula kungabandakanywa abafundi ekuphenduleni ngokuxoxa malunga naloo nto bayivileyo. Imisebenzi nokuhlolwa kwezicatshulwa eziphulaphulwayo kunika ithuba lokufundisa abafundi indlela yokuphulaphula. Okwenziwa phambi kokuphulaphula kungenisa abafundi kwimeko yokuphulaphula. Kuvumela abafundi kuba bazikhumbuze ngolwazi abasele benalo malunga neso sihloko, baze balungiselele ukuphulaphula. • Ukuhlupheza/ukuvuselela ulwazi abasele benalo phambi kokuba baphulaphule • Ukuqikelela ukuba itekisi inokuba ithetha ngantoni ngokujonga isihloko • Ukujongana nesigama esiphambili abanokuba abasiqhelanga abafundi • Utitshala unokuseta imibuzo yaphambi kokuphulaphula ukwenzela ukubuyisa umdla wabafundi. • Abafundi mabazilungiselele ngokubonakalayo ngokuthi, umzekelo, babe nepenlothe nencwadana yokubhalela 14 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ngeli xesha bephulaphule - babuza imibuzo, baqaphela okuthile, bayathelekisa, babhala amanqaku, batolika abakuphulaphuleyo • Bahlalutya -- Umyalezo, -- Isithethi kunye -- Nobungqina besithethi • Badibanisa okuthethwayo nabakwaziyo ezingqondweni • Bakhangela intsingiselo • Babuza imibuzo • Bayaqikelela baze baqinisekise oko bebekuthelekelele • Bacinga ngezimvo abazibekileyo baze baphonononge. Okwenzeka Emva kokuphulaphula kulandelela amava okuphulaphula. Abafundi • Babuza imibuzo • Bancokola malunga nokuthethwe sisithethi • Baphonononga amanqaku abawabhale phantsi • Bashwankathela intetho ngomlomo • Badlulisa ulwazi obeluthethwa ngomlomo lube kwimo yokubhalwa, umzekelo, ukusebenzisa olo lwazi ukufaka iinkcukacha kumzobo • Bahlalutya baze baphonononge ngokunzulu oko bakuvileyo • Baphicotha ulwazi olutsha besebenzisa ulwazi abasele benalo • Bafikelela ezigqibeni; baphonononge; banike ezabo izimvo; baphendule ngokunzulu CAPS 15
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphulaphula Ukuphulaphulela Ukuphulaphula, kunokuva nje, ngundoqo wokujongana ngengqiqo nayo nayiphi na imeko ukufumana ulwazi ohlangana nayo koko kukungqongileyo. Kwilizwe apho kusetyenziswa khona ubuchwepheshe oluthile (iteknoloji) obufana nezandi, amazwi, umculo, nokuthetha, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuphulaphula loo nto inentsingiselo kuphela. Okuninzi koku kudweliswe apha ngezantsi, kunokungaqheleki kubafundi kwesi sigaba, yaye ootitshala kufuneka basebenze kuphela kwezo nkqubo bafumanisa ukuba kusafuneka begxininise kuzo. • Ukujonga ulwazi abanalo kuqala phambi kokuba baphulaphule • Ukuqondisisa injongo yesithethi • Ukuphulaphula ngenyameko loo msebenzi uwunikiweyo ubonisa umdla • Ukukhangela intsingiselo • Ukujonga ukuba umyalezo uyavakala na ngokuthi unxulumanise, uqikelele uze ungqinisise olo qikelelo, uthatha izigqibo, uphonononge, ucingisise ze ucinge kwakhona malunga nokuvileyo • Ukuthabatha amanqaku anentsingiselo ugqabaza, ubonisa icala eya ngakulo intetho, uyibeka ngohlobo oluthile, ushwankathela, usenza iitshekhilisti, ubeka intetho ngamazwi akho, ubalisa kwakhona, ucacise • Ukukhangela umyalezo wesithethi • Ukuqwalasela unxulumano phakathi kwemeko, uchongo-magama kunye nemo • Ukukhetha/ukuchonga, ukucacisa ze uphonononge imiyalezo • Ukuphulaphula imiyalelo, ukhangela indlela emephini ukwalandela nemigaqo ebekiweyo • Ukufumana iingcinga ezingundoqo nezixhasayo • Ukusebenzisa ulwazi ngokuthelekisa, ukuphulaphula imiyalelo, ukuvala izikhewu, ukuqwalasela umahluko, ukukorekisha imiba ethile (kwitshekhilisti), ukudlulisa ulwazi, ukulandelelanisa, ukuyelelanisa, kunye nokucacisa intsingiselo • Ukulandelela loo ntetho ibisenziwa ngokuphendula imibuzo, ukuqwalasela kwakhona amanqaku akho obuwabhalile, ukuhlela iingcinga, ukushwankathela, ukucacisa, ukucingisisa, ukuthetha okanye ubhale Isicatshulwa • Ukubalisa ibali ngokutsha esiphulaphulwayo • Ukukhumbula iinkcukacha ezithile ezikwitekisi nokuthetha • Ukucingisisa malunga nezithethe nemiyalezo ekwitekisi • Ukucingisisa malunga neengcinga ezingeyonyani ezibethelelekileyo kunye nezinomkhethe • Ukuxoxa ngabalinganiswa, umxholo nesimo sentlalo • Ukubeka izimvo zakho • Ukucacisa imibuzo Ukuphulaphulela Uninzi lwezi nkqubo zidweliswe apha ngezantsi ziluncedo ekufundeni iitekisi zoncwadi, ukuhlalutya kwizibhengezo namaxwebhu ezopolitiko. Emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula, ootitshala badla nokuphonononga ngokuvulela amathuba okuxoxa, kodwa kuluncedo ukuba emva kwengxoxo benze umsebenzi obhaliweyo. Kungacatshulwa indawana kwingoma yefilim, umzekelo, isetyenziselwe ukuqala isincoko esibalisayo. (“Yintoni kanye le uyivayo? Khangela intsingiselo yayo.”). Ukukhethwa kwamagama ‘achukumisayo’ kwintetho, okanye kumbongo ofundwayo kungaqukwa ekubhaleni okuhambelana naloo meko okanye loo nto ubhala ngayo. Quka amagama kwintetho ephikisanayo naleyo ithethwa sisithethi; okanye usebenzise la magama kumbongo wakho ukuze ulwazi lwakho lwamagama lucace. • Khetha uchaze intsingiselo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi olulukuhlayo noluqhathayo, olunika ingcinga ecalanye nedlelelelayo, ingcinga ebethelelekileyo engeyonyani • Yahlula phakathi kwenyani noluvo • Bonakalisa ulwazi malunga nethoni, isantya nokusetyenziswa kolwimi • Phendula kwisimbo, ithoni nerejista uphonononge ngendlela efanelekileyo • Kwazi ukulandelelanisa ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo • Thatha isigqibo ze unike ubungqina • Yenza ingqikelelo ze uthelekelele iziqhamo/iziphumo zoko • Phendula ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi, uchongo lwamagama, ifomathi, ukubizwa kwamagama. 16 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphulaphula Ukuphulaphulela Le misebenzi yokuphulaphula yenzeka ngokulula kwiingxoxo-mpikiswano, iingxoxo zamaqela ukuncoma amancinci, nakuyo nayiphi na ingxoxo elungiselelweyo. Ukubukela iikliphu zefilim kungaba luncedo nokuxoxa kakhulu ekuhlahleleni ezi mpawu zidweliswe apha ngezantsi: • Ukuphendula kwiimeko ngeemeko zoqhagamshelwano • Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yokunika amathuba xa nincokola • Ukuthethelela icala olikhethileyo • Ukubuza imibuzo ukwenzela ukuqhubela phambili incoko. • Ukuphendula kulwimi, izijekulo, ukunamathelisa iliso nokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba. • Ukuboninsa ukuzalana phakathi kolwimi nenkcubeko ngokubonakalisa intlonipho kwizenzo zenkcubeko. • Ukuphendula kwimigangatho yobuhle beetekisi zomlomo, umzekelo, isingqi, isantya, ii-ifekthi zesandi, umfanekiso-ngqondweni Ubude beetekisi ezisetyenziswa njengezicatshulwa eziphulaphulwayo Umsebenzi Ibanga lesi-7 Ibanga lesi-8 Ibanga lesi-9 Iitekisi zezicatshulwa eziphulaphulwayo ezide, Amagama ali-130-180/ukuya Amagama angama-180-230/ Amagama angama-230-280/ umzekelo, ibali, udliwano- kwimizuzu emi-5 kwimizuzu emi-5 kwimizuzu emi-5 ndlebe, imidlalo, iindaba Iitekisi zezicatshulwa eziphulaphulwayo Amagama angama-50-60/ Amagama angama-60-70/ Amagama angama-70-90/ ezimfutshane, umzekelo, umzuzu om-1-2 umzuzu om-1 - 2 umzuzu om-1 - 2 izaziso, iitekisi zolwazi, imiyalelo, izalathisi Isicatshulwa esifundwayo/ Amagama iitekisi ezifundwa Amagama ali-130 - 180 Amagama angama-230-280 angama-180 - 230 ngokunzulu Ukuthetha KwisiGaba esiPhezulu abafundi mabafundiswe okanye balungiselelwe ukuthetha ngokulula nangokuqhabalaka nanjengoko le iyeyona nto ixabisekileyo ebomini babo, bobuqu nobomsebenzi. Ukudala oku kuzithemba kubaluleke ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi indlela okanye icebo lokuthetha esidlangalaleni. Kufuneka abafundi bazi ukuba xa bethetha abazi kuhlekwa okanye bangxoliswe, yaye kufuneka baqiniseke ngenkxaso epheleleyo nenkuthazo katitshala ngawo onke amaxesha. Abafundi besiGaba esiPhezulu mabafundiswe ezona ndlela zisisiseko zokwenza udlwabevu lwentetho. Kusenokuboniswa unyamezelo oluthile kubafundi xa kujongwa indlela ukuthetha nabantu ngomlomo okunezinto ezininzi okuzifunayo ngayo. Inkqubo nemigaqo (iindlela) yokuthetha Ukufundiswa kokuthetha makuquke ulwazi lwenkqubo neendlela zonxibelelwano (ukukhangela ngokutsha, ukubeka ngawakho amazwi, ukubeka olunye ulwazi endaweni yolunikiweyo, ukubonisa, ukusebenzisa izangotshe, ukulinganisa ungasebenzisi mazwi, izandi nokucela uncedo). Inkqubo yokuthetha yenziwa ngala manqanaba alandelayo: • Ukucwangcisa, ukuphanda nokulandelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo • Ukwenza intetho CAPS 17
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ukucwangcisa - ukuphanda nokulandelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo Abafundi mabakwazi ukubonakalisa izakhono zokucwangcisa, zokuphanda, nokulandelelanisa izimvo ngokufanelekileyo ukulungiselela intetho yomlomo: • Ngokusebenzisa irejista, isimbo, ilizwi ngokwabantu abalungiselelwayo, injongo, imeko nomongo • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olwamkelekileyo (ukhetho lwamagama): -- Ngokusetyenziswa kwezenzi, iintlobo zeziphawuli kunye nezihlomelo ukunika iinkcukacha nengcaciso ecacileyo xa kuthethwa, umzekelo, ukwenza intetho, ukubalisa ibali kunye nengxoxo-mpikiswano -- Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi lwezithethantonye nezichasi, oomabizwafane, oomabizwahluke kunye nokubhala ibinzana lamagama ngegama elinye -- Ukusebenzisa amagama amatsha nawemboleko -- Ukusebenzisa isigama esinongiweyo (izafobe, izaci, amaqhalo), ithoni, isimo okanye uhlekiso -- Ukusebenzisa izifinyezo -- Ukusebenzisa iingcambu, izimaphambili kunye nezimamva -- Ukusebenzisa isini, isininzi kunye nezinciphiso -- Ukusebenzisa iziphawuli kunye nezihlomelo • Ukubonisa ulwazi olunzulu lolwimi: -- Ngokunika iinyani nokuvelisa izimvo -- Ukuvelisa intsingiselo yentsusa, eyongezelelweyo kunye necingelwayo -- Ukuchaza nokubonisa izithethe neendlela abacinga ngazo, ulwimi olulukuhlayo/oluqhathayo, izimvo ezicalanye nezidlelelelayo, iingcinga ezibethelelekileyo ezingeyonyani, ulwimi olucengayo nolulukuhlayo, umz. Intetho elukuhlayo nokukwazi ukuyisebenzisa • Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifana nezichazi-magama neethesarasi ukukhetha awona magama afanelekileyo nachanekileyo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza intetho besebenzisa amanqaku abhaliweyo (iinowuthsi) nezincedisi zaseqongeni, ezibonwayo kunye/okanye neziviwayo; iigrafu zokuncedisa ekwenzeni intetho ibe nomdla yaye ichaneke. Ukuziqhelisa kunye nokwenza intetho Abafundi mabakwazi ukubonakalisa izakhono zabo zokwenza intetho yomlomo ngolu hlobo: • Ukuthetha ngqo nababukeli/abaphulaphuli • Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ukuqokelela ulwazi • Ukudibanisa uluhlu lwamanqaku okuzixhasa nokunika imizekelo ngokwemfuno zomsebenzi 18 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Ukusebenzisa intshayelelo edlwengula umxhelo nodlwabevu lwesiphelo (umz. Ukucaphula kokubhaliweyo, iimbali ezimfutshane ezihlekisayo, nokusetyenziswa kweencwadi ezigunyazisiweyo) • Ukukhulisa ingcinga nengxoxo - ngokunikezela ngentetho emxholo wayo ungebiwanga ndawo, unika umdla, undindeneyo, ubonakalisa ukukhula kwengqiqo nemiba yengxoxo, imizekelo nezimvo ezilandelelana ngokufanelekileyo • Ukusebenzisa imiba yentetho (umz. Intshayelelo, umhlathi wokuqala nowesibini, isiqu, isiphelo) ekwakheni ingxoxo ebonakalisa ingqiqo nokusebenzisa isakhono sokulukuhla nokwenza ingxoxo-mpikiswano • Ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zokulungelelanisa intetho ezifana nezi zilandelayo: ukulandelelana kweziganeko, umba osematheni, unobangela nesiphumo, ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa, isisombulolo sengxaki, ukunika ulwazi nokulukuhla • Ukusebenzisa imvakalozwi eyamkelekileyo • Ukunikezela nokukhulisa ingxoxo ecacileyo nokukhetha ubungqina obusemgangathweni (umz. Iinkcukacha- manani, ubungqina, iimeko ezithile) kuquka into ekholelekayo, eyinyani, engqinekayo nefanelekileyo • Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuthetha nabantu ezifanelekileyo okanye uphindaphindo: manene nani manenekazi; ndifuna ukugxininisa ukuba … • Ukusebenzisa izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi eyamkelekileyo efana nale: -- Izakhi zezenzi kunye neentsiza-senzi ukubonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo ixesha nohlobo -- Ukusebenzisa izigaba zentetho ukubonakalisa unxibelelwano lomlomo lwemihla ngemihla • Ukusebenzisa imibuzo buciko, ukunqumama nophinda-phindo • Ukusebenzisa ubuchule obuthethwa ngomlomo nobungathethwayo (umz. Usetyenziso lwethoni/imvakalozwi, ukunyuka nokuhla kwelizwi, ukuvakalayo ngokufanelekileyo, isithuba/isingqi, ukubekwa kwamazwi entetho, unamathelo lwamehlo, iintshukumo zobuso, izijekulo neentshukumo zomzimba) ngokuchanekileyo xa kusenziwa intetho. CAPS 19
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI ZOKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA Intetho elungiselelweyo Ukwazisa/ukucenga/ukwabelana nokuthethelela uluvo okanye icala olithathileyo. • Ukuchonga isihloko sophando esifanelekileyo -- Makubonakale uphando oluthile -- Makube nesakhiwo (intshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo) • Makubekho unxulumaniso olucacileyo lwezimvo nesihloko -- Ingxoxo okanye uluvo maluxhokonxe iingqondo zabanye • Iingcinga mazibhalwe cacileyo zibonakalise ukuqonda injongo yentetho kunye nabaphulaphuli Intetho Ukwenza intetho ungakhange uqale uzilungiselele/ukuyilandelelanisa ngoko nangoko/ engalungiselelwanga ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuthetha ngethutyana elingephi • Mayibe nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo (intshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo) • Mayifanele injongo • Sebenzisa ithoni, ilizwi, isantya, ukunamathelisa iliso, indlela yokuma nezijekulo • Ulwimi nethoni mazifanele abaphulaphuli • Sebenzisa isigama nezakhi zolwimi ezifanelekileyo nezifezekileyo • Mayibe mfutshane kodwa iyifezekise injongo Ukufunda • Ukuqondwa komhlathi kuyabonakaliswa okulungiselelweyo • Umhlathi ufundwa ngotyibiliko (Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo) • Ukuhla nokunyuka kwelizwi makuvakale • Amagama makabizwe ngokucacileyo • Ukunqumama makusetyenziswe ngendlela eyiyo • Makugcinwe umdla wabaphulaphuli/abaphulaphuli mabagcinwe bekhululekile • Ubude besicatshulwa mabubafanele abaphulaphuli Ukufunda Ukwabelana nabanye ngetekisi azibhalele ngokwakhe okanye ebhalwe ngomnye umntu; okungalungiselelwanga esenzela ukonwabisa (ukufunda ngokuvakalayo) • Ukuqondwa komhlathi kuyabonakaliswa • Umhlathi ufundwa ngotyibiliko • Ukuhla nokunyuka kwelizwi makuvakale • Amagama makabizwe ngokucacileyo • Ukunqumama makusetyenziswe ngendlela eyiyo • Makugcinwe umdla wabaphulaphuli/abaphulaphuli mabagcinwe bekhululekile • Uchongo lwesicatshulwa maluthathele ingqalelo abaphulaphuli • Ubude besicatshulwa mabufaneleke 20 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI ZOKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA Ingxoxo-mpikiswano Ukuphikisana malunga nesihloko esikhethiweyo nimele amacala amabini ohlukileyo. Le yindlela esesikweni yentetho yomlomo eqhutyelwa ibukelwe esidlangalaleni. Indlela yokuqhuba ingxoxo-mpikiswano: • Amaqela amabini ezithethi, adla ngokuba nabantu abathathu eqeleni, axoxela okanye aphikisa isindululo esibekiweyo. Ezi zindululo zibanga okanye ziphakamisa okuthile, umzekelo, ‘Indebe yehlabathi ilusebenzele uqoqosho lwethu’, endaweni yokuthi nje ‘Indebe yehlabathi’. • Ukuqhuba kwengxoxo-mpikiswano kulawulwa ngusihlalo othi: -- Azise isindululo anike amagqabantshintshi ngaso -- Wazisa isithethi ngasinye -- Ugcina ucwangco -- Ubamba ixesha - izithethi zisikelwa ixesha elithile -- Ulawula ingxoxo xa isindululo sibekiwe savulwa (jonga apha ngezantsi) -- Ulawula ukuvota (jonga apha ngezantsi) • Usihlalo wazisa isindululo aze acele isithethi sokuqala esivumelana nesihloko (iqela elixoxela isindululo) ukuba sithethe. • Isithethi sokuqala esivumelana nesihloko sibeka ingxoxo yaso sixhasa isindululo. • Isithethi sokuqala sabo baphikisana nesihloko (abo bachasene nesindululo) sibeka ingxoxo yaso sichasa isindululo yaye sisenokugadlela (sihlasele) ingxoxo yesithethi sokuqala. • Isithethi sesibini esivumelana nesihloko siyibeka elubala ingxoxo yeqela laso, size neengxoxo ezintsha, size sihlasele izimvo ezibekwe sisithethi esidlulileyo. • Nesithethi sesibini esiphikisana nesihloko senza njalo. • Isindululo sivulelwa wonke umntu (abaphulaphuli) ukuba baxoxe ngaso babuze nemibuzo • Emva kwengxoxo kawonke-wonke iqela eliphikisayo lishwankathela kuqala. Isithethi sesithathu siphinda ingxoxo engundoqo yeqela laso size sizame ukujika iingqondo zabaphulaphuli ukuba bavote ngokuchasene nesindululo, sinika nezizathu. Esi sithethi sinokuhlasela iingxoxo ezidlulileyo. • Nesithethi sesithathu seqela elivumelana nesihloko senza njalo. • Ingxoxo inokugqitywa zize iziphumo ezifunyenwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo ngokuhlolwa kweentetho (kunikwa amanqaku) yijaji, okanye kuvotelwe isindululo. Ingxoxo yababini • Ibonisa incoko phakathi kwabantu ababini okanye nangaphezulu. • Ukuqala uqhube incoko • Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yokunikana amathuba, ugcine incoko • Ukusimela isigqibo osithathileyo ngokuzixhasa kwincoko • Ukuphulaphulana nithetha-thethane • Ukuvala izikhewu xa nincokola ukhuthaza lowo uncokola naye ukuba aqhube nencoko • Imiba ekuxoxwa ngayo mayicaciswe • Ukuthetha ngeembono namava akho ubonise ulwazi lwemiba enincokola ngayo CAPS 21
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI ZOKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA Udliwano-ndlebe Ukufumana ulwazi okanye uluvo lomntu okanye lwephaneli • Ukusebenzisa izakhono zokubuza imibuzo, zokutshintsha iingqondo zabantu, ukubhala amanqaku, ukushwankathela nezijekulo ngokufanelekileyo • Ukucwangcisa uzilungiselele: qaphela injongo, ulwazi lwangaphambili, amagqabantshintshi, imibuzo, ixesha, indawo, ukulandelelana kwemiba nobunjani bendawo (jonga iimpawu zokubhala) • Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe ezibekwe ngokwamabinzana: -- Intshayelelo (ukuzazisa; ukunika injongo) -- Ukwenza umbuzwa azive ekhululekile -- Imibuzo (buza uqala ngemibuzo ephangaleleyo usiya kuleyo ingqalileyo, imibuzo efanelekileyo; sebenzisa ulwimi lwabantu abadala, olucingelayo, oluhloniphekileyo nolubuyisela ingqondo kule nto ithethwayo; phulaphulisisa; phonononga impendulo, phendula ngokwanelisayo ukubonisa ukuba uyayazi le nto uthetha ngayo) -- Isishwankathelo (bhala phantsi iimpendulo ngokubhala amanqaku; shwankathela; landelelanisa iimpendulo neenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo) -- Ukuvala (bulela umbuzwa; nika iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano) Ingxelo (elungiselelweyo • Ukunika impendulo echanekileyo ngemeko ekuyiyo, umz. Ingozi, nezinye iziphumo nengalungiselelwanga) • Ukubonisa isihloko, intshayelelo (ingabula zigcawu, injongo kunye namagqabantshintshi ngesihloko), isiqu (Kwenzeke ntoni? Isenziwa ngubani? Nini? Phi? Njani?), isiphelo, iingcebiso, imithombo yokwandisa ulwazi, izihlomelo • Ukucwangcisa: qokelela ulungise ulwazi uze unike ulwazi oluyinyani • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olukhokelela kolusesikweni nolungekhosesikweni kunye nesimbo • Sebenzisa -- Ixesha langoku (ngaphandle kwengxelo yembali) -- Izibizo gabalala -- Umntu wesithathu -- Inkcazelo eyinyani -- Amagama namabinzana asetyenziswa kwimeko ethile -- Ulwimi oluvumelekileyo lungabhekisi mntwini (okanye olungangqalanga) Ukunika izalathisi Ukuxelela umntu indlela yokuya endaweni ethile • Sebenzisa izalathisi xa uyalela umntu ukuze afike kwindawo aya kuyo. • Ukusetyenziswa kohlobo lokuyalela/isiyaleli • Ukusetyenziswa komntu wesibini ukumela unxibelelwano phakathi kwesithethi nomphulaphuli. • Qaphela oku kulandelayo xa unika izalathisi: -- Sebenzisa izivakalisi ezifutshane nezicacileyo -- Sebenzisa izalathisi ngokokulandelana kwazo -- Khangela indawo eqaphelekayo -- Nika uqikelelo lomgama -- Nika uqikelelo lwenani lezitalato eziza kudlulwa ukuze kufikelelwe kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo -- Nika ulwazi ngeempawu eziqaphelekayo ecaleni kwendlela -- Sebenzisa amagama abonisa indawo -- Sebenzisa amagama abonisa icala ekuyiwa kulo -- Sebenzisa amagama ukubuza indlela -- Sebenzisa amagama ukubonakalisa umbulelo 22 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI ZOKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA Imiyalelo Ukucacisa indlela yokusebenzisa isixhobo esithile, ukupheka ukutya, ukulungisa umonakalo, njalo njalo. • Cacisa ukusebenza okanye ukusetyenziswa kwaso nasiphi na isixhobo; ukusebenzisa umatshini wokuhlamba impahla, njalo-njalo. • Cwangcisa ulungiselele (jonga iimpawu zokubhala) -- Ukuqonda iimeko nokuba siza kuba yintoni isiphumo sokunika imiyalelo/sokubonisa -- Ukucacisa ukusebenza okanye ukusetyenziswa kwaso nasiphi isixhobo sokusebenza -- Ukubonisa cacileyo, nachanekileyo ukulandelelana kwemiyalelo. -- Ukusebenzisa incwadana esisikhokelo (imanyuwali), imiyalelo, nendlela zokwenza -- Ukuthathela ingqalelo isigama, ulwimi olusetyenziswayo xa kuyalelwa ngesixhobo eso sisetyenziswayo, intetho kunye namabinzana amagama anokusetyenziswa • Ukunikezela Ukunikezela ngentetho • Ukunika intetho yomlomo ngeziganeko eziphuma kunomathotholo okanye kumabonakude yomlomo/ingxelo okanye ngeziphumo zodliwano-ndlebe olwenziweyo yomlomo • Cwangcisa ulungiselele -- Yithi gqaba gqaba malunga nokuba yintoni efuneka njengemveliso/isiphumo sentetho yomlomo -- Qikelela isigama, ulwimi nentetho enokusetyenziswa, -- Phanda ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo kwisithethi nolwimi olufunekayo ukucacisa ulwazi -- Nikezela; jonga oku kulandelayo: o Uphando malube nobungqina o Isakhiwo setekisi masime ngolu hlobo (intshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo) o Itekisi mayibe nonxulumano olucacileyo nesihloko ze iveze izimvo ezizizo zibekwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. o Ingxoxo okanye uluvo maluxhokonxe iingqondo zabanye o Iingcinga mazibhalwe cacileyo zibonakalise ukuqonda injongo yentetho kunye nabaphulaphuli; mazinikezelwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, engathathi cala, esebenzisa irejista efanele abaphulaphuli o Sebenzisa ulwimi olungakhethi cala (ulwimi olucacileyo nolwakhayo) ze usebenzise irejista efanele abo bantu ujilose kubo. o Sebenzisa intsukumo yomzimba efanelekileyo. Musa ukusebenzisa izijekulo ezibaxekileyo. • Lungiselela intetho yomlomo ngokwala manqanaba mathathu alandelayo: -- Intshayelelo: Bamba umdla wabaphulaphuli; phendula imibuzo enjengale Ngubani? Intoni? Phi? Nini? -- Isiqu: Lungisa iingongoma eziphambili zengxelo ngokulandelelana kwazo. Sebenzisa ulwazi oluchanekileyo; xhasa ingongoma ephambili ngolwazi olufumene kuphando; sebenzisa iinkcukacha kunye nezivakalisi ezichazayo ukwenza ingxelo enomdla. -- Isiphelo: Shwankathela uze udlulise eyona ngongoma ibalulekileyo. Bhala isiphelo ngokufutshane. Qukumbela uphinde ubeke ingongoma ephambili ngenye indlela. Caphula kwiingongoma eziphambili wenze olwakho uluvo ngokubhekiselele kwisihloko sengxelo • Sebenzisa izixhobo ezibonwayo, ezinjengeepowusta okanye amacwecwe eprojekta (overhead transparencies) uziqhelise ukuzisebenzisa ngethuba usazilungiselela. • Sebenzisa amanqaku (iinowuthsi) ukwenza amagqabantshintshi ngengxelo • Sebenzisa amanqaku (iinowuthsi) xa unikezela ingxelo CAPS 23
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI ZOKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA Ingxoxo yeforam/ Ukwabelana ngezimvo ezahlukeneyo okanye ulwazi oluphuma kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yephaneli Izithethi mazenze oku kulandelayo: • Ukuphonononga ukuthontelana kweengcinga • Ukuphulaphulana • Ukuvuma iingongoma xa kuyimfuneko • Ukungaziphazamisi ezinye izithethi • Makubekho unxibelelwano phakathi kweengongoma • Ingxoxo mayihlale emxholweni • Ukuzama ukufaka abantu kwingxoxo • Ukuphazamisa ngendlela efanelekileyo kwingxoxo • Ukubonakalisa izimvo zixhase ngezizathu • Isithethi ngasinye sibeka uluvo oluthile ngesihloko eso • Ukusetyenziswa kwamabinzana aqhelekileyo • Imisebenzi kasihlalo: -- Ukugcina ucwangco -- Ukugcina ixesha -- Ujonga ukuba kulandelwa i-ajenda -- Ukhuthaza ukuthathwa kwenxaxheba -- Akathathi cala -- Ubiza iziphakamiso okanye abanike ithuba lokuvota Ukulinganisa Abafundi banikwa imeko, edla ngokuba yingxaki okanye isehlo, ekufuneka bejongene naso ngokudlala indima ethile. Ukwenziwa kwalo mdlalo kunokuba kungalungiselelwanga, okanye umfundi aziswe kancinci ngaloo ndawo aza kuyidlala. Indlela yokuhlola apha yevulelekileyo yaye ixhomekeke kumntu ngamnye. Ingxoxo Ukwabelana ngezimvo, iingcinga neembono namaqela azimeleyo engalungiselelwanga/ incoko • Ukuqala uze uhlale encokweni • Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yokunikana amathuba • Ukusimela isigqibo osithathileyo • Ukuthetha-thethana • Ukungenelela encokweni ngenjongo yokukhuthaza isithethi • Ukwabelana ngeengcinga namava nibonakalisa ingqiqo Ukwaziswa kwesithethi Ukunika abaphulaphuli ulwazi malunga nesithethi/undwendwe • Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kwisithethi • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni • Ukudala umdla nomnqweno kubaphulaphuli, umzekelo, ngokuxelela abaphulaphuli malunga neenkcukacha zaso ezifanelekileyo neempumelelo zaso • Ukwakha umnqweno ngokuthi, umzekelo, umana unqumama umana uguqula ilizwi • Gqibezela ngodlwabevu nangokuzithemba Ilizwi lombulelo • Ukubulela isithethi emva kokwenza intetho kubaphulaphuli • Sebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni • Siphulaphule ngenyameko isithethi, ukwenzela ukuthi gqaba gqaba ngemiba ebalulekileyo kwintetho yaso • Thetha ngemiba ebalulekileyo kwintetho yaso • Gqibezela ngodlwabevu nangokuzithemba 24 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ubude obucetywayo beetekisi eziza kuveliselwa intetho yomlomo Ubude Iitekisi Ibanga 7 - 9 Iincoko, iingxoxo-mpikiswano, iingxoxo zeforam/zeqela/ Imizuzu eli-15 - 20 zephaneli Ingxoxo yababini Imizuzu emi-4 - 6 Izalathisi nemiyalelo Imizuzu emi-2 - 4 Udliwano-ndlebe Imizuzu esi-8 - 10 Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo Imizuzu emi-2 - 3 Intetho elungiselelweyo, ingxelo, irivyu Imizuzu emi-2 - 3 Intetho engalungiselelwanga Imizuzu emi-2 - 3 Ukubalisa ibali Imizuzu emi-5 - 7 Intlanganiso nemigaqo Imizuzu esi-8 - 10 Iintetho ezisetyenziswayo kwincoko - Uluhlu olubonisayo UKUCELA IMVUME/UKWENZA IZICELO UKUPHAZAMISA • Ndinga........... ? • Ndicela uxolo, ndinga................ ? • Kungenzeka ukuba ndi.......... ? • Uxolo, ndinga................. ? • Ingaba kulungile ukuba............. ? • Uxolo, uyazi ukuba........... ? • Kungakuhle ukuba............ ? • Ndicela uxolo ngokukuphazamisa, ungandinceda? (esesikweni). • Ungakhathazeka ukuba ndinga............ ? • Ndicela undivumele ndi............... • Ungavuma uku.......... ? UKUNIKA UNCEDO UKUFUNA UNCEDO • Ndingakunceda? • Ndingancedisa nge............. ? • Kukho into oyikhangelayo? • Ungandinceda ukuba ndi............. ? • Ingaba ufuna uncedo kusini na? • Ndifuna uncedo............... • Ungathanda ukuncediswa? • Nceda undincedise.............. (esesikweni). • Ndingakwenzela ntoni namhlanje? • Nceda undincedise nge................ UKUXOLISA UKUKHALAZA • Uxolo. • Ndicela uxolo ngokuthetha oku kodwa............. • Ndicela uxolo ngoku........... • Ndicela uxolo ngokukuphazamisa, kodwa................. • Ndiyaxolisa.......... • Mhlawumbi ulibele uku............................ • Ndicela undixolele ngoku................... • Ndicinga unokuba ulibele uku................... • Ndiyaxolisa ngoku................. • Ndicela uxolo bekungafanelekanga ukuba nditsho, kodwa.......................... • Ndicela uxolo. • Ndicinga ukuba asiqondananga ngokuba...................... • Ndixolele. • Ungandivi kakubi, kodwa.............. • Ndicela undixolele. CAPS 25
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 UKUNIKA INGCEBISO UKUXELA OKUTHANDAYO • Andiqondi ukuba kufanele ukuba u.......... • Ndingathanda ukuba u...................... • Kufanele ukuba u.................. • Kungangcono ndi..................... • Akufanelekanga ukuba u.................. • Kutheni singa............ ? • Ukuba bendinguwe, bendinga................ • Ngoko ke, ndingathanda............ Ucinga ntoni? • Ukuba bendikule ndawo ukuyo, bendinga................ • Ucinga ukuba sifanele senze ntoni? • Ukuba bendisezihlangwini zakho, bendinga................ • Ukuba bekuya ngokwam bendinga......................... • Kungangcono ukuba u............ • Ndicinga ukuba kufanele ukuba si................ • Akufanelekanga ukuba u............... • Nokuba wenzani, musa uku............ UKUQIKELELA, UKUZIGQIBELA NGENTO UKUNIKA INGCOMBOLO YOLWAZI ENGACACANGA • Ndingathi sele eza kulungela uku............ • Zimalunga.................. • Ingafuna i............... • Ziqikeleleka ukuba zimalunga.................. • Ingangu............... • Zininzi kakhulu ii............. Kuqikeleleka ukuya kutsho kwezi....... • Ibonakala ngokungathi............... • Ithande ukufana ne.............. • Mhlawumbi ufuna............. • Ludidi lwe................... • Mhlawumbi bafuna.............. • Zithande ukufana................................ • Kunzima ukutsho, kodwa ndingathi.......... • Kunzima ukutsho, kodwa ndingaqikelela ndithi.......... • Andiqinisekanga ncam, kodwa ndicinga ukuba...... • Andiqinisekanga ncam, kodwa ndicinga ukuba...... UKUVALELISA UKUZIPHONONONGA Iihambo ezinde, iiholide, iihambo ezimfutshane • Oku kusebenze kakuhle kakhulu kuba........... • Uhambe kakuhle. • Ndikwenze kakuhle oku kuba.............. • Uyonwabele iholide yakho. • Bekuya kuba ngcono ukuba bendi................... • Uzonwabele iiholide zakho. • Oku kungaphucuka ngoku..................... • Wonwabe! • Ikhona inkqubela phambili kuba.......... • Ube nexesha elimnandi e (indawo efana nendawo • Oku kuyaphumelela kuba....... yokutyela) • Ube nexesha elimnandi e (igama ledolophu) UKUBULISA EMVA KOHAMBO • Ibinjani iholide yakho...... ? • Ubulonwabele ixesha lakho e (kuloo ndawo) ? • Belunjani uhambo lwakho? 3.1.2 Ukufunda nokubukela Izakhono eziphuhlisekileyo zokufunda nokubukela ngundoqo ekufundeni kuzo zonke izifundo. Abafundi bakhulisa ukufunda nokubukela ngokuqiniseka uluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi zoncwadi nezingezizo ezoncwadi, kuquka neetekisi ezibonwayo. Abafundi baqaphela indlela uhlobo lwetekisi kunye nolwimi ezithi zibonise ngayo injongo, abaphulaphuli kunye nomxholo weetekisi. Abafundi bayaqiqa bacinge nzulu ngokuthi bafunde eklasini naxa befunda ngokuzimeleyo. Ukufunda/ukubukela kudibanisa imiba emibini: 1) ukufunda nokusebenzisa iindlela zokucazulula nokuqonda itekisi 2) ukufunda nokusebenzisa ulwazi lweempawu zetekisi. Yomibini le miba kufuneka ibe khona kumyalelo wokufunda/ wokubukela iitekisi zoncwadi nezingezizo ezoncwadi. 26 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Umxholo wokufunda/wokubukela ulungelelaniswe: 1) ekufundeleni ukuqonda 2) ekufundeleni ukufunda okusesikweni (uncwadi olumiselweyo) kunye 3) nokuzifundela uwedwa okwandisiweyo. Inkqubo nobuchule bokufunda Umyalelo wokufunda unokubandakanya amanqanaba amathathu awandisa ukuqondisisa itekisi. La manqanaba ale nkqubo akayi kusetyenziswa ngalo lonke ixesha kufundwa. Umzekelo, xa abafundi befunda udidi lwetekisi okanye loncwadi olungaqhelekanga kubo okanye abaqalayo ukudibana nalo kuya kufuneka benze umsebenzi waphambi kokufunda obabonisa iimpawu eziphambili zolu hlobo lwetekisi, loo nto ibancedisa ekunxulumaniseni oko kubhaliweyo kwitekisi namava abo. Imisebenzi yangexesha lokufunda ixhobisa abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukuhlalutya isakhiwo sayo kunye neempawu zolwimi ngokunzulu. Umsebenzi wasemva kokufunda usenokhuthaza abafundi ukuba babhale ngokwabo udidi loncwadi ngetekisi ebhaliweyo abaziyilele ngokwabo. • Inkqubo yaphambi kokufunda • Inkqubo yangeli xesha ufundayo • Inkqubo yasemva kokufunda Inkqubo yaphambi kokufunda Abafundi bangalungiselelwa ukufunda itekisi ngeendlela ezininzi kuxhomekekwe kuhlobo lwetekisi kunye nomgangatho wokuqiqa womfundi. Ivuselela unxulumano nolwazi lwangaphambili. • Abafundi bakhuthazwa ukuba baxoxe ngabakulindeleyo kwitekisi ngokubhekiselele kulwazi oluhambisana nemifanekiso okanye iifoto, uhlobo lwetekisi, uyilo, iphepha elibhalwe isihloko nombhali wencwadi, isiqulatho, izahluko, uluhlu lweenkcazelo magama olusetyenzisiweyo, isalathiso sencwadi, isihlomelo, iingcaciso eziba sekupheleni kwephepha. • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza nangokukrwaqula iimpawu zetekisi, umz: isihloko setekisi, izahluko, izahlukwana, iinkcukacha zezinto ezibonakalayo nemizobo, umz. Ifonti nokudwelisa ngamanani, isalathiso, imizobo, itshathi, ingcaciso yemifanekiso, imibhalo ebhalwe ngqindilili, imibhalo ekekeleyo, izihloko, izihlokwana, nezinye iimpawu ezifumaneka kwitekisi ngokwahlukana, iimephu, iimenyu ezivela zisehla wakuzicofa ekhompyutheni, ukukhangela ngegama elingundoqo (ekhompyutheni) njalo njalo. • Ukukrwaqula nokubalekisa amehlo ukhangela iindawo ezithile zencwadi, umz. Isihloko, isalathiso, izahluko, uluhlu lwamagama, i-indeksi, isihlomelo, iingcaciso eziba sekupheleni kwephepha • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula ingcinga ephambili, nokunika izimvo zakho kwingxoxo yaphambi kokufunda • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ukufumana izimvo ezixhasa uluvo oluphambili. • Ukuqikelela usebenzisa iinkcukacha ozifumene ngethuba ufunda ngokukhawuleza CAPS 27
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Inkqubo yangeli xesha ufundayo • Ukuqikelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso ngokusebenzisa izakhono zokufunda amagama amatsha nomxholo • Ukuphinda ufunde kwakhona/ukuphonononga • Ukuzoba umfanekiso ngqondweni • Ukuqonda intsingiselo (uzalwano, umxholo, ulwakhiwo lwamagama, njl-njl.) • Ukubuza nokuphendula imibuzo • Ukuthatha amanqaku (ingcinga ephambili kunye neengcinga ezixhasayo) • Ukushwankathela ingcinga ephambili neengcinga ezixhasayo ngokwamanqaku/ngokomhlathi ngokobude obulindelekileyo. • Ukucacisa umcimbi ekufundwa ngawo • Ukwenza ingqikelelo ngokubhaliweyo • Ukuchaza/ukuphonononga iingqikelelo zombhali nokubeka izigqibo malunga netekisi Inkqubo yasemva kokufunda • Ukuphendula imibuzo emalunga netekisi ukususela kwelula ukuya kwenzima • Ukubeka izigqibo/izimvo zakho malunga netekisi • Ukuphonononga/ukuxoxa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo evakala ngazo itekisi • Ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa • Ukuphicotha/ukubhala isishwankathelo • Ukusebenzisa itekisa ukufunda ulwimi nesigama, umz. Ukubhala itekisi ngokutsha usebenzisa elinye ixesha, njengexesha elizayo • Ukuzakhela olwakhe uhlobo loncwadi (apho kunokwenzeka) • Ulwazi olunzulu lolwimi: -- Ukwahlula phakathi kolwazi oluyinyani noluvo -- Intsingiselo ngqo nebekwe ngokumayana -- Intsingiselo eyiyo necingelwayo -- Ulwazi oluthile lwezentlalo nopolitiko kunye nezenkcubeko olumalunga neetekisi kunye nombhali -- Ifuthe lokukhethwa nokushiywa kokuthile kwintsingiselo -- Unxulumano phakathi kolwimi namagunya 28 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 -- Ulwimi olunovakalelo nolulukuhlayo, olunomkhethe, olubonisa ukuthanda icala elithile, olunocalu-calulo, olusekelwe kwizimvo ezibethelelekileyo, iilwimi zengingqi, iingqikelelo, iingxoxo, injongo yokufaka okanye ukungafaki ulwazi oluthile -- Ukwenza iitekisi ezintsha, oko kuthi, ukutshintsha isincoko esibalisayo sibe ngumdlalo, ingxoxo; sebenzisa itekisi ukufunda ulwimi nesigama, umz: ukubhala ngokutsha usebenzsa elinye ixesha. Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo (uluhlu lweetekisi eziyimizobo nezibonwayo): Abafundi abaninzi bafumana ulwazi ngokuphanda kwiintanethi endaweni yencwadi. Ilitherasi yokubonwayo yinkalo ebalulekileyo yesifundo, yaye ikhompyutha ngumthombo otyebileyo wolwazi. Qwalasela indlela ebaluleke ngayo indlela ekubhalwa ngayo (olumi ngayo ulwazi) kwiiwebhusayithi ezithandwayo; indlela abafaki bezibhengezo abawutsala ngayo umdla; indlela ukuhamba-hamba nombala ezidlala ngayo indima ephambili ekukulukuhleleni ukuba uye kwezinye iiwebhusayithi. • Izakhono zokucenga: ulwimi oluchukumisayo, olucengayo, oluthambekele bucala/oluqhathayo • Indlela ulwimi nemifanekiso eziveza zithundeze ngayo izithethe neendlela zokucinga, imifanekiso nolwimi olunocalu-calulo ngokwesini, ngokobuhlanga, ngokobudala okanye oluxhomekeke ekuhlutshezweni ziingcinga ezingeyonyani kodwa esele zibethelelekile ezingqondweni ngakumbi kwizibhengezo • Ifuthe lokusetyenziswa kweendidi zeefonti nobungakani bazo, izihloko nengcaciso yemifanekiso. • Ukuhlalutya, ukufumana intsingiselo nokuphendla uluhlu lweekhathuni/izicwili ezihlekisayo. Imisebenzi yokufunda nohlobo lomfundi olindelekileyo Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo (Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo) • Ukusetyenziswa kwethoni, ukunyuka nokuhla kwelizwi, isantya, ukujonga abaphulaphuli, indlela yokuma nezijekulo/iintshukumo zomzimba • Ukubiza amagama ngendlela engayitshintshiyo intsingiselo Ukufunda okungalungiselelwanga (ukufunda ngokuvakalayo) • Ukufunda ngokutyibilika ngokwenjongo enikiweyo • Ukubiza amagama ngendlela engatshintshi ntsingiselo • Ukusetyenziswa kwethoni, ukunyuka nokuhla kwelizwi, isantya, ukujonga abaphulaphuli, indlela yokuma nezijekulo/iintshukumo zomzimba CAPS 29
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ukufundela ukuqonda • Ukufunda itekisi ngocoselelo nangokunzulu (ukufundela ukuqonda) • Ukuqonda itekisi ngokupheleleyo - iimpawu zetekisi - izihloko zeetekisi, imizobo, iigrafu, iitshathi, imizobo, izihloko ezingaphakathi, izihlokwana, ukulandelelana ngokwamanani, iingcaciso zemifanekiso, izihloko eziphambili, isakhiwo, umzekelo, iikholam zamaphephandaba, njalo njalo • Ukubonisa ukufunda ngokuzimeleyo (ukufunda gabalala ufundela ukuzonwabisa, ulwazi nokufunda kwasesikolweni (learning)) • Ulwazi olunzulu lolwimi (ukwazi ngentsingiselo ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo yamagama nokuba ineentsingiselo nemiyalezo efihlakeleyo, umzekelo, izimvo ezibethelelekileyo kodwa ezingeyonyani, umdla neenjongo ezithambekele ecaleni zesithethi) UKUFUNDA NGOKUNZULU a) Ukufunda ngokunzulu iitekisi ezimfutshane ezibhaliweyo usenzela UKUQONDA kwizinga legama Abafundi basebenzisa iindidi ngeendidi zeendlela zokucazulula iitekisi. Bakha isigama ngokusebenzisa amagama athile nokufundisa ngawo. • Ukusebenzisa izichazi-magama, iithesarasi neminye imithombo yokwandisa ulwazi ukuqaphela intsingiselo, upelo nokuphinyiselwa (ukubizwa) kwamagama nesigaba sentetho zamagama angaqhelekanga. • Ukuchonga intsingiselo yezimaphambili nezimamva. • Ukuqaphela intsingiselo yamagama neempawu eziwafaka kumaqela athile amagama usebenzisa ulwazi lweengcambu, izimamva nezimaphambili eziqhelekileyo. • Ukusebenzisa umxholo wetekisi (umzekelo, iintsingiselo zezivakalisi), iimpawu zokubhala (umzekelo, iziphumlisi, iimpawu zocaphulo) iimpawu zokubhala ezibhalwe ekhompyutheni (umzekelo, ukubhala ngqindilili) ukukhangela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga. • Ukuqaphela usingiselo nokusetyenziswa kwezaci namaqhalo. • Ukwahlula phakathi kwentsingiselo ecingelwayo nentsingiselo ecacileyo yentsusa. • Ukuchonga imvelaphi yamagama nokusetyenziswa kwamagama amatsha umz iziyelelane, isitsotsi, amagama emboleko. • Ukwahlula phakathi kwamagama ekulula ukuwabhidanisa: Oomabizwahluke, oomabizwafane, izithethantonye. • Ukuqaphela uluhlu olubanzi lwezishunqulelo, umz iiakhronimi (amagama akhiwe ngoonobumba bokuqala bamanye amagama), oonobumba bokuqala bamagama abantu (initials) • Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwegrama ukucazulula intsingiselo. Jonga izakhiwo zolwimi - Uluhlu olubonisayo ngasezantsi. 30 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 b) Ukufunda ngokunzulu iitekisi ezimfutshane usenzela UKUQONDA kwizinga lesivakalisi nelomhlathi Abafundi basebenzisa ulwazi abanalo lolwimi ukuqonda isakhiwo sesivakalisi nokucwangciswa kweetekisi. Ukufunda itekisi kweli zinga kunika ithuba lokufundisa izakhi zolwimi ngokuhlangeneyo. • Ukuchonga, ukucacisa nokuhlalutya intsingiselo nemisebenzi yezakhi zolwimi nemigaqo kwiitekisi. Jonga Izakhi zolwimi - Uluhlu olubonisayo ngasezantsi. • Ukuchonga isakhiwo seetekisi ezisetyenziswa kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, ingcaciso, inkcazelo, unobangela nefuthe) kwikharityhulam xa iyonke ngokunxulumene namagama aguqu-guqukayo/ izibandakanyi, umz. Kwelinye icala, okokuqala, kuba). Jonga ekubhaleni/ekunikezeleni ngeendidi zetekisi ezifanelekileyo. c) Ukufunda ngokunzulu iitekisi ezimfutshane ezibhaliweyo usenzela UKUQONDA kwizinga letekisi epheleleyo Abafundi basebenzisa ulwazi abanalo ngeentlobo nakufundo lwetekisi esesikweni ukwenzela ukuqonda intsingiselo, injongo nefuthe letekisi yonke. • Ukuzalanisa itekisi namava abo. • Ukuchonga uhlobo lwetekisi nenjongo yayo, umzekelo, ingxoxo elukuhlayo. • Ukuchonga nokucacisa ingcinga yombhali neenjongo. • Ukulungelelanisa amacandelo eetekisi okanye iitekisi ezipheleleyo ukwenzela ukufikelela kwizigqibo. • Ukufikelela esigqibeni; ukuveza nokuxhasa uluvo lwakho d) Ukufunda ngokunzulu iitekisi ezimfutshane usenzela UKUSHWANKATHELA NOKUTHABATHA AMANQAKU. Abafundi basebenzisa ulwazi abanalo ngeempawu zetekisi ukushwankathela itekisi. Jonga ezi ndlela zokufunda zingasentla. • Ukukrwaqula nokubalekisa amehlo kwiingongoma eziphambili nomxholo. • Ukuhluza iingongoma eziphambili kwiinkcukacha ezizixhasayo. • Ukubhala iingongoma eziphambili ngamazwi akho. • Ukulandelelanisa izivakalisi nokusebenzisa izibandakanyi neziqhagamshelanisi ukuzidibanisa zenze itekisi e) Ukufunda ngokunzulu kwiitekisi ezimfutshane usenzela ULWAZI OLUNZULU LOLWIMI. Abafundi basebenzisa ulwazi abanalo ngendlela ulwimi olunokudala lumilisele ngayo ulwalamano phakathi komvelisi wetekisi nomfundi. Bahlalutya uluvo oluthile oluvela kwitekisi ebhaliweyo. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa/ukuphonononga ulwimi oluchukumisayo noluqhathayo. • Ukuchonga, nokuxoxa/ukuphonononga ulwimi olucalanye, oludlelelelayo noluqulathe iingcinga ezibethelelekileyo. CAPS 31
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Ukuchonga, nokuxoxa/ukuphonononga iingqikelelo nokucacisa ifuthe lazo. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngentsingiselo ecingelwayo nokuzigqibela. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngentsingiselo ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo • Ukucebisa ngenjongo yokuqukwa nokwahlulwa kolwazi • Ukuqaphela uluvo lombhali/lomvelisi f) Ukufunda ngokunzulu IITEKISI EZINEEMO EZININZI KUNYE NEETEKISI EZIBONWAYO (Iitekisi ezineemo ezininzi zisebenzisa imathiriyeli ebonwayo nebhaliweyo kwitekisi nganye, umzekelo, izibhengezo, iikhathuni. Oku kungadityaniswa nolwimi oluthethwayo nezijekulo). Abafundi basebenzisa ulwazi abanalo ngemifanekiso nezibonwayo ukuqonda indlela ezincedisa ngayo ekubhaleni iitekisi zemalthimidiya. Abafundi basebenzisa ulwazi olunzulu lolwimi lwefilim ukuqonda nokuqwalasela izinto zetekisi ezibonwayo nefuthe lazo. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngendlela izinto ezibonwayo ezihlanganiswe ngayo kwitekisi ebhaliweyo kwiitekisi zemalthimidiya, umzekelo, inkangeleko, imifanekiso, ingcombolo yolwazi. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngenjongo nomyalezo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo ukhangela ulwazi, umzekelo, iigrafu, iitheyibhile, iidotyhumentari, iitshathi, iimephu. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngomyalezo nokusebenza ngokukuko kwezinto ezibonwayo zezibhengezo nobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezibhaliweyo nezibonwayo. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngenjongo nomyalezo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo ezibonisa ulwalamano, umzekelo, ubungqina boyilo, imizobo, iiphayi-tshathi, iimephu, izicwangciso. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngenjongo, iimpawu zobugcisa noyilo lweetekisi ezibonwayo ezenzelwe iinjongo ezithile zoyilo, umzekelo, iifoto, ifilim, uyilo. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngenjongo nomyalezo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo kusenzelwa ukuzonwabisa nokuziyolisa, umzekelo, ifilim, iikhathuni, iividiyo zomculo, izicwili ezihlekisayo. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngomyalezo nokusebenza ngokukuko kweetekisi ezibonwayo ezixhasa ukuthetha, umzekelo, iipowusta, imizobo, idatha projektha. • (Kufundo lokuzixhobisa lwefilim kuphela) Ukuchonga, ukuqonda, ukuhlalutya nokuphonononga ulwalamano phakathi kwesandi, intetho, isiganeko nezinto ezibonwayo kwifilim nezinye iisimo zokuviwa-kubonwa UKUFUNDA OKUSESIKWENI KWEETEKISI ZONCWADI Abafundi bafunda, baphonononge baze baphendule ngeempawu zobugcisa kwitekisi yoncwadi. Basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo olunzulu ngesigama esisetyenziswa xa kuthethwa ngoncwadi ukwenzela ukuba babe nolwazi olunzulileyo ngeetekisi zoncwadi. 32 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 QAPHELA: Ugxininiso kufundo lwetekisi esesikweni luza kutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwiincwadi ezimiselweyo/itekisi echongiweyo. • Ukuqonda iimpawu eziveleleyo zeemo ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi, umzekelo, umbongo uneempawu ezahlukeneyo kwezo zenoveli. • Ukuchonga nokucacisa izafobe nezangotshe zokubhala ngokweetekisi ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, isifaniso, isikweko, isihlonipho, isimntwiso, imfanozandi, izifanadumo, ubaxo/ubabazo/ugqithiso, uchasaniso, isigqebelo, impoxo, ukudodobala kobushushu bovuthondaba, imiqondiso, ukudlala ngamagama. • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngenjongo yombhali okanye umvelisi. • Ukucacisa ngochongo nokusebenza kwesigama kwisihobe nezinto ezixhasa umxholo waso. Oku kungaquka izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso-ntelekelelo, isakhiwo nezigaba zentetho ezixhomekeke kwisandi, umz. Isingqi, isingqisho, imfano-zandi. • Ukucacisa ngochongo nokusebenza kwesigama kwidrama nendlela esiwuxhasa ngayo umxholo. Ukongeza kwizigaba zentetho nemifanekiso-ntelekelelo, kungaqukwa isakhiwo esihambelana nomxholo, uvuthondaba, ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa, izalathisi zeqonga, isigqebelo, isimo-sentlalo. • Ukucacisa ngochongo nokusebenza kwesigama kumabali amafutshane/kwiinoveli/kwiifilim nezinto ezixhasa umxholo waso. Ukongeza kwizigaba zentetho nemifanekiso-ntelekelelo, fakela indima kanobalisa, izakhiwo, umzekelo, isakhiwo, ingabula-zigcawu, ukukhula kwempixano, impixano, uvuthondaba, ukuhla kovuthondaba, utyhilo-ndaba/isisombululo, isimo sentlalo. UKUFUNDA/UKUBUKELA NGOKUZIMELEYO OKONGEZELELWEYO Abafundi basebenzisa iindlela ebezisenziwa ngexesha befunda ngokunzulu nezikwitekisi esesikweni efundwayo elungiselelwe ukufunda ngokuzimeleyo ngenjongo yokuzonwabisa nokuphanda. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba utitshala abancedise abafundi koku kulandelayo ngasezantsi: • Ukufikelela kwithala leencwadi nokwazi ngemigaqo yokugcina iincwadi. • Ukunika ubungqina bokufunda/bokubukela okongezelelweyo kwiintetho, kwiingxoxo nakwiirivyu zencwadi/ zefilim/zenkqubo. • Ukufunda/ukubukela uluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi ezipheleleyo, umzekelo, iincwadi, iimagazini, amaphephandaba, iiwebhusayithi, iifilim, iidotyhumentari, amabali aqhubekayo kamabonakude ngexesha leklasi nasemva kwexesha leklasi. CAPS 33
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Imizekelo yeendidi zemibuzo Imibuzo engolwazi Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko....... ? Xela igama............ Chaza okwenzekayo......... Ngubani othethe no...... ? Ithini intsingiselo........ ? Imibuzo yokuvavanya Ngubani umlinganiswa ophambili........ ? Nika umzekelo......... Cacisa oko ngawakho amazwi....... ukuqonda Imibuzo engokusebenzi- Ukhona omnye umzekelo ongacinga ngawo apho...... ? Uyakhumbula ukuba besikhangela sa ulwazi izihlonipho - ungasicacisa njani isihlonipho ezikulo mqolo? Imibuzo yokuhlalutya Oku kufana njani......... ? Oku kwahluke njani......... ? Nguwuphi umxholo ongundoqo apha....... ? Ucinga ntoni....... ? Imibuzo yoluphicotha Kuninzi esikufundileyo malunga nomlinganiswa oyintloko - khawukudibanise ucacise lo mlingan- iswa. Ngumntu onjani? Imibuzo Kuluncedo kanjani........ ? Ikhona enye indlela engcono........ ? Uthanda eyiphi imibongo kule yokuphonononga mibini? Kuba kutheni? Ukukhetha uhlobo lwetekisi okanye loncwadi Ootitshala kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba abafundi bafunda uluhlu lweetekisi neentlobo zoncwadi apha enyakeni. Kufuneka kubekho uhambelwano phakathi kweetekisi ezimfutshane nezinde naphakathi kokufundela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, ukufundela ukuxabisa (ukufunda itekisi ngokusesikweni xa kufundwa uncwadi) iitekisi ezisasazwa ngokubanzi kumajelo osasazo, iitekisi ezibonwayo ezilungiselelwe ukonwatyelwa (Jonga “Iitekisi ezityenziswayo ekufundiseni izakhono ezidityanisiweyo zolwimi”). IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIFUNDWAYO Isihobe Mibini imibuzo afanele ukuzibuza yona umfundi xa efunda isihobe: Kuthethwa ngantoni? Ndazi kanjani? Umbuzo wesibini wongeza kulo wokuqala, owokuqala ukuxhobisa ngokuza kuvezwa ngowesibini. Bonke ababhali boncwadi babhala kuba benento yokuthetha - into enomtsalane nebalulekileyo kwelo qela labantu balibhalelayo. Itekisi siyifundela ukuxhasa, ukucacisa, ukutyhila oko umbhali akuthethayo kuthi. Lo msebenzi uquka ukujonga ukusetyenziswa kolwimi, ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi, iivesi nemibongo ngokubanzi, ukukhethwa kwemifanekiso, isingqisho, isandi; seemvakalelo ezivuselelwa yiloo mifanekiso-ngqondweni. Konke oku ziinzame zokufikelela kwisigqibo esibalulekileyo esibonisa ukuba imbongi ifuna ukuthini. Kunqabile ukuba kubekho isigqibo ekufundweni kombongo osemgangathweni. Ezi zinto zidweliswe apha ngezantsi ziza kukwenza ukuba uwazi umyalezo: • Intsingiselo ecacileyo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umongo nomyalezo • Imifanekiso-ngqondweni • Izafobe, imifanekiso-ntelekelelo, uchongo lwamagama, uhlalutyo, ithoni, imibuzo-buciko, uvakalelo, imiqolo, isigama, izitanza, isingqisho, iimpawu zokubhala, uphinda-phindo, imfanozandi, ienjambamenti 34 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIFUNDWAYO Idrama/umdlalo Idrama ayingomagama nolwimi nje kuphela: yintshukumo, ilizwi, ukukhanya nobumnyama, intsebenziswano nentetho, ukwenziwa komdlalo eqongeni. Indlela oqhubeka ngayo umdlalo ibalulekile, indlela abadlali abadlala ngayo, benza ntoni? Abathethi nini? Inkangeleko yobuso iyitshintsha njani intsingiselo yomqolo? - konke oku kuyalahleka xa umdlalo uwufunda njengenoveli. Noxa kunjalo akulunganga ukubonisa ividiyo yomdlalo ungekayifundisi/abafundi bengakayifundi ngokupheleleyo, bayixoxe ze bayidlale eklasini. Ngaphandle koko ividiyo ingawona (ingawonakalisa) umdlalo, kuncinci okuthi konakalise indlela eqondwa ngayo intsingiselo. Ingqikelelo idlala indima enkulu ekufundweni komdlalo. Ukuba nombono wokuba abadlali banjani, imiqolo mingaphi, isithethi sithetha into eyiyo na, zezona zinto zidlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni ngedrama eklasini. Isakhiwo nezakhiwana, iindima yabalinganiswa, ukubunjwa kwabo, isimo sentlalo nengabula-zigcawu (kuphela apho iya kuba yimfuneko ukuze uqondwe umdlalo), isantya, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso nemifanekiso-ngqondweni, ubuchule bedrama obufana nokuthetha yedwa komlinganiswa; isigqebelo sedrama, izalathisi zaseqongeni, isihlekiso, ulunqa/ukuxhalaba (tension) intlekele okanye impoxo, zonke izithako zohlalutyo zibalulekile ukuba zifundwe xa kuhlalutywa idrama. Oku kulandelayo kukhulisa ulwazi lwabafundi malunga netekisi: • Isakhiwo nesakhiwana (intshayelelo, ukukhula kwempixano, ungquzulwano, uvuthondaba, ukuhla kwempixano/ukusombuluka kwezinto nesiphelo, uphuphelo (foreshadowing) nosingiselo kwisiganeko esigqithileyo (flashback) • Ukuzotywa/ukubunjwa kwabalinganiswa • Indima yombalisi/unobalisa/uluvo lwakhe • Umongo nomyalezo • Imvelaphi nesimo sentlalo - ngokunxulumene nomlinganiswa nomxholo • Isakhiwo sedrama: Isakhiwo, isakhiwana (Intshayelelo/ingabula-zigcawu, ukukhula kwempixano, uvuthondaba) • Isimo nethowuni/imvakalozwi • Isigqebelo/isiphelo esisisothuso (ironic twist/ending) • Izalathisi zaseqongeni • Unxulumano phakathi kwencoko yababini/incoko yoyedwa kunye nesiganeko • Isigqebelo sedrama (dramatic irony) • Ixesha lokulandelelana kweziganeko (timeline) Ufundo lwefilim Ufundo lwefilim aluyonto inye nokufunda inoveli. Nangona ukufundwa kwefilm kunokuthatha indlela (abafundi enye nokufundwa kwedrama nenoveli, ‘ubuchule bomatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya’ bayifundisela (cinematographic techniques) obudweliswe apha ngaphantsi bufuna uqwalaselo olulodwa. ‘Ukufunda’ ukwandisa ifilim ngovakalelo nangokuchanekileyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni umbukeli uziqwalasele kangakanani na ulwazi hayi izinto ezifana nezi: ukuhlela, ukohlula Izitanza (cutting) ukufota (camera shots), indibaniso yeminye ukuhlolwa) imifanekiso ukwenza umfanekiso omtsha (montage), umboniso (mis-en-scene) umculo, isinxibo, ukukhanya kunye nesandi. Ukukwazi ukufunda ifilim kwesi isigaba kukhulisa lowo uyibukelayo: kumthatha kumbeke kumgangatho ongasentla ofana nokwazi ukuba abo bathatha inxaxheba, abafana nomphathi (director), umhleli, benza njani ukulawula uvakalelo lwethu ngaloo nto siyibukeleyo. • Ingxoxo yababini kunye nesenzo nonxulumano kubadlali nomxholo • Umxholo, umxholwana, ukuzotywa kwabadlali, ungquzulwana, injongo yomdlalo, isigqebelo sedrama, isigqebelo esisisothuso nesiphelo • Isakhiwo somdlalo nezalathisi zeqonga • Umyalezo nomxholo nendlela ezithungelana ngayo kwitekisi • Ubuchule bomatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya (cinematographic techniques) (obubonwayo, obuviwayo nobuviwa-bubonwa) obufana nokusetyenziswa kombala, ukubhalwa kwentetho yesithethi (subtitle), ukwakheka, Ingxoxo yababini, umculo, isandi, ukukhanya, ukuhlela, okuvela emfanekisweni wabadlali (framing), indlela yokufota, ubuchule bekhamera, ukuhambisa ikhamera, ukufotela kufutshane nokufotela kude abadlali okanye indawo ekwifilim. CAPS 35
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIFUNDWAYO Inoveli, amabali Amabali (inoveli, ibali elifutshane namabali emveli) afuna ukufundwa, ukuxoxwa nokonwatyelwa. amafutshane, Ukufunda itekisi ngokuvakalayo eklasini kunexabiso elikhulu ngakumbi xa abafundi bengakuthandi amabali emveli okanye besonqena ukufunda. Funda ngokukhawuleza ugcine umdla ngokulinganisa okanye (Iintsomi, ngokuthelekelela, ukujongisisa nokuxabisa. Imisebenzi elula efana nesishwankathelo esiqikelelwayo amabali (ukushwankathela ibali ngokwale ndawo sele ifundiwe, ushwankathelela umhlobo ngamagama alinani angamaqhawe, elithile; ukugcina umzobo obonwayo apho eklasini; ukuvula ifayile yabalinganiswa abaphambili) ibenza iintsomi abafundi baliqonde ngokukhawuleza ibali. Emva kokuyifunda okokuqala incwadi, abafundi kufuneka bazi ezingembali) umahluko phakathi kokubalisa (kwenzekani emva koku?) nesakhiwo (kutheni kwenzeke oku?); ukuze bacinge ngeentsingiselo ezilindelekileyo nokuhlalutywa kwebali; bajonge indlela umbhali alusebenzise ngayo ulwimi ukuzoba abalinganiswa (ingcaciso nentetho ngqo); indlela abaphethene ngayo abalinganiswa; isimo sentlalo (ulwimi oluchazayo, ukrobiso olwenzeka kwinoveli); nokuzama ukujonga iimbono, iingcinga neendlela zokucinga ezifihlakeleyo esekwe phezu kwayo inoveli xa iyonke. Zonke iinkcubeko, noninzi lwabantu, ziphila ubomi obuzele ngamabali. Nokuba wenzani utitshala ngenoveli namabali eklasini, okubalulekileyo kukuba abafundi mabalonwabele ukuze lihlale lihleli ezingqondweni zabo. Oku kulandelayo kukhulisa ulwazi lwabafundi malunga ngetekisi: • Uhlobo loncwadi neendidi • Isakhiwo nesakhiwana (intshayelelo, ukukhula kwempixano, uvuthondaba, nesiphelo, uphuphelelo (foreshadowing), usingiselo kwisiganeko esigqithileyo (flashback) • Impixano • Abalinganiswa • Ukuzotywa/ukubunjwa kwabalinganiswa • Indima yombalisi/kanobalisa • Imiyalezo nemixholo • Imvelaphi nesimo sentlalo ngokunxulumene nomlinganiswa nomxholo • Ukuhlalutya, Isimo, isigqebelo/isiphelo esisisothuso • Ulunqa nezothuso Ezinye iitekisi Iipowusta, iitshathi, iimephu, iigrafu, iikhathuni, iimagazini, amaphephandaba, iiwebhusayithi, iifilim, ezifundwayo iidotyhumentari, uchunge-chunge lomdlalo kamabona-kude ngexesha lesikolo nasemva kokuphuma kwesikolo. Ubude beetekisi ezifundwayo Itekisi Ibanga lesi-7 Ibanga lesi-7 Ibanga lesi-7 Iitekisi zokufunda Izivakalisi ezi-5 - 6 Izivakalisi ezi-5 - 8 Izivakalisi ezi-5 - 10 ngokuvakalayo Umhlathi om-1 Imihlathi emi-2 Imihlathi emi-3 Iitekisi zokufundela ukuqonda/ Amagama Amagama Amagama ukufunda ngokunzulu angama-300-350 angama-350-400 angama-400-450 Ukufunda ngokuzimeleyo Isihobe, ibali elifutshane, Isihobe, ibali elifutshane, Isihobe, ibali elifutshane, uncwadi lwemveli, inoveli uncwadi lwemveli, inoveli uncwadi lwemveli, inoveli nedrama - ngaloo ndlela nedrama - ngaloo ndlela nedrama - ngaloo ndlela ibekwe yiCAPS kunye ibekwe yiCAPS kunye ibekwe yiCAPS kunye neetekisi ezingezizo neetekisi ezingezizo neetekisi ezingezizo ezoncwadi ezoncwadi ezoncwadi Isishwankathelo Amagama angama-60-70 Amagama angama-60-70 Amagama angama-60-70 kwitekisi enamagama kwitekisi enamagama kwitekisi enamagama angama-240 angama-250 angama-270 36 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IITEKISI EZISETYENZISWAYO EKUFUNDISENI IZAKHONO EZIDITYANISIWEYO ZOLWIMI KWISIGABA ESIPHEZULU (IBANGA LESI-7 - 9) Ukongeza kwiitekisi zoncwadi zokufunda okusesikweni, iindidi zoncwadi eziya kufundwa ukususela kwiBanga 7 - 9 ziquka iitekisi ezibhaliweyo, ezibonwayo nezemalthimidiya ezineenjongo ngeenjongo. Ezinye iitekisi ziya kufundelwa umgangatho wokonwabeleka kwazo; ezinye iitekisi zifundwe njengemizekelo yeendidi zoncwadi nangezikhokelo (iimodeli) zokubhala. Iitekisi zoncwadi zokufunda Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zolwazi Iitekisi zemaltimidiya/iitekisi okusesikweni. Uluhlu ekufuneka ezibonwayo zolwazi Izichazi-magama lufundwe kwisigaba esiphezulu xa Iitshathi, iimephu sisonke Iiensayiklophidiya Iigrafu, iitheyibhile, iiphayi-tshathi Iindidi zoncwadi ezimiselweyo Izicwangciso zamaxesha Izazobe zokucinga (imephu Isihobe Iincwadi zeminxeba yengqondo), imizobo (ibanga lesi-7 - imibongo esi-5-8) Iincwadi zabafundi zokufunda / zolwimi Iipowusta (ibanga lesi-8 - imibongo eli-8-10) Iithesarasi Iiflaya, iiphamflethi, iibrowutsha (ibanga le-9 - imibongo eli-10-12) Iithayimtheyibhile Izalathisi (signs) neesimboli Inoveli Izikhokelo zeenkqubo zikamabonakude Iidotyhumentari zikamabonakude (ibanga lesi-7 - amaphepha angama-30 Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zemidiya Iiwebhupheyiji, iisayithi zeintanethi, - 40) Amanqaku eemagazini iiblogu (ibanga lesi-8 - amaphepha angama-40 Amanqaku amaphephandaba Ifacebook nezinye iinethiwekhi - 50) zonxibelelwano Eziya kumhleli (ibanga le-9 - amaphepha angama-50 Uboniso lwedatha eludongeni (Data - 60) Izaziso projection) Amabali amafutshwane Izibhengezo Amacwecwe eprojektha (iitransparensi) (ibanga lesi-7 - amabali ama-4 - 5 - Iitekisi eziviwayo ezibhaliweyo Iitekisi zemaltimidiya/iitekisi amaphepha ama-3 - 5 kwibali ngalinye) Iingxoxo zababini ezibonwayo ezenzelwa ukuxabisa (ibanga lesi-8 - amabali ama-5 - 7 - Iintetho Iifilim amaphepha ama-3 - 5 kwibali ngalinye) Iingoma Iifoto (ibanga le-9 - amabali asi-7 - 10 - amaphepha ama-3 - 5 kwibali ngalinye) Iziqhulo Imizobo Uncwadi lwemveli Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo Iitekisi zemaltimidiya/iitekisi zoqhagamshelwano nonxibelelwano ezibonwayo ezenzelwa ukwandisa (ibanga lesi-7 - amabali ama-4 - 5 - ulwazi nokuzonwabisa amaphepha ama-3 - 5 kwibali ngalinye) Iileta Iifilim (ibanga lesi-8 - amabali ama-5 - 7 - Iidayari amaphepha ama-3 - 5 kwibali ngalinye) Iinkqubo zikamabonakude Izimemo (ibanga le-9 - amabali ama-7 - 10 - Iividiyo zomculo amaphepha ama-3 - 5 kwibali ngalinye) Ii-imeyile Iikhathuni, iicaricature Idrama Imiyalezo ebhalwayo yefowuni (ii-sms), itwitter Izicwili zezihlekiso / iikhathuni (ibanga lesi-7 - Umdlalo ondima-1 - 2 - Amanqaku abhaliweyo (iinowuthsi) Iziqhulo (ezizotyiweyo) amaphepha ali-10 - 20) Iingxoxo Imizobo ekroliweyo (iigraffiti) (ibanga lesi-8 - Umdlalo ondima-2 - 3 - amaphepha angama-20 - 30 pages) Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zokuthetha Iitekisi eziphulaphulwayo (ibanga le-9 - Umdlalo ondima-3 - 5 - nabantu kushishino Iinkqubo zerediyo amaphepha angama-30 - 50) Iileta ezisesikweni Ukufundwa kweedrama Ezokwandisa ulwazi I-Ajenda nemizuzu Ukufundwa kweenoveli namabali Iifilim amafutshane Amabali akhethiweyo aqhubekayo Iintetho ezirekhodiweyo kamabonakude/iidotyhumentari Izibhengezo zerediyo, Imidlalo yerediyo zikamabonakude, zamaphephandaba nezeemagazini Izincoko CAPS 37
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 3. 1. 3 Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala sisixhobo esinamandla sonxibelelwano esivumela abafundi ukuba bayile baze badlulise ulwazi neengcinga ngokundindeneyo. Ukusoloko befumana ithuba lokubhala kuluhlu lwemixholo, imisebenzi nezifundo kwenza abafundi bakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokusebenzayo nangokunobugcisa. Ukubhala okwenziwa ngokwamazinga ngamazinga (kuqalwa kokulula kuye kungenwa kokunzima) kusetyenziswa izakhelo zokubhala (ngelo xesha zifuneka ngalo), kukhupha ababhali ababalaseleyo, nabanokubhala ngemiba ngemiba nabaya kukwazi ukusebenzisa izakhono zabo ukuphuhlisa nokunika iitekisi ezifanelekileyo, ezibonwayo nezemaltimidiya ezilungiselelwe uluhlu lweenjongo. Ukubhala kubalulekile kuba kwenza abafundi bakwazi ukucinga ngegrama nopelo. Kukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bacingisise malunga nolwimi, kukhawulezisa ukuqondwa kolwimi kukwandisa ukuchaneka kokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Kwizigaba ezidlulileyo abafundi bafunde ukubhala uluhlu lweetekisi zoyilo nezolwazi, besebenzisa izakhelo zokubhala njengenkxaso. Abafundi besigaba esiphezulu kulindeleke ukuba babhale iintlobo ezithile zeetekisi ngokuzimeleyo. Baya kuphinda basebenzise nenkqubo yokubhala ukwenzela ukuvelisa iitekisi ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle, ezisebenzisa igrama ngokuchanekileyo. Inkqubo neendlela zokubhala/ubuchule bokubhala Ukubhala ngokukuko sisakhono esifuna ukuphuhliswa sixhaswe. Nangona ukufunda kungumthombo obalulekileyo wokufakwa kolwazi engqondweni, kusetyenziswa ukubhala ukuphuhlisa isakhono sokubhala. Umyalelo wokubhala uya kuquka ukusebenza ulandela inkqubo yokubhala. Noko kunjalo, akunyanzelekanga ukuba kusetyenziswe onke amanqanaba enkqubo yokubhala ngalo lonke ixesha. Umzekelo, ukuba umfundi ubhala uhlobo lwetekisi alwaziyo, akuyi kufuneka ukuba asihlalutye kakhulu isakhiwo sayo neempawu zolwimi. Kusenokubakho amaxesha apho ootitshala kuya kufuneka bajonge kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwezivakalisi okanye ukubhalwa kwemihlathi, okanye abafundi babhale iitekisi ezingenazidrafti xa belungiselela uviwo. Inkqubo yokubhala inala manqanaba alandelayo: • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala • Ukuyila/Ukwenza iidrafti • Ukuhlaziya • Ukuhlela • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ukunikezela Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala • Ukuhlalutya isakhiwo, iimpawu zolwimi nolwimi olusetyenzisiweyo kuhlobo lwetekisi olukhethiweyo • Thatha isigqibo malunga nenjongo kunye nabaphulaphuli betekisi eza kubhalwa kunye/okanye iyilwe • Ukugqala iimfuno zesakhiwo, indlela yokubhala, icala elithatyathwayo okanye uluvo malunga noko abhala ngako • Ukujula izimvo usebenzisa, umzekelo, izazobe zokucinga (imephu yengqondo), izintlu zeewebhu-sigcawu, iiflowu-tshathi okanye izintlu • Ukuphanda kwimithombo efanelekileyo, uchonge ulwazi olufanelekileyo onokulusebenzisa 38 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ukuyila/Ukwenza iidrafti • Ukusebenzisa izimvo ezingundoqo nezixhasayo ozifumene ngoku ubucwangcisa • Ukwenza idrafti yokuqala uthathele ingqalelo injongo, abafundi bayo, isihloko nohlobo loncwadi • Ukuqaphela uchongo lwamagama ngokusebenzisa amagama, amabinzana neentetho ezifanelekileyo, ezichazayo nezivuselelayo ukwenza loo nto uyibhalileyo icace yaye ichaneke • Ukubonisa uluvo lwakho ngokucacisa izithethe, iinkolelo namava • Ukukhangela uluvo nohlobo lokubhala ngokulungiselela ulwimi nethoni eza kufanela abo baza kufunda loo nto ibhaliweyo kunye nenjongo yokubhala • Ukufunda iidrafti ngokunzulu nokufumana izimvo zabanye (oogxa bakho baseklasini) malunga naloo nto uyibhalileyo; • Ukubhala iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zaloo tekisi ifunekayo (usebenzisa ucaphulo ukuxhasa izimvo zakho) Ukuhlaziya, ukuhlela, ukulungisa iziphene nokunikezela ngokubhaliweyo • Ukusebenzisa imilinganiselo emiselweyo ukuphendla umsebenzi wakho nowabanye usenzela ukuwuphucula. • Ukuphucula uchongo lwesigama, isakhiwo sezivakalisi nemihlathi (ukufaka ulwazi olongezelelweyo nokusebenzisa amagama afanelekielyo) • Ukusebenzisa ulandelelana nokudityaniswa kwemihlathi • Ukususa ubumbolombini, isigama esingongezi ntsingiselo, uphinda-phindo olungafuneki nganto, ulwimi olungafanelekanga nolwimi oluthukayo • Ukuphonononga umxholo, indlela yokubhala nolwimi olufanelekileyo • Ukusebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala, upelo negrama ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo • Ukubhala idrafti yokugqibela equka ukuma okufanelekileyo, umzekelo izihloko neefonti • Ukungenisa itekisi oyibhalileyo Izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi kwinkqubo yokubhala Abafundi baza kufunda indlela olusetyenziswa ngayo ulwimi, baze bafunde ulwimi olusetyenziswa xa kuthethwa ngolwimi (‘ulwimi olucacisa ulwimi’), ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukuphonononga iitekisi zabo nezinye ngokunzulu ngokwentsingiselo, ukufaneleka nokuchaneka. Baza kukwazi nokusebenzisa olu lwazi ukuziqhelanisa nolwimi ekwakheni intsingiselo ukususela kwinqanaba lamagama, elezivakalisi ukuya kweletekisi xa iyonke, kunye nokujonga ukuba itekisi izalana njani nomxholo wetekisi. Ngokusebenza ngoluhlu lweetekisi, abafundi bandisa ukusebenzisa kwabo isigama nokusebenzisa kwabo abakuqondayo malunga nezakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Ulwazi lwezakhi nemigaqo yolwimi luya kwenza abafundi bakwazi ukuvelisa iitekisi ezindindeneyo neziluqilima. Izakhi zolwimi kufuneka zifundiselwe ukwakha iitekisi ngokusemxholweni wokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezakhi zolwimi makungaphelelei ekuhlalutyeni izivakalisi ezizimeleyo. Kufuneka kucacise indlela izivakalisi CAPS 39
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ezakhiwa ngayo izivakalisi nokwakha iitekisi ezipheleleyo ezifana namabali, izincoko, iileta neegxelo abafunda ukuzifunda nokuzibhala abafundi esikolweni. Imigaqo yolwimi (Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo) • Ukusebenzisa izithuba, oonobumba abakhulu, iziphumlisi (iikoma), iimpawu zocaphulo, ikholoni, ukrwelelo lwamagama, ubhalo ngokukekeleyo, iqhagamshela, ubhalo ngokungqindilili, iisemikholoni, iideshi, izimeli- nobumba, izibiyeli • Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lweendlela nemigaqo yokupela amagama ngokukuko nangokuchanekileyo: -- Ulwazi ngokuma nemvelaphi yamagama. -- Ulwazi ngeengcambu, izimaphambili nezimamva. -- Ulwazi lwamalungu amagama. • Ukusebenzisa izichazi-magama nezixhobo zokungqininisa upelo. • Ukusebenzisa iimo zofinyezo noshuqulelo loonobumba ngokufanele uhlobo lobhalo nabantu ababhalelwayo Uchongo/ukhetho lwamagama • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezenzi, zezichazi nezihlomelo ukunika inkcukacha epheleleyo kunye nenkcazelo evakalayo xa ubhala, umz, isincoko esibalisayo nesichazayo. • Ukusebenzisa izithethantonye, izichasi, oomabizwafane, oomabizwahluke, igama elinye kwibinzana ukuvakalisa ingqiqo ethile. • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni kunye nolungekho sikweni ngokufanelekileyo. • Ukusebenzisa amagama emboleko nalungiseleweyo asuka kwezinye ilwimi. • Ukuxela okuyinyani wandule uvakalise izimvo zakho. • Ukuvakalisa intsingiselo ecacileyo, efihlakeleyo nebhekisa kokuthile/enxulumene nemeko ethile. • Ukuzenza umbhali ngokwendlela ogqithisa ngayo umyalezo. • Ukuvakalisa izimvo zakho malunga neendlela zokuphila (izithethe), iindlela zokucinga, obona ngayo izinto, olusetyenziswa ngayo ulwimi olucalanye, oluvakalisa izimvo ezibethelelekileyo, oluchukumisayo, olulukuhlayo kunye noluqhathayo, umz, kwiitekisi ezicengayo ezinjengezincoko ezixoxayo namanqaku amaphephandaba. • Ukubonisa imbeko nentlonipho ngokusebenzisa amagama athile xa ubhala iitekisi, umz. Kwingxoxo yababini nodliwano-ndlebe. • Ukusebenzisa oovimba bolwazi abanjengezichazi-magama nethesarasi ukuchonga isigama esicacileyo nesivakalayo. 40 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Irejista esetyenziswayo, isimbo sokubhala nelizwi lombhali • Ukusebenzisa irejista echanekileyo: esisekweni, esingekho sikweni, umz. Ukusebenzisa isimbo sencoko/ esingekho sikweni nomntu wokuqala kwileta yobuhlobo, ulwimi olusesikweni kwileta yaseburhulumenteni. • Ukusebenzisa isigama esinongiweyo (izafobe, izaci namaqhalo), ithoni, Isimo okanye uburharha ngokufanelekileyo. • Ukuthetha ngqo nomfundi ngendlela eyodwa nefanelekileyo. • Ukubhala ngokukholelekayo nangokuzithemba; musa ukubonakalisa ukungaluqineli uluvo lwakho. • Ukusebenzisa izimvo/iimbono ezahlukeneyo xa kukho imfuneko Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo • Ukubhala iindidi zezivakalisi ezahlukeneyo ngokobude. • Ukusebenzisa izigaba zentetho ngokukuko. • Ukusebenzisa intloko, isenzi, injongosenzi, iindidi zamaxesha, iimo zezenzi, izilandulo, intetho ngqo, ingxelo- ntetho, izixando. • Ukusebenzisa imibuzo. • Ukusebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezivakalisi umz, isivakalisi esixelayo, umbuzo, izivakalisi ezifutshane, ezimbaxa, ezixananazileyo, ezixananazileyo zimbaxa • Ukusebenzisa izibandakanyi, izimelabizo, izihlomelo, ukudibanisa izivakalisi zakho ngokukuko. • Ukusebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezimelabizo ukwenzela ukubonisa into ekujoliswe kuyo, ugxininiso, injongosenzi nokunciphisa uphinda-phindo olungeyomfuneko. • Ukucwangcisa uze ulandelelanise amagama kwizivakalisi ngokukuko. • Ukusebenzisa izivumelanisi ngokuchanekileyo Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko • Ukubhala ngokwamalungu ohlukeneyo omhlathi: isivakalisi esiyintloko, iingongoma ezingundoqo nezixhasayo, intshayelelo eyiyo, isiqu nesiphelo nesivakalisi sokuvala. • Ukubhala imihlathi neetekisi ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa amagama namabinzana afana nala alandelayo: -- Ukulandelelana kweziganeko: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu, phambi, emva, nini, de, okulandelayo, emva koko, kutshanje. -- Ingcaciso/unobangela nefuthe: ngoko ke, ngenxa yesi sizathu, emva koko, ukusukela, ngenxa, kungenxa, kulandela, ukuba kuthe…kuya kuthi…. -- Umgaqo olandelwayo: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu. -- Ukuthelekisa/ukuchasanisa: iyafana, yahlukile, incinci kule, inkulu kule, nangona, kodwa. CAPS 41
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 -- Ukubeka ngokokubaluleka: rhoqo, ekugqibeleni. -- Ucwangciswa ngokobume bendawo: ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi, ngasekhohlo, ngasekunene, njalo njalo. -- Ukubhala ngokuthe gabalala: ngeliphandle, elokugqiba. -- Umhlathi obonakalisa izinto ozikhethayo: ngokokubona kwam, inkolelo, uluvo, ukuqonda, ndicinga ukuba, ndikhetha, ndikholelwa ukuba, kubonakala ngathi, ndikhetha/ndithanda/andithandi/ndithemba/ ndibona ngathi. -- Umhlathi ocalulayo: ingohlulwa ngolu hlobo, luhlobo lwe…, ingena kwii…, yeyee…, ingena phantsi kwe… izalana ne…, inxulumene ne… -- Umhlathi ochazayo: ucaciswa kuthiwe luhlobo lomhlathi olucacisa uluvo ngendlela ebonakalisa ukungazibandakanyi kwesithethi. -- Umhlathi ophononongayo: entle/embi, echanekileyo/engachanekanga, evumelekileyo/ engavumelekanga, elungileyo/egwenxa, ibalulekileyo/ayinamsebenzi, ukucebisa, ukuphakamisa isindululo, ukuxoxa -- Umhlathi ocacisayo: ucaciswa kuthiwe luhlobo lomhlathi ocacisa uluvo ngokungakhethe cala -- Umhlathi wokuvala: ukuvala ndingathi …, ukuqukumbela…, ngelishwankathelayo…, ngokufutshane …, kucacile ukuba …, kuyabonakala ukuba …. IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO IZINCOKO Isincoko esibalisayo Amaxesha amaninzi ukubhala okubalisayo kukubekwa koluhlu lwezehlo ngendlela ethile evakalayo. Ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu zezinye zeempawu zesincoko esibalisayo: • Ukubhala ngebali/ngesiganeko esenzekileyo/isiganeko esiqwetyiweyo. • Ukubhala ibali elidlwengula umxhelo nelikholelekayo. • Kumaxesha amaninizi kusetyenziswa ixesha elidlulileyo / eladlulayo • Umhlathi wokuqala oyintshayelelo mawubhalwe ngendlela edlwengula umxhelo. • Qiniseka ngoluvo ozama ukuluveza • Qinisekisa ukuba isiphelo sesinika umdla nesingaqhelekanga • Qinisekisa ngokugcina umdla womfundi ngokusebenzisa isimbo, izafobe nentshukumo • Iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo mazigqanyiswe • Sebenzisa isigama esichazayo Isincoko esichazayo Ukuchaza kudla ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu ukwakha imeko nemo: iifilim zikwenza oku ngemifanekiso, ababhali bakwenza oku ngamazwi, apho ukhetho lwamagama lugqalwa kakhulu yintsingiselo efihlakeleyo ngaphezu kokuchaneka kwawo nentsingiselo yawo ecacileyo. • Chaza umntu/into ukwenzela ukutsala umdla nokudlwengula umxhelo womfundi ngesihloko. • Sebenzisa amagama ukudala umfanekiso. • Chonga amagama ngobunono ukwenzela ukufezekisa isiphumo sokubhalayo. • Sebenzisa imifanekiso-ntelekelelo yokubonwayo, okuvakalayo, okungcamlwayo nokuphathwayo. • Sebenzisa izigaba zentetho ngokukuko 42 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO Izincoko ezixoxayo Isincoko esixoxayo singamacala amabini aphikisanayo (‘kutheni ndikholelwa ukuba oomama banamandla ngaphezu kootata’). • Isincoko esixoxayo sidla ngokutyekela kwicala elinye; kubakho ukuxhaswa okanye ukuchaswa koluvo oluthile olukhabana nolunye kwaye oluvo ngalunye luxolelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali uphetha ethathe icala elithile apho adandalazisa khona icala awela ngakulo nesizathu sokuba enze oko. -- Ukubonisa uluvo/iingcinga ethile uze uxhase uthethelele isigqibo sakho -- Ukugcina uluvo lwakho kude kube sekugqibeleni -- Ukuzama ukukhuthaza umntu ofunda esi sincoko ukuba aveze olwakhe uluvo -- Ukuqala ngoluvo lombhali malunga nesihloko esi ngendlela ebonakalisa intsusa nexhwila umdla -- Ukunika uthotho lwezimvo ukuxhasa nokubethelela uluvo -- Ukugxininisa kwimiba exhasa OKANYE echasa uluvo othetha ngalo -- Ukubonakalisa izimvo zakho ezomeleleyo -- Ukusebenzisa izafobe ezahlukeneyo neendlela zokulukuhla -- Ukusebenzisa ulwimi oluchukumisayo -- Ukuqukumbela ngenkcazelo eyomeleleyo, ecacileyo neyanelisayo ebonakalisa uluvo lombhali. Isincoko esivelela Isincoko esivelela amacala amabini sona sixoxa ngamacala amabini akhabanayo amacala amabini ngokulinganayo kodwa umbhali uye alundandalazise olwakhe uluvo ekugqibeleni (‘Ngaba oomama banamandla ngaphezu kootata? Kunjalo kuphinde kungabinjalo, kodwa mna ndithi kunjalo’). Isincoko esivelela amacala mabini sithanda ukulungelelaniswa kwaye kuvelelwa zonke iinkalo xa kuxoxwa ngomba othile; isakhiwo saso sicwangciswa ngobunono sicacisisiswe; injongo yoko kukuba umbhali angathathi cala lithile nangona enokuluvakalisa olwakhe uluvo; kunokusetyenziswa ilwimi oluchukumisayo, iingxoxo ezinkqenkqeza phambili apha zezo zixoxelwe ngokuvokothekileyo nangokuvakalayo. Isiphelo esisulungekileyo simshiya umfundi engenantandabuzo ngoluvo lombhali. • Ukuqinisekisa ngokunika uluvo olungekho calanye noluzinzile kumacala omabini engxoxo • Ukucinga ngemiba eyahlukeneyo yesihloko ekuxoxwa ngaso • Ukuika izimvo ezikhabanayo ungathathi cala • Ingxoxo mayilingane macala omabini, elixhasayo nelichasayo • Ubhalo malube sezingqondweni luqiqeke lungakhethi cala • Ukunika iinkcazelo eziqiqisiweyo nezixhaswe ngokupheleleyo • Ukusebenzisa ithoni engachukumisiyo nekhuthazayo ungadanga wabajongela phantsi abaphulaphuli • Ukuqukumbela ngokubeka uluvo oluthile Isincoko esicamngcayo Isincoko esicamngcayo sisekelwe kuthotho lweengcinga neembono anazo umbhali malunga nesihloko esithile akukho cala lixoxelwayo kula macala mabini. Isincoko esicamngcayo simalunga nezimvo, iimbono, iingcinga neemvakalelo zombhali malunga nesihloko esithile, esidla ngokuba sisihloko avakalelwayo ngaso. Umbhali uvakalisa uluvo lwakhe. Kufuneka sibe nesakhiwo esibunjwe ngobunono nangona kungekho mfuneko yokuba isiphelo sibe sesicacisiweyo. Singasesinika umdla okanye esinobunzinginzingi. • Ukucamngca ngomba othile • Ukubonisa izenzo novakalelo oluchukumisayo • Ukubonisa icala ongakulo apho uvakalelo lwakho luthatha indawo • Ukuzama ukutyala imo novakalelo lombhali kulowo ufunda isincoko • Ukuvakalisa izimvo, iingcinga okanye uvakalelo oluphuhlisa ukunyaniseka nokuzibandakanya CAPS 43
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO Isincoko esicacisayo • Sidlulisa izimvo okanye ulwazi ngendlela eqiqisisiweyo (sesokwandisa ulwazi) • Sicacisa izimvo okanye sinike imiba ngendlela elandelelanayo • Kuphandwa izimvo zize zixhaswe ngeenyani namanani • Sicacisa imiba engaqhelekanga • Silungelelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo size siqale koko akwaziyo umfundi simse nakoko angakwaziyo • Sithanda ukubhalwa ngexesha langoku Iitekisi eziyimihlathi (zonxibelelwano) Ileta Kulindeleke ukuba babhale iileta ezichanekileyo ezisesikweni, xa kusenzeka bazithumele yaseburhulumenteni/ balindele impendulo. Iileta ezicela ulwazi oluthile malunga neemveliso, iiyunivesithi, ezohambo, esesikweni ezemisebenzi, xa zithe zathunyelwa ngokuchanekileyo zinokuphendulwa. • Abafundi baqhelanise nokubhala iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeleta ezisesikweni, umzekelo, ileta yokucela umsebenzi, ileta eya kumhleli wephepha-ndaba, ileta yesikhalazo, njalo njalo. • Mabanamathele kwimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeeleta ezisesikweni njengesimbo sokubhala nesakhiwo. • Mababhale ngolwimi oluvakalayo nolusulungekileyo. • Kufuneka bakhumbule ngabantu abababhalelayo ukuncedisana nokuba oko babhale ngako kuqondwe lula. • Indlela ababhala ngayo mayivakale, iyondelelane, icace, ibe semxholweni. • Mayibe nentshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo. • Mayibe needilesi ezimbini, eyombhali neyombhalelwa • Mayibe nesibuliso esifanelekileyo esilandela idilesi yombhalelwa • Mayibe nomqolo wesihloko olandela isibuliso yaye ukrwelelwe umgca ngaphantsi • Mabasebenzise ulwimi olwamkelekileyo. • Isiphelo esichanekileyo silandelwa yifani noonobumba-magama bombali. Ileta Nangona ukubhalwa kweleta yobuhlobo/engekho sesikweni sele kungenelelwe ziindlela yobuhlobo/ zonxibelelwano lweteknoloji, umzekelo, i-imeyile, ifeksi, umyalezo obhalwayo wefowuni (i-sms), engekho xa sibalula ezimbalwa, kusabalulekile ukuba abafundi bafundiswe ukubhalwa kweleta. Abafundi sesikweni Uluhlu lokubhalwayo kufuneka kusukele kwiileta eziqhelekileyo eziya kwizihlobo zabo zegazi nabahlobo ukuya kwiileta zobuhlobo eziya kumajelo eendaba, umzekelo. • Mababhalele abantu ababathandayo, umzekelo abahlobo, usapho, njalo njalo • Mayibhalelwe ukuvakalisa uvakalelo, umz. Ukuvuyisana, ukuvelana, ukucebisa, njalo njalo. • Mabasebenzise ulwimi olungekho sikweni ukuya kolusesikweni. • Mababhale ngolwimi oluvakalayo, olusulungekileyo nolutsala umdla. • Mabacwangcise ngokukuko baxoxe ngokukuko. • Ileta mayiqulathe intshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo. • Mayiqulathe idilesi enye, umbhali, umhla ebhalwe ngawo ngasezantsi kwayo. • Mayibandakanye isibuliso esichanekileyo esilandela idilesi yombhali • Akukho mgaqo uthile ulandelwayo ncam malunga nesiphelo kodwa silandelwa ligama lokuqala lombhali. 44 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO I-ajenda yentlanganiso Imemorandam, i-ajenda nemizuzu mazibhalwe ngokuvakalayo. Eyona indlela iphucukileyo yokufundisa abafundi ngoku kungasentla kukuba babukele ividiyo yakho okanye bazimase intlanganiso yokwenyani bathathe imizuzu, benze i-ajenda yayo bandule bathelekise i-ajenda yabo nemizuzu yabo abayenzileyo neyentlanganiso leyo yokwenyani. Xa kungenzeki oku, abafundi mabakufundiswe oku kusetyenziswa ingqikelelo yabo. Bhala i-ajenda yentlanganiso yekomiti, wandule uyalele abafundi ukuba babhale imizuzu eqikelelweyo yale ntlanganiso banamathele kwi-ajenda yakho. • Xela okuza kuxoxwa entlanganisweni. • Kuthumele oko kubantu abamenyiweyo ukuba bazimase intlanganiso. • Imiba yengxoxo idla ngokubekwa ngusihlalo nonobhala, bona ke eminye imisebenzi yabo -- Kukujonga imizuzu yentlanganiso egqithileyo, ukulungiselela ukubeka imivuka -- Ukudwelisa nokuqokelela imiba enokufuna ukuxoxwa entlanganisweni • Cwangcisa imiba ekuza kuxoxwa ngayo ngokokubaluleka kwayo. • Umba ngamnye wabele ixesha Imizuzu • Makubhalwe okwenzeke entlanganisweni. • Kwintlanganiso elandelayo makwamkelwe imizuzu njengeyinyani nebophelelayo, yaye kuya kuhlala kunjalo de kuvele into entsha • Mayibonise oku kulandelayo: -- Igama lequmrhu -- Umhla, indawo nexesha lentlanganiso -- Ubhaliso lwamagama abakhoyo. • Caphula uze ubhale izindululo ezithathiweyo ngobunjalo bazo. • Nika isishwankathelo sezindululo ezenziweyo nekugqitywe kuko. • Ungazibhali ezinye izinto ezivana nezinto ebekuqhulwa ngazo. • Sebenzisa ixesha elidlulileyo. • Iba luxwebhu olusemthethweni yakuba ityikitywe yafakwa umhla ngusihlalo, emva kokuba iye yafundwa yavunywa kwintlanganiso elandelayo Intetho • Qala uze ulungise isimbo oza kusisebenzisa, ixesha, indawo, isizathu (injongo), abaphulaphuli noko oza kuthetha ngakho • Indlela oqala ngayo intetho mayitsale umdla • Kulisa amanqaku owabekayo yaye uzinxweme ekusebenziseni iintetho esele zisetyenziswe kakhulu kangangokuba zidike. • Gqiba malunga nokuba uza kunqumama phi uzisebenzise phi izijekulo (ngendlela eyiyo nengabaxwanga) uzisebenzisela yiphi injongo. (Jonga abaphulaphuli.) • Sebenzisa izivakalisi ezifutshane ezikhatshwa ziingcingane ezilula, usebenzisa imizekelo eqhelekileyo • Lungelelanisa izigxeko zakho nezincomo onazo • Isiphelo sakho siqiqisise. Shiya abaphulaphuli benento abaza kuyetyisa • Sebenzisa izincedisi ezibonwayo okanye eziphathekayo kodwa ibe ngamazwi eyona nto itshotsh’ entla • Sebenzisa ulwimi olubonakalisa ukuvuthwa kwengqondo, izithethe nemvelaphi ecacileyo CAPS 45
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO I-imeyile/umyalezo Yenzelwa ukwazisa ngokuthile nokugcina ubudlelwane obhalwayo wefowuni Idilesi yomthunyelelwa - edla ngokuba ligama lomthunyelelwa kunye neseva, ngokunjalo (i-sms) nelizwe ekulo iseva. Umzekelo, Moloiq (igama) @ webmail. (iseva) za (ilizwe). Moloi. q@ webmail. co. za • Abakotshelwa (CC): aba ngabanye abathunyelelwa ekufuneka beyibonile i-imeyile. • Isihloko: Esi sisishwankathelo somxholo we-imeyile. • Umyalezo • Igama lomthumeli. Qaphela: Idilesi yomthumeli iyazibonakalela xa ifunyanwa i-imeyile. Umthumeli usenokukhetha ukunika ezinye iinkcukacha ekupheleni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lutyikityo (isignitsha) Udliwano- • Buza umlingwa (umbuzwa) imibuzo ndlebe • Bonisa amandla, iitalente, ubuethe-ethe, bomlingwa, njalo njalo • Nika amagama esithethi kwicala elisekhohlo ephepheni • Beka ikholoni emva kwegama lesithethi • Ukwahlula phakathi intetho yesithethi neyesinye, shiya umgca Ingxelo Ingxelo luxwebu olusesikweni kwaye oko kuqulethwe kuzo kufanele kube yinyani kubafundi. (esesikweni Iyabakruqula kakhulu abafundi into yokubhalwa koosinga-ngxelo okanye iingxelo ezingesihloko nengekho abangenamdla kuso. sesikweni) • Nika iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo ngesiganeko, umzekelo ingozi, nayo nantoni na ephandiweyo. • Bhala isihloko, intshayelelo (ingabula zigcawu, injongo nokuma kwayo), iesiqu (Ngubani? Owenze ntoni? Nini? Phi? Njani? Kuba kutheni?), isiphelo, izindululo, izalathisi, izihlomelo. • Cwangcisa: qokelela uze ucwangcise ingcombolo yolwazi; bhala iingongoma. • Sebenzisa ulwimi olungekho sikweni ukuya kolusesikweni. • Sebenzisa: -- Ixesha langoku (ngaphandle ngokuba yingxoxo yababini emalunga nezinto ezadlulyo) -- Izibizo gabalala -- Umntu wesithathu -- Ingcaciso egqibeleleyo -- Amagama namabinzana abhekiswe kwimeko ethile (enjengobugcisa) -- Ulwimi olusesikweni nolungakubandakanyiyo Isivi (Sivi) Nanjengoko kule mihla uninzi lwabantu lusebenzisa iithempleyithi ukwenza iisivi zabo, kungaluncedo ukukhangela ukuba eyona thempleyithi ifanelekileyo yenantoni na, nendlela yokulungisa uyizalise ngokufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isivi kufuneka ijongane nemeko ethile, uzekele isivi yomsbeenzi othile kufuneka icacise ukubandakanyeka ombhali kwelo cala. • Zazise kangangoko unako elizweni usebenzisa le sivi yakho. • Zazise njengomntu owuqondayo umcimbi ekungawo kunjalonje njengokhutheleyo nokhathalayo. • Ingcombolo yolwazi oyinikayo mayicace, ivakale kwaye ingakhethi cala lithile. • Isivi yakho mayigxininise kweso sikhundla somsebenzi sibhengeziweyo usifunayo. • Nika: -- Iinkcukacha ngawe buqu -- Iziqinisekiso zemfundo onazo -- Amava onawo ngomsebenzi (xa unawo) -- Abantu abanokwenza ingxelo ngokuziphatha kwakho 46 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO Ungeniso • Idayari kukubonisa amava akho buqu. kwidayari • Ubhala uphononongo lwakho losuku okanye lomcimbi • Ubhala izimvo zakho, ukubalisa usebenzisa umntu wokuqala kokona kufanelekileyo • Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo lulula yaye lungqalile. • Ithoni iya kuxhomekeka kuloo nto uyibhalayo Ukwalathisa • Ukwalathisa kusetyenziswa xa uxelela umntu indlela eya endaweni ethile. • Kubhalwa kwisiyaleli. • Kusoloko kusetyenziswa umntu wesibini kwisinye (‘u-‘) xa isithethi sithetha nalowo simyalelayo. • Qaphela oku kulandelayo xa usalathisa umntu indlela: -- Thetha ngokucacileyo nokungqalileyo -- Izalathisi masilandelelane ngokufanelekileyo -- Soloko ukhomba kwicala elithile -- Nika uqikelelo lomgama -- Nika uqikelelo lwezitalato eziza kweqiwa/kuwelwa ukuya apho -- Nika iinkcukacah malunga nezinto eziqaphelekayo aza kudibana nazo apha endleleni -- Sebenzisa amagama abonisa indawo -- Sebenzisa abonakalisa icala emakuyiwe kulo (umz. Nyuka, yihla, thambeka) -- Sebenzisa amagama abonakalisa ukubulela. Ukunika Ukuchaza okanye ukuyalela ngendlela emayenziwe ngayo into okanye isixhobo, ukwenza imiyalelo ukutya, ukulungisa into eyonakeleyo: • Ukuchaza ukusebenza okanye umsebenzi wento nganye xa isetyenziswa; ukulungisa izitya/ ukupheka ukutya; ukulungisa into eyonakeleyo; njalo njalo • Ukucwangcisa nokulungiselela (jonga iimpawu zokubhala) -- Qonda imeko/iimeko ze wazi ukuba imveliso yokunika imiyalelo/imiboniso iza kuba njani okanye kuza kwenzeka ntoni -- Cinga ngokucacileyo, ngokufanelekileyo ze ulandelelenise ngobuchule bokuqiqisa imiyalelo -- Sebenzisa iimanyuwali, imiyalelo nemisebenzi -- Cinga ngesigama, ulwimi/igrama, iimbonakalo, ubuchule/ubugcisa bolwimi, namabinzana anokusetyenziswa • Ukunikezela Isibhengezo • Bamba ugcine umdla womfundi - uqinisekisa ukuba ayagqama amagama asebenzayo. • Lukuhla umntu ukuba athenge into okanye inkozo ethile. • Tsala umdla womfundi - uqiniseke ukuba amagama azizenzi ngawona agqamileyo. • Thathela ingqalelo oku kulandelayo xa uyila: -- Abantu ekujoliswe kubo (esenzelwe bona isibhengezo) -- Indawo esibekwa kuyo (siza kuvela phi, nini kwinkqubo okanye ndawoni kwimagazini okanye iphepha-ndaba?) -- Ngaba sinika umdla (sinika umdla njani?) -- Ukuma kwaso nobungakanani befonti. -- Uhlobo lwengcinga eveliswayo (nokuba yenyanisekileyo okanye hayi) kunye nothelekiso phakathi kwenyani noluvo. -- Ifuthe lokukhethwa kwemibala esetyenziswayo okanye engasetyenziswayo -- Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo (nokuba lulwimi olunomdintsi kuba kukudala lusetyenziswa, oluphinda-phindayo, olunezafobe, njalo njalo) CAPS 47
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO Iipowusta/iiflaya • Ingaziintlobo ngeentlobo • Isebenzisa iziqubulo (izilogani) neelogo • Indla ngokusebenzisa imbonakalo ethile (iba noyilo oluthile) • Isebenzisa ubuchule bokubhengeza • Isebenzisa uyilo ukwenza isibhengezo sakho sitsale umdla simile ezingqondweni zabantu • Isebenzisa isigama esinongiweyo nezafobe zisetyenziselwa ukudala ifuthe • Yenza ulwimi luhlale lunkenteza ezingqondweni zabantu, umzekelo, isikweko, isifaniso, imfanozandi, uphindaphindo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho Ukugcwalisa • Ifomu igcwaliselwa izizathu ezininzi, umz. Ukufaka isicelo somsebenzi okanye ikhefu ifomu emsebenzini, ukungenela ukhuphiswano okanye oonobuhle, njalo njalo. • Nika iinkcukacha ezifunwa lelo ziko iya kulo ifomu. • Bhala loo nto ifunekayo, ulandelise ngekholoni, umz. Ifani. • Yigcwalise ngokuchanekileyo I-obhitshuwari • Igama nefani yalo mntu uswelekileyo, umhla awazalwa ngawo, indawo awazalelwa kuyo, amagama abazali bakhe; • Imfundo yakhe neendawo aphangele kuzo; • Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezimalunga nobomi bakhe ezifana nokutshata (ukuba kuyangena); • Unobangela wokusweleka kwakhe: ukuba ugulile, imbali yokugula kwakhe ukuza kuthi ga ngomhla wokusweleka kwakhe; • Abantu abashiya ngasemva, umz. Inkosikazi/umyeni, abantwana, njalo njalo; • Amazwi okumkhapha, mhlawumbi nezibongo zesiduko sakhe; • Sebenzisa ulwimi oluhloniphayo nolundilisekileyo, umz. ‘usishiye’ endaweni yokuthi ‘usweleke’. Isivumelwano Sisivumelwano esibophelelayo esiphakathi kwamaqela amabini nangaphezulu. Injongo (ikhontrakthi) yesivumelwano kukudala imeko yokuzibophelela. Isivumelwano sinokwenziwa nangomlomo (sibe sesomlomo siphinde sibhalwe nokubhalwa ukubonisa umonakalo nendlela onokulungiswa ngayo) Imiba yesivumelwano • Amagama (Okwelinye icala lesivumelwano, nokwelinye, amangqina) • Izigqibo neemeko (izinto ezibandakanyekayo) (okungaphakathi kwisivumelwano - kuquka inkonzo eza kunikwa, ixesha nemali ukuba kuza kubakho intlawulo) • Utyikityo (lwabo bonke abachaphazelekayo) • Umhla nendawo (apho sityikityelwe khona isivumelwano) Umyolelo/Isingqinisiso Umyolelo uthatha isigqibo okanye ubeka ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwizinto zomntu emva kokusweleka kwakhe. Umyolelo uqinisekisa ukuba iminqweno yomfi iyafezekiswa emva kokusweleka kwakhe. Kufuneka umyalelo ugcinwe ungashiywanga lixesha yaye ube sendaweni ekhuselekielyo. Kufuneka ube nezi zinto zilandelayo: • Amagama omnini-myolelo • Umhla owenziwe ngawo umyolelo • Imali, impahla nezinto anazo • Abashiyelwa ilifa • Oza kuqinisekisa ngokulandelwa komyolelo (umhlobo, ilungu losapho, igqwetha) 48 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO Umgaqo-siseko nepolisi Ubeka imithetho-siseko okanye ipolisi okanye imithetho elawula iqumrhu, umzekelo, ilizwe, umasingcwabane, umbutho wolutsha, umgalelo, iklabhu yebhola ekhatywayo. • Kufuneka kuvunyelwane ngemigaqo ngabo bachaphazelekayo • Imigaqo iyabophelela • Inokuhlaziywa • Isakhiwo kufuneka siquke igama lequmrhu okanye iziko, ubulungu, imiba ekuthethwa ngayo, umhla ovunywe ngawo, utyikityo, njalo njalo. Iitekisi zoncwadi nezemidiya Ibali ngawe Ukubalisa ngebali elingawe. Isikhokelo: ukubonakalisa isimo sentlalo okanye ukumilisela umxholo, umzekelo, kwangungexesha leeholide, kuvalwe izikolo. Ibali ngeziganeko ezenzekileyo ngokulandelelana kwazo ngamaxesha, umzekelo, ‘Ndiye kwatumelo... emva koko... Enye inkcukacha eyongezelelweyo malunga nesiganeko ngasinye, umzekelo, ‘Waye mangalisiwe kukundibona’. Amazwi okuvala - inkcazelo evalayo enokuquka ingcaciso, umzekelo, ‘Ndiyathemba ndizakuchitha ixesha elide notumelo. Besonwabile’. Libaliswa ngomntu wokuqala okanye wesithathu. Kusetyenziswa izihlanganisi zexesha, umzekelo, Okokuqala, emva koko, ekugqibeleni, phambi koko, ngeli xesha Lidla ngokubhekisa kumntu okanye abantu abathile Isimbo sokubalisa ingaseso singekho sikweni Ingxoxo yababini • Yincoko ephakathi kwabantu ababini nangaphezulu • Bhala le ncoko njengoko isenzeka, amazwi ezithethi uwabhala njengoko enjalo • Bhala amagama abalinganiswa ngasekhohlo • Sebenzisa ikholoni emva kwegama lomlinganiswa othethayo • Shiya umgca, ukwahlula phakathi kwentetho yesithethi neyesinye • Cebisa abalinganiswa (okanye abafundi) ngendlela yokuthetha okanye yokwenza ngokufakela umyalelo lowo kwizibiyeli phambi kokuba amagama athethwe • Banike omkhomba-ndlela wokuza kuthethwa ngako phambi kokuba ubabhalise Irivyu Iirivyu ayilandeli ndlela ithile yokubhalwa. Akukho mfuneko yokuba kuchatshazelwe imiba ethile encwadini, kwifilim okanye i-CD leyo kwenziwa irivyu yayo. Abantu abenza irivyu bajolisa kuloo nto benza irivyu yayo nakulowo ubandakanyekayo kuyo, bakugqiba bafakele nantoni na abayithandayo. Irivyu eyiyo yengathathi cala nengadleleleli bani, kodwa irivyu engeyiyo kuba lapho umntu adandalazisa nje uluvo lwakhe ngokuthile. Ezinye iirivyu ziba nezihlekiso: Abanye ababhali bazo lolona phawu balusebenzisayo olo lwesihlekiso kwiirivyu zabo. Yenza iirivyu eziphuma kwimithombo yolwazi eyahlukeneyo ukubonisa abafundi indlela eyahluke ngayo le ndlela yokubhala. • Iveza imbono yakho buqu ngomsebenzi wobugcisa, ifilim, incwadi, umsebenzi othile, njalo njalo. • Dandalazisa indlela owubona ngayo loo msebenzi uphambi kwakho. • Lowo ufunda irivyu akunyanzelekanga ukuba avumelane nalowo ubeyibhala • Iirivyu zithabatha icala elithile. Bangababini abantu abenza irivyu ngomsebenzi omnye kodwa bavakalise izimvo ezahlukeneyo ngomsebenzi lowo. • Nika iingongoma eziphambili nezichanekileyo, umzekelo, igama lombhali/umvelisi/igcisa, isihloko sencwadi/somsebenzi, igama lompapashi/lenkampani yokuvelisa, kunye nexabiso (xa likhona) CAPS 49
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 IINTLOBO ZEETEKISI EZIBHALWAYO Itekisi yesihobe • Sibhala malunga nokuqapheleyo namava -- Abantu -- Indalo -- Imiba yasekuhlaleni -- Iteknoloji, njalo njlalo • Silandela isakhiwo -- Isihloko -- Izitanza • Sisebenzisa izafobe • Sibonisa ukukhululeka kombhali, umzekelo ukungasetyenziswa kweempawu zokubala okanye izakhi zolwimi eziqhelekileyo Inqaku lephephandaba • Chaza ngokufutshane umba obhala ngawo kodwa ucace gca. • Gqithisa umyalezo wakho uvakale kulowo umbhalelayo. • Shwankathela ngokucacileyo ungayigqwethi into eyinyani. • Nika isihloko esicacileyo nesivakalayo uze wongeze nesihlokwana esicacileyo. • Qala ngokona kubaluleke kakhulu: umzekelo, ngubani, yintoni, nini, phi, kutheni kangakanani Inqaku lemagazini Kwinqaku lemagazini kufanele umbhali andandalazise izinto azithandayo nangazithandiyo yena buqu, oku kufanelwe kukhuthazwe kubafundi esikolweni. Kufuneka babhale amanqaku emagazini anomhluzi navakalayo ngayo nantoni na edla umzi, kananjalo banokubhala amanqaku emagazini ahlekisayo nangaso nasiphi na isihloko abasikhethileyo. Uninzi lwamanqaku eemagazini ezifundwa ngabafundi zilolu hlobo luchazwe ngasentla. Amanqaku emagazini amaninzi afumaneka kwi-intanethi nangona ebhalwe ngesingesi, kodwa aqulethe okuninzi yaye ungawasebenzisa ukuzixhobisa. Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe- intanethi ngabafundi, Bangabhala iiblogu zabo beqwalasela ukuba babhalela bani, okuqulethwe yiblogu nemvakalozwi yayo. Ungasebenzisa oku kulandelayo: • Isihloko masitsale umdla, sibe sesidlwengula umxhelo. • Indlela yokubhala mayibe yevela kuwe, uthethe ngqo nomfundi. • Isimbo sokubhala singaba sesichazayo nesikhatshwa zizafobe, ukutsala umdla wabafundi. • Amagama, iindawo, amaxesha, ubume bendawo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifunekayo mazifakwe kwinqaku elo. • Makungabhalwa imihlathi emide kakhulu. • Inqaku malitsale umdla womfundi. • Sebenzisa ifonti efundeka lula nengatyhafisiyo Idotyhumentari • Luphando olucacileyo lobomi besihloko eso, umzekelo, iqhawe (lezemidlalo, lemfundo, lezenkolo), kunye nengxelo yokufunyanisiweyo. • Oku kungaquka izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nemingeni lowo kuphandwa ngaye athe wahlangana nayo phambi kokuba afikelele encotsheni. • Amagama, iindawo, amaxesha, izikhundla kunye nazo naziphi ezinye iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko kufuneka zifakwe kwidotyhumentari. • Qala ngeyona miba ibalulekileyo: ukuba ngubani, yintoni, njani, nini, phi, njani nakangakanani 50 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ubude beetekisi LOKUQALA ZOLWIMI OLONGEZELWEYO (eziza kuveliswa ngabafundi) Umsebenzi Ibanga lesi-7 Ibanga lesi-8 Ibanga le-9 Umhlathi Amagama ali-100 -110 Amagama ali-110 - 120 Amagama ali-120 - 140 Izivakalisi ezisi-7 - 9 Izivakalisi ezisi-7 - 10 Izivakalisi ezisi-8 - 10 • Amagama • Izivakalisi Imihlathi emi-3 - 5 Imihlathi emi-4 - 7 Imihlathi emi-4 - 8 Amagama angama-180 - Amagama angama-210 - Amagama ali-130 - 180 210 250 Isincoko Imihlathi emi-3 - 5 Imihlathi emi-4 - 7 Imihlathi emi-4 - 8 Umbongo Izitanza ezi-2 Izitanza ezi-2 -3 Izitanza ezi-3 -6 Iphepha eli-1 Amaphepha ama-2 Amaphepha ama-3 Ibali elifutshane, kuquka namabali emveli Imihlathi emi+/-6 Imihlathi eli+/-10 Imihlathi engama+/-20 Ingxoxo yababini (umd- Iphepha eli-1 Amaphepha ama-2 Amaphepha ama-3 lalo ondima-nye) Iitekisi eziyimihlathi (zonxi- belelwano) ezinde, umz. Amagama ali-110 -120 Amagama ali-120 -140 Amagama ali-140 -160 Iileta Iitekisi ezimfutshane Amagama angama-70 - 80 Amagama angama-80 - 90 Amagama ali-90 - 100 Isishwankathelo Amagama angama-40 - 50 Amagama angama-50 - 60 Amagama angama-50 - 60 kwitekisi enamagama an- kwitekisi enamagama an- kwitekisi enamagama an- gama-220 gama-240 gama-260 Ubude beetekisi ZOLWIMI LOKUQALA OLONGEZELWEYO (eziza kusetyenziswa ngabafundi) Umsebenzi Ibanga lesi-7 Ibanga lesi-8 Ibanga le-9 Iitekisi zezicatshulwa eziphulaphulwayo ezinde, 140 - 180/ukuya 180 - 200/ukuya 200 -220/ukuya umzekelo, ibali, udliwano-ndlebe, imidlalo, kutsho kwimizuzu kutsho kwimizuzu kutsho kwimizuzu iindaba emi-5 emi-5 emi-5 Iitekisi zezicatshulwa eziphulaphulwayo Amagama Amagama Amagama ezimfutshane, umz. Izaziso, iitekisi zolwazi, angama-50 - 60/ angama-60 - 70/ angama-70 - 90/ imiyalelo, izalathisi umzuzu om-1 - 2 umzuzu om-1 - 2 umzuzu om-1-2 Iitekisi zokufundela ukuqonda/ukufunda Amagama ali-130 Amagama Amagama okunzulu -180 angama-180 -230 angama-230 -280 Ubude beetekisi zokufunda okwandisiweyo akumiselwanga nanjengoko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetekisi, ubunzima bolwimi kunye nezinga lokufunda labafundi. 3.1.4 Izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi Izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi zibhekisa kwimigaqo elawula ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zokubhala, oonobumba abakhulu, oonobumba, izandi, amagama, izivakalisi, imihlathi kumsebenzi womlomo nobhaliweyo. Le migaqo iquka upelo, indlela yokubiza amagama, igrama, ulwanzi olunzulu lolwimi, njalo njalo. Izakhono zokuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala azinakwenziwa zingaziwa izakhi zolwimi nokuziqhelisa ukuzisebenzisa. Abafundi bakwafuna isigama esibanzi, nto leyo mhlawumbi ingowona mba ubalulekileyo wokwenza umntu anxibelelane ngokukuko. Isigama esibanzi siyimfuneko kuzo zonke izakhono zolwimi, kodwa nangakumbi ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuba abafundi baphucule ulwazi lwabo lwegrama bandise nesigama sabo kungokufunda ngokunzulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweklasi. CAPS 51
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Abafundi baya kufunda indlela izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi ezisetyenziselwa ngayo, batsho bakhulise ulwimi abanokwabelana ngalo xa bethetha ngolwimi (‘ulwimi olusetyenziswa xa kuthethwa ngolwimi’), ukwenzela ukuba baphonononge ngokunzulu iitekisi abazibhaleleyo nezibhalwe ngabanye bejonga intsingiselo, ukufaneleka nokuchaneka kwazo. Baza kukwazi nokusebenzisa olu lwazi ukusebenza ngolwimi ukwakha intsingiselo ukusukela kwinqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama nelesivakalisi ukuya kutsho kweletekisi iyonke, nokubona ukuba itekisi izalana njani nomxholo. Ngokusebenza ngoluhlu lweetekisi, abafundi bandisa ukusebenzisa kwabo isigama baze basebenzise ngokuchanekileyo ulwazi lwabo lwezakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Kulindeleke ukuba izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi ifundiswe ngokusemxholweni xa kufundiswa kukhuliswa ezinye izakhono zolwimi. Izicwangciso zokufundisa zinoluhlu lwezakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi (izigaba zentetho) ezinokufundiswa kwibanga ngalinye. Xa ukhetha iitekisi zokuphulaphula nokufunda kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini, qiniseka ukuba zinezigaba zentetho ofuna ukuzifundisa. Yila imisebenzi enxulumene nezi tekisi eya kwenza abafundi basebenzise ezi zigaba zentetho ngokusemxholweni. Ngokufanayo, iitekisi zokubhala ezibhalwa ngabafundi ziya kuquka ezinye zezi zigaba zentetho. Khokela abafundi ngendlela efanelekileyo nechanekielyo yokusetyenziswa kwezi zigaba zentetho. Khetha ezinye zezi zigaba zentetho abanengxaki kuzo uze ubanike ithuba baziqhelanise nazo ngokusesikweni. Kwisigaba esiphezulu, iyure enye ngeeveki ezimbini ibekelwe bucala ukuba abafundi bafundiswe baqhelaniswe nezakhi nemigaqo yolwimi ngokusesikweni. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi ekulindeleke ukuba abafundi bazifunde ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala. Ezi zakhi mazifundiswe ngokusemxholweni ngokudityanisiweyo kusetyenziswa iitekisi zomlomo, ezibonwayo nezibhaliweyo. Kufuneka zifundiswe ngokungqalileyo kubekelwe bucala ixesha ngokuyimfuneko. 52 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 UMZEKELO WEZAKHI NEMIGAQO YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI Iimpawu zokubhala Iqhagamshela (-) Iikholoni (:) Isemikholoni (;) Isimeli-nobumba (’) Iimpawu zocaphulo (“…”) Izibiyeli [ () ] Uphawu loshiyelelo lwamagama okanye amabinzana kwisivakalisi (…) Isingxi (.) Ikoma (,) Upelo Iindlela zopelo, imigaqo yopelo, ushunqulelo, ufinyezo-magama, ukusetyenziswa kwesichazi- magama Izakhi zamagama Izimaphambili, iingcambu nezimamva Izibizo Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizenzi Izibizo ezakhiwe kwezinye izibizo Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizichazi Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizifanekisozwi Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizikhuzo Izibizo ezimbaxa Intloko nenjongosenzi Isini Isininzi Izinciphiso Isandiso Izibizo ezakhiwe kwezinye izigaba zentetho Izimelabizo Isimelabizo soqobo Isimelabizo soqobo sokugxininisa Isimelabizo sokukhomba Isimelabizo soquko Isimelabizo sochazo Isimelabizo sokukumbi Isimelabizo sokunye Izichazi Isiphawuli Isibaluli Isimnini Esoquko Esokukumbi/esobalo CAPS 53
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 UMZEKELO WEZAKHI NEMIGAQO YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI Izenzi Izenzi namaxesha azo Isilandulo Izixando zezenzi Iintlobo zezenzi Iintlobo zezenzi • Uhlobo lolandelelwano/lokuqoshelisa • Uhlobo lokuyalela • Uhlobo lokungathiza • Uhlobo lokuqondisa • Ihlobo lokuqhubeka Imo • Imo evumayo • Imo elandulayo Amaxesha ezenzi Ixesha langoku Ixesha elizayo Ixesha elidlulileyo Izivumelanisi Isivumelanisi sentloko, umz. Abantwana bahambile Izihlomelo Iindidi zezihlomelo Izikhuzo Umz. Kwekhu! Kowu! Awu! Yhooo! Izihlanganisi Ukulandelelana kweziganeko: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu, phambi, emva, nini, de, namagama ekugqibeleni, ngaphambili, okulandelayo, emva koko, kutshanje. asetyenziswa Ingcaciso/unobangela nefuthe: ngoko ke, ngenxa yesi sizathu, emva koko, ukusukela, ngenxa, kwimihlathi kungenxa, ngoko ke, kulandela, ukuba kuthe … kuya kuthi …. Umgaqo olandelwayo: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu. Ukuthelekisa/ukuchasanisa: iyafana, yahlukile, incinci kune, inkulu kune, nangona, kodwa Ngokokubaluleka: rhoqo, ekugqibeleni. Ucwangciswa ngokobume bendawo: ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi, ngasekhohlo, ngasekunene, njalo njalo. Ukubhala ngokuthe gabalala: gabalala, ukugqiba. Umhlathi okhethekileyo: ngokoluvo lwam, inkolo, uluvo, ingqiqo, ndicinga ukuba, ndithathela ingqalelo, ndikholelwa ukuba, ndithanda, ndithemba. Ukuhlela imihlathi: inokwahlulwa, inxulumene, ihambelana, izalana, iyinxalenye. Umhlathi ochazayo: ngasentla, ngasezantsi, ecaleni, kufuphi, emntla/empuma/emazantsi/ entshona, isayizi, ibala, Isimo sentlalo, injongo, ubude, ububanzi, ubunzima/umthamo, isantya, ifana. Umhlathi wokuphonononga: entle/embi, echanekileyo/engachanekanga, evumelekileyo/ engavumelekanga, ebalulekileyo/engabalulekanga, ukucebisa/ukundulula, ukubonisa, ukuxoxa. Umhlathi ocacisayo: inokucaciswa, ludidi oluthile. Umhlathi wokuvala: ukuququmbela, ukushwankathela, ushwankathelo, ngokufutshane, njengoko ubona. Izifanekisozwi La magama abonisa uvakalelo okanye noluvo lwesithethi (noxa ezinye izihlanganisi zinenkcazelo ecacileyo). Ngamanye amaxesha siboniswa njengagama elinye or ibinzana elingesisivakalisi, lilandelwe laphawu lokubhala. Umz. Dyumpu, ngqu, pam 54 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 UMZEKELO WEZAKHI NEMIGAQO YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI Uphuhliso lwesigama Izithethantonye/izithethantonye nezigaba zentetho Izichasi zolwimi Amagama angcambu-nye Oomabizwahluke Oomabizwafane Igama elinye endaweni yebinzana Izafobe (isifaniso, isihlonipho, isimntwiso, oksimoroni, isinxulumaniso, isifanodumo, ubaxo/ ubabazo/ugqithiso, uchasaniso, isigqebelo, isihlekiso, ukuphela kovuthondaba, isimboli, isihlonipho, uvumephika, iparadoksi, ukudlala ngamagama antsingiselo imbaxa, intetho engenabuzaza, igama elimele elinye.) Izaci namaqhalo, amagama emboleko, amagama amatsha nemvelaphi yamagama. Amagama emboleko, amagama afunyenwe kwezinye iilwimi, amagama amatsha, inzululwazi/ ingxelo ngemvelaphi yamagama Ukuntshokotha/intsingiselo-mbini, intetho esetyenziswa rhoqo de idike, ikruqule, ukungafuneki/ ubuninzi, ukuthetha into enye ngmagama-ngamagama amabini kwisivakalisi esinye, intetho engaphucukanga, intethoexutywe namagama antsonkothileyo asetyenziswa ngabantu bomsebenzi othile, indlela yokuthetha/isicinezelo, intetho okanye ingcinga esoloko njalo, ukuqal’ugwebe, umtsalane bucala/ukuthambekela bucala, ulwimi oluhlaselayo, ulwimi oluchukumisayo, ulwimi oluzetyenziswa sisini esithile njalo njalo Ukusetyenziswa ulwimi ngokwenjongo ethile, oko kukuthi irejista ejoliswe kubantu abathile umz Mhlekazi, Obekekileyo, Nkosi, Aa! Dilizintaba! njalo njalo Ukutshintsha kwentsingiselo, umz inja (isilwanyana, umntu okhunjulwa njengomntu owaziwayo - ulwimi lokuzonwabisa nelusetyenziswa lulutsha) Amagatya nezivakalisi Igatya elimbaxa nelongezelelweyo Igatya elimbaxa, elihamba nelibalulayo Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho Igatya elibalulayo Igatya eliyintloko Isivakalisi esilula Isivakalisi esimbaxa Ucwangciso lwamagama ngokukuko Izivakalisi Isivakalisi esilula, esimbaxa nesixandileyo 3.2 Itheyibhile yokunatyiswa kweetekisi Iiveki Ibanga lesi-7 Ibanga lesi-8 Ibanga le-9 Ikota yoku-1 Itekisi yolwazi - isibhengezo, 1-2 Ibali Ibali ipowusta Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, 3-4 Umbongo Itekisi yolwazi enentetho isihobe Itekisi yolwazi - itekisi 5-6 Umbongo, idrama Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane yesivumelwano (yekhontrakthi) Itekisi yolwazi, umzekelo, inqaku Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, 7-8 Ibali elifutshane, uncwadi lwemveli lephephandaba okanye lemagazini isihobe Itekisi yolwazi, umzekelo, 9 - 10 Ibali elifutshane, umbongo Itekisi yengxelo yophando ingxelo yephephandaba okanye yemagazini CAPS 55
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ikota yesi-2 Inoveli emfutshane, idrama, Itekisi enika ulwazi enezinto Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, isihobe ezibonakalayo, umzekelo, isihobe 1-2 iimephu/iindawo eziqaphelekayo/ imilinganiselo/iitshati/imifanekiso Itekisi enika ulwazi enezinto Itekisi yolwazi, umzekelo, itekisi Uphononongo lwetekisi - inoveli, ezibonakalayo, umzekelo, imizobo eviwayo/ebonwayo - ukulinganisa/ idrama, ibali elifutshane, isihobe 3-4 yezibhengezo/imifanekiso/iigrafu; ingxoxo yeforam/yephaneli iipowusta; ingcaciso yezinto, itekisi ebonwayo Iitekisi zolwazi, umzekelo, Itekisi yolwazi, umzekelo, Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, iindlela ezilandelwayo, imiyalelo, udliwano-ndlebe isihobe - isaziso, iajenda nemizuzu itekisi enika ulwazi enezinto 5-6 ezibonakalayo, umzekelo, iitshathi/ iitheyibhile/imizobo/imifanekiso/ iigrafu Inoveli/idrama Uphononongo lwebali Itekisi yolwazi enezinto 7-8 ezibonwayo, umzekelo, isibhengezo - uphononongo 9 - 10 UKUHLOLA KWANGOJUNI/KWAPHAKATHI ENYAKENI Ikota yesi-3 Itekisi yolwazi, umzekelo, iphepha Idrama Itekisi yolwazi - umyolelo lemibuzo yophando okanye ifomu nomyolelo obhaliweyo 1-2 Umbongo Idrama, umbongo Itekisi yolwazi - inqaku Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, lephephandaba/lemagazini isihobe - ukubhalwa kwetekisi 3-4 engumhlathi (wonxibelelwano) - isivi neleta eyikhaphayo Itekisi engesaziso, iajenda Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane; Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, 5-6 nemizuzu umbongo - ileta yoburhulumente/ isihobe - ukubhala isincoko yobuhlobo Inqaku lephephandaba/lemagazini Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane; Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, malunga nezisematheni umbongo - ukubhalwa kwebali isihobe - ukubhalwa kwetekisi 7-8 engumhlathi (wonxibelelwano) - ikhadi lesimemo nokuvuma Itekisi yolwazi - izalathisi Itekisi ebalisayo - inoveli, ibali Idrama - ukubhala ingxoxo 9 - 10 elifutshane; isihobe yababini Ikota yesi-4 Idrama/inoveli/ibali elifutshane Itekisi yolwazi: inqaku lemagazini/ Inoveli, ibali elifutshane - ukubhala 1-2 lephephandaba ileta yesicelo Itekisi yolwazi nedayari, i-imeyile, Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, 3-4 umyalezo obhalwayo wefowuni umbongo isihobe - ukubhala ii-imeyile (i-sms), iiflaya Inoveli, idrama, ibali elifutshane, Idrama/umdlalo, umbongo - Inoveli, ibali elifutshane, isihobe - 5-6 uncwadi ingxelo yeendaba ukubhala iobhitshuwari, ungeniso kwidayari, ikhadi lesimemo Uhlaziyo lweetekisi - Uhlaziyo lweetekisi - Uhlaziyo lweetekisi - 7-8 kulungiselelwa uviwo kulungiselelwa uviwo kulungiselelwa uviwo 9 - 10 UKUHLOLA KWASEKUPHELENI KONYAKA 56 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 3.3 Izicwangciso zokufundisa Imfundo enyanzelekileyo iphela kwisiGaba esiPhezulu kubafundi abaninzi abanelishwa. Emva kweBanga le-9 uninzi lwabafundi luyaphuma luye kukhangela imisebenzi okanye balandele amakhono obugcisa bezandla. Kungoko ke kufuneka izinga lokufundisa libe phezulu kubafundi besiGaba esiPhezulu. Abafundi mabanikwe ithuba lokufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lolwazi, nto leyo iya kubashiya bekulungele nangakumbi ukujongana nekamva labo. Izinga lokufundiswa koLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo kwiilwimi liphantse lilingane nelo noLwimi Lwasekhaya. Umahluko bubunzulu beetekisi ezisetyenziswayo / ezifundwayo kunye neetekisi eziveliswayo. Abafundi abakwisiGaba esiPhezulu kufuneka bafumane ithuba lokufikelela kuluhlu lweendidi zoncwadi, ngokunjalo noluhlu lweetekisi ekufuneka bezivelisile. Le nto iya kubenza abafundi bakwazi ukujongana nayo nayiphi imeko abajongana nayo, iphucule nokubamba kwabo ulwazi lomxholo. Isicwangciso sokufundisa sibonisa ubuncinane bomxholo onokwenziwa ngezithuba zeeveki ezimbini ngekota. Indlela olandelelaniswe ngayo lo mxholo ayithethi ukuba kufuneka kulandelwe yona yaye nexesha elinikiweyo luqikelelo olubonisa ukuba kunokuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufundisa loo mxholo. Ootitshala kufuneka baziyilele ezabo iziCwangciso zokuFundisa besebenzisa ezi zicwangciso zokufunda, iincwadi ezimiselweyo kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izixhobo ukufundisa umxholo, besebenzisa ulandelelwano nesantya esifanelekileyo. Ootitshala bayakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise umxholo okanye imiba ehambelana neemeko zeendawo zabo. 3.3.1 Indlela ezidibana ngayo iitekisi ngeeveki ezimbini Kusetyenziswe iitekisi ezahlukeneyo njengesiseko sokuyila umjikelo wokufundisa ngeeveki ezimbini. Zikhethwe ngokokuba zidibana njani ukwenza uqilima oludibeneyo, umzekelo, abafundi baya kuphulaphula ibali baze bafunde ibali. Baya kucelwa ukuba babhale ingcaciso yomlomo yendawo okanye yomntu (eya kudibana nebali) okanye banokucelwa ukuba babhalele ileta umlinganiswa webali. Ukukhetha umxholo weeveki ezimbini oya kukwenza ukwazi ukudibanisa imisebenzi ngokuyimpumelelo. Izizathu zokusebenzisa imixholo kukwenza ukuba isigama nesakhi solwimi sikwazi ukubekelwa ukumana sisetyenziswa kwimixholo enentsingiselo. Izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi ezicetyiswayo kumjikelo ngamnye zenzelwe ukomeleza itekisi leyo iza kuveliswa kuloo mjikelo. Utitshala angongeza ezinye izakhi zolwimi ezinokuba luncedo. 3.3.2 Indlela ezilandelelaniswa ngayo iitekisi/imisebenzi ngeeveki ezimbini Akunyanzelekanga ukuba iitekisi zifundiswe ngokulandelelana okuthile. Kumaxesha amaninzi, kufuneka kubekho umsebenzi/itekisi wokuphulaphula wokuthetha owenzelwa ukulungiselela umsebenzi wokufunda okanye wokubhala. Ngamanye amaxesha, umsebenzi wokuphulaphula nokuthetha kufuneka ususelwe kwitekisi yokufunda. Abafundi kufuneka basebenze ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeetekisi xa besenza umsebenzi womlomo naxa befunda phambi kokuba baxelelwe ukuba mababhale ezi tekisi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka ziphulaphulwe iitekisi, umzekelo, ibali okanye ingxelo yeendaba iya kwahluka yaye ibe kwinqanaba eliphezulwana kunelo baya kulifunda abafundi. Le nto yenziwa kukuba izakhono zabo zokuphulaphula sele ziphuhlisekile kunezakhono zokufunda. 3.3.3 Uhlobo lweetekisi ezimiselweyo nezicetyiswayo Iintlobo zeetekisi ezimiselwe ukuba zifundiswe ngeeveki ezimbini zibekiwe kwisicwangciso sokufundisa yaye kufuneka zibekho kwincwadi yomfundi (itekstbhukhu). Kumaxesha amaninzi, akumiselwa uhlobo oluthile lwebali. Kungakhethwa kuluhlu lwamabali aziwayo, amabali engqikelelo (umzekelo, angokulinga izinto, awenzululwazi) amabali embali (umzekelo, amabali amalunga nabantu abathile) kunye neentsomi (umzeleko, ezingembali, ezingamaqhawe nezingamabali njee) ezifumanekayo. Oku kuyafana nakwimibongo nemidlalo. CAPS 57
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ezi iya kuba ziitekisi ezikhethwe kwincwadi yamabali/iincwadi zamabali/ezinye iincwadi yaye ziya kuxhasa ezi tekisi zimiselweyo. Zingaziitekisi zohlobo olufanayo (zokugxininisa ukuqondwa kwesakhiwo setekisi) okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetekisi (ukuhlupheza umdla wabo nangakumbi nokwandisa uluhlu lwabo lokukwazi ukufunda). Kuzo zonke iimeko, oku kufunda kongezelelweyo kufuneka kuhambelane nezihloko nemixholo ekhethelwe ezo tekisi zimiselweyo kwezo veki zimbini. 3.3.4 Ukunxulumanisa zonke izakhono zolwimi kwiiveki ezimbini Nangona izakhono ezikwisikhokelo sokufundisa zibekwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kufuneka zifundiswe ngendlela enxulunyisiweyo xa kusenzeka, umzekelo xa kufundiswa udliwano-ndlebe lomlomo abafundi bangafunda itekisi ebhaliweyo kubaze emva koko kufuneke banike udliwano-ndlebe olubhaliweyo. Ukukhethwa kwezakhi zolwimi eziza kufundiswa kwiiveki ezimbini ezithile kufuneka kuncedisane nokuveliswa kwanokuqondwa kweetekisi zomlomo nezibhaliweyo eziya kuveliswa ngelo thuba, umzekelo, izichazi, izithethantonye, izichasi, izihlomelo nexesha elidlulileyo zilungiselela abafundi ukuba babhale isincoko esibalisayo okanye esichazayo. Imo evumayo (subjunctive mood) ibalulekile kakhulu xa ubhala isincoko esinocamngco. Iindlela zeorali nezibhalwayo eziza kufundiswa ngesithuba seeveki ezimbini mazibekwe ngokohlobo lwetekisi eza kuveliswa, umzekeko, xa ufundisa isincoko esibalisayo abafundi kufuneka bafundiswe indlela yokubhala imihlathi elandelelana ngokukuko, kodwa xa bebhala isincoko esicacisayo basenokufundiswa indlela yokubhala umhlathi obonisa inkqubo yokwenza izinto. 3.3.5 Indlela ezifundiswa ngayo izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi Umxholo wecandelo ‘lezakhi nokusetyenziswa kolwimi’ uthathwe kwiintlobo zeetekisi ezimiselwe phantsi kwezihloko ezithi ukuphulaphula nokuthetha, ukufunda, nokubhala yaye uya kufundiswa ngoethuba kufundwa iitekisi nangethuba elabelwe ukuphulaphula nokuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala. Umzekelo, ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe ibale, abafundi baza kusebenzisa ixesha elidlulileyo baze bafunde iitekisi besebenzisa eli xesha. Kodwa ke, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi egxile kwisakhi esithile solwimi ngokusemxholweni. Khetha izigaba zentetho kwicandelo ‘lezakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi’ ukwenzela ukufundisa abafundi ulwimi olubonakala njengoko lunjalo xa ujonge kuhlobo lwetekisi yaye oko ukwenze ngendlela exhasa indlela ezenzekelayo nelandelelanayo yokufundwa kolwimi. Akufunekanga kufundiswe zonke izigaba zentetho kwezo veki zimbini kodwa qiniseka ukuba zonke izigaba zentetho ezidwelisiweyo ziyagqitywa ekupheleni konyaka. Ezinye iiveki ezimbini zinokugcwaliswa zizigaba zentetho zezakhi nemigaqo yolwimi; loo nto ayithethi ukuba zonke kufuneka zifundiswe kwezo veki zimbini. Kucingelwa ukuba uninzi lwezi zigaba zentetho sele zifundiwe kwisigaba esiphakathi. KwisiGaba esiPhezulu ukufundiswa kwezi zigaba zentetho kuya kuba ngohlobo lohlaziyo. Yenza imisebenzi enentsingiselo kubafundi yaye enxulumene neetekisi abazifundayo kwezo veki zimbini. Kufuneka kwenziwe eminye imisebenzi efana nale ngokuya abafundi beqhuba ukusuka kwiBanga lesi-7 ukuya kwele-9. Yikhethe ngobunono imigaqo oza kubacacisela yona abafundi uze uyigcine imbalwa kangangoko. Ukufunda kufuneka kudibanise zonke izakhono nezakhi zolwimi nanjengoko zihambelana. Zonke ezi zakhono mazifundiswe ngokusemxholweni. Qaphela ukuba nangona kunjalo kukho ixesha elilodwa elibekelwe ukufundiswa okusesikweni kwezakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi. 58 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
3.4 Itheyibhile yesicwangciso sokufundisa CAPS IBANGA LE-7 IKOTA YOKU- 1 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ukuzazisa: wena okanye abanye Itekisi yoncwadi: Amabalana Ukubhala umhlathi obalisayo Bethelela izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi efundiswe kwisiGaba esiPhakathi • Ukufundisa iimpawu nemigaqo • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana Imigaqo yokubhalwa kwemihlathi: yokuzazisa nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa Inqanaba lokusebenza ngegama: • Isivakalisi esiyintloko somhlathi kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, Izibizo, izakhi zezibizo: isimaphambili, • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo ingcambu, isiqu, indidi zezibizo Ukuphulaphula ibali umxholo • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukwakha Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukuchonga ingcinga engundoqo Inkqubo yokufunda: umhlathi ovakalayo Izivakalisi ezilula, intloko, isivisa, nexhasayo kwibali elifutshane injongosenzi, ixesha langoku, ixesha • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukuvelisa elidlulileyo • Ukuthatha amanqaku ukunamathelana kwemihlathi • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo, isingxi, • Ukwabelana ngeengcinga namava zeetekisi) • Ukuchaza iimfuno zeetekisi ezifana ikoma, ikholonii, isemi kholonii, ukubonisa ukuqonda iingqiqo nokubalisa ibali • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci Ukubalisa ibali kwakhona imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukusebenzisa amagama nesimbo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni ukuphonononga) sokubhala esifanelekileyo • Ukubalisa iziganeko Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo ngokulandelelanisa ngokuchanekilyo Ubuchule baphambi kokufunda • Ukubhala usebenzisa ixesha zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi elidlulileyo • Ukuxela abalinganiswa • Ukunakana iimpawu zetekisi ezifana ngokuchanekileyo netayitile, izihloko, imizobo Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ukuxela ixesha lokulandelelana • Ukunakana iindawana zencwadi • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, kweziganeko ezifana nezi uqweqwe, iphepha • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, ekubhalwe kulo itayitile, izahluko, Ukubalisa ibali inkcazelo yamagama, isalathiso • Ukuhlaziya, • Ukufundisa imigaqo yokubalisa Isicatshulwa esifundwayo nobuchule • Ukuhlela, ibali: izakhono zokuthetha, ithoni, bokufunda indlela yokubiza amagama, isantya, • Ukulungisa iziphene imvakalozwi, ukunamethelisa iliso, • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza nokukrwaqula • Nokunikezela indlela yokuma, izijekulo • Ukufunda ngokunzulu Ukubhala ibali elisekelwe kumava • Ukubalisa ibali ngamara akhe akhe. • Ukucinga/ukuthelekelela • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo nezigqibo, • Inyani noluvo 59 • Iintsingiselo zamagama IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 60 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi: Isihobe Ukubhala okuyilwayo: Ukubhala Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki umbongo wakhe ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula nokuxoxa ngombongo Iindlela zokufunda Imigaqo yokubhalwa kwezitanza: Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Ukwabelana ngeengcinga nangamava • Ukuzifundela ngabanye izenzi, izimelabizo, izichazi nokubonisa ukuqonda iingqiqo • Isakhiwo sesitanza Ubuchule baphambi kokufunda Iintsingiselo zamagama: imvano • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukwakha • Ukunakana iimpawu zetekisi ezifana ziphelo, amagama abolekiweyo, imihlathi enamatheleneyo • Ukuchazela umhlobo wakho ukuba netayitile, izihloko, imizobo Izaci namaqhalo kutheni uthanda umbongo othile • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi • Ukunaka iindawana zencwadi ezifana ezahlukileyo ezinobude nezakhiwo Imfanozandi Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo noqweqwe, iphepha elibonisa itayitile ezahlukileyo okulungiselelweyo yencwadi, isalathiso, izahluko, Izafobe: izifaniso, izikweko, inkcazelo yamagama, isalathiso • Ukhetho-magama • Ithoni, imvakalozwi, ubizo-magama, Izikhuzo ukunamathela kweliso Isihobe • Intsingiselo efihlakaleyo Izifanekisozwi • Ukuthathela ingqalelo iimpawu • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Izithethantonye, izichasi zokubhala • Iimpawu zombongo zangaphakathi, • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Iimpawu zokubhala: • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba izigaba zentetho zentetho/umfanekiso • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, ngokufanelekileyo ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho Isingxi, ikoma • Ukuhlaziya, • Iimpawu zombongo zangaphandle, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni imigca, izitanza, ubuchule • Ukuhlela, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo bokushicelela • Ukulungisa iziphene zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Nokunikezela • Isimo Ukubhala umbongo • Umxholo nomyalezo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi: Idrama (umboniso Ukubhala ingxoxo yababini, Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki omnye) ukulinganisa umdlalo ezingaphambili Ukuncokola ngedrama: • Iimpawu eziphambili zoncwadi • Iimfuno zoyilo, isimbo, imbono Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiincoko ezifana nabalinganiswa, ukwakhiwa Izibizo ezimbaxa ezingekho sesikweni malunga • Abaphulaphuli kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, nesihloko esilula Izenzi, imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Injongo nemeko • Ukusebenzisa amagama awohlukileyo, umxholo Izimelabizo: izimelabizo zoqobo, • Ukukhetha amagama isimbo, ithoni ukulungiselela imeko Inkqubo yokufunda: Izichazi: isiphawuli nesibaluli ezahlukileyo • Ukufaneleka kweentetho • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukugcina incoko • Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Izivakalisi ezilula, iintetho, ixesha • Ukuchonga iingcinga ezingundoqo Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala zeetekisi) langoku, ixesha elidlulileyo, intloko, nezixhasayo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, isivumelani sentloko • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukuthatha amanqaku imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Intsingiselo yamagama: • Ukuphendula imibuzo ukuphonononga) izithethantonye, izichasi, izaci • Ukuhlaziya, namaqhalo, izafobe: isimntwiso, Ingxoxo yababini Isihobe • Ukuhlela, isikweko, isifaniso, isihlonipho • Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukulungisa iziphene Iimpawu zokubhala: ikholonii, iimpawu yababini • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, zocaphulo, iikoma, uphawu lombuzo, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Nokunikezela uphawu lokhuzo • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Isakhiwo sangaphandle zombongo, • Ukuqaphela imigaqo yencoko phakath Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo imigca, izitanza, ubuchule kwabantu ababini umz ukunikana zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi bokushicelela amathuba • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba ngokufanelekileyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda (iindlela) • Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga esebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela amagama kwitekisi efundwayo. 61 • Ukuqonda ulwimi ngokunzulu IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 62 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi: ibalana/uncwadi Ukubhala isigxeko ncomo sencwadi Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki lwemveli (irivyu/ileta ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula ibali elifutshane okanye uncwadi lwemveli/intsomi • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana • Iimfuno zoyilo nesimbo sokubhala Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa/ isinye nesininzi, isinciphiso, isandiso, • Ukuchonga ingcinga engundoqo • Injongo yabaphulaphuli nemeko ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, izichazi: isimnini nexhasayo nokuthatha amanqaku impixano, imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, • Ukudibanisa imihlathi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi, • Ukwabelana ngezimvo namava unobalisa, umxholo • Ukukhethwa kwamagama ixesha langoku, ixesha elidlulileyo, imo nokubonisa ukulandela iingqiqo Inkqubo yokufunda: evumayo nelandulayo Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ukuchonga ubuchule bokucenga • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) Intsingiselo yegama: oomabizwafane, nokuqhatha ngobuchule apho • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, ooqashi-qashi, izaci namaqhalo kuyimfuneko • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, zeetekisi) Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ukuhlaziya, • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo Ingxoxo yeqela/yephaneli imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuhlela, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi Ukuxoxa ngebalana/intsomi ebiyifundwe ukuphonononga) • Ukulungisa iziphene kumsebenzi ongaphambili Isihobe • Nokunikezela • Ukuchonga abalinganiswa • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo Ukubhala ileta/isigxeko ncomo • Ukuxoxa ngomxholo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, sencwadi ulandela inkqubo yokubhala • Ukuxoxa ngoluvo oluthile izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukunxulumanisa • Isakhiwo sangaphandle zombongo, • Umxholo nokwenzeka ebomini bakhe imigca, izitanza, ubuchule bokushicelela INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza nokukrwaqula IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga usebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela amagama kwitekisi efundwayo.
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 9-10 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi: amabalana Ukubhala isincoko esichazayo Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana Imigaqo yokubhala imihlathi: ezingaphambili • Ukuchaza inkqubo yokuphulaphula nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa • Isivakalisi esiyintloko somhlathi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, izimaphambili, izimamva, ingcambu, • Ukuthatha amanqaku • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, izenzi, izimelabizo zoqobo zokugxininisa, • Ukuphendula imibuzo umxholo • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukwakha izihlanganisi Ingxoxo yeqela umhlathi odibeneyo Inkqubo yokufunda: Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: Ukuxoxa ngebalana/intsomi ebifundwe • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, izivakalisi ezimbaxa • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) kumsebenzi ongaphambili ezinobude nesakhiwo esahlukileyo. • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Intsingisela yegama: izichasi, • Ukuchonga abalinganiswa Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala izithethantonye zeetekisi) • Ukuxoxa ngomxholo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukuxoxa ngoluvo oluthile imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Ukusebenzisa isichazi-magama, iipateni • Ukunxulumanisa umxholo namava ukuphonononga) • Ukuhlaziya, zokupela, imigaqo yopelo akhe Isihobe • Ukuhlela, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukulungisa iziphene Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Nokunikezela zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso Ukunikezela isincoko ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imigca, izitanza, ubuchule bokushicelela • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda (iindlela/ubuchule) • Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo nokukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo nezigqibo • Inyani noluvo/ingcinga • Iintsingiselo zamagama • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga esebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela amagama kwitekisi efundwayo. 63 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
UKUHLOLA: IKOTA YOKU- 1 UMSEBENZI WOKU-1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI-2: UKUBHALA UMSEBENZI WESI-3: UVAVANYO LOKU-1 64 Ukubalisa ibali/ukuxoxa ngombongo/ingxoxo yababini/ Isincoko esichazayo/esibalisayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ingxoxo yeqela/ingxoxo yephaneli Ileta yobuhlobo/irivyu/ingxoxo yababini INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LESI-7 IKOTA YESI-2 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA CAPS YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjenge noveli Ukubhala: Isincoko esibalisayo Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki yolutsha/umdlalo ezingaphambili Isincoko esiphulaphulwayo: Imigaqo yokubhala imihlathi: • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana Umgangatho wemagama: Izibizo • Ukucacisa inkqubo yokuphulaphula • Isivakalisi esiyintloko somhlathi nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa ezimbaxa, isivisa, injongosenzi, izibizo • Ukuthatha amanqaku kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo ezintsingiselo mbini, izenzi, izichazi imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukwakha Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: umxholo umhlathi onamatheleneyo izivakalisi ezilula, ixesha langoku, ixesha Ukubalisa ibali Inkqubo yokufunda: elidlulileyo • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, • Ukubunjwa kwabalinganiswa • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) ezinobude nezakhiwo ezahlukileyo. Intsingiselo yamagama: • Ukukhetho-magama • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu izithethantonye, izichasi Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba zeetekisi) Intsingiselo ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo, • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula ulwimi oluchukumisayo • Ukutolika Isimo, imvakalozwi/ithoni, imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, izigqebelo, izizizothuso nesiphelo Iimpawu zokufunda: isingxi, ikoma, ukuphonononga) • Ukuhlaziya, uphawu lokhuzo, uphawu lombuzo Ukufunda/ukubukelela ukuqonda (sebenzisa itekisi ebhaliweyo okanye • Ukuhlela, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni ebonwayo efana nezicwili zokuhlekisa • Ukulungisa iziphene Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo (iikhathuni) zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Nokunikezela • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo • Ukwenza intelekelelo (abalinganiswa, isimo sentlalo, imekobume, umyalezo) • Ulwimi oluchukumisayo • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga esebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela amagama kwitekisi efundwayo. 65 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 66 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda Ukubhala itekisi emfutshane Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki itekisi ebhaliweyo okanye ebonwayo enesakhiwo esithile: ezingaphambili Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo efana nesibhengezo (itekisi ebhalwayo/ukufundwa Isibhengezo/ipowusta Inqanaba lokusebenza kweendaba zikamabonakude) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ngamagama: Izibizo, isini sobuduna • Iimfuno zoyilo nesobukhomokazi, isinye nesinzi • Ukucacisa inkqubo yokuphulaphula • Ukukrwaqula • Injongo, abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe Izichazi, izikhuzo • Ukuthatha amanqaku • Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo kubo nemeko Izimelabizo: esokwalatha, esoqobo • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ukwenza intelekelelo (abalinganiswa, • Ukukhethwa kwamagama nokwakhiwa isimo sentlalo, imekobume, umyalezo) kwezivakalisi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: Iindlela ezahlukileyo zonxibelelwano Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho, izivakalisi ngomlomo: Ingxoxo-mpikiswano • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama • Izinto ezibonwayo ezifana nohlobo ezilula nezimbaxa (ngokubhengeza) angaqhelekanga esebenzisa isakhono loshicelelo nobungakanani, izihloko, sokukwazi ukuthelekelela amagama umqondiso, umbala) Intsingiselo yegama: izithethantonye, • Khetha isihloko esifanelekileyo kwitekisi efundwayo. izichasi, intsingiselo ecacileyo • Ulwimi olucengayo • Ukunikezela ingxelo evakalayo nentsingiselo efihlakaleyo, uzalwano • Ulwimi oluqhatha ngobuchule Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala nolwalamano (igama elinye endaweni • Ukusebenzisa isixhobo • Ulwimi olusesikweni/ulwimi olungekho yebinzana) sokunamathelisa ngokufanelekileyo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, sesikweni Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: ikholonii, • Ukusebenzisa isigama nezakhi • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli isemi-kholonii, ifonti, izafobe: isikweko, zolwimi ezichanekileyo, emfutshane • Ukuhlaziya, isifaniso, ubaxo • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi oluchukumisayo, • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana • Ukuhlela, Uphawu lokhuzo, isimeli-nobumba, noluqhathayo nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa isingqisho, isifanadumo, imfanozandi, • Ukulungisa iziphene izifanekisozwi • Ukulandela iinkqubo kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Nokunikezela Ukusebenzisa isichazi-magama umxholo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA Inkqubo yokufunda: Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi/ zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi Ngeli xesha ufundayo • (iimpawu zeetekisi) • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, ukuphonononga) IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Funda itekisi enika imiyalelo Itekisi emfutshane: itekisi enika Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki enjengetekisi enika imiyalelo imiyalelo ezingaphambili Ingxoxo yeqela/yeklasi malunga yenkqubo nokunika imiyalelo okanye ukulandela • Iimfuno zoyilo nesimbo sokubhala Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: inkqubo • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana • Injongo, abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe Izenzi: iindidi zezenzi, isiyaleli; nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa • Ukukhetha isihloko kubo nemeko Isimelabizo sokwalatha kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, • Ukwabelana ngezimvo imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Ukunamathelana kwemihlathi Izichazi umxholo • Ukunikana amathuba nokuphulaphula • Ukukhethwa kwamagama nokwakhiwa Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: ngononophelo Inkqubo yokufunda: kwezivakalisi Amaxesha ezenzi: ixesha elizayo, ixesha • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) langoku, ixesha elidlulileyo • Ukugcwalisa izithuba Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Intsingiselo yegama: izaci namaqhalo, • Ukusebenzisa amagama azimeleyo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, zeetekisi) isifanadumo, izifanekisozwi angayiguquliyo intsingiselo yesivakalisi • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, ukugcina ingxoxo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Impawu zokubhala: iqhagamshela; imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuhlaziya, isimeli-nobumba Intetho elungiselelweyo ukuphonononga) nengalungiselelwanga • Ukuhlela, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni Isihobe • Ukukhetha nokusebenzisa amagama • Ukulungisa iziphene Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukusebenzisa ithoni, isantya • Nokunikezela nemvakalozwi • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso Ukubhala itekisi enika imiyalelo • Ukusebenzisa imikhondo xa unikezela ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, ngokufanelekileyo imigca, izitanza, ubuchule bokushicelela • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 67 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 68 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda itekisi yoncwadi Ukubhala irivyu sedrama Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki enjengomdlalo ezingaphambili Ukulinganisa Imigaqo yokubhala umhlathi: • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Ukulinganisa iindawo abelwe yona • Isivakalisi esiyintloko somhlathi nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa Izenzi ezinokusetyenziswa • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo nenjongosenzi okanye ngaphandle imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, kwayo • Ukulandela imigaqo • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukwakha umxholo umhlathi onamatheleneyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba Inkqubo yokufunda: Ixesha langoku; intetho ngqo nengxelo- olufanelekileyo • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, ntetho • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) ezinobude nesakhiwo esahlukileyo. Uphando ngolinganiso • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Intsingiselo yegama: Izithethantonye Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ukwenza uxwebhu lwemibuzo zeetekisi) nezichasi, intsingiselo ecacileyo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, nentsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Ukulandela imigaqo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Iimpawu zokubhala: ikholonii; iimpawu • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo ukuphonononga) zocaphulo, uphawu lombuzo; ikoma, • Ukuhlaziya, isingxi • Ukwenza ingxelo ngeziphumo zophando • Ukuhlela, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukulungisa iziphene Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Nokunikezela zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi 9-10 UKUHLOLA: IKOTA YESI-2 UMSEBENZI WOKU- 1: ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI-2: UVAVANYO LWESI-2 UMSEBENZI WESI-3 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo/ingxoxo-mpikiswano/ Uncwadi: Imibuzo ebhekiselele kuncwadi Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni/zika Juni incoko/intetho engalungiselelwanga/ingxoxo yeqela Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi malunga nokunika imiyalelo noncwadi Iphepha lesi -3: Ukubhala: Isincoko esi-1umhlathi/itekisi yonxibelelwano e-1 (iyure e-1) IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LESI-7 IKOTA YESI-3 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA CAPS YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Ukufunda itekisi ngokubaluleka Imihlathi/iitekisi zonxibelelwano Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha koxwebhu lwemibuzo nendlela ezimfutshane: ukugcwalisa ifomu ezingaphambili yokulugcwalisa okanye uxwebhu lwemibuzo: Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: malunga yokugcwalisa ifomu/ • Ulwazi olufunwayo • Ukulandela imiyalelo echanekileyo izibizo; isihlomelo sobunjani nesexesha; uxwebhu lwemibuzo izichazi • Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo • Ukunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo • Ukuziqhelanisa nenkqubo ngexesha elifanelekileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi • Utyikityo yokuphulaphula • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo Izibizo ezimbaxa Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukuthatha amanqaku Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Intsingiselo yegama: Izithethantonye • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi/ • Ukuphendula imibuzo nezichasi, oomabizwafane Ngeli xesha ufundayo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Indlela ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano • (iimpawu zeetekisi) Iimpawu zokubhala: Uphawu lombuzo; • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, ngomlomo usebenzisa uxwebhu oonobumba abakhulu; iqhagamshela lwemibuzo okanye ifomu • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukuhlaziya, imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Izifinyezo (umz. Nkosk.) Ingxoxo yeforam, iingxoxo zephaneli ukuphonononga) • Ukuhlela, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukukhetha Ukufundela/Ukubukelela ukuqonda • Ukulungisa iziphene Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukwabelana ngezimvo • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Nokunikezela zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukunikana amathuba nokuphulaphula • Ukukrwaqula ngononophelo • Ukushwankathela • Ukugcwalisa izithuba • Ukuzakhela umfanekiso ngqondweni • Ukusebenzisa amagama azimeleyo angayiguquliyo intsingiselo • Ukuthelekelela yesivakalisi ukugcina ingxoxo • Iintsingiselo zamagama 69 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 70 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Ukufunda itekisi yoncwadi Imihlathi/itekisi ezinde Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha umz umdlalo wolutsha/umdlalo zonxibelelwano umz ezingaphambili kanomathotholo Ukuphulaphula umdlalo (Incoko Ingxoxo yababini/ Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: phakathi kwabantu ababini/udliwano- • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana izibizo, isinye, isininzi Udliwano-ndlebe olubhaliweyo ndlebe) nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa Izichazi kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, • Iimfuno zoyilo • Ukuqulunqa uxwebhu lwemibuzo imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi\ • Injongo, abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe • Ukulandela imigaqo umxholo Izivakalisi ezilula, izivakalisi ezimbaxa, kubo nemeko Isivumelanisi sentloko nesivumelanisi • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukukhetha amagama senjongosenzi • Ukuthatha amanqaku • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho • Ukunikezela ingxelo yophando • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu zeetekisi) Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Intsingiselo yamagama Iindlela ezahlukileyo zonxibelelwano • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Iimpawu zokubhala: ikholonii, iimpawu ngomlomo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, zocaphulo; ikoma; isimeli-nobumba; ukuphonononga) • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Ukulinganisa uphawu lombuzo Isihobe • Ukuhlaziya, Ukutshintsha uhlobo oluthile lwetekisi Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni uluse kolunye • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukuhlela, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukulinganisa ingxoxo yababini • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukulungisa iziphene zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi nangaphezulu izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Nokunikezela • Ukulinganisa kugcinwe umoya ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, nenjongo yetekisi yentsusa isingqisho • Ukuveliswa kwabalinganisa • Isakhiwo sangaphandle zombongo, usebenzisa isinxibo esithile imigca, izitanza, ubuchule bokushicilela INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Ukusebenzisa isinxibo esifanelekileyo ukuyila isimo sentlalo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Funda itekisi ngendlela yokubhala Imihlathi emide yonxibelelwano umz Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha isaziso/i-ajenda nemizuzu isaziso/i-ajenda nemizuzu ezingaphambili Iindlela ezahlukileyo zonxibelelwano • Abadlali • Ukuchonga abaphulaphuli nenjongo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama ngomlomo yokubhala; • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Izimelabizo: ezoquko Ukulinganisa: inkqubo yentlanganiso • Ukwenza isigqibo ngesimbo, imbono • Uyilo Izimnini. noyilo nendlela yokubhala; • Ukuvula okuncomekayo/intshayelelo • Ukudlala indima Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukukhetha amagama nezakhi zolwimi • Ukusebenzisa ithoni, isantya ixesha langoku, ixesha elidlulileyo; Inkqubo yokufunda: nemvakalozwi Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho; izixando • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Intsingiselo yamagama: • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba zeetekisi) • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizenzi olufanelekileyo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukuhlaziya, Iimpawu zokubhala: isimeli-nobumba; • Isiphelo esincomekayo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, oonobumba abakhulu; ikoma; isingxi; • Ukuhlela, ukuphonononga) ikholonii Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda • Ukulungisa iziphene Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni (itekisi ebhaliweyo/iindaba itekisi ebhaliweyo/itekisi ebonwayo/ • Nokunikezela zikamabonakude) igrafu Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukucacisa inkqubo yokuphulaphula • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukuthatha amanqaku • Ukukrwaqula/ukufuna iinkcukacha • Ukuphendula imibuzo ezixhasayo • Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo • Ukwenza intelekelelo • Ukuthelekelela iintsingiselo zamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso • Ukuchonga ingcinga engundoqo nexhasayo • Ukuveza izimvo zakhe 71 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 72 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukufumana Imihlathi emide/nemifutshane Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha ulwazi (ukusebenzisa iitekisi ezifana: yonxibelelwano: inqaku ezingaphambili inqaku lephephandaba/lemagazini/ lephephandaba Ukuphulaphula nokuxoxa Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: iintetho ezibhaliweyo) iindaba zanamhla ezisekelwe • Iimfuno zoyilo, isimbo sokubhala Iindidi zezibizo kumaphephandaba namanqaku • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Injongo, abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe emagazini Izichazi • Ukukrwaqula ukufuna iinkcukacha kubo nemeko • Ukusebenzisa ithoni, isantya ezixhasayo Inqanaba lesivakalisi: • Ukukhethwa kwamagama nezakhi nemvakalozwi • Ukuqikelela zolwimi Ukulandelelanisa izinto • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi oluvuselela ngokokubaluleka; umhlathi ochazayo, • Ukuchonga inyani nezimvo Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala umxhelo ulwimi olucengayo, ulwimi oluvuselela • Ukuchonga izimvo zombali • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, umxhelo, ukuxhasa icala elinye, • Ukusebenzisa imikhondo ingcinga okanye intetho esoloko • Ukuthelekelela amagama • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Ukulandela imigaqo isetyenziswa njalo ebonisa abantu • Angaqhelekang a nemifanekiso • Ukuhlaziya, abathile nohlobo oluthile, intetho • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba esetyenziswa ngumbhali ukuvuselela elufanelekileyo • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni • Ukuhlela, nokucenga abaphulaphuli umz. izafobe. nolungekho sesikweni • Ukusebenzisa intshayelelo nesiphelo • Ukulungisa iziphene Intsingiselo yegama esisiso ukutsala umdla • Intsingiselo ecacileyo necetyiswayo • Nokunikezela ngaphandle kokuba ixelwe ngqo Izithethantonye, izichasi, intsingiselo • Injongo, abaphulaphuli nemeko. Ukubhala inqaku lephephandaba ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo • Ukuqaphela izigaba zentetho Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo Iimpawu zokubhala: iimpawu okulungiselelweyo Ukubhala uvavanyo lokuqonda zocaphulo; uphawu lokhuzo isingxi; nokungalungiselelwanga kwenqaku uphawu lombuzo lephepha Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukusebenzisa imvakalozwi nesantya INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA esifanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa ithoni, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo isantya nemvakalozwi zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukuqaphela iimpawu zokubhala • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba efanelekileyo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 9-10 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli Ukubhala isincoko esibalisayo/ Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha yolutsha/amabali amafutshane/ esichazayo ezingaphambili umdlalo/umdlalo kanomathotholo Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo • Iimfuno zoyilo, isimbo sokubhala, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: esisekelwe ekunikeni izalathisi • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana imbono Izibizo ezimbaxa nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa • Ukuziqhelanisa nenkqubo • Injongo, abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe Izimelabizo: esoqobo sokugxininisa kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, yokuphulaphula kubo nemeko imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, Izichazi • Ukuthatha amanqaku umxholo • Ukukhethwa kwamagama nezakhi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: zolwimi • Ukuphendula imibuzo Inkqubo yokufunda: umhlathi, izivakalisi ezilula, izivakalisi • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala ezimbaxa, ixesha langoku, ixesha Iindlela ezahlukileyo zonxibelelwano elidlulileyo, ixesha elizayo, isihlomelo ngomlomo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, sendawo nesexesha • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo zeetekisi) • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Intsingiselo yamagama: • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukusebenzisa izivakalisi ezifutshane • Ukuhlaziya, isithethantonye, isichasi, intsingiselo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, ezinefuthe ecacileyo, intsingiselo efihlakeleyo ukuphonononga) • Ukuhlela, • Ukulandela iinkcukacha Isihobe Iimpawu zokubhala: isingxi; ikoma; • Ukulungisa iziphene ikholonii, isemi kholonii, iimpawu • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Nokunikezela zocaphulo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo isingqisho zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Isakhiwo sangaphandle zombongo, imigca, izitanza, ubuchule bokushicelela • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 73 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 74 Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda ulwazi umz itekisi ebhaliweyo/itekisi ebonwayo • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukukrwaqula ukufumana iinkcukacha ezixhasayo • Ukuqikelela • Ukuchonga inyani nezimvo • Ukuchonga izimvo zombali • Ukuthelekelela amagama • Nemifanekiso • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni nolungekho sesikweni • Intsingiselo ecacileyo necingelwayo • Ngaphandle kokuba ixelwe ngqo. UKUHLOLA: IKOTA YESI-3 UMSEBENZI WOKU- 1: ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI-2: UVAVANYO LWESI-2 UMSEBENZI WESI-3 Ukulinganisa - imigaqo yentlanganiso/ukufunda Isincoko esibalisayo/esichazayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi okungalungiselelwanga/izalathisi/ingxoxo yeforam/ I-ajenda nemizuzu OKANYE ingxoxo yephaneli INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA Uncwadi IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LESI-7 IKOTA YESI-4 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO CAPS IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli Imihlathi emide/emifutshane Umz. Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha yolutsha/amabali amafutshane/umdlalo/ ukunika izalathisi ezingaphambili umdlalo kanomathotholo Intetho engalungiselelwanga • Iimfuno zoyilo, isimbo sokubhala Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana Izibizo ezimbaxa Ukwazisa isithethi/ukwenza umbulelo/ • Abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo, nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa ukubalisa ibali Injongo, nemeko Izichazi: iziphawuli, izibaluli kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, • Ukukhetha isihloko ngokufanelekileyo imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Ukukhethwa kwamagama nezakhi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: umxholo zolwimi • Ukucwangcisa ulwazi ngokuvakalayo Izivakalisi ezilula, izivakalisi ezimbaxa Inkqubo yokufunda: Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ukuchonga isigama, izakhi zolwimi Izivakalisi ezixananazileyo amagatya, • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi/ • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, obalulo • Ukusebenzisa intshayelelo nesiphelo Ngeli xesha ufundayo) esinefuthe • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Intsingiselo yegama: • (iimpawu zeetekisi) • Iimpawu nemigaqo (ubuchule • Ukuhlaziya, Izithethantonye, izichasi • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula bokwenza intetho, isakhiwo.) imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuhlela, Intsingiselo ecacileyo, intsingiselo Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo ukuphonononga) efihlakeleyo, izichazi, • Ukulungisa iziphene Ithoni, imvakalozwi, ukubiza-magama Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda Izihlomelo • Nokunikezela (sebenzisa itekisi ebhaliweyo/itekisi • Ukuthathela ingqalelo iimpawu Iimpawu zokubhala: isemikholonii; ebonwayo) zokubhala iimpawu zocaphulo; isingxi; isimeli- • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza nobumba • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba efanelekileyo • Ukukrwaqula ukufuna iinkcukacha Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni ezixhasayo Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukuqikelela zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukuthelekelela amagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso • Ukuchonga ingcinga engundoqo nexhasayo • Ukuchonga inyani nezimvo • Ukwenza iintelekelelo nezigqibo • Ukuvakalisa izimvo zakhe 75 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 76 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Ukufunda itekisi enedayari/i-imeyile/ Imihlathi emide/emifutshane Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha iiflaya yonxibelelwano: umz. I-imeyile, ezingaphambili ipowusta/idayari/iflaya Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo • Uyilo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama • Iimfuno zoyilo, isimbo sokubhala, izimelabizo - sokwalatha, izibizo (itekisi ebhaliweyo/ufundo lweendaba • Ulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo imbono zikamabonakude) Izenzi • Abaphulaphuli • Injongo, abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe • Ukucacisa inkqubo yokuphulaphula Izichazi Inkqubo yokufunda: kubo nemeko • Ukuthatha amanqaku Izimaphambili, izimamva neengcambu. • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Ukukhethwa kwamagama, iinkcazelo • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu ezingathanga gca Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: zeetekisi) Intetho ngqo, imibuzo, isivumelanisi Iindlela ezahlukileyo zonxibelelwano • Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi, ubude sentloko, intetho ngomlomo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula neentlobo. imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Intsingiselo yegama: izichasi; Ingxoxo-mpikiswano/ingxoxo yeqela: Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala ukuphonononga) intsingiselo ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo xoxa ngokusetyenziswa kweimeyile/ • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, iipowusta/idayari/iiflaya Isihobe/uncwadi lwemveli Iimpawu zokubhala iimpawu • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, zocaphulo, iimpawu zemibuzo; ikoma; • Iimpawu nemigaqo • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo iimpawu zokhuzo; ifonti • Ukuhlaziya, • Ukucwangcisa, uphando, • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni ukulungiselela nokunikezela izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukuhlela, ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukulungisa iziphene zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imigca, izitanza, ubuchule • Nokunikezela bokushicelela Velisa enye yezi tekisi zikhankanywe • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo ngasentla. INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Ukufunda itekisi yoncwadi umz Ukuhlaziya nokulungiselela uviwo Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha inoveli yolutsha/ibali elifutshane/ ezingaphambili Izincoko umdlalo/intsomi Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo: Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama Inqanaba lokulungiselela • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi ezifana • Ukucacisa inkqubo yokuphulaphula Izenzi nezi: abalinganiswa ukwakhiwa • Iimfuno zoyilo, isimbo, imbono • Ukuphendula imibuzo kwabalinganiswa, isakhiwo, impixano, Izichazi • Abaphulaphuli, injongo nemeko imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, Intetho elungiselelweyo Inqanaba lokusebenza umxholo • Ukukhetha amagama ngezivakalisi: Ukulandelelanisa • Ukusebenzisa ithoni/isandi, isantya Isihobe: imibongo emiselweyo • Iimfuno zoyilo, isimbo sokubhala, izinto ngokokubaluleka; umhlathi nemvakalozwi imbono ochazayo, ulwimi olucengayo, ulwimi • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olucengayo oluvuselela umxhelo, ukuxhasa icala • Abaphulaphuli, injongo nemeko • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, elinye, ingcinga okanye intetho esoloko • Ukusebenzisa imikhondo izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukukhethwa kwamagama isetyenziswa njalo ebonisa abantu • Ukulandela imigaqo ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho abathile nohlobo oluthile, intetho Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala esetyenziswa ngumbhali ukuvuselela • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, nokucenga abaphulaphuli umz. izafobe. ngokufanelekileyo imigca, izitanza, ubuchule bokushicelela • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Ukusebenzisa intshayelelo nesiphelo isithethantonye, isichasi esitsala umdla • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Ukuhlaziya, Iimpawu zokubhala: isingxi; ikoma; • Ukuthathela ingqalelo injongo, • Isimo • Ukuhlela, iimpawu zokhuzo; uphawu lombuzo abaphulaphuli, imeko. • Umxholo nomyalezo • Ukulungisa iziphene Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni Ukuhlalutya umbongo: • Nokunikezela Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Imigca, amagama, izitanza, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi iqhagamshela, ukuphindaphindo, ubuchule bokushicelela, iimpawu zokubhala. • Intsingiselo: efihlakeleyo necacileyo 77 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 78 7-8 Uhlaziyo nokulungiselela uviwo Uhlaziyo nokulungiselela uviwo Uhlaziyo nokulungiselela uviwo Uhlaziyo Ukuthetha: Ukufunda Ukubhala: Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: izimelabizo, izibizo, izenzi, izihlomelo, • Intetho elungiselelweyo/ingxoxo • Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo • Imihlathi/iitekisi zonxibelelwano izichazi mpikiswano/udliwano-ndlebe/incoko • Isicatshulwa Umangatho wesivakalisi: • Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo • Isishwankathelo Izivakalisi ezilula nezimbaxa; intetho; • Ukufunda okungalungiselelwanga • Uncwadi: izivumelanisi zentloko, imibuzo Ukuphulaphula -- Inoveli /amabalana/intsomi Intsingiselo yamagama: • Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo izithethantonye, izichasi, intsingiselo -- Umdlalo/ukufunda ngefilim ecacileyo nentsingiselo efihlakeleyo -- Imibongo Iimpawu zokubhala Ukuhlola okusesikweni nokuhlola kwasekupheleni konyaka: Ikota yesi-4 9-10 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Uviwo lasekupheleni konyaka Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo/ingxoxo-mpikiswano/ingxoxo yeqela/intetho Iphepha loku-1: I-orali engalungiselelwanga/udliwano-ndlebe Iphepha lesi-2: Ukubhala (iyure e-1) Iphepha lesi-3: Isicatshulwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi (iiyure ezi-2) INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LESI-8 IKOTA YOKU-1 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO CAPS IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Itekisi yoncwadi enjengamabali Ukubhala isincoko: Bethelela izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi nokuthetha: amafutshane olutsha efundiswe kwiBanga lesi-7 Esibalisayo/isincoko esicamngcayo Ingxoxo yeqela - Ukuqokelela/ • Ingxoxo gabalala kwiimpawu Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Ukhetho lwamagama eziphambili, njengomlinganiswa, ukujula izimvo; ukukhetha iingcinga Iindidi zezibizo, izakhi zezibizo: iimpawu, isakhiwo, impixano, • Ilizwi lakhe nesimbo sokubhala ezifanelekileyo; ukulandelelanisa imvelaphi yebali, Isimo sentlalo, isimaphambili, ingcambu, isimamva • Inkcazeloo ecacileyo iingcinga eziphambili unobalisa, umxholo • Ithoni Isinye, isininzi Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo Inkqubo yokufunda • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo Umsebenzi wezinga lwezivakalisi: • Ukurekhodisha iingcinga eziphambili Ubuchule baphambi kokufunda nezixhasayo ngokuthatha amanqaku • Iimephu zengqondo yokulungelelanisa Intloko, isivisa, injongosenzi Ukufundisa abafundi: iingcinga ezinamatheleyo • Ukwabelana ngeengcinga nangamava Isivumelanisi sentloko nesenzi, nokubonakalisa ukuqonda iingqiqo • Iimpawu zetekisi - igama lencwadi, • Ukunikezela isincoko ukulungisela ukuhlolwa ukwakhiwa kwesivakalisi, izihloko, izihloko, imifanekiso • Ukuchonga ubuchule bokucenga nobokuqhatha • Izahlulo zencwadi - iphepha lokuqala Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Intsingiselo yamagama encwadini, uluhlu leengongoma, • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, izithethantonye, izichasi izahlulo, uluhlu lweenkcazelo, isalathiso sencwadi, isihlomelo, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo imibhalo ebhalwe emazantsi ephepha, • Ukuhlaziya, nokufunda: njl njl. • Ukuhlela, Uqhawulo-magama, ukusebenzisa Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukulungisa iziphene isichazi-magama, • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi/ • Nokunikezela Isingxi, • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu zeetekisi) Ukubhala isincoko ulandela inkqubo Ikoma, • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula yokubhala Ikholoni, isemi-kholoni imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, ukuphonononga) Uphawu lokubuza, Uphawu lokhuzo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi 79 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 80 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula Ukufunda intetho Ukubhala intetho Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nokuthetha: • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngeempawu ezingaphambili Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala eziphambili Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: Ukuphulaphula intetho (kapresidenti/ • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, • Ukuhlela ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Izibizo: isimaphambili, isimamva, Izibizo ilungu elinempembelelo ekuhlaleni) • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ukusetyenziswa ezimbaxa, izikhankanyi, izinciphiso, • Ukuxoxa ngeempawu zentetho • Ukuhlaziya, kolwimi oluchukumisayo okanye elungiselelweyo • Ukuhlela, isandiso, isiduna nesikhomokazi ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngobuchule • Ukuchonga nokucacisa • Ukulungisa iziphene Izenzi: ezithatha injongosenzi • Ukuhlela intshayelelo nesiphelo ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Nokunikezela nezingathathi njongosenzi • Ukuchonga nokuxoxa ngeempawu Inkqubo yokufunda ezikwintetho • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) Ukubhala intetho Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: Intetho elungiselelweyo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukucacisa okulindelekileyo kwitekisi Amabinzana ezenzi, amagatya ezenzi: zeetekisi) xa kubhalwa isincoko esichazayo isivakalisi esiyintloko, amabinzana • Ukukhetha isihloko esifanelekileyo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukuchonga abantu ekujoliswe kubo ezibizo, izihlanganisi, ulwimi • Ukulungiselela ulwazi ngokucacileyo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukwenza isigqibo ngesimbo • Ukuchonga isigama esisiso nezakhi oluchukumisayo noluqhathayo ukuphonononga) sokubhala, injongo nesakhiwo zolwimi Intsingiselo yamagama: Ubuchule bokufunda • Ukusebenzisa amagama afanelekileyo • Ukulungisa intshayelelo nesiphelo izithethantonye, izichasi, izafobe esifanelekileyo • Ukufunda ngokukhokhelwa, ukufunda • Ukubonisa ukukhula, uvutho ndaba ngamaqela, ukuzifundela ngokwakhe • Isiphelo Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: uphawu • Ukuziqhelanisa Ukufunda/ukubukela itekisi lokhuzo, uphawu lombuzo, ikoma, isingxi • Ukunikezela ebhaliweyo/ebonwayo ngenjongo Izifinyezo, izishunqulelo yokuqonda Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo nokukrwaqula zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Injongo neqela ekujoliswe kulo • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo nezigqibo • Ukuchonga intetho esetyenziswa ngobuchule • Ifuthe kukhetho noshiyo lwentsingiselo yetekisi IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Ukubonakalisa indlela ulwimi nemifanekiso ezibumba ngayo ukuxabiseka nokuziphatha • Impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kweendidi nobukhulu befonti nezihloko kwintsingiselo
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli/ Imihlathi/itekisi zonxibelelwano Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki amabali amafutshane/umdlalo ezingaphambili Ingxoxo zamaqela ngetekisi Iileta (ezobuhlobo/ezingekho sesikweni) ebonwayo, eviwa ibonwa/ • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Iimpawu zetekisi yoncwadi: njengomlinganiswa, Izihlomelo sobunjani, esexesha, imalthimidiya ukuphawula umlinganiswa, isakhiwo • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi esendawo • Ukuvuselela ulwazi lemvelaphi sebali, impixano, imvelaphi, Isimo • Irejista nesimbo sokubhala sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo Izichazi • Ukuthelekelela injongo yetekisi • Intshayelelo nesiphelo • Ukukhangela intsingiselo Ubuchule bokufunda Izihlanganisi Ukubhala ileta esekelwe kwitekisi • Ukuthatha amanqaku • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) ebonwayo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukuqonda umyalezo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Izivakalisi ezilula, izivakalisi ezimbaxa zeetekisi) Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo Intsingiselo yamagama: • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, (isandi sodwa) imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, izithethantonye, izichasi, izafobe: ukuphonononga) • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, isifaniso, isikweko, isimntwiso, ubaxo/ • Ukurekhodisha iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo ngokuthatha amanqaku, • Ukuhlaziya, ubabazo Isihobe ukwenza iitsheklisti, ukushwankathela, • Ukuhlela, ukwenza inkcazelo-ntetho nokuphinda • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo Iimpawu zokubhala nokufunda: ubalise • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ulwakhiwo lwaphakathi kombongo, Isingxi, ikoma, ikholoni Ukuphinda uyile imiboniso izafobe/izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Nokunikezela Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukuvumelana ngenguqulelo/ Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo ngentsingiselo eboniweyo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi imigca, izitanza zombongo, • Ukulinganisa ukwenzekileyo ukushicilela kwimiboniso yomibini • Izafobe • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 81 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 82 5-6 OKANYE Ukufunda/ukubukela isicatshulwa ngenjongo yokuqonda (ubuchule) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza nokukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo neziphelo • Ukuchonga ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngobuchule • Ifuthe lokhetho nokushiyiwa kwintsingiselo yetekisi • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa izakhono zokugxininisa amagama • Inyani noluvo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda inqaku lephephandaba Imihlathi/itekisi zonxibelelwano Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki okanye imagazini ezingaphambili Intetho engalungiselelwanga Ingxelo/inqaku lemagazini: kwinqaku lephephandaba okanye • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi Iimpawu zetekisi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: yoncwadi: njengomlinganiswa, izikhuzo, izichazi: iziphawuli, izimelabizo: imagazini Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ukwakhiwa/ukubunjwa komlinganiswa, esoqobo, esoqobo sokugxininisa • Ukulungisa ulwazi ngokucacileyo isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi, isimo Irejista nesimbo sokubhala sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukuchonga isigama esisiso nezakhi Intshayelelo nesiphelo zolwimi Inkqubo yokubhala izivakalisi ezilula, izivakalisi ezimbaxa, Ukubhala ingxelo/inqaku lemagazini • Ukuphendula itekisi elisekelwe kwimpembelelo ixesha langoku, ixesha eladlulayo, • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) yokubonwayo ixesha elizayo, ukuxhasa icala elinye, • Intshayelelo nesiphelo esinefuthe • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Ifuthe kwinkqubo yokubhala ulwimi olucengayo nolwimi oluvuselela zeetekisi) Ingxoxo yeforam/ingxoxo yeqela umxhelo, ingcinga okanye intetho • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, ngenqaku lephephandaba okanye esoloko isetyenziswa njalo ebonisa imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, lemagazini abantu abathile ngohlobo oluthile. ukuphonononga) • Iimpawu zetekisi • Ukuhlaziya, Isihobe Intsingiselo yamagama: • Izakhi nemigaqo yetekisi • Ukuhlela, • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo Izafobe, isigama ngokusemxholweni, • Ukubiza amagama • Ukulungisa iziphene • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, ngokwentsingiselo yegama, intsingiselo • Irejista nesimbo • Nokunikezela ecacileyo, engundoqo, izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho Intsingiselo ecingelwayo/efihlakeleyo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: imigca, amagama, izitanza zombongo • Ukushicilela Iimpawu zocaphulo, ikoma, isingxi, uphawu lokhuzo, isimeli-nobumba, • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo ukushiywa kwamagama kwisivakalisi • Isimo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Umxholo nomyalezo Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi 83 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 84 9 - 10 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda ingxelo yophando Itekisi emfutshane umz. Ingxelo Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki • Iimpawu eziphambili zengxelo yophando ezingaphambili I-orali: udliwano-ndlebe/ukuzalisa uxwebhu lwemibuzo yengxelo/ • Isakhiwo • Injongo, iqela ekujoliswe kulo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: nesakhiwo ingxoxo yeqela • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi izenzi, izikhankanyi, izimelabizo: • Imigaqo yomhlathana esokwalatha, esoquko • Ukuphanda ngesihloko Inkqubo yokufunda • Izihlanganisi ukucacisa • Ukulungiselela/ukulungisa imatheriyeli Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi/ - uxhasa ngemizekelo ngokucacileyo • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho, intetho, Ngeli xesha ufundayo ubude nezakhiwo • Ukuchonga nokukhetha isigama imibuza, ixesha langoku neladlulayo, • (iimpawu zeetekisi) esisiso, ulwimi nemigaqo • Isimbo esisesikweni sokubhala ukuxhasa icala elinye, ingcinga okanye • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula intetho esoloko isetyenziswa njalo • Ukulungisa intshayelelo nesiphelo Ukubhala ingxelo yophando imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, ngokufanelekileyo ebonisa abantu abathile nohlobo oluthile. ukuphonononga) Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo Intsingiselo yamagama: Isihobe • Ukurekhodisha iingcinga eziphambili izithethantonye, izichasi, iintsingiselo • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo nezixhasayo ngokuthatha amanqaku zamagama ngokusemxholweni, • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukwabelana ngeengcinga namava Intsingiselo ecingelwayo/efihlakeleyo izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso nokuqonda ingqiqo ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukuchonga ubuchule bokucenga/ Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, bokuqhatha Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni imigca, amagama, Izitanza zombongo • Ukuphendula imibuzo Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukushicilela zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo UKUHLOLA IKOTA YOKU - 1 UMSEBENZI WOKU-1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI-2: UKUBHALA UMSEBENZI WESI-3: UVAVANYO LOKU-1 Ingxoxo yeqela - iitekisi ezibonwayo/isicatshulwa Isincoko esibalisayo/esicamngcayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 esiphulaphulwayo/intetho engalungiselelwanga//ingxoxo Ingxelo yephephandaba/Inqaku yeforam/udliwano-ndlebe
IBANGA LESI -8 IKOTA YESI -2 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO CAPS IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda itekisi ebonwayo enika Ukubhala iitekisi ezimfutshane, umz. Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki ulwazi, umz. Iimephu, iindawo Izalathisi/Ukunika imiyalelo, ezingaphambili Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo: eziqaphelekayo ezisisikhokelo, isikali • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Ukuphulaphula imiyalelo/izalathisi • Isakhiwo • Ukulungiselela umxholo (isazobe iziphawuli, izibizo, izihlanganisi izibaluli • Ukuthatha amanqaku • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi sokucinga (mind map)) • Ukuphendula imibuzo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Iimpawu • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo intloko, intetho, ephambili nexhasayo, Iintlobo ezahlukileyo • Imigaqo yemihlathana Inkqubo yokubhala: amaxesha, izivakalisi ezilula nezimbaxa zokuqhagamshelana ngomlomo, • Ukukhulisa imihlathana ngengqiqo umz. Ukufundwa kweendaba • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) Intsingiselo yamagama: ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana okungalungiselelwanga/intetho • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu izithethantonye, izichasi, izafobe • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi zeetekisi) Ukunika izalathisi: ukunamathelanisa Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: iipateni • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Iimpawu zetekisi • Imigaqo yolwimi yopelo, isingxi, ikoma imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ulwimi nemigaqo ukuphonononga) Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukusebenzisa amalungu omzimba Isihobe • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuhlaziya, izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukuhlela, ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukulungisa iziphene • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imigca, amagama, izitanza • Nokunikezela • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule Ukubhala itekisi enika imiyalelo bokubhala • Intsingiselo zekelisayo/efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo Ukubhala/ukubukela itekisi yezibonwayo • Ukukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokunzulu 85 • Ukwenza uthelekelelo • Ukushwankathela (ukusebenzisa imephu yengqondo) IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 86 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengengxoxo Ukubhala ingxoxo yababini Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki erekhodiweyo kamabonakude/ ezingaphambili Ingxoxo foram/yephaneli Imigaqo yemihlathana kanomathotholo/yeforam Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Izithethi zinikana amathuba • Isimo sentlalo • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi Izenzi, izimelabizo, izichazi: isimnini • Ukucacisa iindlela ababona ngazo • Izivakalisi zentshayelelo nokufikelela kwisivumelwano • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo ekuvunyelwana ngaso • Isakhiwo ixesha langoku, ixesha elidlulileyo, • Ukulandelelana nokunamathelana • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi, isimbo neregista • Abalinganisi ukusebenzisa izivakalisi ezichukumisayo ngokufanelekileyo • Ukhetho lwamagama neempawu nezinobuchule, ulwakhiwo lwezivakalisi, Inkqubo yokufunda zokufunda nokubhala imo evumayo nelandulayo, imibuzo, Ingxoxo • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Imigaqo yolwimi intetho, izivakalisi ezimbaxa • Ukubonisa iindawo ezilinganiswayo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Iintsingiselo yamagama: Intsingiselo • Ukufunda imigaqo yetekisi zeetekisi) • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, efihlakeleyo, intsingiselo ecacileyo • Izithethi zinikana amathuba • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula yamagama, amagama akwitekisi, imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Ukucacisa iindlela ababona ngazo ukudlala ngamagama, izafobe nokufikelela kwisivumelwano ukuphonononga) • Ukuhlaziya, ekuvumelwana ngaso Iimpawu zokubhala nokupela: imigaqo Isihobe • Ukuhlela, • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi, isimbo nerejista nemithetho yopelo • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukulungisa iziphene ngokufanelekileyo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Nokunikezela • Ukuziqhelanisa Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho Ukubhala ingxoxo yababini zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA imigca, amagama, izitanza zombongo • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS Ukufunda/ukubukela isicatshulwa (ukusebenzisa itekisi ebhaliweyo okanye/nebonwayo njengeekhathuni) • Ukukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukuthelekelela (abalinganiswa, Isimo sentlalo, imeko bume, umyalezo) • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Ulwimi oluchukumisayo 87 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 88 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengedrama/ Umhlathi umz. Udliwano-ndlebe Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki umdlalo olubhaliweyo ezingaphambili Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi • Isakhiwo neempawu ezifanelekileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Inkqubo yokuphulaphula yoncwadi: njengomlinganiswa, izihlomelo: esendawo, esexesha, • Ukulungiselela umxholo (imephu • Ukubhala iimpendulo intshukumo, ingxoxo yababini, yengqondo) esobunjani isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi, isimo Udliwano-ndlebe sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukufundisa iimpawu nemigaqo • Imigaqo yemihlathana Ulwakhiwo lezivakalisi, isimo, Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukwenza ucwangciso/isicwangciso • Ukulandelelanisa imihlathi izivakalisi ezilula nezimbaxa, amagatya • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) nophando ngokwengqiqo ukuqinisekisa namabinzana • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu ukunamathelana • Ukukhetha isimbo, irejista nesigama zeetekisi) Intsingiselo yamagama: • Ukunikana amathuba • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Izafobe, amagama ngobunjalo, ukulungiselela ukunamathelana • Iindlela zokucenga imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, ngokusemxholweni, ukudlala ukuphonononga) • Imigaqo yolwimi ngamagama Isihobe Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: izifinyezo; • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, iimpawu zokubuza, iimpawu zokhuzo, • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, isingxi, ikoma izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukuhlaziya, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukuhlela, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi imigca, amagama, izitanza zombongo • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule • Nokunikezela INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA bokubhala Ukubhala udliwano-ndlebe • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Isicatshulwa esifundwayo: Udliwano-ndlebe • Ukukrwaqula nokufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukuthelekelela • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso ngokusebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Inyani noluvo • Uluvo lombhali/Indlela umbhali abona ngayo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo/ecingelwayo 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli Ukubhala irivyu yebali/inoveli Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki yolutsha/ibali elifutshane ezingaphambili Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo • Isakhiwo setekisi (itekisi eyinyani umz. Inqaku • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi • Iimpawu nemigaqo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: yoncwadi: ezifana nabalinganiswa, Izixando, izichazi: isibaluli lephephandaba) • Ukubizwa kwamagama intshukumo, ingxoxo yababini, • Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi,isimo • Irejista Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo ulwakhiwo lwezivakalisi, iintlobo • Ukuthatha amaqaku • Abaphulaphuli/ababukeli Inkqubo yokufunda: zezivakalisi, amaxesha ezenzi, intetho, • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ithoni/imvakalo-zwi isihlonipho, izaci namaqhalo, igatya • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) Ingxoxo yemaqela Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala lobalulo, iintsingiselo zamagama, • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukubonisa inxaxheba • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, izafobe: isimntwiso, isikweko, ubaxo/ zeetekisi) • Izithethi zinikana amathuba ubabazo, isihlonipho, isifanadumo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Ukucacisa indlela abona ngayo ze imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Oomabizwafane noomabizwahluke • Ukuhlaziya, kufikelelwe kwisivumelwano ukuphonononga), ukuvavanya • Ukuhlela, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi, isimbo nerejista ngokufanelekileyo • Ukulungisa iziphene Oonobumba abakhulu, isingxi, ikoma • Nokunikezela Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni 89 Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 90 7-8 Isihobe • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imigca, amagama, Izitanza zombongo • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo Iindlela zokufunda isicatshulwa • Injongo neqela ekujoliswe kulo • Ukwenza uthelekelelo • Ukunika uluvo lwakho • Ukwahlula phakathi kwenyani namava • Intsingiselo etsolileyo necingelwayo UKUHLOLA IKOTA YESI-2 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA 9-10 UMSEBENZI WESI-3: UVIWO LWAPHAKATHI UMSEBENZI WOKU-1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI: UKUBHALA KONYAKA/UVIWO LUKAJUNI Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo/izalathisi/iingxoxo Udliwanondlwbe/itekisi enika imiyalelo/irivyu yebali Iphepha loku - 1: I-orali yeforam/ingxoxo yephaneli/ingxoxo-mpikiswano Iphepha lesi - 2: Ukubhala Iphepha lesi - 3: Isicatshulwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LESI-8 IKOTA YESI-3 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO CAPS IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengedrama Imihlathi emide/iitekisi ezinde Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nomdlalo zoxibelelwano umz ingxoxo yababini/ ezingaphambili Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo (sebenzisa ingxoxo yababini • Iimpawu zetekisi yoncwadi: ezifana nerivyu Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: nomlinganiswa, intshukumo, ingxoxo izibizo erekhodiweyo) Imigaqo yemihlathi: ukusebenzisa yababini, isakhiwo, impixano, • Ukuphulaphula ingxoxo yababini imvelaphi, Isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukuthatha amanqaku umxholo • Injongo neqela ekujoliswe kulo ixesha langoku, ixesha elimiyo, ixesha • Ulwimi namandla Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukulandelelanisa izivakalisi ngokukuko eladlulayo, intetho ngqo, ingxelo-ntetho, • Ithoni/imvakalozwi • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ixesha langoku nelidlulileyo, izivakalisi ukuqinisekisa unamathelwano ezimbaxa • Isimo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu zeetekisi) • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukileyo Intsingiselo yamagama: • Intshayelelo nesiphelo zezivakalisi, ubude nesakhiwo • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Izichasi, izithethantonye, amagama imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Ingxoxo yeqela/ingxoxo yababini ukuphonononga) akwitekisi intsingiselo ecacileyo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, nefihlakeleyo • Ukubonisa inxaxheba Ubuchule baphambi kokufunda: • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Izithethi zinikana amathuba Iimpawu zokubhala nepelo: iindlela • Iimpawu zetekisi - amagama encwadi, • Ukuhlaziya, • Ukucacisa indlela ababona ngayo izihloko, imifanekiso zokupela, isingxi, ikoma, uphawu • Ukuhlela, lokubuza nokufikelela kwisivumelwano • Izahlulo zencwadi - iphepha lokuqala, uluhlu lweziqulatho, izahluko, uluhlu • Ukulungisa iziphene Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi, isimbo nerejista lwamagama, isalathiso sencwadi, • Nokunikezela Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukunikezela amanqaku abhalwe emazantsi zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi ephepha, njl njl. Isihobe • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imigca, amagama, izitanza zombongo • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala 91 • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 92 1-2 Iindlela zokufundela ukuqonda • Injongo neqela ekujoliswe kulo • Ukwenza uthelekelelo • Ukunika uluvo lwakho • Ukwahlula phakathi kwenyani namava • Intsingiselo engqalileyo necingelwayo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda inqaku lephephandaba/ Umhlathi/itekisi yonxibelelwano: Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki inqaku lemagazini elingemibandela ezingaphambili Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo: Ileta ebhalelwe umhleli yokwenzekayo kwilizwe/imibandela • Ukuphulaphula ileta ebhalelwe Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: yezentlalo Imigaqo yemihlathi: iintatheli izihlomelo: esobunjani, esendawo • Isakhiwo • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo • Ukuthatha amanqaku nesobungakanani • Iimpawu zetekisi • Injongo • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo • Irejista isivakalisi esilula, isivakalisi esimbaxa, neqela ekujoliswe kulo • Ithoni ulwakhiwo lwesivakalisi, ulwimi • Imigaqo • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi • Ukulandelelanisa oluchukumisayo nolusetyenziswa • Ukwabelana ngamanqaku ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana ngobuchule/ngokuqhathayo, inyani Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukileyo noluvo, ukuxhasa icala elinye, Ingxoxo ngamaqela zezivakalisi, ubude nolwakhiwo • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) ukuqal'ugwebe • Ukunxulumanisa namava akhe • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ukusebenzisa ulwazi olusuka kwitekisi Intsingiselo yamagama: zeetekisi) • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, ukuphendula imibuzo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Izithethantonye, omabizwafane • Ukuxoxa ngokuxabiseka kwezentlalo, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: imfundiso nezenkcubeko ezikwitekisi • Ukuhlaziya, ukuphonononga) • Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo Iindlela zopelo, ikoma, isingxi, ukushiywa • Ukuhlela, kwamagama yamaqela Isihobe • Ukulungisa iziphene Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni -- Ukunikana amathuba • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Nokunikezela Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo -- Ukunamathela emxholweni • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi Ukubhalela umhleli ileta -- Ukubuza imibuzo ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imigca, amagama, izitanza zombongo • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo/ezekelisayo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 93 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 94 3-4 OKANYE Ukudlala indima enye Ukusebenzisa ubuncinane: • Isicatshulwa esinye esiphuma kwincwadi yokufunda • Itekisi enye yoncwadi -- Ukucacisa isakhiwo, ukuzoba abalinganiswa, impixano nempendulo ngokomdlalo -- Ukuchonga imixholo, isimo nemvakalo zwi INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli Ukubhala ileta esesikweni/yobuhlobo Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki yolutsha/ibali elifutshane/umdlalo • Isakhiwo esifanelekileyo ezingaphambili Intetho engalungiselelwanga • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi • Injongo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Izakhono zokuthetha esidlangalaleni yoncwadi: njengomlinganiswa, • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo izichazi, izimelabizo • Ukucwangisa, ukuphanda intshukumo, ingxoxo yababini, nokulungiselela isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi, Isimo • Ukulandelelanisa izivakalisi Izifinyezo, ingcambu izimaphambili sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo ngokwengqiqo • Ukunikezela, imvakalo zwi, nezimamva ukuvakalisa ilizwi, indlela yokubiza Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi amagama, ukunamathela kweliso, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana izijekulo, izixhobo zokuthetha • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) izivakalisi ezilula, izivakalisi ezimbaxa, ngobuciko • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu ixesha eladlulayo, ixesha elizayo ubude nesakhiwo • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: isigama zeetekisi) elidlulileyo, ulwakhiwo lwesivakalisi, • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala ulwimi oluchukumisayo nolusetyenziswa • Isimbo nerejista imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, ngobuchule/oluqhathayo, inyani noluvo, Intetho elungiselelweyo ukuphonononga) • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, umtsalane bucala, ukuqal’ugwebe • Ukuziqhelanisa nezakhono Isihobe nengcinga esoloko isetyenziswa njalo, ezingasentla • Ukuhlaziya, • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo iintsingiselo zamagama, izafobe • Ukuvakalisa izimvo ngeentetho zabo • Ukuhlela, • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: imithetho • Ukuphawula intetho izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukulungisa iziphene yopelo nemigaqo ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Nokunikezela Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, Ukubhala ileta imigca, amagama, Izitanza zombongo Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 95 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 96 5-6 Ukufunda/ukubukela isicatshulwa (ukusebenzisa itekisi ebhaliweyo/ ebonwayo njengekhathuni) • Ukukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukwenza intekelelo (abalinganiswa, isimo sentlalo, imeko bume, umyalezo) • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa isakhono ngokusebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Ulwimi oluchukumisayo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengebali Ukubhala itekisi yoncwadi: ibali Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane, inoveli elifutshane ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphulela ulwazi • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi • Ukusebenzisa Imo/ifomathi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Ukuphulaphula itekisi enika ulwazi yoncwadi: njengomlinganiswa, efanelekileyo izibizo ezakhiwe kwezinye izigaba • Ukuphulaphula unikezelo, intshukumo, ingxoxo yababini, • Injongo zentetho, izenzi ukusetyenziswa kolwimi, isantya isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi, isimo nokusetyenziswa kwelizwi sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukuphulaphula isakhiwo sebali Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukulandelelanisa izivakalisi Amaxesha ezenzi ngokwengqiqo • Ukuxoxa nomlingane • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) Intsingiselo yamagama: • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi Ukubalisa ibali • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu izithethantonye, izichasi, omabizwafane, ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana zeetekisi) izafobe: umbuzo-buciko • Ukukhetha ibali • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula ubude nolwakhiwo Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: iindlela • Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, zopelo, ukushiywa kwamagama, • Ukukhetha isimbo, irejista nesigama ukuphonononga) Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala izifinyezo • Ukunikezela ibali Isihobe • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuhlaziya, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukuhlela, ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukulungisa iziphene • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imigca, amagama, izitanza zombongo • Nokunikezela • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule Ukuyila elakhe ibali elandela inkqubo bokubhala echaziweyo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo Ibali eliphume phambili liyapapashwa/ • Isimo lifundwe eklasini • Umxholo nomyalezo 97 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 98 7-8 Isicatshulwa esifundwayo: (itekisi ethathwe kwincwadi yoncwadi emiselweyo) • Ukukrwaqula, ukufunda ngokukhawuleza, ukuzakhela umfanekiso ngqondweni • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukwenza uthelekelelo • Ukunika intsingiselo yamagama • Indlela umbhali abona ngayo • Inyani noluvo • Intsingiselo ecingelwayo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 9-10 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda itekisi yoncwadi Ukubhala isincoko: Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki enjengebali elifutshane/inoveli ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula itekisi efundwa Isincoko esiphikisayo/esichazayo ngokuvakalayo evela kwibali • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Ukukhetha amagama yoncwadi: njengomlinganiswa, izibizo, izenzi: izixando zezenzi elifutshane intshukumo, ingxoxo yababini, • Ukuvalisa ilizwi lakhe nesimbo • Itekisi erekhodiweyo iyadlalwa isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi, Isimo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Inkcazelo ecacileyo sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo umhlathi oyintshayelelo, umhlathi • Izakhono ezifanelekileyo zokufunda • Ukusebenzisa ithoni ziyabonakaliswa kubafundi Inkqubo yokufunda: onika inkcazelo, umhlathi osisiphelo, • Ukusebenzisa iingcinga eziphambili ukwakhiwa kwesivakalisi, iintlobo • Ukusetyenzuswa kweempawu • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi/ nezixhasayo zezivakalisi zokubhala kwitekisi efundwayo Ngeli xesha ufundayo • Ukusebenzisa iimephu zengqondo • Ukuvula nokuvala • (iimpawu zeetekisi) Intsingiselo yamagama: ukucwangcisa iingcinga Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula ezinamatheleneyo Izithethantonye, izichasi, okulungiselelweyo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukunikezela isincoko ngenjongo oomabizwafane, izafobe ukuphonononga) zokuhlolwa • Ukukhetha itekisi yokufunda Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: ngokuvakalayo Isihobe Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Iindlela zopelo, iindidi zeempawu • Ukusebenzisa izakhono • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, zokubhala ezifanelekileyo zokufunda njenge: • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, thoni/mvakalozwi, ukuhla nokunyuka Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso kwelizwi, isantya, ukuvakalisa • Ukuhlaziya, ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo ilizwi, ukubiza amagama, ukufunda • Ukuhlela, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi ngokuqhabalaka • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imigca, amagama, izitanza • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ukuziqhelanisa • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule • Nokunikezela • Ukufunda itekisi bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo Ukubhala isincoko elandela inkqubo yokubhala • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 99 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 100 9-10 Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda (sebenzisa itekisi ebhaliweyo/ ebonwayo njengekhathuni/izicwili ezihlekisayo) • Ukukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukwenza uthelekelelo (abalinganiswa, isimo sentlalo, imeko bume, umyalezo) • Ukunika intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Ulwimi oluchukumisayo UKUHLOLA IKOTA YESI - 3 UMSEBENZI WOKU - 1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI - 2: UKUBHALA UMSEBENZI WESI - 3: UVAVANYO LOKU-1 Ingxoxo yababini/ntetho engalungiselelwanga/ukubalisa Isincoko esichazayo/esixoxayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ibali/ukufunda okulungiselelweyo Ileta yobuhlobo/ingxoxo yababini INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LESI-8 IKOTA YESI-4 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA CAPS YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda inqaku lephephandaba/ Umhlathi omde umz inqaku Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo lemagazini lephephandaba/lemagazini ezingaphambili (njengokuphulaphula itekisi • Isakhiwo • Isakhiwo esifanelekileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: ebhaliweyo/eviwa-ibonwa) • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Injongo Isinye nesininzi, isini, isinciphiso • Ukuchonga iingcinga eziphambili • Iimpawu zetekisi • Ukusebenzisa iingcinga eziphambili Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: nezixhasayo nezixhasayo • Ukulandelelanisa Intetho ngqo, ingxelo-ntetho, iindidi • Ukubhala amanqaku • Ukulandelelanisa izivakalisi zemibuzo, inyani noluvo, isakhiwo Inkqubo yokufunda • Ukwabelana ngeengcinga namava ngokwengqiqo sezivakalisi, ubumbolo-mbini bezivakalisi, nokubonakalisa ukuqonda ingqiqo • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) ilizwi, izikhankanyi • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi • Ukuchonga iindlela ezicengayo/ • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana Iintsingiselo yamagama: ezisetyenziswa ngobuchule apho zeetekisi) izithethantonye, izichasi, isihlonipho, • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, kufaneleke khona • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula ubude nolwakhiwo amabizwafane, intsingiselo ecacileyo • Ukuphendula imibuzo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, nefihlakeleyo/ezekelisayo ukuphonononga) Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Incoko: Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: iimpawu Isihobe • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, zocaphulo, iindlela zopelo Ingxoxo esekelwe kwinqaku • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, lephephandaba/lemagazini • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuhlaziya, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukubonisa inxaxheba izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukuhlela, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Izithethi zinikana amathuba ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ukucacisa indlela ababona ngayo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, nokufikelela kwisivumelwano • Nokunikezela imigca, amagama, Izitanza zombongo • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi, isimbo nerejista Ukubhala inqaku lephephandaba/ • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule lemagazini ngokufanelekileyo bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo Ukufunda/ukubukela ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi ngokusebenzisa (itekisi ebhaliweyo/ebonwayo/iitekisi zemalthimidiya) • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukuqikelela • Intsingiselo yamagama 101 • Inyani noluvo Ukubhala isishwankathelo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 102 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi: enjengenoveli, ibali Ukubhala umhlathi/itekisi Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki Ingxoxo-mpikiswano elifutshane/idrama yonxibelelwayo: ingeniso kwidayari ezingaphambili • Ukwalatha iindawo ezilinganiswayo • Iimpawu eziphambili zetekisi yoncwadi: • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: njengomlinganiswa, intshukumo, • Injongo Izihlomelo, izichazi ezakhiwe kwezinye • Ukufunda imigaqo yetekisi ingxoxo yababini, isakhiwo, impixano, izigaba zentetho • Izithethi zinikana amathuba • Ukusebenzisa iingcinga eziphambili imvelaphi, Isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, nezixhasayo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukucacisa indlela babona ngayo umxholo nokufikelela kwisivumelwano • Ukulandelelanisa izivakalisi Amaxesha ezenzi, iintlobo zezivakalisi, Inkqubo yokufunda intetho, ulwakhiwo lwezivakalisi, intetho ngokwengqiqo • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi, isimbo • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) nengxelo-ntetho, ukubuza imibuzo, inyani noxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana noluvo, ubumbolo-mbini bezivakalisi • Ukuziqhelanisa zeetekisi) Intsingiselo yamagama: intsingiselo • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, Ingxoxo-mpikiswano • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo, izafobe ubude nolwakhiwo ngokwamaqela imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Iimpawu zokubhala/ukufunda: iindlela Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ukwalatha iindawo ezilinganiswayo ukuphonononga) zopelo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, • Izithethi zinikana amathuba Isihobe Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Ukucacisa indlela babona ngayo • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukuhlaziya, nokufikelela kwisivumelwano • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukuhlela, • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi, isimbo noxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukulungisa iziphene • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, • Nokunikezela imigca, amagama, izitanza Ukubhala incwadi yezehlo zemihla • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule ngemihla bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Umxholo nomyalezo Ukufunda isicatshulwa: (itekisi evela kwincwadi yokufunda) • Ukukrwaqula, ukufunda ngokukhawuleza, ukubonakalisa ngokucingela • Ukufunda ngokunzulu IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Ukwenza uthelekelelo • Ukusebenzisa intsingiselo yamagama • Indlela umbhali abona ngayo • Ukusebenzisa inyani noluvo • Intsingiselo ecingelwayo Ukubhala umhlathi okanye isishwankathelo ngamanqaku
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengomdlalo Ukubhala ingxelo yokuntathela Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki ezingaphambili CAPS Ukuphulaphula itekisi efundwa Inkqubo yokufunda • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo ngokuvakalayo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi/ • Injongo isinye nesininzi, izihlomelo, izichazi, • Ukuphulaphula itekisi erekhodiweyo Ngeli xesha ufundayo • Umtsalane bucala nokuqal’ugwebe izimelabizo • Ukwalatha izakhono ezifanelekileyo • (iimpawu zeetekisi) • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngobuchule Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: zokufunda • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Inkqubo, ukuthelekisa, ukwahlula, imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Intetho esetyenziswa rhoqo ebonisa • Ukusebenzisa iimpawu zokufunda/ umhlathi ochazayo, umhlathi wokuvula/ ukuphonononga) abantu abathile ngohlobo oluthile ukubhala kwitekisi efundwayo oyintshayelelo nowesiphelo, izivakalisi Isihobe • Iingcinga eziphambili nezixhasayo ezimbaxa, intetho, umtsalane • Ukuvula nokuvala othambekele bucala nokuqal’ugwebe • Iimpawu eziphambili zombongo • Ukulandelelanisa izivakalisi Ingxoxo yababini isekelwe kwitekisi ngokufanelekileyo Intsingiselo yamagama: izithethantonye efundwa ngokuvakalayo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, nezichasi izafobe, izigaba zentetho, umfanekiso • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi • Ukugqiba ngesihloko ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: iimpawu • Ukuqwalasela imigaqo kwakhona zocaphulo, iindlela zopelo, iimpawu • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, • Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezivakalisi, zokufunda • Ukusebenzisa amagama azimeleyo imigca, amagama, izitanza zombongo ubude nesakhiwo ukugcina ingxoxo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Inxaxheba yabaphulaphuli bokubhala Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukuvula nokuvala ingxoxo yababini • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Ukuziqhelanisa • Isimo • Ukuhlaziya, • Ukunikezela • Umxholo nomyalezo • Ukuhlela, Isicatshulwa esifundwayo: umz. • Ukulungisa iziphene Ingxoxo yababini • Nokunikezela • Injongo, iqela ekujoliswe kulo nomxholo Ukubhala ingxelo ulandela inkqubo • Ukucacisa umxholo/umyalezo yokubhala • Ukuthelekelela • Ukunika uluvo lwakhe • Intsingiselo ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo • Imvelaphi yepolitiki, yezentlalo neyenkcubeko yetekisi neyombhali 103 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 104 7- 8 Ukulungiselela uviwo Ukulungiselela uviwo Ukulungiselela uviwo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: Ukuthetha: Ukufunda: Ukubhala: Ukuhlaziya • Intetho elungiselelweyo/ingxoxo- • Isicatshulwa esifundwayo • Izincoko Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: mpikiswano/udliwano-ndlebe/incoko • Ushwankathelo • Imihlathi emide/itekisi ezinde Ukuhlaziya • Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo zonxibelelwano • Uncwadi Intsingiselo yamagama: Ukuhlaziya • Ukufunda okungalungiselelwanga • Imihlathi/itekisi ezimfutshane -- Inoveli/amabali amafutshane/uncwadi Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: zonxibelelwano Ukuphulaphula lwemveli Ukuhlaziya • Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo -- Idrama/ukufunda ngefilim -- Imibongo IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA ESESIKWENI NEEMVIWO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IKOTA YESI - 4 9-10 UMSEBENZI WOKU - 1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI - 2: IIMVIWO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA Ingxoxo mpikiswano/incoko/ingxoxo yeqela/ingxoxo yababini Iphepha loku - 1: I-orali Iphepha lesi - 2: Ukubhala (iyure e-1) Iphepha lesi - 3: Isicatshulwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi (iiyure ezi - 2) INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LE-9 IKOTA YOKU-1 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO CAPS IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda/ukubukelela ukuqonda Imihlathi/itekisi zonxibelelwano Bethelela izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi (iitekisi ezibonwayo ezifana ezimfutshane: efundiswe kwiBanga lesi-8 Ingxoxo yeqela/incoko: nezibhengezo/ipowusta/iikhathuni/ (ukuphulaphula/ukubukela isibhengezo Isibhengezo/ipowusta Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: izicwili) ze nixoxe) Izibizo: izakhi • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ithoni Iindidi zezenzi, iziphawuli, izimelabizo • Injongo • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula • Isantya Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Iimpawu zetekisi • Ukufunda ngokuzulu • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Izakhi zezivakalisi: intloko, isivisa, • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi oluchukumisayo noluqhathayo • Ukwenza intelekelelo (abalinganiswa, injongosenzi nolurheshayo isakhiwo, imekobume, umyalezo) • Irejista Isivumelanisi sentloko nesenjongosenzi • Ubungakanani befonti • Ukuthelekelela iintsingiselo zamagama Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Izivakalisi ezilula, ixesha langoku angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa • Intshukumo yamalungu omzimba • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela Intsingiselo yamagama: Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo: intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Izafobe, iintsingiselo zamagama isibhengezo • Ulwimi oluchukumisayo • Ukuhlaziya, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: • Ukubhala iingongoma eziphambili • Ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu • Ukuhlela, nezixhasayo ngokuthatha amanqaku Upelo nendlela yopelo, izifinyezo, omzimba • Ukulungisa iziphene uphawu lombuzo, uphawu lokhuzo, • Ukwabelana ngeengongoma • Ukusetyenziswa iimpawu zokubhala iimpawu zocaphulo namava nokubonisa ulwazi olunzulu • Nokunikezela. ngeengqiqo. • Phambi kokufunda Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni Ukubhala isibhengezo/ipowusta • Ukuchonga ubuchule obucengayo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo nobuqhathayo zetekisi) zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Emva kokufunda (phendula imibuzo, thelekisa, chasanisa, xabisa) 105 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 106 1-2 Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli yolutsha/amabali amafutshane/idrama • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) -- ukuphicotha iimpawu zoncwadi ezifana: igama lencwadi zihlokwana, imifanekiso, ubungakanani befonti, ubunjani befonti, -- ukuphicotha iindawo zencwadi ezifana noqweqwe, iphepha lesihloko, isalathiso, izahluko, uluhlu lwenkcazelo Ubuchule bokufunda • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukushwankathela • Ukucinga/ukuthelekelela • Ukuthekelela intsingiselo nesiphelo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli Ukubhala ileta yovakalelo/ukuphicotha Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki yolutsha/amabali amafutshane/idrama ngokunzulu uncedo/icebiso ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula itekisi efundwayo ubulufumene • Ingxoxo gabalala ngempawu Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Chonga ze unike uluvo: eziphambili ezifana nabalinganiswa, • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo Izibizo, izichazi: iziphawuli izimelabizo, • Ukusetyenziswa kwelizwi ukwakhiwa kwabalinganiswa, • Injongo isiqu, izimaphambili nezimamva, izibizo isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi, isimo • Ukusetyenziswa kwemvakalo-zwi ezilula nezimbaxa sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo • Iimpawu zetekisi nesantya Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Iimpawu zokubhala xa ufunda Amaxesha ezenzi, intetho ngqo • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi/ • Irejista • Intshayelelo nesiphelo/ukuvula nengxelo-ntetho, izakhi zezivakalisi, iziganeko nokuvala • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo izivumelanisi -- imvelaphi/isimo sentlalo/ kwezivakalisi • Xoxa ngezimpawu zingentla Ukusetyenziswa okunzulu kolwimi: ukucamngca ngomxholo/ • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukubonisa Ukufunda ngokukwaza ukuqokelela izimvo ngomxholo Izaci namaqhalo; izafobe: isihlonipho ukunamathelana okulungiselelweyo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Isigama ngokusemxholweni • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, • Ukusebenzisa izakhono zokuthetha zeetekisi) ubude nesakhiwo Izifinyezo/izishunqulelo ezifanelekileyo ezifana nethoni, • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula isantya, umthamo, ukusetyenziswa Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala iimpawu zokubhala nopelo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, kwelizwi, ukubizwa kwamagama, ukuphonononga) • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni ukufunda ngokuqhabalaka Isihobe • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Abafundi bazikhethela iitekisi zabo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi zokufunda ze bazifunde eklasini. • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo • Ukuhlaziya, • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuhlela, izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, • Ukulungisa iziphene isingqisho • Nokunikezela. • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, Bhala ileta yovakalelo ngoncedo/ imiqolo, amagama izitanza ngecebiso ubulufume • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Izafobe • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 107 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 108 3-4 Ukufunda/ukubukela iitekisi ezibonwayo/zemalthimidiya (ubuchule) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula • Ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu omzimba • Ukuthelekelela iintsingiselo zamagama angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi -- Ukucacisa -- Ukuqikelela INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda usivumelwano phakathi Umhlathi/itekisi yonxibelelwano: Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki komthengisi nomthengi bhala ingxelo ngokufumanise ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula incoko yefowuni/ kwimpikiswano phakathi komthengisi Ingxoxo yababini phakathi • Ubume Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: nomthengi komsebenzi weziko lonxibelelwano • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Izihlanganisi, izichazi, izihlomelo: nalowo uncedwayo malunga • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo • Okuthethwa sisivumelwano esendawo, esexesha, esobunjani ngokungaboni ngasonye • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo ngombandela wesivumelwano • Ukubaluleka kwentsayino Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ithoni • Uncedo xa kunokuphikiswana Izakhi zezivakalisi; iindidi zezivakalisi • Irejista bemibuzo, amagatya namabinzana • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Isihobe • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo Intsingiselo yamagama: • Irejista • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo kwezivakalisi Izaci namaqhalo, izafobe • Imigaqo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukubonisa izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso Isigama ngokusemxholweni: ulwimi Ukulinganisa incoko phakathi uthungelwano ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, lwesivumelano noloxwebhu lomthetho komthengisi nomthengi nokungaboni • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, ngasonye okulandela isivumelwano isingqisho Iimpawu zokubhala nepelo: ubude nesakhiwo somlomo esiye sangahambi kakuhle • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, Iipateni zopelo, izifinyezo, izishunqulelo, Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi imiqolo, amagama izitanza oonobumba bokuqala begama lomntu, • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, uphawu lombuzo, ikholoni • Ithoni • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu omzimba • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Ukuhlaziya, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ubunyani • Izafobe • Ukuhlela, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi Ukunikezela • Isimo • Ukulungisa iziphene • Umxholo nomyalezo • Nokunikezela Ukufunda/ukuphonononga Bhala ingxelo ulandela inkqubo isivumelwano ngenjongo yokuqonda elandelwayo yokubhala (ubuchule) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Okuthethwa sisivumelwano • Umzekelo: ibhalwe kakuhle, impikiswano, ixesha elimiselwe isivumelwano • Ukuthelekelela iintsingiselo zamagama 109 angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa izakhono zokusebenzisa ulwazi lwamalungu amagama, zokulijonga IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ulibize igama
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 110 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi enjengenoveli Ukubhala isincoko: esibalisayo/ Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki yolutsha/amabali amafutshane/idrama esichazayo/esicamngcayo ezingaphambili Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo • Iimpawu eziphambili zoncwadi • Ukhetho lwamagama, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: (Ingxoxo yababini/) ezifana: abalinganiswa, intshukumo, • Ilizwi lakho nesimbo Izenzi, izichazi, izimelabizo, izihlanganisi • Ukuphulaphula ingxoxo yababini ingxoxo yababini, isakhiwo, impixano, imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Inkcazelo ecacileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukuthatha amanqaku umxholo • Ithoni Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho, izivakalisi -- Ulwimi namandla Inkqubo yokufunda: ezimbaxa, imihlathi • Imephu yengqondo/ubungqina boyilo -- Ithoni • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) bezimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo Intsingeselo yamagama: -- Isimo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Isazobe/Ubungqina boyilo/isazobe Izaci namaqhalo, izafobe -- Intshayelelo nesiphelo zeetekisi) sokucinga ukulandelelanisa Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: iingcinga/izimvo ngokucacileyo • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula nangokuvakalayo • Iindlela zopelo, isingxi, unobumba imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, I-orali: Intetho engalungiselelwanga omkhulu, ikoma, iimpawu zocaphulo ukuphonononga) • Ukunikezela ngesincoko ukuze Khetha isihloko esifanelekileyo sihlolwe Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni Isihobe • Ukulandelelaninsa ulwazi Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo ngokufanelekileyo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuchonga isigama nezakhi zolwimi izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, ezifanelekileyo ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, • Ukuhlaziya, • Intshayelelo nesiphelo esifanelekileyo isingqisho • Ukuhlela, • Ukusebenzisa izixholo ezibonwayo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, neziviwa-zibonwa apho kuyimfuneko imiqolo, amagama, izitanza • Ukulungisa iziphene INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule • Nokunikezela bokubhala Bhala isincoko ulandela inkqubo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo elandelwayo yokubhala • Izafobe • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 7-8 Isicatshulwa esifundwayo: (itekisi ethatyathwe kuncwadi oluvunyiweyo) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokuzulu • Ukuthekelela • Intsiingiselo yamagama • Uluvo lombhali • Inyani noluvo • Intsingielo efihlakeleyo/ecingelwayo 9-10 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda ingxelo yephephandaba/ Umhlathi omde/ itekisi Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki UKUPHULAPHULA ingxelo yemagazini yonxibelelwano ende: ezingaphambili yephephandaba Ubuchule bokufunda Ofana nengxelo/udliwano-ndlebe Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Isakhiwo • Ukufunda ngokunzulu iimpawu zetekisi • Iimfuno zomsebenzi nohlobo lwetekisi Iintlobo zezenzi - • Iimpawu umz isakhiwo, abalinganiswa, isimo • Ubume, isimbo, uluvo lwakho Uhlobo lokuyalela sentlalo, unobalisa, umxholo, isimo • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi sikanobalisa. • Abantu ekujoliswe kubo, injongo Uhlobo lokuqondisa • Ithoni nemeko Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukuthelekelela iintsingiselo zamagama • Irejista angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa • Amagama akhethiweyo Izivakalisi ezilula; izivakalizi ezimbaxa; • Intshayelelo nesiphelo isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela • Isakhiwo sesivakalisi, ubude, nohlobo isivakalisi esixananazileyo, imibuzo, intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Imigaqo yomhlathi intetho, amaxesha ezenzi. Ingxoxo ngokufunyanisiweyo • Intsingiselo engqalileyo nefihlakeleyo/ Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Intsingeselo yamagama: Ukunikezela ngengxelo yeoral ecingelwayo Izaci namaqhalo • Ukusetyenziwsa kolwimi • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Inkqubo yokufunda: Intsingiselo yentsusa nefihlakeleyo, • Irejista • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) imfano-zandi, isimntwiso, ukudlala • Ithoni • Ukuhlaziya, ngamagama • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu • Ukuhlela, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: zeetekisi) omzimba • Ukulungisa iziphene • Iindlela zopelo; • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Intshayelelo nesiphelo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Nokunikezela Iimpawu zocaphulo, isimela-nobumba, ukuphonononga) Ukubhala ingxelo ulandela inkqubo ikholoni, isingxi, ikoma, oonobumba, Isihobe elandelwayo yokubhala ifonti • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi 111 ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imiqolo, amagama izitanza IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 112 9-10 • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Izafobe • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda (ukusebenzisa ingxelo yephephandaba) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokuzulu • Ukuthekelela (abalinganiswa, isimo sentlalo, imekobume, umyalezo) • Ukuthelekelela iintsingiselo zamagama angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Ulwimi oluchukumisayo • Ukuphendula imibuzo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA UKUHLOLA IKOTA - 1 UMSEBENZI WOKU-1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI-2: UKUBHALA UMSEBENZI WESI-3: UVAVANYO LOKU-1 Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo/incoko Isincoko esichazayo/esibalisayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi Ileta engekho sesikweni/irivyu/Ingxoxo yababini IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LE-9 IKOTA YESI-2 UMXHOLO IZAKHI NEMIGAQO CAPS IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda Ukufunda itekisi yoncwadi umz Umhlathi: Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki Ukuphulaphula ibali idrama/ibali elifutshane/uncwadi Ungeniso kwidayari/imithetho ezingaphambili lwemveli/intsomi yolawulo/umgaqo-siseko/ipolisi • Chonga izimvo eziphambili Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: nezixhasayo Ubuchule bokufunda • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo Izichazi: izimnini, izibaluli, iziphawuli • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo Izimelabizo • Irejista • Iimpawu zetekisi umz isakhiwo, • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: abalinganiswa, isimo sentlalo, • Ukuphendula imibuzo unobalisa, umxholo, isimo • Irejista Iindidi zezivakalisi; Ingxoxo yeforam/ingxoxo yeqela: sikanobalisa. • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo Intetho ngqo/ingxelo-ntetho; amaxesha inkcubeko • Ukuthelekelela iintsingiselo zamagama kwezivakalisi ezenzi • Ukubonisa inxaxheba angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi Intsingiselo yamagama: isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelena • Izithethi zinikana amathuba okuthetha Izaci namaqhalo intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Chaza izimvo ze kufikelelwe • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, Intsingiselo yentsusa nefihlakeleyo, • Izakhi zolwimi nesimbo ubude nesakhiwo esigqibeni izafobe Inkqubo yokufunda: Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi, isimbo, nerejista Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: efanelekileyo • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Iindlela zopelo; • Ukunikezela • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, zeetekisi) Iimpawu zocaphulo, izifinyezo • Ukuhlaziya, • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuhlela, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo ukuphonononga) • Ukulungisa iziphene zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi Isihobe • Nokunikezela • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo Ukubhala ingeniso kwidayari/ • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, imithetho yolawulo/umgaqo-siseko/ izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso ipolisi ulandela inkqubo elandelwayo ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, yokubhala isingqisho • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imiqolo, amagama izitanza • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo 113 • Izafobe • Isimo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Umxholo nomyalezo
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 114 1-2 Ukufunda/ukubukela itekisi ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi: ilifa nomyolelo • Ukufunda nokubukela ngokunzulu • Injongo yetekisi • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Abalinganiswa, ikhathuni • Imvelaphi nesimo sentlalo • Umyalezo nomxholo • Ukushwankathela itekisi Isishwankathelo • Ubume • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Isakhiwo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda itekisi umz idrama/ibali Ukubhala: irivyu yetekisis (itekisi Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane/uncwadi lwemveli engalungiselelwanga yokufunda)/ ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda: ibali idotyhumentari ngobomi bomntu/ukushicilelwa • Ukugxininisa kwiimpawu zetekisi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: kokulinganiswa kwentetho yoncwadi • Uyilo olufanelekileyo Izenzi ezithatha injongosenzi • Chaza ubuchule benkqubo • Ukubonakalisa ukuqonda ukukhula • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo nezingathathi njongosenzi yokuphulaphula kwesakhiwo nempixano, iimpawu • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Iintlobo zezenzi: oluqhubekayo, zabalinganiswa, ukujiya kwezinto, • Phendula imibuzo ngokubhala phantsi/ ololandelelwano/ imvelaphi, imeko bume, ixhaxheba • Irejista encwadini olokuqoshelisaInqanaba lokusebenza kanobalisa, umxholo, isiphelo • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo ngezivakalisi Ukufunda okungalungiselelwanga Inkqubo yokufunda: kwezivakalisi Izivakalisi ezixananazileyo; • Ukusetyenziswa kwelizwi • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukubonisa okufanelekileyo, ithoni, nesantya Intetho ngqo/ingxelo-ntetho • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu uthungelwano • Iimpawu zokubhala xa ufunda zeetekisi) Intsingiselo yamagama: • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, • Ukusebenzisa amalungu omzimba • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula ubude nesakhiwo Izaci namaqhalo, izafobe imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Unxibelelwano nabaphulaphuli Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: ukuphonononga) Isihobe • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Iindlela zopelo; • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Iimpawu zocaphulo, izifinyezo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuhlaziya, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso • Ukuhlela, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukulungisa iziphene • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imiqolo, amagama izitanza • Nokunikezela • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule Ukubhala irivyu/idotyhumentari bokubhala ulandela inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Izafobe • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 115 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 116 3-4 Ukufunda/ukubukela itekisi umz inqaku lephephandaba/lemagazini ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi nokuqonda Ubuchule bokufunda Isicatshulwa esithathwe kwincwadi emiselweyo • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza nokufunda ngokukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Injongo nabantu ekujoliswe kubo • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo nesiphelo • Inyani noluvo • Ukunika olwakho uluvo • Intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga • Chonga ulwimi oluqhathayo Ukushwankathela itekisi INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda itekisi umz idrama/ibali Ukubhala umhlathi/itekisi Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane/uncwadi lwemveli zonxibelelwano: isaziso, iagenda ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula itekisi yeorali efana: nemizuzu udliwano-ndlebe/intetho/ukubalisa • Ukugxininisa kwiimpawu zetekisi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: ibali ngenjongo yokuqonda yoncwadi • Ukhetho lwamagama, Isihlomelo sexesha, sendawo • Ukuthatha amanqaku ngexesha • Bonakalisa ukuqonda ukukhula • Ilizwi lakho nesimbo Izixando, izichazi uphulaphule kwesakhiwo nempixano, ukubunjwa • Inkcazelo ecacileyo kwabalinganiswa, ukujiya kwezinto, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi; • Ukuphulaphula ngokukhwencayo imvelaphi, imeko bume, ixhaxheba • Iingcinga/izimvo eziphambili Umhlathi ochazayo; umhlathi Ingxoxo yeqela/yeforam kanobalisa, umxholo, isiphelo nezixhasayo oyintshayelelo, umhlathi wesiphelo; • Ukwenza ingxoxo esekelwe kwetekisi Inkqubo yokufunda: • Imephu yengqondo ukucwangcisa Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho yeorali • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) izimvo ezicacileyo Amaxesha ezenzi; izakhi zezivakalisi; • Ukunikana amathuba okuxoxa • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukunikezela ngesincoko ukuze iindidi zezivakalisi: izivakalisi ezimbaxa zeetekisi) sihlolwe • Ukusebenzisa amagama azimeleyo Intsingiselo yamagama: umz. izihlanganisi • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Izaci namaqhalo, izafobe • Imigaqo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, ukuphonononga) Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: Isihobe • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Iindlela zopelo, oonobumba abakhulu, • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo • Ukuhlaziya, isingxi, ikoma • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuhlela, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso • Ukulungisa iziphene ntelekelelo, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Nokunikezela zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imiqolo, amagama izitanza Ukubhala isaziso, iagenda nemizuzu ulandela inkqubo elandelwayo • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule yokubhala bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo 117 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 118 5-6 Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda (sebenzisa itekisi ebhaliweyo/ ebonwayo efana nekhathuni) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza nokufunda ngokukrwaqula • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Injongo nabantu ekujoliswe kubo • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo (abalinganiswa, isimo sentlalo, imeko- bume, umyalezo) • Intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga • Ukuthelekelela iintsingiselo zamagama angaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa isakhono sokukwazi ukuthelekelela intsingiselo yegama kwetekisi • Ulwimi oluchukumisayo Ukuhlaziya isakhiwo sesishwankathelo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda itekisi umz. Isibhengezo/ Umhlathi omfutshane/iitekisi Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki ikhathuni/iigrafu ezibonwayo umz irivyu yesibhengezo ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula izibhengezo esishicilelweyo/isibhengezo serediyo Sebenzisa ubuchule bokufunda/ • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: bokubukela ngenjongo yokuqonda • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo Izibizo: ezakhiwe kwezinye izigaba nokufumana ulwazi zentetho, ezimbaxa • Ithoni • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza nokufunda Izimelabizo: esokukhomba, esokukumbi, • Isantya ngokukrwaqula • Irejista Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Imigaqo • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo kwezivakalisi Amaxesha ezenzi; imihlathi; • Ukuthatha amanqaku • Injongo nabantu ekujoliswe kubo izivumelanisi; izivakalisi ezimbaxa, • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi Unikezelo lweorali: ukucazulula • Ukuthelekelela intsingiselo nesiphelo intetho, imibuzo ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana isibhengezo • Chonga ulwimi oluqhathayo Intsingiselo yamagama: • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, • Ukuchaza indlela ekusetyenziswe • Impembelelo yokukhetha nokushiya ubude nesakhiwo Izithethantonye, isichasi, izafobe, ngayo: ifonti, ubungakanani kwintsingiselo yetekisi imfanozandi, izafanadumo, imvano- boshicelelo, indlela ekuthathwe ngayo Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala siphelo imifanekiso • Ingaba ulwimi nemifanekiso zibonaka • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, lisa ze ziyibumbe njani indlela Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: • Ukuchaza indlela elusetyenziswe yokuziphatha nendlela yokucinga • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, ngayo ulwimi oluqhathayo Iindlela zopelo • Ifuthe lokusetyenziswa kohlobo • Ukuhlaziya, • Ukuchaza ukuba ushiyo lwamagama Iimpawu zocaphulo, izifinyezo, uphawu nobungakanani befonti, izihloko, ufinyezo lwezivakalisi, uthelekiso • Ukuhlela, lokhuzo ikhapshini kwintsingiselo nokusetyenziswa kolwimi lubaqhatha • Ukulungisa iziphene Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni njani abo kujoliswe kubo Isiswankathelo: • Nokunikezela Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo Uhlaziyo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi Ukubhala irivyu yesibhengezo Uncwadi: Uhlaziyo UKUHLOLA IKOTA YESI 2 9-10 UMSEBENZI WOKU-1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI-2: UKUBHALA UMSEBENZI WESI-3: IIMVIWO ZAPHAKATHI ENYAKENI/IIMVIWO ZIKAJUNI Ukufunda okungalungiselelwanga/ Irivyu/Idotyhumentari/Isaziso/I-ajenda Iphepha loku-1: I-orali ingxoxo yeforam/ingxoxo yeqela nemizuzu Iphepha lesi-2: Ukubhala (iyure e-1) Iphepha lesi-3: Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi (iiyure ezi-2) Iphepha lesi-4: Uncwadi (iyure e-1) 119 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LE-9 IKOTA YESI-3 UMXHOLO 120 IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ingxoxo yababini/uthethwathethwano Ukufunda umyolelo Umyolelo Umhlathi: ukubhala umyolelo Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki ofinyenziweyo nesingqinisiso nesingqinisiso ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula umboniso wothethwathethwano phakathi kwabantu • Abathathi nxaxheba • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: ababini (Ingxoxo yababini) • Umhla • Injongo Iindidi zezibizo: ezakhiwe kwezinye • Isakhiwo nokukhula kwezimvo izigaba zentetho • Umnikazi-lifa (estate) • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo • Ukusebenzisa izakhono Izichazi: isimnini, isichazi sokukumbi • Abafumana uncedo • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi zothethathethwano ukuze kufikelelwe Izihlanganisi esigqibeni. • Ulwimi loxwebu • Irejista Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: Ingxoxo ngokuphathelele ekwenzeni • Ukwabiwa kwelifa • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo ilifa nomyolelo kwezivakalisi Intetho; amaxesha ezenzi; iindidi Inkqubo yokufunda: zezivakalisi; iindidi zemihlathi; amagatya; • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) namabinzana. ukuqinisekisa unamathelwano • Ukuqhatha • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Intsingiselo yamagama zeetekisi) • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, • Ukunikana amathuba okuthetha ubude nesakhiwo Oomabizwahluke omabizwafane, izafobe • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukuvula nokuvala ingxoxo imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: • Izigqibo ukuphonononga) • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Iindlela zopelo; Isihobe • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo • Ukuhlaziya, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukuhlela, INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, • Ukulungisa iziphene isingqisho • Nokunikezela • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imiqolo, amagama, izitanza Ukubhala ilifa nomyolelo • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Ukufundela ukuqonda nobuchule bokufunda: itekisi ebonwayo - CAPS ikhathuni • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ukufumana izimvo ephambili • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula ukufumana iinkcukacha ezixhasayo • Ukuqikelela • Ukuthekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso • Ukunika uluvo lwakhe ngetekisi ukukhulisa ukuqonda • Ifuthe lentsingiselo efihlakeleyo nombuzobuciko • Ifuthe lokubonwayo 121 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 122 3-4 Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: Ukufunda itekisi umz idrama/ibali Umhlathi/itekisi zonxibelelwano: umz. Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane/uncwadi lwemveli ezingaphambili Iindlela zopelo; Ileta ekhaphayo nesivi • Ukugxininisa kwiimpawu zetekisi Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: Ukuphulaphula udliwano-ndlebe • Iimfuno zesimo, isimbo zoncwadi izichazi, izimelabizo, izibizo, iintlobo • Ukucacisa ngendima • Abantu ekujoliswe kubo, injongo • Bonakalisa ukuqonda ukukhula zezenzi: olokunathiza nemeko • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kwesakhiwo nempixano, iimpawu Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: zabalinganiswa, ukujiya kwezinto, • Ukhetho lwamagama, ulwimi • Ulwimi namandla imvelaphi, imeko bume, inxaxheba olufihlakeleyo, imiqondiso, umbala, Intetho; amaxesha ezenzi; iindidi Ukuxoxa ngesivi njengenye kanobalisa, umxholo, isiphelo zezivakalisi; iindidi zemihlathi; amagatya; • Izakhiwo zezivakalisi, ubude neendidi yeemfunozokuqeshwa/kwamkelwa namabinzana Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukukhetha izinto ezibonwayo • Ulwazi • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) Intsingiselo yamagama: nezenziweyo • Unxulumaniso • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Izithethantonye Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Umntu ekunokwenzewa kuye zeetekisi) Izichasi • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, isingqinisiso • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Omabizwafane imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Uthungelwano neleta ekhaphayo ukuphonononga) Oomabizwahluke • Ukuhlaziya, Isihobe Izafobe • Ukuhlela, • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: • Ukulungisa iziphene • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, Iindlela zopelo izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso • Nokunikezela ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni Ukubhala ileta ekhaphayo nesivi isingqisho Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA imiqolo, amagama izitanza • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 3-4 Isicatshulwa esifundwayo (ubuchule) (sebenzisa iitekisi ezibonwayo nezibhaliweyo) Ubuchule • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ukufumana izimvo ephambili • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula ukufumana iinkcukacha ezixhasayo • Ukuqikelela • Ukuthekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso • Ukunika uluvo ngetekisi ukukhuthaza ukuqonda • Ifuthe lokukhetha nokushiya kwintsingiselo • Ifuthe lentsingeselo efihlakeleyo nemibuzo buciko • Ifuthe lobuchule lokubonwayo 123 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 124 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda itekisi umz idrama/ibali Ukubhala isincoko: esibalisayo/ Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane/uncwadi lwemveli esichazayo/esicamngcayo ezingaphambili Ukuphaluphula ingxoxo-mpikiswano kunomathotholo/umabonakude Umz amavo, iintsomi • Ukhetho lwamagama, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: Izichazi, izibizo, izimelabizo, izihlomelo • Abathabathi nxaxheba • Iimpawu zetekisi yoncwadi ezifana: • Ilizwi lakho nesimbo isakhiwo, umlinganiswa, imeko-bume, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ukusetyenziswa kwelizwi • Inkcazelo ecacileyo isakhiwo, impixano, imiqondiso, Intetho; amaxesha ezenzi; iindidi • Isantya ukukhula kwesandi, umfanekiso- • Iingcinga/izimvo eziphambili zezivakalisi; iindidi zemihlathi; ngqondweni ukuqwalasela izimvo nezixhasayo • Ukunikezela ngesindululo ze Intsingiselo yamagama: usikhusele Inkqubo yokufunda: • Isazobe sokucinga, ukucwangcisa • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) izimvo ezicacileyo/ezivakalayo Intsingiselo yentsusa nefihlakeleyo, • Ukuphikisa isindululo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukunikezela ngesincoko ukuze Izafobe: isimntwiso, isifanadumo, ubaxo/ • Isigqibo zeetekisi) sihlolwe ubabazo • Ukuthatha amanqaku • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Imfano-zandi, ukudlala ngamagama • Ukuxoxa ze nabelane ngamanqaku imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: ukuphonononga) Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo- Isihobe • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, Iindlela zopelo mpikiswano • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo • Ukuhlaziya, Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Imigaqo yengxoxo-mpikiswano • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuhlela, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ukunikezela ngesindululo ze ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, usikhusele isingqisho • Nokunikezela • Ukuphikisa isindululo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, Ukubhala isincko ulandela inkqubo imiqolo, amagama izitanza elandelwayo yokubhala • Abathabathi nxaxheba INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Isigqibo • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda (iitekisi ezibonwayo nezibhaliweyo Ubuchule • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ukufumana izimvo ephambili • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula ukufumana iinkcukacha ezichasayo • Ukuqikelela • Ukuthekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo • Ifuthe lokukhetha nokushiya kwintsingiselo • Ifuthe lentsingeselo efihlakeleyo nombuzobuciko • Intelekelelo yombhali nezigqibo Ukushwankathela itekisi 125 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 126 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi efana nebali Umhlathi/itekisi yonxibelelwano umz Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane/inoveli yolutsha/inoveli ikhadi lesimemo, isivumo ezingaphambili Ukuphulaphula intetho yomntu obalulekileyo ekuhlaleni • Iimpawu eziphambili zoncwadi: • Iimfuno zoyilo, isimbo, uluvo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: ezifana: umlinganiswa, intshukumo, izichazi, izibizo, izimelabizo, izihlomelo, • Ulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo • Abantu ekujoliswe kubo, injongo Ingxoxo yababini, isakhiwo, impixano, izikhuzo nemeko • Ukuxhasa icala elinye ukugweba imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: phambi kokuva umxholo • Ukhetho lwamagama Umhlathi ochazayo; umhlathi • Ingcinga okanye intetho esoloko Inkqubo yokufunda: • Inkcazelo ecacileyo okhethiweyo; umhlathi ohleliweyo; isetyenziswa njalo ebonisa abantu • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Izakhiwo zezivakalisi, ubude neendidi amaxesha ezenzi abathile nohlobo oluthile. • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Intsingiselo yamagama: • Ithoni zeetekisi) • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Igama elinye endaweni yebinzana, • Ulwimi namandla • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula izafobe imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Ukuphendula imibuzo ukuphonononga) Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: • Ukuhlaziya, Intetho elungiselelweyo Isihobe Iindlela zopelo, uphawu lokhuzo • Ukuhlela, Abafundi baza kwenza uphando • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni ngengomsenenzi wokulungiselela. • Ukulungisa iziphene • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Imigaqo yokunikezela izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso • Nokunikezela zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, Ukwenza ikhadi lesimemo nesivumo omzimba isingqisho simemo ngaxeshanye • Intshayelelo nesiphelo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imiqolo, amagama, izitanza • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA bokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 7-8 Ukufundela/ukubukelela ukuqonda (iitekisi ezibonwayo nezibhaliweyo) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ukufumana izimvo ephambili • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula ukufumana iinkcukacha ezichasayo • Ukuqikelela • Ukuthekelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo • Uluvo lwakho • Ukushwankathela • Ifuthe lokukhetha nokushiya kwintsingiselo • Ifuthe lentsingiselo efihlakeleyo nombuzobuciko • Ifuthe lokubonwayo • Intelekelelo yombhali nesiphelo 127 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 128 9-10 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda itekisi yoncwadi efana Umhlathi/itekisi yonxibelelwano umz Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki nedrama Ingxoxo yababini ezingaphambili Ukubalisa ibali • Iimpawu eziphambili zoncwadi: • Ukhetho lwamagama, Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Qwalasela: izakhono zokuthetha, ezifana: umlinganiswa, intshukumo, ithoni, ukubizwa kwamagama; isantya, • Ilizwi nesimbo Izenzi, iintlobo zezenzi, izibizo ezimbaxa ingxoxo yababini, isakhiwo, impixano, imvakalo-zwi, indlela yokuma, izijekulo imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Inkcazelo ecacileyo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Imigaqo neempawu zebali umxholo • Ithoni Inkqubo ukulandelelana ngokwesithuba, Ingxoxo yababini: Ukulinganisa Inkqubo yokufunda: ukulandelelana ngokubaluleka, umhlathi • Iingcinga/izimvo eziphambili Ingxoxo yababini • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) wesiphelo/wokuphetha nezixhasayo • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu Intsingiselo yamagama: • Imephu yenqondo ukucwangcisa • Ukunikana amathuba okuthetha zeetekisi) izimvo ezicacileyo/ezivakalayo Igama elinye endaweni yebinzana • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukusebenzisa intshukumo yomzimba • Ukunikezela ngesincoko ukuze Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, sihlolwe • Iimpawu zetekisi ukuphonononga) Iindlela zopelo; ikholoni Isihobe Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso • Ukuhlaziya, ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukuhlela, • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, • Ukulungisa iziphene imiqolo, amagama izitanza • Nokunikezela • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule Ukubhala i-ajenda nemizuzu ulandela INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA bokubhala inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 9-10 Isicatshulwa esifundwayo: (itekisi ethatyathwe kwincwadi yoncwadi emiselweyo) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ukwakha umfanekiso-ngqondweni • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukuthekelela • Intsingiselo yamagama • Uluvolombhali • Inyani noluvo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo/ecingelwayo UKUHLOLA IKOTA YESI-3 UMSEBENZI WOKU-1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI WESI-2: UKUBHALA UMSEBENZI WESI-3: UVAVANYO LWESI-2 Intetho elungiselelweyo/ukulinganisa/ingxoxo-mpikiswano/ Isincoko; esichazayo/esibalisayo/esicamngcayo/esixoxayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ingxoxo ngesivi/umyolelo/isingqinisiso Ileta ekhaphayo nesivi 129 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IBANGA LE-9 IKOTA YESI-4 UMXHOLO 130 IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 1-2 Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo Itekisi yoncwadi efana nebali Umhlathi/itekisi yonxibelelwano Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane/inoveli yolutsha/inoveli ende umz ileta yesicelo ezingaphambili • Ukuphendula ngokuzulu iindidi (yaseburhulumenteni) ngeendidi zetekisi • Iimpawu eziphambili zoncwadi: Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: ezifana: umlinganiswa, intshukumo, • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo • Ukuphulaphulela ulwazi oluthile Izenzi, izichazi, izimelabizoInqanaba Ingxoxo yababini, isakhiwo, impixano, • Injongo lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Phulaphula ze wonwabele iintsomi imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, nezihloko umxholo • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho • Phendula imibuzo Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Intsingiselo yamagama: Imigaqo yentlanganiso • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Irejista Intsingiselo ecacileyo, izithethantonye, izafobe • Abathabathi nxaxheba • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo zeetekisi) kwezivakalisi Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: • Imigaqo yentlanganiso • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukubonisa Iindlela zopelo, oonobumba • Banikana amathuba okuthetha imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, unamathelwano Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo ukuphonononga) • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Ukungavumelani/ukungaboni Isihobe ubude nesakhiwo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi ngosolinye entlanganisweni • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Intshayelelo nesiphelo • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, isingqisho • Ukuhlaziya, INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, • Ukuhlela, imiqolo, amagama izitanza • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala • Nokunikezela • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo Ukubhala ileta yesicelo • Izafobe IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 1-2 Isicatshulwa esifundwayo: (itekisi ethatyathwe kwincwadi yoncwadi emiselweyo) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza, ukuzakhela umfanakiso-ngqondweni • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukuthekelela • Intsingiselo yamagama • Uluvolombhali • Inyani noluvo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo 131 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 132 3-4 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi efana nebali Umhlathi umz i-imeyile Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane/inoveli yolutsha/inoveli ezingaphambili Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo (sebenzisa ingxoxo yababini • Iimpawu eziphambili zoncwadi: Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: • Injongo eshicilelweyo) ezifana: umlinganiswa, intshukumo, Izibizo, izikhankanyi, isinye nesininzi, ingxoxo yababini, isakhiwo, impixano, • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo • Ukuphulaphula ingxoxo yababini isiduna nesikhomokazi imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ukuthatha amanqaku/inowuthsi umxholo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Irejista -- Ulwimi namandla Inkqubo yokufunda: Inkqubo, ukulandelelana ngokwesithuba, • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo ukulandelelana kwezimvo -- Ithoni • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) kwezivakalisi ngokokubaluleka, umhlathi wesiphelo/ -- Isimo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu wokuphetha • Ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ukubonisa zeetekisi) -- Intshayelelo nesiphelo unamathelwano Intsingiselo yamagama: • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, ingcinga okanye intetho esoloko imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, ubude nesakhiwo isetyenziswa njalo ebonisa abantu Ingxoxo yeforam/yephaneli/yeqela ukuphonononga) abathile nohlobo oluthile, intetho Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala • Abathabathi nxaxheba Isihobe esetyenziswa ngumbhali, ukugweba • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, ngaphandle kokuva, ukukhetha icala • Imigaqo yengxoxo yeforam • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo elinye,uluvo oluchukumisayo • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, • Banikana amaathuba okuxoxa • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso • Ukuhlaziya, • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, Iindlela zopelo isingqisho • Ukuhlela, • Ukungavumelani/ukungaboni Izifinyezo ngosolinye engxoxo • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, • Ukulungisa iziphene Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Intshayelelo nesiphelo imiqolo, amagama izitanza • Nokunikezela Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA Amaqela athetha malunga nezinto • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule Ukubhala i-imeyile ulandela inkqubo zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi ezisematheni nezitsala umdla. bokubhala elandelwayo yokubhala • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 3-4 Ukufunda/ukubukela isicatshulwa: (itekisi ebonwayo okanye eyemalthimidiya efana nekhathuni okanye isibhengezo) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ukwakha umfanekiso-ngqondweni • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukuthekelela • Intsingiselo yamagama • Uluvo lombhali • Inyani noluvo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo/ecingelwayo 133 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI 134 5-6 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Itekisi yoncwadi efana nebali Umhlathi/itekisi yonxibelelwano umz Bethelela igrama efundiswe kwiiveki elifutshane/inoveli yolutsha/inoveli iobhitshuwari/ungeniso kwidayari/ ezingaphambili Ukwenza umdlalo ulinganisa imeko ikhadi lesimemo ethili • Iimpawu eziphambili zoncwadi: Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: ezifana: umlinganiswa, intshukumo, • Imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo • Imeko iboniswe kakuhle Izenzi, izibizo, izimelabizo, izihlomelo, ingxoxo yababini, isakhiwo, impixano, • Injongo izichazo • Abalinganiswa/abadlali bahlulwe imvelaphi, isimo sentlalo, unobalisa, kakuhle umxholo • Izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: • Ulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo Inkqubo yokufunda: • Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Inkcazelo: unobangela nefuthe luyahambelana ncakasana nemeko • Phambi kokufunda (ukwazisa itekisi) • Irejista Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: leyo iboniswayo • Ngeli xesha ufundayo (iimpawu • Ukulandelelana okufanelekileyo Ukutshintsha kwentsingiselo, • Umdlalo ubonisa isenzeko sisenzeka zeetekisi) kwezivakalisi ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngenjongo ethile, njengoko sinjalo kuloo meko igama elinye endaweni yebinzana • Emva kokufunda (ukuphendula • Unamathelwano Incoko imibuzo, ukuthelekisa, ukuchasanisa, Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: • Ukusebenzisa iindidi zezivakalisi, • Khetha imeko efanelekileyo nesihloko ukuphonononga) ubude nesakhiwo Iindlela zopelo • Imigaqo yencoko Isihobe Ukugxininisa kwinkqubo yokubhala Ulwimi ngokusemxholweni • Ulwimi namandla • Iimpawu eziphambili zemibongo • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala, Umsebenzi wokulungisa iimpazamo • Amagama azimeleyo umz. • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombongo, zegrama kumsebenzi wabafundi • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti, izihlanganisi izigaba zentetho, imifanekiso ngqondweni, imvano-siphelo, • Ukuhlaziya, isingqisho • Ukuhlela, • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sombongo, imiqolo, amagama, izitanza • Ukulungisa iziphene • Nokunikezela INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA • Ubuchule bokushicilela/ubuchule bokubhala Ukubhala iobhitshuwari/ungeniso • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo kwidayari/ikhadi lesimemo ulandela inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala • Izafobe • Isimo • Umxholo nomyalezo IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IZAKHI NEMIGAQO IIVEKI UKUPHULAPHULA NOKUTHETHA UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA YOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI CAPS 5-6 Ukufunda/ukubukela isicatshulwa: (itekisi ebonwayo okanye eyemalthimidiya efana nekhathuni okanye isibhengezo) • Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ukwakha umfanekiso ngqondweni • Ukufunda ngokunzulu • Ukuthekelela • Intsingiselo yamagama • Uluvo lombhali • Inyani noluvo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo/ecingelwayo Ukubhala umhlathi oshwankathelayo 7-8 Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukubhala nokubukela: Ukubhala: Inqanaba lokusebenza ngamagama: Uhlaziyo Uhlaziyo lweempawu eziphambili, Uhlaziyo lweetekisi ezibhalwayo. Uhlaziyo imigaqo nezakhi Uhlaziyo lwenkqubo elandelwayo Inqanaba lokusebenza ngezivakalisi: yokubhala Uhlaziyo Iimpawu zokubhala nopelo: Igama elinye endaweni yebinzana Iindlela zopelo IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA ESESIKWENI NEMVIWO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IKOTA YESI-4 9-10 UMSEBENZI 1: I-ORALI UMSEBENZI 2: IIMVIWO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA Ingxoxo-mpikiswano/udliwano-ndlebe/incoko/intetho elungiselelweyo/intetho enga- Iphepha 1: I-orali lungiselelwanga/ingxoxo yeforam/ingxoxo yephaneli/ingxoxo yeqela/isicatshulwa Iphepha 2: Ukubhala (iyure e-1) esiphulaphulwayo/iinkqubo zentlanganiso Iphepha 3: Isicatshulwa nolwimi (iiyure ezi-2) Iphepha 4: Ukuphendula ngoncwadi (Response to Literature) (iyure e-1) 135 IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ICANDELO LESI-4: UKUHLOLA KULwimi lwaseKhaya 4.1 INTSHAYELELO Ukuhlola yinkqubo eqhubekayo ecwangcisiweyo yokuchonga, ukuqokelela nokutolika ulwazi malunga nendlela abaqhuba ngayo abafundi, usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola. Oku kubandakanya amanqanaba amane: Ukwenza nokuqokelela ubungqina bokuphumelela komfundi; ukuphonononga obu bungqina; ukurekhoda okufunyanisiweyo nokusebenzisa olo lwazi ukuqondisisa nokuncedisa uphuhliso lwabafundi ukuphucula inkqubo yokufunda nokufundisa. Ukuhlola kufuneka kube kokungekho sesikweni (ukuhlola ulungiselela ukufunda) nokusesikweni (ukuhlola oko sekufundisiwe). Kuzo zombini ezi ndidi abafundi kufuneka banikwe ingxelo ukwenzela ukuphucula ulwazi lwabo. Ukuhlola kwiilwimi kuyaqhubeka kwaye kuxhasa uhlumo nophuhliso lwabafundi. Luyinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu ekufundiseni nasekufundeni kuba kunika abafundi ingxelo malunga nokufundisa nokufunda. Kufuneka kubandakanywe ekufundiseni nasekufundeni kunokuba kwenziwe kodwa njengento esecaleni. Ngapha koko ukuhlola kufuneka kwenziwe okulunxulumaniso lwemiba eyahlukileyo yolwimi. Umzekelo, singaqalisa ngetekisi efundwayo size senze uvavanyo lwesicatshulwa. Imibuzo yolwazi lolwimi nayo ingenziwa isekelwe kwakule tekisi inye. Emva kokuba befunde itekisi abafundi bangabhala ileta ngemiba ephakanyiswe kwitekisi okanye bangayila itekisi ebhekisele kumxholo wetekisi. Ukuqukumbela lo msebetyenzana, kungaxoxwa ngeso sihloko kube ngaloo ndlela kuchatshazelwe zonke izakhono zolwimi kumsetyenzana omnye onxulumanisa izakhono. Ukuhlola izakhono ezahlukileyo zolwimi makungabonwa njengemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kodwa njengomsebenzi omnye onxulumeneyo (Ukuhlolwa kwezakhono zolwimi makuhlanganiswe.) Iirubrikhi zokuhlola kufanele zibonise izakhono zolwimi ezahlukileyo kumsebenzi wokuhlola. Izakhono zabafundi zokuphulaphula, ubuchule bokuthetha ngomlomo (ubuchule beorali), ubuchule lokuphendula imibuzo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo nezakhono zokubhala apho kukho imfuneko kufuneka ziqwalaselwe imihla ngemihla. Kukwabalulekile ukuba abafundi bahlolwe ukuqonda oko bakufundileyo hayi ulwazi lwabo lokuqonda amagama nokwahlula amagama ngokwezandi. Ukufunda nako makuhlolwe rhoqo kwaye ingabi kukuhlola okwenziwa ngelo xesha kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kokufunda ngoko ke makwenzeke rhoqo kungabi luhlolo olwenzeka kube kanye, makube yinto eqhubekayo. Ukuhlola ukufunda okusesikweni makugqale ekufundeni ngokuvakalayo nakwimisetyenzana eza kunceda ukuqonda ukuba umfundi uqonde kangakanani, umzekelo, ukuphinda abalise ibali okanye aphendule imibuzo. Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi obhalwayo kuya kugqala okokuqala kulwazi lomfundi lokunika intsingiselo, nasekubhaleni ngendlela echanelekileyo, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwezakhi nemigaqo yolwimi ngokufanelekileyo, iimpawu zokubhala nopelo. Konke ukuhlola kufuneka kuqaphele ukuba ukufunda ulwimi yinkqubo kwaye abafundi abanakuze bavelise umsebenzi owenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo xa beqala. Ngoko ke amanyathelo ahlukeneyo enkqubo yokubhala nawo mawahlolwe. Xa kunikwa umsebenzi wokuhlola ngokusesikweni, kuya kubakho ugqaliso kwisakhono esithile, umzekelo ukuphulaphula nokuthetha okanye ukufunda okanye ukubhala. Naxa kunjalo, ukufunda ulwimi kuyinkqubo enxulumeneyo, kuza kusetyenziswa izakhono ezingaphezulu kwesinye. Izakhi zolwimi mazihlolwe ngokusemxholweni. Makuqinisekiswe ukuba ukuhlola akwenziwa njengomsebenzi obhalwayo kuphela, kodwa ukwavumela umsebenzi 136 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 owenziwayo nesincoko somlomo. Kubalulekile ukuhlola okuqondwa ngabafundi hayi abakukhumbula ngentloko, ngoko ke makuhlolwe izakhono kwimeko ethile kangangoko umz. Abafundi bangapela onke amagama ngokuchanekileyo kuvavanyo ngoLwesihlanu, kodwa ngaba bayakwazi ukuwasebenzisa la magama enopelo oluchanekileyo xa bebhala/barekhoda iindaba okanye ibali labo? Ukufundisa nokuhlola iilwimi makunike ithuba lokuquka bonke abafundi, kufunyanwe ubuchule/iindlela zokubanceda bonke ukufumana okanye ukuvelisa iitekisi zolwimi. Inkqubo yokuhlola ivumela ukuhlola okusesikweni okunokuba luvavanyo okanye uviwo lokuphela konyaka okanye ekupheleni kwekota nganye. Umsebenzi oza kuhlolwa mayibe ngumsebenzi wekota owenziwe wagqitywa. Izinga lezinto eziza kuhlolwa malonyuswe ngokwamazinga okuqonda awohlukileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhlola kuhlola oko kufanele ukuba kukuhlole. 4.2 UKUHLOLA OKUNGEKHO SESIKWENI OKANYE KWEMIHLA NGEMIHLA Ukuhlola ulungiselela ukufunda kunenjongo yokuthi gqolo ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nokuphumelela komfundi ukwenzela ukuba akwazi ukuphucula umsebenzi wakhe wokufunda. Ukuhlola okungekho sesikweni kusekelwe ekubekeni esweni inkqubela yabafundi yemihla ngemihla. Oku kwenziwa ngokuqwalasela, ngokuxoxa, ngokwenza imisebenzi eboniswayo (yeprakthikhali), ngeenkomfa zabafundi nootitshala, incoko zaseklasini ezingekho sesikweni, eklasini, njalo njalo. Ukuhlola okungekho sesikweni kungathetha ukumana unqumamisa isifundo ukuqwalasela indlela abaqhuba ngayo abafundi okanye ukuxoxa nabafundi malunga nendlela ukufunda okuqhubeka ngayo. Ukuhlolwa ubuchule bolwimi buyangema ngolu hlobo: ingqwalaselo, imisebenzi ebhaliweyo, imisebenzi yeorali/yomlomo nokunikezela, imvavanyo ezibhaliweyo, ukufunda ngokukwaza nezinye indlela zokuhlola. Ukuhlola okungekho sesikweni makusetyenziselwe ukunika ingxelo kubafundi nokukhokelela ekuxhobiseni isicwangciso sokufundisa kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba oku kurekhodishwe. Makungabonwa oku njengokwahlukileyo kwimisebenzi yokufunda eqhubeka eklasini kwaye ungasebenzisa imisebenzi yakho emininzi yokufundisa ukuhlola inkqubo yabafundi ngokungekho sesikweni. Ngamanye amaxesha utitshala angafuna/angathanda ukuseta uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi wokuhlola ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bafunde, umsebenzi ofana novavanyo lopelo olwenziwa rhoqo. Abafundi okanye ootitshala banokumakisha le misebenzi yokuhlola. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba utitshala asebenzise iiveki ezimbini zokuqala kwekota ukwenza uvavanyo lolwazi abanalo abafundi ngomba othile (baseline assessment). Angasebenzisa imisebenzi enikwe kwiveki ezimbini zesicwangciso sokufundisa ukwenza olu hlolo. Oku kuyakwenza ukuba afumanise ukuba abafundi bafuna oluphi uncedo njengokuba eqhuba ebheka phambili. Ukuzihlola nokuhlolwa ngumlingane wakho kubandakanya abafundi ekuhloleni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kuvumela abafundi bakwazi ukufunda kolu hlolo, bakwazi nokubonakalisa inkqubo yabo. Iziphumo zemisebenzi yokuhlola ngokungekho sesikweni akurekhodishwa ngokusesikweni ngaphandle kokuba utitshala ufuna ukwenza njalo. Kodwa ootitshala abanganqwenela ukugcina iirekhodi ngenkqubo yomntwana othile kwimiba eyahlukileyo yesifundo ukuze oku kumncede ekucwangciseni isifundo nokuqinisekisa ukuba umfundi ngamnye uphuhlisa izakhono ezifunekayo nokuqonda. Iziphumo zemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla azithathelwa ngqalelo ekunyuselweni nasekufumaneni isatifikethi (isiqinisekiso sokupasa). CAPS 137
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 4.3 UKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI Yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola iyinxalenye yenkqubo esesikweni yokuhlola yonyaka ithatyathwa njengokuHlola okusesikweni. Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni iyamakishwa ize irekhodishwe ngokusesikweni ngutitshala elungiselela ukudluliselwa phambili komfundi. Yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni kufuneka iphononongwe/ imodareyithwe ngenjongo zokuqwalaselisisa nokuqinisekisa ukuba isemgangathweni ofanelekileyo/umgangatho ofanelekileyo ufikelelwe. Ukuhlola okusesikweni kuxhobisa ootitshala ngendlela eyondeleleneyo yokuphonononga inkqubela phambili yabafundi kwibanga elo ngakumbi isifundo eso asifundisayo umz isiXhosa. Imizekelo yokuhlola okusesikweni iquka iimvavanyo, iimviwo, imisebenzi yeprakthikhali, iiprojekthi, imisebenzi yeorali/yentetho yomlomo, imiboniso, (enjengokubalisa ibali, ukutshatisa izinto), ukulinganisa, izincoko, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yeorali/yomlomo (njengencoko yababini, iincoko, iingxoxo), imisebenzi ebhaliweyo (njengokugcwalisa uxwebu lokusebenzela, ukubhala imihlathi/ iitekisi zonxibelelwano okanye ezinye iindidi zeetekisi), njalo-njalo. Injongo yokuyila inkqubo yokuhlola kukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokuhlola ihlola oko ifanele ukuba ikuhlole, iziphumo azinakuguquguquka ukuba zisetyenzisiwe kwakhona, aludleleleli kwaye lwanele ngokuthi lunike isikhokelo esicacileyo kwiindidi zemisebenzi nepesenti enikwe isakhono ngasinye solwimi esikumsebenzi wokuhlola. Ikwabonisa ugqaliso lokuhlola, oko kukuthi indlela imisebenzi yokuhlola mayenziwe ngayo. Xa kusenziwa ukuhlola ngokusesikweni, makusetyenziswe iimemorandam, iirubriki, iitsheklisti nezikali zokuhlela nezinye izixhobo zokuhlola ezifanelekileyo ukuqwalasela, ukuhlola nokurekhoda umngangatho wabafundi wokuqonda nesakhono. Khetha isixhobo sokuhlola esifanelekileyo ukuhlola loo msebenzi. Umzekelo, irubriki ilungelele kakhulu ukuhlola umsebenzi wokubhala kunememorandam. Imemorandam ilungelele kakhulu ukuhlola upelo okanye umsebenzi wesicatshulwa esifundwayo. 4.3.1 Iimfuno zokuhlola okusesikweni kuLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelweyo Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni mayihlole imiba emininzi yezakhono zolwimi ukuze imiba ephambili ihlolwe ebudeni bekota nasebudeni bonyaka. Ootitshala mabaqinisekise ukuba le miba ihloliwe ngokungekho sesikweni, ize ingxelo ngendlela abaqhube ngayo abafundi bayinikwe phambi kokuba bahlolwe ngokusesikweni. Konke ukuhlola kwisigaba esiphezulu kuqhutywa ngaphakathi. Inkqubo yokuhlola ngokusesikweni yamabanga 7 - 9 iqulathe imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni eli-11 eyenza iipesenti ezili-100. Ukuhlola okwenziwa esikolweni (SBA) kwenza iipesenti ezingama-40, ngelixa okokuphela konyaka kuziipesenti ezingama-60. Ukuhlola okwenziwa esikolweni (SBA) 40% IsiGaba esiPhezulu sinemisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni eli-10. Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni icwangciswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: - • IBanga lesi-7: 4 - imisebenzi ye-orali, 2- imisebenzi yokubhala, 3 - iimvavanyo kunye noviwo lukaJuni. • IBanga lesi-8: 4 - imisebenzi ye-orali, 3 - imisebenzi yokubhala, 2- iimvavanyo kunye noviwo lukaJuni. • IBanga le-9: 4- imisebenzi ye-orali, 3 - imisebenzi yokubhala, 2 - iimvavanyo kunye noviwo lukaJuni. Uviwo lokuphela konyaka (60%) 138 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Uviwo lokuphela konyaka luquka imisebenzi ye-orali kunye neyokubhala. Umsebenzi we-orali, oliphepha loku-1, uziipesenti ezingama-20. 8. Le pesenti mayivele kwimisebenzi ye-orali emine eyenziwe ebudeni bonyaka. Imisebenzi ebhalwayo, emayiqhutywe phantsi kweliso elibanzi, iquka amaphepha amabini namathathu ngokufanayo kumabanga elesi-7 nelesi-8 kunye nele-9. Amabanga lesi-7 nelesi-8 • Iphepha lesi-2: Isishwankathelo, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi. • Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala (Isincoko kunye nemihlathi) Ibanga le-9 • Iphepha lesi-2: Isishwankathelo, ukusetyezniswa kolwimi noncwadi. • Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala (Isincoko kunye nemihlathi) • Iphepha lesi-4: Impendulo kuncwadi. 4.3.2 Iintlobo zemisebenzi yekota Iintlobo zokuhlola ezisetyenziswayo kufanele zihambelane nobudala kwanezinga lophuhliseko lwabafundi. Uyilo lwalo msebenzi kufuneka lubandakanye umxholo wesifundo kunye neendidi zemisebenzi ezenzelwe ukufezekisa iinjongo zesifundo. Mayixhomekeke kulwazi nezakhono ezenziweyo kuloo kota. Sebenzisa isicwangciso sekota sebanga ngalinye ukukhetha uhlobo lwemisebenzi kwanengqokelela yezakhono ezifunekayo kwicandelo ngalinye lokuhlola okusesikweni. Umzekelo, xa uhlola umhlathana wobugcisa bokubhala kwibanga lesi-7, ikota yoku-1, kwaye ufuna abafundi babhale umbongo, ungabalindela ukuba ‘babhale kuphela izivakalisi zobude obulinganayo ezinemfano- zandi’, njengoko iyinto obumele ukuba uyifundisile kakade. Ukuba uhlola itekisi yolwazi kwikota yokuqala, baya kubhala besebenzisa Isimo sentlalo esifanelekileyo. Ngokufanayo kukuPhulaphula nokuThetha awunakutsho ukuba abafundi mabenze intetho emfutshane kwibanga lesi-7, kwikota yoku-1, njengoko oku kuza kufundiswa kamva. Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni mayilungiselele uludwe lwamazinga okuqonda njengokuba kubonisiwe apha ngezantsi Makusetyenziswe iintlobo ngeentlobo zemibuzo ezifana nemibuzo apho abafundi kufuneka bekhethe eyona mpendulo ichanekileyo, vala izikhewu, thelekisa, nemibuzo ethe ngqo. CAPS 139
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ITHEYIBHILE YAMAZINGA OKUQIQA Ipesenti Amazinga okuqiqa Umsebenzi Yomsebenzi Izinga lokuqonda Imibuzo ejoliswe kwingcombolo yolwazi ecaciswe gca kwitekisi. usebenzisa • Nika amagama ezinto/abantu/eendawo/eempawu … intsingiselo • Xela izinto eziyinyani/izizathu/iingongoma/iimbono … yentsusa/engqalileyo/ • Chonga izizathu/abantu/izizathu … elisisiseko • Dwelisa izinto eziyinyani/izizathu/iingongoma/amagama … (Izinga loku-1) • Chaza indawo/umntu/umlinganiswa ….. • Balisa isiganeko/isenzeko/amava … Izinga loku-1 Ukucwangcisa ngokutsha Imibuzo efuna kuhlalutywe, kuyondelelaniswe okanye kucwangciswe nelesi-2: 40% (Izinga lesi-2) ingcombolo yolwazi ecaciswe gca kwitekisi. • Shwankathela iingongoma eziphambili/iimbono ezingundoqo/izinto eziluncedo/izinto ezingeloncedo … • Qukanisa imiba engundoqo/iimeko eziphambili … • Xela izinto ezifanayo/ezahlukeneyo … • Nika amagqabantshinshi/yithi gqabagqaba…..... Ukuthatha izigqibo Imibuzo efuna umfundi acacise imiyalezo engabekwanga ngokuselubala usebenzisa izigqibo/ Ngokudibanisa iinkcukacha ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zetekisi ukuzicingela okanye ngokunxulumanisa izinto ezikrobisa kwimiba ethile ekwitekisi (Izinga lesi-3) nolwazi asele enalo okanye amava akhe aze athathe izigqibo. • Cacisa indlela ingongoma ephambili enxulumana ngayo nomxholo/ Nomyalezo … • Thelekisa iimbono/iindlela zokucinga/iziganeko … Izinga lesi-3 • Ithini injongo yombhali (okanye yomlinganiswa)/ucinga njani/uqhutywa Yintoni/unika sizathu sini … 40% • Cacisa unobangela/ifuthe … • Intshukumo/indlela yokucinga/indlela aphawula ngayo (njalo njalo) ityhila ntoni ngombalisi/umbhali/umlinganiswa … • Isikweko/isifaniso/umfanekiso-ntelekelelo uyichaphazela njani indlela oyiqonda ngayo … • Ucinga ukuba siza kuba yintoni isiphumo/ifuthe lesiganeko (njalo njalo) lesenzo/lemeko … 140 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ipesenti Amazinga okuqiqa Umsebenzi Yomsebenzi Ukuphonononga Le mibuzo ingendlela abona ngayo umfundi ngokunxulumene nexabiso (Izinga lesi-4) nokubaluleka kwento leyo kuthethwa ngayo. Oku kuquka indlela abona ngayo ngokunxulumene nobunyani, ukukholeleka, into eyinyani nezimvo, ukungqinisiseka, ukucinga ngombandela nokuqiqisisa ngayo kunye nemiba efana nokufuneka ndawonye nokwamkeleka kwezigqibo neziganeko ngokwasentlalweni. • Ucinga ukuba okwenzeka apho kokukholelekayo/kuyinyani/Kunokwenzeka …? • Ingaba ingxoxo yombhali ichanekile/iyakholeleka/igqibelele …? • Xoxa/Phawula ngokunzulu ngesiganeko/injongo ethile/unobangela/Indlela acinga ngayo/icebo/isiphumo/okucingelwayo … • Ingaba uyavumelana nolu luvo/inkcazelo/indlela abona ngayo othile? • Ngokoluvo lwakho, ngaba umfundi/unobalisa/umlinganiswa ufanelekile Ukuba acebise kanje/athathe eli cala elithi………. ? (Xhasa impendulo Yakho/Nika izizathu ngempendulo oyinikileyo.) • Ingaba indlela acinga ngayo umlinganiswa/indlela aziphethe ngayo/ Intshukumo asenzileyo silungile okanye samkelekile kuwe? Nika isizathu Izinga lesi-4 Sempendulo yakho. Nelesi-5: 20% • Ingaba izenzo/i (i)ndlela yokucinga/izizathu zomlinganiswa ….. zibonisa • Ntoni ngaye ngokwemeko yentlalo? • Xoxa kuvokotheke/Phawula ngokubalulekileyo okukhankanywe kwitekisi oyifundileyo. Ukuncoma ugxeka Le mibuzo ijoliswe ekuhloleni ifuthe lezengqondo (lesayikholoji) nempembelelo yothando lobuhle betekisi kumfundi. Kugxininiswa kwiimpendulo zomfundi (Izinga lesi-5) ezingeemvakalelo ezimalunga nomxholo, Ekuzichongeleni abalinganiswa okanye iziganeko azithandayo nendlela ayibona ngayo indlela alusebenzise ngayo ulwimi umbhali (njengokuchongwa kwamagama nemifanekiso-ntelekelelo). • Xoxa ngempendulo yakho kwitekisi/kwisiganeko/kwimeko/kwimpixano... • Ingaba uyavelana kusini na nomlinganiswa? Wawunokwenza ntoni ukuba yayinguwe owawunokuzibona ukule meko? • Xoxa/Phawula ngendlela umbhali alusebenzise ngayo ulwimi... Xoxa ngokugqibelela kwesimbo sokubhala sombhali/intshayelelo/isiphelo/ imifanekiso-ntelekelelo/izihlonipho/ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesihobe/izikrweqe zohlalutyo……….. 4. 4 INKQUBO YOKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI Inkqubo yokuhlola iyilwe ngenjongo yokunabisa imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni kuzo zonke izifundo esikolweni apha enyakeni. Inkqubo yokuhlola okusesikweni kufuneka yenziwe sisikolo ukubonisa imihla eyakuthi yenziwe ngayo imisebenzi. Iimfuno zesifundo Iimfuno zokwenziwa komsebenzi zinikwe ngokweepesenti. Apho kuboniswa khona ama-20 eepesenti kweso sakhono solwimi, kuthetha ukuba ulwabiwo lokugqibela lwamanqaku eso sakhono malube ngama-20 eepesenti yaxa ewonke, ingabi ngamanqaku angama-20. Izikolo azibekelwanga mda kwinani lamanqaku abelwe isakhono solwimi kodwa ke ziqaphele umlinganiselo owabelwe isakhono ngasinye solwimi somsebenzi ngamnye ngokwepesenti eyabelwe CAPS 141
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 sona kwinkqubo yokuhlola. Umz. Kwibanga lesi-4 uvavanyo lokuqonda lolwimi lungasetelwa amanqaku angama-50 okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye oku kungenziwa ukuba ulwabiwo lamanqaku aluwudluli umlinganiso wokugqibela obekiweyo kwinkqubo yokuhlola. Kwicandelo lokubhala lenkqubo yokucwangcisela ukubhala okanye inkqubo yonke mayihlolwe ubuncinane kube kanye ngekota. Ubude beetekisi ezibhalwayo njengoko kubonisiwe kwicandelo lwesi-3. 3 kunyanzelekile lulandelwe. Le theyibhile ilandelayo inika iimfuno zokuhlola okusesikweni zoLwimi lwaseKhaya: Iitheyibhile zenkqubo yemisebenzi yokuhlola ngokusesikweni IBANGA LESI-7 IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI KWIKOTA YOKU-1 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ukubhala Umsebenzi wesi-3: Uvavanyo loku- 1 Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo/incoko Isincoko esichazayo/esibalisayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Ileta yobuhlobo/irivyu/ingxoxo yababini IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI KWIKOTA YESI-2 Umsebenzi wesi-2: Uvavanyo lwesi Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-3 -2 Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo/ Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni/lukaJuni ukwenza uphando/ulinganiso/iitekisi Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa ezibonisa inkqubo enemiyalelo ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kunye noncwadi (iiyure ezi- 2) Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala: Isincoko esinye kunye nomhlathi (iyure inye) IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI KWIKOTA YESI-3 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ukubhala Umsebenzi wesi-3: Uvavanyo lwesi-3 Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo/ Isincoko esichazayo/esibalisayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ukufunda okulungiselelweyo/ukufunda I-agenda nemizuzu OKANYE okungalungiselelwanga/ingxoxo yababini Uncwadi IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI NEYOKUPHELA KONYAKA: IKOTA YESI - 4 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Uviwo lokuphela konyaka Ingxoxo-mpikiswano/Udliwano-ndlebe/incoko/Intetho Iphepha loku-1: I-orali elungiselelweyo/Intetho engalungiselelwanga. Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi (iiyure ezi-2) Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala (iyure inye) 142 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ibanga lesi-8 IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI KWIKOTA YOKU-1 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ukubhala Umsebenzi wesi-3: Uvavanyo loku-1 Ingxoxo yeqela/intetho Isincoko esibalisayo/esicamngcayo Ulwimi nesicatshulwa engalungiselelwanga/Ingxoxo yeforam Ingxelo yephephandaba/inqaku lephephandaba IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI KWIKOTA YOKU-2 Umsebenzi wesi-3: Iimviwo Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ukubhala zaphakathi enyakene/zikaJuni Isicatshulwa esiphulaphulwayo/ Udliwano-ndlebe/imiyalelo/irivyu yebali Iphepha loku-1: I-orali izalathisi/ingxoxo yeforam/ingxoxo Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, yephaneli ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi (iiyure ezi-2) Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala (iyure enye) IMISEBENZI YOKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI KWIKOTA YOKU-3 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ukubhala Umsebenzi wesi-3: Uvavanyo loku-1 Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo/Incoko Isincoko esichazayo/esixoxayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi Ileta yobuhlobo/Ingxoxo yababini Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni neyokuphela konyaka kwikota yesi-4 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Uviwo lokuphela konyaka Ingxoxo-mpikiswano/udliwano-ndlebe/incoko/Intetho Iphepha loku-1: I-orali elungiselelweyo/Intetho engalungiselelwanga Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi (iiyure ezi-2) Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala (iyure enye) IBANGA LE-9 Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni kwikota yoku-1 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ukubhala Umsebenzi wesi-3: Uvavanyo loku-1 Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo/incoko Isincoko esichazayo/esibalisayo Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi Ileta yobuhlobo/irivyu/Ingxoxo yababini Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni kwikota yesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-3: Uviwo Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ukubhala lwaphakathi enyakeni Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo/incoko Irivyu/Idotyhumentari/Isaziso/I-Ajenda Iphepha loku-1: I-orali nemizuzu. Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi (iiyure ezi-2) Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala (iyure enye) Iphepha lesi-4: Iimpendulo kuncwadi (iyure enye) Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni kwikota yesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-3: Uvavanyo Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ukubhala lwesi-2 Ukufunda okulungiselelweyo/incoko Isincoko esichazayo/esibalisayo/ Isicatshulwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi esicamngcayo/esixoxayo Ileta ekhaphayo nesivi CAPS 143
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni neyokuphela konyaka kwikota yesi-4 Umsebenzi woku-1: I-orali Umsebenzi wesi-2: Uviwo lokuphela konyaka Ingxoxo-mpikiswano/Udliwano-ndlebe/Intetho Iphepha loku-1: I-orali elungiselelweyo/Intetho engalungiselelwanga Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi (iiyure ezi-2) Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala (iyure enye) Iphepha lesi-4: Iimpendulo kuncwadi (iyure enye) ImiSebenzi yokuHlola okuseSikweni ngokweBanga Itheyibhile yoku-1: iBanga lesi-7 Ukuhlola okusesikweni Enyakeni Uviwo lokuphela konyaka 40% 60% Ukuhlola okwenziwa esikolweni Amaphepha oviwo lokuphela konyaka (SBA) 40% 39. 2% 20. 8% Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni Iimviwo ezibhalwayo Imisebenzi yokuhlola yeorali: eli-10 Iphepha loku-1 Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, • Imisebenzi yeorali emi-4 ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi Ukuphulaphula • Imisebenzi yokubhala emi-2 Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala Ukuthetha • Imisebenzi yovavanyo emi-3 Ukufunda • Uviwo (phakathi enyakeni/ngoJuni) Imisebenzi yeorali eyenziwe apha enyakeni iyinxalenye yokuhlola ukuhlola kwangaphakathi kwasekuphelini konyaka. Itheyibhile yesi-2: ibanga lesi-8 Ukuhlola okusesikweni Enyakeni Uviwo lokuphela konyaka 40% 60% Ukuhlola okwenziwa esikolweni Amaphepha oviwo lokuphela konyaka (SBA) 40% 39. 2% 20. 8% Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni Iimviwo ezibhalwayo Imisebenzi yokuhlola I-orali: eli-10 Iphepha loku-1 Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, • Imisebenzi yeorali emi-4 ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi Ukuphulaphula • Imisebenzi yokubhala emi-3 Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala Ukuthetha • Imisebenzi yovavanyo emi-2 Ukufunda Uviwo (phakathi enyakeni/ngoJuni) Imisebenzi yeorali eyenziwe apha enyakeni iyinxalenye yokuhlola ukuhlola kwangaphakathi kwasekuphelini konyaka. 144 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Itheyibhile yesi-3: ibanga le-9 UKUHLOLA OKUSESIKWENI Enyakeni Uviwo lokuphela konyaka 40% 60% Ukuhlola okwenziwa esikolweni Amaphepha oviwo lokuphela konyaka (SBA) 40% 39. 2% 20. 8% Iimviwo ezibhalwayo Imisebenzi yokuhlola I-orali: Iphepha loku-1 Imisebenzi yokuhlola okusesikweni Iphepha lesi-2: Isicatshulwa, eli-10 ukusetyenziswa kolwimi noncwadi Ukuphulaphula • Imisebenzi yeorali emi-4 Iphepha lesi-3: Ukubhala Ukuthetha • Imisebenzi yokubhala emi-3 Iphepha lesi-4: Iimpendulo kuncwadi Ukufunda • Imisebenzi yovavanyo emi-2 Imisebenzi yeorali eyenziwe apha enyakeni iyinxalenye yokuhlola Uviwo (phakathi enyakeni/ngoJuni) ukuhlola kwangaphakathi kwasekuphelini konyaka. Ifomathi yamaphepha eemviwo - amabanga 7-9 Ifomathi yamaphepha eemviwo (Iimviwo zaphakathi nokuphela konyaka Ibanga lesi-7 % Ibanga lesi-8 % Ibanga le-9 % Iphepha loku-1: Iphepha loku-1: I-orali: Ukufunda Iphepha loku- 1: I-orali: 30 ngokuvakalayo, ukuphulaphula 30 Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo, 30 I-orali: Ukufunda nokuthetha ukuphulaphula nokuthetha ngokuvakalayo, ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Iphepha lesi-2: Iphepha lesi-2: Iphepha lesi-2: Okubhalwayo: Okubhalwayo: Okubhalwayo: Isicatshulwa esifundwayo Isicatshulwa esifundwayo 30 Isicatshulwa esifundwayo 30 isicatshulwa (15) 30 isicatshulwa (15) isicatshulwa (15) Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokusemxholweni. (15) ngokusemxholweni. (15) ngokusemxholweni. (15) Impendulo kuncwadi (10) Impendulo kuncwadi (10) Impendulo kuncwadi (10) Iphepha lesi-3: Iphepha lesi-3: Iphepha lesi-3: Okubhalwayo: Okubhalwayo: Okubhalwayo: 40 40 30 Ukubhala-Isincoko (20) Ukubhala-Isincoko (20) Ukubhala-Isincoko (20) Imihlathi / iitekisi zonxibelelwano Imihlathi / iitekisi zonxibelelwano Imihlathi / iitekisi zonxibelelwano (10) (10) (10) Iphepha lesi-4: Impendulo kuncwadi (10) • Isihobe • Uncwadi lwemveli • Amabali amafutshane 10 • Inoveli • Idrama (Amanqaku ngama-20 kuhlobo loncwadi ngalunye, aze aguqulelwe kwiipesenti ezili- 10) CAPS 145
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Iindidi zokuhlola ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka zihambelane nobudala babafundi nezinga labo lophuhliseko. Uyilo lwale misebenzi kufuneka lubandakanye umxholo wesifundo kunye neendidi zemisebenzi ezenzelwe ukufezekisa iinjongo zesifundo. Ukuhlola okusesikweni makuhambelane ncakasana nala mazinga okucinga nezi zakhono banazo abafundi eziboniswe apha ngasezantsi: 4.5 UKUREKHODA NOKUNIKA INGXELO NGOMSEBENZI Ukurekhoda yinkqubo apho utitshala abhala phantsi izinga lokusebenza lomfundi ngamnye kumsebenzi othile ohlolwayo. Kubonisa inkqubela-phambili yomfundi ekuzixhobiseni ngolwazi oluxeliweyo ngokweeNkcazelo zePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola. Iirekhodi zomsebenzi womfundi kufanele zinike ubungqina ngenkqubela-phambili yomfundi ngokwebanga kunye nokulungela kwakhe ukuqhubela phambili xa epasile ukuya kwibanga elilandelayo. Iirekhodi zomsebenzi womfundi kufanele zisetyenziswe ukungqinisisa inkqubela-phambili eyenziwe ngootitshala nabafundi kwinkqubo yokufundisa nokufunda. Ukukhupha iripoti okanye ingxelo yinkqubo yokwazisa abafundi, abazali babo, isikolo nabanye abachaphazelekayo malunga nendlela asebenza ngayo umfundi ezifundweni zakhe gabalala. Zininzi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukunika iripoti okanye ingxelo ngomsebenzi womfundi. Ziquka amakhadi eripoti okanye engxelo, ukubiza iintlanganiso nabazali, iintsuku zokutyelela esikolweni, iinkomfa zabazali nootitshala, ukufonela abazali, ukuthumela iileta kubazali, ukuthumela imbalelwano yesikolo okanye yeklasi kubazali, njalo-njalo. Ootitshala kumabanga onke banika iripoti okanye ingxelo ngokweepesenti ngesifundo ngasinye. Amazinga ahlukileyo empumelelo kunye neepesenti ahambelana nazo adweliswe kuli Theyibhile ingasezantsi. IIKHOWUDI NEEPESENTI ZOKUREKHODA NOKURIPOTA (NOKUNIKA INGXELO NGOMSEBENZI) Inkcazelo ngendlela aqhube Ikhowudi ngayo Ipesenti Kumsebenzi wakhe umfundi 7 Uphumelele ngokugqwesileyo 80 - 100 6 Uphumelele emagqabini 70 - 79 5 Uphumelel ngokuqaqambileyo 60 - 69 4 Uphumelele ngokwanelisayo 50 - 59 3 Uphumelele ngokufanelekileyo 40 - 49 2 Uphumelele ngokuyinxalenye 30 - 39 1 Akaphumelelanga 0 - 29 Ootitshala besiXhosa mabarekhode amanqaku achanekileyo kumsebenzi ngamnye ohlolwayo besebenzisa iphepha lokurekhoda elisemthethweni; banike iripoti ngokweepesenti kwisiXhosa kumakhadi eeripoti zabafundi. 4.6 UPHONONONGO LOKUHLOLA Uphononongo okanye imodareyishini yinkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi ehlolwayo ichanekile, yamkelekile kwaye isemgangathweni ochanekileyo. Uphononongo lwenziwa esikolweni, esithilini, nasephondweni. Umgagatho wophononongo weSizwe/kaNdlunkulu ungenziwa kumaphondo, izithili nezikolo ezikhethiweyo. Zonke iinkqubo ezichanekileyo neziqingqiweyo zokuphonononga okanye zokumodareyitha kufuneka zimiliselwe ukungqinisisa yonke imisebenzi yesiXhosa ehlolwayo. 146 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 4.6.1 Ukuhlola okusesikweni/ukuhlola okwenziwa esikolweni (SBA) • Iimvavanyo noviwo kwibanga lesi-7 nelesi-8 ziphononongwa okanye zimodareyithwa esikolweni. Umcebisi wesiXhosa wesithili/iphondo unoxanduva olusemthethweni lokuphonononga/ukumodareyitha isampuli yemisebenzi ehlolwayo yeorali kanye xa endwendwele okanye etyelele esikolweni ukungqinisisa umgangatho owamkelekileyo wemisebenzi yeorali kunye nophononongo/imodareyishini eyenziwe yintloko yesiXhosa. • Iimvavanyo kunye neemviwo zebanga le-9 kufuneka ziphononongwe okanye zimodareyithwe kwiphondo. Le nkqubo isingathwa lisebe lezemfundo lephondo. • Abacebisi besiXhosa kufuneka baphonononge okanye bamodareythe iisampuli zeemvavanyo namaphepha eemviwo phambi kokuba abhalwe ngabafundi ukungqinisisa imigangatho nokunika ootitshala besiXhosa isikhokelo sokuyiseta ngokusemgangathweni le misebenzi yokuhlolwa imiselweyo. 4.6.2 Imisebenzi yokuhlola ye-orali • Kwibanga lesi-7 - 9: Umsebenzi ngamnye weorali oyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuhlola kufuneka ungeniswe ngutitshala kwintloko yesifundo (HOD) ukuze iwuphonononge (iwumodareyithe) phambi kokuba wenziwe ngabafundi. Ootitshala bahlola imisebenzi yokuhlolwa yeorali. Umcebisi esithilini okanye kwiphondo kufuneka aphonononge okanye amodareyithe isampulu yemisebenzi yokuhlola ye-orali xa etyelele esikolweni esenzela ukungqinisisa umgangatho wemisebenzi leyo nophononongo okanye imodareyishini eyenziwe esikolweni. Umthunywa wokuphonononga/wokumodareyitha kandlunkulu (DBE) angaphonononga isampulu yemisebenzi yokuhlola yeorali yeBanga le-9. 4.7 ULWAZI GABALALA Olu xwebhu kufanele lusetyenziswe nalaa alandelayo: 4.7.1 National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grade R-12; kunye. 4.7.2 Noxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National Protocol of Assessment Grades R-12 CAPS 147
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 ULUHLU LWAMAGAMA Abantu abafumana ulwazi (abaphulaphuli, ababukeli) - aba ngabantu ekujoliswe kubo xa kunikezwa ulwazi oluthile; xa beza kuphulaphula okuthethwayo, babuke okukwisicatshulwa ke ngoko, ababhali kufuneka basoloko becinga ngenjongo kwanabantu abamkela ulwazi abaza kufunda, babuke ezo zinxibelelanisi litherasi - apha kubhekiswa kwiindidi ngeendidi zelitherasi (umz. ukukwazi ukubona uqonde izinto ozibona ngeliso lenyama, imizobo, ukubala, kunye nokulandela izinto ezinxulumene norhwebo). Iindlela ngeendlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi - ezi ndlela ngeendlela zibakho xa kukho ukulungelelaniswa okukhoyo kwisigama, kwiimo zezivakalisi namagama kunye nendlela igama elibizwa ngayo; oku ke kuyahluka kwingingqi nengingqi/kwisizwana nesizwana. Iitekisi ezibonwayo neziviwayo- iindlela ezinxulumeneyo zokunxibelelana ezinokuquka iitekisi ezibhaliweyo, ezibonwayo, isandi, ividiyo, njl njl Ijenra (genre)-iintlobo iitekise ezihlanganiswe ngayo, umz. Inoveli, umdlalo, isihobe, ileta yoburhulumente, ileta yobuhlobo Iitekisi ezimfutshane-umz. Iileta, imizuzu yentlanganiso, iingxelo, iifeksi Ilitherasi - ilitherasi lulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukwazi ukusebenzisa amanani, ulwazi lwekhompyutha, ukuqonda indlela izixhobo ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama ezisetyenziswa ngayo njalo-njalo; eli gama lisenokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukukwazi ukulungisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile, kwanokubhalela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kukwabonakalisa ukukwazi ukuvumbulula iintsingiselo Imbali - kubhekiswa kwibali elibaliswa ngomlomo okanye elibhaliweyo, elinezimvo ezilandelelana kakuhle ngokwendlela iziganeko ezenzeke ngayo Imephu yengqondo -ukubonisa isihloko apho amagama angundoqo neengcinga zicwangciswe khona ngokuzotywa Imfano-zandi -amagama anezandi eziphindaphindayo Imibuzo ekwiqondo eliphezulu- abafundi baqokelela ulwazi kwiziqendu ezahlukileyo zetekisi (ukubumba amagama adityanisiweyo), ukuthelekelela (ukufunda phakathi kwemigca), ukunika ubukhulu bokwenzekayo (nika uluvo) nokuxabisa itekisi (ukuchaza ukuba uyithandile okanye hayi nesizathu) Imibuzo ekwiqondo elisezantsi- yimibuzo apho abafundi bakhumbula izinto ezenzekileyo, umz. Bangobani abalinganiswa abaphambili ebalini? igama lomlinganiswa ophambili ngubani? Ebefunda phi? Imibuzo evalekileyo-yimibuzo efuna impendulo enye, umz. ’ Ewe’ okanye ‘hayi’ Imibuzo evulekileyo- imibuzo enokuphendulwa ngeendlela ezahlukileyo; umfundi makaphendule imibuzo esebenzisa amagama aphuma kuye. Umz. Ucinga ukuba inkwenkwe yayi baleka ntoni? Ucinga ukuba ebefanele kukwenza ntoni? Impixano-ingxabano phakathi kwabalinganiswa ebalini 148 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Impoxo - kusetyenziswa esi sagwelo kuthi kubekho ukuncoma okuphoxayo/yintetho eveza into echasene nale nto ubani ayithethayo; apha kuphoxiswa ngomntu (umz. xa usithi kumntu ofike mva kunani: ‘Ndiva kakubi ukuba sifike phambi kwakho’), ube wena umphoxela le nto efike emva kwexesha; sukube apha uphoxisa ngomntu. Imvakalo-zwi-1. ipateni yokuphakama kwelizwi okanye isandi sokuthetha ukubonakalisa izakhiwo. zokusetyenziswa kolwimi njenge zivakalisi 2. Ikwabonisa umahluko phakathi kweentetho nemibuzo ibonakalise nemvakalelo yesithethi Imvano-siphelo- amagama okanye imigca yesihobe ephela ngesandi esifanayo nonobumba Ingxoxo- mpikiswano -kwingxoxo kuphikisana amaqela amabini. Lamaqela anenjongo yokuqinisekisa kumgwebi nabaphulaphuli ukuba umbono wabo kwisihloko esinikiweyo unentsingiselo nokusabeleka ngaphezu kowelinye iqela eliphikisayo. Inkqubo yolongezelelo lweelwimi ezininzi (additive multilingualism) - xa umntu efunda ulwimi (iilwimi) ukongeza kulwimi lwakhe lwasekhaya; oku akuthethi ukuba olu lwimi luthatha indawo yoLwimi lwaseKhaya, koko lufundwa kunye nalo. Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo. umz. Amaqhalo nezaci, isikweko, isimntwiso, isifaniso Intsingiselo yentsusa/eqhelekileyo - yile ntsingiselo icacileyo yegama kuloo meko likuyo. umz. Eli bhastile lam lihle; uthetha ngebhastile eli lihle liligungqu lokudlala, kanti xa intsingiselo ibifihlakele ngesithetha ngobuhle mhlawumbi bentombi. Irejista/Ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abathile - amagama asetyenziswa kwimiba neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Umz. amagama asetyenziswa ngumfundi xa ethetha nomnye umfundi ongumhlobo wakhe ahlukile kumagama awasebenzisa xa ethetha notitshala amhloniphileyo. La ngamagama, okanye isimbo, igrama okanye indlela ubani alinyusa ngayo ilizwi; la magama asetyenziswa ngabantu abathile, okanye ababhali abathile kwiimo okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo, umz:- xa kubhalwa ileta yobuhlobo okanye yasebuRhulumenteni, ulwimi olusetyenziswayo alufani; kanti naxa uthetha nomntu omdala kunawe, awusebenzisi lwimi lunye njengaxa uthetha nontanga wakho. Isakhiwo sebali - esi sisicwangciso somsebenzi woncwadi ngakumbi kwiidrama neenoveli; isakhiwo sebali sibandakanya indlela le ilula yokulandelelana kweziganeko, ebonisa uzalwano phakathi kweziganeko, kubonakale futhi ukuba le into yenzeka ngenxa yaleya. Isifanadumo -kukusebenzisa amagama ukwenza izandi ezizichazayo (umz. Ukuchaphaza kwemvula) Isifaniso - kuxa ufanisa into ethile nenye; apha kusetyenziswa amagama afana noo “njenge-”, “nqwa ne-”, “oku kwe”, umz. Uhambisa oku kukanina. Isikweko - sisafobe apho kuthi kusetyenziswe enye into xa kuchazwa enye into, oko kusenziwa kuba ezo zinto zineempawu ezifanayo, umz. UThemba lo yinyoka (kuba enobungozi njengenyoka). Isimbo - indlela ecacileyo neyodwa umbhali acwangcisa amagama ngayo ukufumana ifuthe elithile. Isimbo sidibanisa kakhulu ingcinga echazwayo nobubodwa bombhali. Ezi zicwangciso ziquka ukhetho lwamagama olulodwa nemiba yobude nesakhiwo sezivakalisi, ithoni nokusebenzisa ukugqebela CAPS 149
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Isimntwiso - sisafobe esithi sifanise into engemntu siyifanisa nomntu; kuxa kuthathwe iimpawu zomntu zanikwa izinto ezingengobantu, umz. Tywala ungumlahlekisi (utywala apha benziwe baneempawu zobuntu kwathiwa buyalahlekisa). Isingqisho - ipateni eqhelekileyo ephindaphindayo yesandi Isithetha-ntonye/isithethantonye - ngamagama athetha into enye umz. ukurhala/ukubawa, umtshakazi/umakoti. Itekisi- intetha okanye uyilo ngokubhala, ukuthetha okanye okubonwayo Izijekulo- ukushukuma kobuso okanye umzimba ukubonisa intsingiselo (umz. Ukunqwala ngentloko ukubonisa ukuvuma) Ithoni/imvakalo-zwi - apha kunokubhekiswa kuqala kwindlela ubani abiza ngayo igama; eli gama “ithoni” xa lisetyenziswe nzulu likwabhekisa kwindlela igama elithile elisetyenziswe nzulu ngayo kwisivakalisi; kwisicatshulwa ithoni yegama ibhekisa kwindlela igama elisetyenziswe ngayo kuloo mo, nentsingiselo eliyizisayo; kwifilim ithoni ingaphunyezwa ngohlobo lomculo odlalwayo, kungenjalo imo-ntlalo. Izicatshulwa ezinobunyaniso - izicatshulwa ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi (amanqaku amaphepha-ndaba Izichasi-amagama achasanayo Udliwano-ndlebe-umsebenzi wokuqokelela ulwazi okanye ingxoxo phakathi kwabantu ubuso ngobuso, kubhekiselwe kwinjongo ethile. Uhlolo -yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo eqhubekayo yokuqokelela ulwazi lomfundi ngeendlela ezahlukileyo. Uhlolo oluqhubekayo-luhlolo lwemisebenzi enziwayo unyaka wonke Ukuhlela-inkqubo yokwenza uyilo lokuqala letekisi nokuliphinda, kuquke nokulungisa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi, iimpwu zokubhala nokufunda neziphoso zopelo, ukukhangela ukubhala okuneengcinga ezinamathelananyo nokwakhiwa kokunamathelana; kwimidiya, ukuhlela kuquka isakhiwo, ukhetho nokuyila iitekisi Ukukrwaqula - kuxa ubani ebalekisa amehlo xa efunda nokuba sisinxibelelanisi mhlawumbi, esenzela nje ukufumana ulwazi oluthile, umz. ukubalekisa nje amehlo ujonga igama elithile nenombolo yemfonomfono yomntu, okanye ukufumana ixesha emka ngalo ibhasi okanye uloliwe, xa ukrwaqula isicwangcisi-maxesha senkampani yeebhasi Ukuqal’ugwebe-ukuqala ugwebe umntu, iqela, ingcinga okanye unobangela Ukuqhawula amagama ngokwezandi- yenye yeendlela zokufunda igama ongalaziyo. Ukuquka - umthetho-siseko othi imfundo mayifikeleleke kubo bonke abafundi nokuba bafunda njani, imvelaphi yabo nolwazi labo Ukushicilela- xa abafundi beshicilela umsebenzi wabo, bawenza waziwe ngokwabelana ngawo, umz. Ngokuwunika utitshala, ngokuwuxhoma edongeni leklasi okanye ibhodi yezaziso, okanye ngokuwufakela kwingqokelela yezicengcelezo ULwimi lwaseKhaya - olu lulwimi abantwana abalufunda ekhaya besakhula, belufunda ngokulinganisa; olu lulwimi abafunda ngalo ukucinga; uLwimi lwaseKhaya lomfundi ongumXhosa sisiXhosa. 150 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 Ulwimi olongezelelweyo - lulwimi olufundwayo olongezwe kuLwimi lwaseKhaya. Ulwimi oluchukumisayo - lulwimi olusetyenziswe ngendlela apha ebanga usizi de ubani athi azive enosizi efuna ukulila, abe novakalelo. Ulwimi oluqhathayo - kuxa ubani esebenzisa ulwimi oluthile ngendlela yokuqhatha umntu, ezama mhlawumbi ukumphembelela ukuba makawele kweli lakhe icala; umzekelo uyafumaneka kwizibhengezo, apho kusetyenziswa ulwimi olunobuqhetseba ngamanye amaxesha; umz:- Thenga nazi izisulu, zikho namhlanje kuphela. Ulwimi olusetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngolunye ulwimi - kukho isigama esisetyenziswayo xa sithetha ngolwimi; oku kubandakanya isigama esifana nala magama asetyenziswa ngabantu abafundisa ulwimi: “imeko”, “isimbo sombhali”, “isakhiwo sebali”, “incoko yababini” nesinye isigama. Umabizwafane - ligama elibizwa, lipelwe ngokufana nelinye, kodwa libe lahlukile ngentsingiselo umz. idolo, eli siguqa ngalo; idolo eliligobe kwindlela yemoto Umfanekiso-ntelekelelo - kuxa kusetyenziswa amagama adala imifanekiso ezingqondweni zethu njengokusebenzisa izifaniso, izikweko, izimntwiso namanye amagama adala umfanekiso engqondweni yomntu. Umngangatho wokuzifundela- umngangatho apho umfundi anakho ukufunda itekisi ngocoselelo lwe-95% (kungabikho mpazamo engaphezu kwenye kumagama a -20). Umngangatho wokuzifundela yitekisi enobulula kumfundi. Umqondiso/isimboli - yinto esetyenziswa imele into ethile, umz:- ihobe ngumqondiso woxolo. Umsebenzi wokuhlola-umsebenzi wokuhlola abafundi onemisetyenzana okanye iziqingatha. Umxholo - yeyona mbono ingundoqo kubhalo loncwadi; isicatshulwa singanemixholwana emininzi, eminye kuyo ingacaci gca ibe selubala. Unobangela (nefuthe)-ukunyuka kwesenzeko okanye isimo Uvutho-ndaba - elona nqanaba libalulekileyo kwibali apho zonke iziganeko zisencochoyini kwaye ibali liya ngokukhula. CAPS 151
IsiXhosa uLwimi LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO iBANGA 7-9 152 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA