GR 8 Kitchen and restaurant operations LG FINAL 22 NOV 2022

Downloaded from hlayiso.com CONTENTS GRADE 8 HOSPITALITY STUDIES GR 8 LG MODULE 3: Kitchen and restaurant operations Unit 3.1: Kitchen Apparatus and Equipment - Identify, of equipment and apparatus - Functions/correct use and handling practises of equipment and apparatus - General care and cleaning Unit 3.2: Organising the Kitchen - Storeroom - Working in Teams - Soft Skills: respect, communication Unit 3.3: Recipes and Mise en place - Standard format - Mise en place of ingredients and apparatus Unit 3.4: Measuring of Ingredients - Measure wet and dry ingredients - Mass vs Volume Unit 3.5: Energy used for cooking purposes - Elements of heat or energy used for cooking purposes Unit 3.6: Moist heat cooking methods- Boiling - General Rules - Advantages and Disadvantages - Examples of food Dry heat cooking methods –Frying and grilling - General Rules - Advantages and Disadvantages - Examples of food - Types of Frying- Dry / Shallow / Deep Practical Activity Practical Activity: Organising the Kitchen and apparatus Page 1 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Practical Demonstration Practical Demonstration: Washing hands and cleaning kitchen Practical Demonstration: Different sources of energy and the safe use thereof Practical Demonstration: Dry frying, shallow frying, deep frying and grilling Performance Test Practical lesson 1: Written Test Identification Test: Equipment Practical lesson 2: Performance Test Washing /sanitising of hands & measuring ingredients Practical lesson 3: Performance Test: Prepare a no-bake cookies Practical lesson 1: Performance Test: Prepare and present Fruit Fritters Practical lesson 2: Performance Test: Prepare a filled vegetable dish – boiling Practical Skills Test Practical Skills Test: 1 – Prepare no-bake product. Practical Skills Test: 3 – Prepare and present mealie, corned beef, cheese or bacon / ham fritters Page 2 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com MODULE 3: KITCHEN & RESTAURANT OPERATIONS Unit 3.1: Kitchen Apparatus and Unit 3.2: Organising the Kitchen Unit 3.3: Recipes and Mise en place Equipment - Storeroom - Standard format - Identify, of equipment - Working in Teams - Mise en place of ingredients and and apparatus - Soft Skills: respect, apparatus - Functions/correct use communication and handling practises of equipment and apparatus - General care and cleaning ENTREPRENEURSHIP CAREER S Re-writing recipes in the Chefs/ staff standard format for local caterers at a cost cooks Food & Beverage managers Unit 3.4: Measuring of Unit 3.5: Energy used for Unit 3.6: Moist heat cooking methods- Boiling Ingredients cooking purposes - General Rules - Measure wet and dry - Elements of heat or - Advantages and Disadvantages ingredients - Mass vs energy used for - Examples of food Volume cooking purposes Dry heat cooking methods –Frying and grilling - General Rules - Advantages and Disadvantages - Examples of food - Types of Frying- Dry / Shallow / Deep KEY CONCEPTS General care Method Grilling Conversions Heat transferral Dry frying ingredients °Celsius /Fahrenheit Shallow frying Deep frying SOFT SKILLS Teamwork Attention for detail Metric conversion skills Precision Problem-solving skills Adaptability Confidence Creativity Page 3 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com INTRODUCTION Kitchen and restaurant operations are essential activities that are carried out to run a successful business. In this module we will be focusing on the different kitchen utensils and their care, the metric measurement system for measuring wet and dry ingredients, recipes in the standard format, the main elements of heating and cooking methods, namely moist and dry heat methods. Unit 3.1. KITCHEN APPARATUS & EQUIPMENT -Identify, of equipment and apparatus -Functions/correct use and handling practises of equipment and apparatus -General care and cleaning Any cook should be familiar with the correct utensils, apparatus, and equipment in the kitchen. It is important to consider several things and not only the price when buying them. Cooking requires specific tools, utensils, and equipment for proper and efficient preparation of food. Each piece has been designed to accomplish a specific job in the kitchen. The utensils, apparatus, and equipment are made of different materials, each having certain advantages and disadvantages. The following lists are materials of kitchen utensils and equipment commonly found in the kitchen. 3.1.1 NAME, FUNCTION AND CORRECT USE/HANDLING PRACTISES OF EQUIPMENT AND APPRATUS Aluminum Is the best for all-round use. It is the most popular, lightweight, attractive, and less expensive. It requires care to keep it shiny and clean. Much more, it gives even heat distribution no matter what heat temperature you have. It is available in sheet or cast aluminium. Since it is a soft metal, the lighter gauges will dent and scratch easily, making the utensils unusable. Stainless Steel Is the most popular material used for apparatus and equipment but is more expensive. It is easier to clean and shine and will not wear out as soon as aluminium. Page 4 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Glass Is good for baking but no practical on top or surface cooking. Great care is needed to ensure a long shelf life. Cast Iron Is sturdy but must be kept seasoned to avoid rust. Salad oil with no salt or shortening can be rub inside and out and dry. Wash with soap (not detergent) before using. Ceramic and Glass and ceramic conduct the heat slowly and heat-proof evenly. Many of these baking dishes are decorated glass and can go from stove or oven to the dining table. Teflon Is a special coating applied to the inside of some aluminium or steel pots and pans. It helps food from not sticking to the pan. It is easier to wash and clean, however, take care not to scratch the Teflon coating with sharp instrument such as knife or fork. Use wooden or plastic spatula to turn or mix food inside. Plastic and Hard Rubber Are used for cutting and chopping boards, tabletops, bowls, trays, garbage pails and canisters. They are much less dulling to knives than metal and more sanitary than wood. Plastics are greatly durable and cheap but may not last long. SMALL KITCHEN EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS: MEASURING EQUIPMENT Equipment Name Use Measuring spoons Used for small quantities of wet and dry ingredients Page 5 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Measuring cups Used to measure solids and dry ingredients, such as flour, fat and sugar. Made of aluminium or stainless material, and plastic and comes in different colours. Measuring jug Used for large amounts of wet ingredients Commonly made up of heat-proof glass and transparent so that liquid can be seen. Kitchen scale Used for large amounts of dry ingredients, e.g. rice, flour, sugar, legumes or vegetables and meat up to 5 kg. Temperature Used to measure heat intensity. Different thermometers thermometers are used for different purposes in food preparation – for meat, candy or deep-fat frying. SMALL KITCHEN EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS: CUTTING UTENSILS Chef’s knife Cutting and chopping of fruit, vegetables or even meat. Bread knife Cutting bread or pastry, the serrated edge does not blunt easily. Page 6 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Sharpening steel Used to sharpen long knives. Paring knife Peeling and cutting of vegetables or fruit. SMALL KITCHEN EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS: PREPARATION EQUIPMENT Equipment Name Use Wooden spoons Stirring and beating. Rubbing ingredients through a sieve. Creaming butter and sugar together. Pasta spoon or server Is used to transfer a little or much cooked pasta to a waiting plate, without mess. Pasta spoons are best used with spaghetti-style or other long pasta noodles: you can use a large slotted serving spoon for short pastas. Spatula / scraper A rubber or silicone tools to blend or scrape the food from the bowl. Scraping leftover mixture from bowls. Decorating of cakes. Spreading a mixture in a baking tin or pan. Vegetable peeler Used to scrape vegetables, such as carrots and potatoes and to peel fruits. The best ones are made of stainless Page 7 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com steel with sharp double blade that swivels. Potato masher Mashing potatoes or other soft, cooked vegetables or fruit, e.g. potatoes, turnips, carrots, etc. Cans, bottles, cartoons Use to open a food tin, preferably with a opener smooth operation, and comfortable grip and turning knob. Colander Also called a vegetable strainer are essential for various tasks from cleaning vegetables to straining pasta or tin contents. Cutting boards A wooden or plastic board where meats and vegetables can be cut. Different colour codes are available. Dredgers Used to shake flour, salt, and pepper on meat, poultry, and fish. Funnels Use to fill jars, made of various sizes of stainless steel, aluminium, or of plastic. Page 8 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Garlic press Is a kitchen tool which is specifically designed for the purpose of pulping garlic for cooking purposes. Graters Used to grate, shred, slice and separate foods such as carrots, cabbage and cheese. Kitchen shears They are practical for opening food packages, cutting tape or string to package foods or simply to remove labels or tags from items. Palette knife Lifting biscuits etc. from baking sheets. Turning pancakes. Spreading icing on a cake. Balloon whisk Used for whipping eggs or batter, and for blending gravies, sauces, and soups. Mixing bowls Container for mixing your ingredients in. Pastry brush / baster Brushing glazes onto food, e.g. tops of breads and baked goods after they come out of the oven, and returning some of the meat or poultry juices from the pan, back to the food. Greasing baking tins. Page 9 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Rolling pin Rolling out biscuits and pastry. Flipper / egg lifter Use for turning hamburgers and other food items. SMALL KITCHEN EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS: COOKING & BAKING EQUIPMENT Equipment Name Use Frying pan Frying of eggs, vegetables, meat etc. Used for cooking of different food types, Casserole Pots like vegetables, starches, meats, soups etc. Pressure cooker Use for cooking of tough foods like certain meat cuts. Making stews. Double boiler Used when temperatures must be kept below boiling, such as for egg sauces, puddings, and to keep foods warm without overcooking. Baking sheet Baking of biscuits etc. Page 10 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Cake tin Baking of cakes or breads SERVING UTENSILS Equipment Name Use Serving spoons A utensil consisting of a small, shallow bowl on a handle, used in preparing, serving, or eating food. Serving tongs Enables you to more easily grab and transfer larger food items, poultry or meat portions to a serving platter, to a hot skillet or deep fryer, or to a plate. Soup ladle Is used for serving soup or stews, but can also be used for gravy, dessert sauces or other foods. A soup ladle also works well to remove or skim off fat from soups and stews. Page 11 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com LARGE EQUIPMENT Equipment Name Use Sink Washing dirty dishes and kitchen equipment. Stove Cooking or baking of food, using the plates (hobs) or oven. Microwave Ovens Foods can be prepared ahead of time, frozen or refrigerated during slow periods, and cooked or heated quickly in microwave ovens. Refrigerator Cold storage of perishable foods. It is an insulated box, equipped with refrigeration unit and a control to maintain the proper inside temperature for food storage. Freezer Freezing of foods to be kept over a long period. It is an insulated box, equipped with refrigeration unit and a control to maintain the proper inside temperature for food storage. Page 12 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Deep fryer Used to cook foods in deep oil They make foods, e.g. crispy chicken wings, fish, French fries and other foods quickly and easily Griller Has a metal framework and a flat or grated surface for cooking food over direct heat. 3.1.2 GENERAL CARE AND CLEANING  Basic Utensil Care The best kitchen utensil care follows the basic steps of cleaning, rinsing, sanitizing, and any necessary upkeep prior to storing away. Utensils made of silver or wood require additional upkeep steps that you can DIY using basic household supplies.  How to Clean Utensils Utensils should be washed in hot water with dish soap and rinsed with clean water. Different chemical solutions are available for sanitizing utensils.  How to Care for Metal Utensils Some metals, like stainless steel, are designed to be sturdy, resilient to rust, and easy to sanitize. Others such as silver need more care.  How to Care for Silver Utensils It’s not recommended to wash silver or silver-plated utensils in a dishwasher due to the risk of tarnishing. Washing silver and stainless steel together can also discolour the silver utensils, or worse, lead to a pitting corrosion reaction in the silver.  How to Care for Wooden Utensils The best wooden utensils for cooking and serving food will be solid and non-porous. Wood can absorb food and food smells. Sealing the wood with a food grade oil will stops unwanted absorption, and also prevent the wood from cracking and splintering.  How to Care for Plastic, Nylon, and Silicone Utensils Page 13 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Utensils made from polymers such as plastic, nylon, and silicone all follow the wash, rinse, and sanitize procedure.  How to Care for Utensils Made of Multiple Parts The small crevice where the tool side of utensil meets its handle can be overlooked, resulting in a reservoir for bacteria, rust, and deterioration. Spatulas, whisks, and knives are examples of utensils that often connect a separately built tool to its separately built handle. Use a sturdy toothpick or small bristle-brush (like a toothbrush) to clean the small gaps found in these kinds of assemblies.  How to Care for Knives Pay special attention to cleaning knives made from multiple parts. Next to keeping them clean, keeping knives sharp is the most important aspect of knife care. DIY knife care can save you a lot of money and the inconvenience of waiting for your knives to be returned. CARING FOR APPLIANCES Enamel areas  Wipe over while still warm with a damp, soapy cloth. Dry with a soft cloth.  Always wipe spills immediately so they do not dry or cook onto surfaces.  Use a liquid cleaner to remove stubborn marks and avoid scouring pads or powder, which can scratch enamels. Control panel  Wipe over, and occasionally remove, and wash knobs.  Wipe off any build up on the panel. Burners (natural gas)  For day-to-day cleaning, wipe over the burners after each use. Aluminium should be rubbed over with soapy steel wool pads.  Brass and stainless steel should be washed in hot, soapy water. Always rinse and dry well.  Light burners to check correct replacement.  Pan supports or trivets. Wash in hot, soapy water. If they are very greasy soak in a solution of one tablespoon of washing soda to 4.5 litres of very hot water. Griller  Remove griller tray before cleaning.  Wash in hot, soapy water, using a fine, soapy steel-wool pad on heavily soiled areas.  Rinse and dry well.  Wipe out griller compartment with warm, soapy cloth.  Clean racks as for oven shelves. Page 14 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Oven  It is easier to clean the oven while it is still warm, but not hot.  Remove shelves and other moveable parts and wash in a hot-water detergent solution.  Stubborn spillage may require the use of a commercial cleaner.  Wipe over oven shelves, occasionally rubbing with a soapy fine steel-wool pad. Glass areas  Clean over with a hot, soapy cloth — remember most oven doors lift off for easy cleaning.  Avoid soaking glass doors as it may damage the insulation. STORAGE OF KITCHEN APPARATUS 1. Dry all baking tools and equipment by air-drying on a drying rack or wiping with a dry dishcloth. Make sure all wooden spoons and accessories are dry before storing. 2. Store all tools and equipment in their designated places. Put frequently used items in conveniently accessible locations. Gather and secure electrical cords to prevent entanglement or snagging. 3. Proper storage and handling of cleaned and sanitized equipment and utensils is very important to prevent recontamination prior to use. Page 15 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com INFORMAL ACTIVITY Word Search Circle the correct word on kitchen utensils KITCHEN APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT UTENSILS Find the hidden words within the grid of letters. Shade or circle the words when you find it. M A R W A T C H K C E D P M O C M R N N T E N E E V K E O R B O E I O E L E O O A S A M D R J R W G J A L L A V A H P P T L C S O N K R O Z T P S X L R S S G G L U U F U S E R E C K N U G W J U A N N V E E T C R L L L N D R P L N G B M I I S Q N R A E I E B E I Y W B N F K O T Y S Z E N R P A N R N S A N O R P A T S R T W W X U V S E G G G N T R K K Y C A F V Y Z F E F E C C S G R A T E R A T Q O J L L R E M U B G Y P Y Y H S A P O R R M N Y N I P G N I L L O R L A R M P V A C A N O P E N E R L R W O B G N I X I M M S T O A S T E R L E T O N G S K K Z L S E H D A L J U T W D M G M S K E I L A V G A R L I C P R E S S A R K T S L H D F C A D R Q D J P M U T E E T N I I M L B O V E N M I T T S O X H L T R I Q H E G H P O K I X K U R I R E Y G S W F J W C Q G E B V Q Q H M L Z F T T H T D E P Page 16 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com apron frying pan knife mixing bowl steamer blender funnel ladle oven mitts strainer can opener garlic press measuring cups potato masher toaster colander grater measuring spoons roasting pan tongs corkscrew grill meat cleaver rolling pin whisk fork kettle mixer spatula wok PRACTICAL LESSON 1: WRITTEN PERFORMANCE TEST Identification Test:  Identification of kitchen equipment and apparatus.  Demonstrate / explain the use and care of each. KITCHEN APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Surname, Name: TOPIC Gr 8: OBJECTIVES: Kitchen and Restaurant SOFT SKILLS: Students will be able to: Operations  Decision  Identify small and large kitchen Making equipment  Attention to  Demonstrate /explain the use and detail care of it. Identify the following kitchen equipment and indicate the use of each one: EQUIPMENT NAME USE Page 17 of 86

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Downloaded from hlayiso.com TOTAL: 30 MARKS (Converted to 25) RESOURCES VIDEOS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71cvSqZSwi0 Kitchen Utensils In The Professional Kitchen And What Equipment You Need At Home https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7FxjEe31QE Kitchen Equipment And Utensils And Their Uses http://youtube.com/watch?v=dayOQPXCccA How To Clean Tools For The Kitchen http://youtube.com/watch?v=eyI5--dMHXU How To Clean And Santise Kitchen Tools And Equipment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NELxe2U4HcQ How To Clean Kitchen Appliances Page 19 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Unit 3.2: Organising the Kitchen - Storeroom - Working in Teams - Soft Skills: respect, communication - 3.2.1 Storerooms - FOOD STORAGE AREAS: FREEZER  Under 18C  Tightly wrapped  Label and date MEAT  Thaw properly FISH ICE CREAM REFRIGERATOR / COLD ROOM  Keep perishable food below 7C  Do not overload  Store raw and cooked separately  Keep food covered  Hot food should cool down first  Keep door shut  Keep shelves clean  Check temperature daily  Defrost and clean regularly DRY STORAGE  Cool dry place  Not against walls or on floor  Keep containers tightly closed  Inspect goods for damage & expiry dates  Inspect stored goods regularly  Clean food stores regularly  Store same kind food together  In specific place WHEN STORING FOOD ALWAYS REMEMBER FIFO FIRST IN FIRST OUT Page 20 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com INFORMAL ACTIVITY Storeroom Storage WORKSHEET: FOOD STORAGE DATE: 1. Indicate what the term FIFO means (1) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. The following items have been bought for an evening function taking place the following day: A whole frozen chicken  Eggs Packet of frozen fish Flour Potatoes Fresh milk Oil Apricot jam Long life cream Dried breadcrumbs Cheese Margarine Salt Frozen peas Tomatoes Draw a table to indicate where you would store each of the items and also indicate the temperature for each storage Dry storage Refrigerator/Cold room Freezer (1) (1) (1) Temperature Products (2) (2) (2) - - Page 21 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com - - 3.2.2 Working in teams - “Teamwork makes the dream work, but a vision becomes a nightmare when the leader has a big dream and a bad team.” – John C. Maxwell Source: michaganstatueuniversityonline.com Here are some universal and essential components of a team. It is the job of the leader to build the environment for a team to form.  TRUST – Without trust, a group will never become a team. Trust that coworkers have each other’s backs, trust that everyone will pull his or her weight and trust that the leader will support the decisions and actions of the team.  RESPECT – Teams gel when there is mutual respect.  EXCELLENT COMMUNICATION – Complete, honest, consistent, and timely communication from the top down and the bottom up is the number one rule used by successful teams.  TEACH AND TRAIN – Great teams and the individuals who are part of the team are always striving to improve. Every cook and every chef can benefit from ongoing training and the opportunity to learn from others.  WIN AND LOSE AS A TEAM. NO FINGER-POINTING – Watch the consistently great teams, and you will notice that they rarely point fingers outward. If the team fails, it is because the unit fell down in the process.  SHARE – Successful teams share knowledge, share success, share in each other’s pain and joy, and share the blame and the opportunities that stand before them.  ENCOURAGE – Chefs need to encourage cooks and support staff to reach for that dangling carrot and tell them, “Be better, I know you can be.” Pat them on the back and then offer whatever opportunities might exist to raise the bar once again.  SET HIGH EXPECTATIONS AND DEMAND NOTHING LESS Page 22 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com - WORK ETHIC TRUMPS EXPERIENCE – Great teams know that there is no substitute for hard work. This is the foundation of a team, an expectation of all involved and a unifying factor that will help a team exceed expectations, every time. - - What is the difference between soft skills and hard skills - - Soft skills tend to be more personality-focused and hard skills are technical skills that are often job specific. - - 3.2.3 SOFT SKILLS - - A. Respect - Source: www.voiceproinc.com - - - Here are a few tips for workplace communication that’s both successful and respectful: -  Practice politeness, courtesy, and kindness. No matter who you’re speaking to, what your mutual history is, what kind of day you’re having or whatever other factors you bring to the table, good manners are a constant must. Be kind every day, be courteous regarding others’ needs and opinions and be polite at all times — even if you’re not feeling your kindness. A little respect goes a long way and will reflect on you positively.  Listen graciously. People have a tendency to do a lot of talking when it comes to communicating across companies, projects, deals and ideas — but take the time to listen, as well. Successful and respectful communication is a two-way street, so make sure when you’re having a conversation, you take the time to attentively listen to and actively hear others.  Avoid negativity. No matter how frustrated you are, it’s never acceptable to insult, disparage or make fun of either people or their ideas. In the end, it will only lead to a mutual loss of respect that could affect the workplace as a whole. Instead, choose a constructive way of compromising or collaborating to solve problems or address issues.  Talk to people — not about them. If you take issue with a person or situation, the best way to address the problem is head-on. Too often, we may resort to holding on to our dissatisfaction, letting unease stew or alleviating frustration by complaining about someone Page 23 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com behind his or her back because we’re nervous about confrontation and creating tension — but letting an issue fester is even worse. Instead, straighten the situation directly with the person in a constructive and respectful manner.  Don’t overcriticize. When leading a team or reviewing your employees, it’s important to give constructive feedback and mention what they could do differently to grow — but nit- picking, belittling, patronizing or constantly criticizing will only discourage others and damage your relationship. Instead, offer constant positive reinforcement along with constructive comments to give your teammates the confidence and encouragement they need.  Treat people equally. No matter the difference in background, position, qualifications or other factors, treat everyone you interact with fairly and equally to maintain a positive workplace.  Be emotionally empathetic. You can never know exactly what’s going on in someone else’s life — so when you speak to them, don’t be judgmental, impersonal or closed-off. Keep yourself emotionally open, pick up on others’ cues and practice empathy. It will take you far in any relationship.  Value others’ opinions. Different ideas, perspectives and backgrounds are what make a workplace multifaceted and push progress, so always make sure to value others’ opinions, encourage expression, consider their viewpoints and collaborate. - B. Communication - Key competencies and Why train your employees in What is it? traits that make up this this skill? skill:  Clarity Your employees will be able to communicate more effectively  Confidence both with one another and with  Respect your customers, which is a win-  Empathy win situation. By developing Communication skills  Listening their communication skills, can be oral or written and facilitate effective  Verbal communication you’ll be empowering them to expression in the  Non-verbal express themselves more workplace. communication clearly, listen more actively and attentively, and achieve better  Written communication outcomes from difficult  Constructive feedback conversations.  Friendliness Page 24 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Source: springhillcare.com - PRACTICAL ACTIVITY Organising the Kitchen Work in Pairs: get to know work units / storeroom with apparatus; packing and organising apparatus. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY: INSTRUCTION: Workstation unit activity: 1. Learners to work in pairs in their work unit in the training kitchen. 2. Educator will give learners the list of apparatus stored in the work unit. 3. Each learner to take turns in being able to correctly identify each apparatus on the list. LIST OF APPARATUS TICK IF CORRECT A measuring spoon B egg lifter C cake tin D saucepan E sifter F measuring cup G egg beater Storeroom Activity: 1. Learners to work in pairs. 2. Each pair is given a minute to go into the storeroom and look at how the apparatus are organised. 3. They must then draw a diagram of what is stored where in the storeroom (1 storeroom diagram per group) Page 25 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4. Each group is given a list of 5 storeroom items, e.g., baking sheet, whisk, saucepan, grater, mixing bowl. 5. The learners are required to determine where these items will be stored by correctly writing the name of each of these items on their diagram of the storeroom. If time allows: The learner is to go into the storeroom and place the item in its correct place in the storeroom. INFORMAL ACTIVITY Teamwork and Communication Answer the following questions that follows: 1. Fill in the blanks to show that you understand what Teamwork is all about Choose from the following list of words that which are essential for good teamwork share encourage trust respect hard work  Teams gel when there is mutual ..........1.1………..  A team leader must motivate and ……….1.2………. his / her personnel to bring out the best in them and to strive for even higher standards.  Everyone should enjoy the success for a job well done and also take responsibility and ……….1.3………. the blame if things go wrong.  The leader must ……….1.4………. that his team will each pull their weight and get the job done, without hovering over them.  Every team member must know that to be successful is ……….1.5………, and that everyone needs to pull their weight and do what is expected of them for the good of the business. (5) 2. List FIVE ways of communicating respectfully. (5) Unit 3.3: RECIPES AND MISE EN PLACE - Standard format - Mise en place of ingredients and apparatus Page 26 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 3.3.1 What is a Recipe?  It is a map or tool used by the chef or cook to prepare the dish correctly.  It is a written record of the ingredients and preparation steps (method) needed to make a particular dish. Ingredients are the The instructions or A dish is the item that food products such as the method indicates can be eaten after all milk, eggs, baking what must be done ingredients in the powder and cheese with each ingredient or recipe were mixed and used to prepare a dish. groups of ingredients cooked. together before it can become a dish. Method: 1. Heat the oven to 200°C. Break 2 eggs into a 2. measuring jug. 3. Add milk up to the 250 ml mark and pour into a large mixing bowl. 4. Add 5 ml salt and beat well. 5. Add 125ml oil to the mixture. 6. Add 250 ml cake flour and 15 ml baking powder and beat very well. 7. Fill paper muffin cups 1/3 full. 8. Sprinkle with cheese and grated Vienna sausages. 9. Fill muffin cups till almost full with the rest of the muffin mixture. 10. Sprinkle with Aromat. 11. Bake for 10 – 15 min until Source: thepioneerwoman.com& golden brown. thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk Why must I read through a recipe?  Recipes list the exact ingredients to use in the logical order in which they are prepared.  Ingredients and instructions must produce the same result every time. Page 27 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com What is a good recipe? A recipe that saves:  money,  labour and  time RECIPE LAYOUTS – Standard Recipe Standard format – ingredients are listed according to the sequence of use. Thereafter, the method follows in steps. A standardized recipe must follow a format that is clear to anyone who used them. It lists the ingredients first, in the order they are to be used, followed by assembly directions or the method for putting the ingredients together Picture of There are different sections in a recipe: product Name of Recipe Ingredients Yield/ Portion size Method General information [Source: www.pinterest.com] Page 28 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 3.3.2 MISE EN PLACE IN THE KITCHEN [Source: www.youtube.com ] Mise-en-place is French for “to put in place” It refers to the preparation done before cooking or service, either in the kitchen or in the restaurant. Food preparation mise-en-place includes:  Getting all equipment and utensils ready that are required to make the dish or meal.  Locating and then measuring all the ingredients.  Preparing the ingredients, for example grating, chopping, boiling, cutting, marinating, or making stocks.  Switching on all equipment and selecting the correct temperatures. Advantages of mise-en-place Mise-en-place helps with effective kitchen organisation and workflow by limiting movements of team workers and saving time. This process also:  Ensures that the work is done correctly, and that equipment and ingredients are available.  Prevents wastage as preparation is done for the correct number of guests.  Ensures successful food production. Page 29 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Preparing the area and the equipment. [Source: www.motherwouldknow.com & www.twohealthykitchens.com ] Before you collect or mix ingredients for any dish, you need to prepare the area and equipment as follows:  Make sure that surfaces are clean (and sprayed with an antibacterial spray)  Collect and arrange the equipment for the particular dishes that you need to prepare. Also collect any additional equipment that may not be close at hand specialised equipment that is not stored at the unit.  Sharpen the knives with the sharpening steel.  Turn the oven indicator to the required temperature.  Prepare baking sheets by greasing, or greasing and flouring, or greasing and lining with paper. Collect the ingredients  Once the equipment has been collected and the area prepared, it is necessary to collect the ingredients required for the recipe that you are going to prepare.  The recipe will give you the list of the ingredients, the quantity required, and the preparation required of each ingredient, the quantity required and the preparation required of each ingredient you need to collect before starting to cook the dish. [Source: twohealthykitchens.com] Page 30 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Prepare the ingredients Preparing ingredients involves preparing all the ingredients necessary to make a particular dish in advance. You need to:  Measure or weigh the required ingredients accurately.  Prepare the ingredients by, for example, washing, chopping, cutting, marinating and/or making stocks.  Place the prepared ingredients in individual bowls or containers. Depending on the recipe, mise-en-place involves chopping, slicing, shredding and grating ingredients. As you prepare the ingredients, you need to carry out the various tasks in a logical sequence, e.g., you would first wash the vegetables, then peel them and finally chop them. You should also try to finish one task at a time before you start the next step. Avoid doing too many tasks at the same time. Basic general skills required for mise-en-place - Knife skills Cutting techniques:  Slicing  Dicing  Peeling  Chopping  Chiffonade  Precision cuts such as julienne, batonnets, brunoises, paysanne and turning of vegetables. [Source: www.reluctantgourmet.com ] Other skills required for mise-en-place – Pre-preparing ingredients Examples are:  Toasting nuts  Making breadcrumbs  Melting butter  Grating foods  Flavouring foods with herbs and spices by adding flavouring to stocks and soups, making a marinade or a rub to add extra flavour to meat and fish.  Infusing cooking liquids with herbs or spices.  Blanching or parboiling food. Recipe techniques: Page 31 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE ILLUSTRATION 1. Preparation of pans: Pans are sprayed with greasy food spray or rubbed with butter/margarine or lined with baking paper before baking. 2. Sifting: Dry ingredients like flour, baking powder and salt are sifted together to incorporate air. 3. Cutting in: Butter or margarine is cut into a flour mixture with a pastry cutter until the mixture looks like coarse mealie meal. Rubbing in: Can also be used instead of cutting in – butter or margarine is rubbed into flour with the finger points until it looks like coarse mealie meal. 4. Mix: Use a wooden spoon and stir all around in the bowl until all ingredients are evenly spread. 5. Beat: Use a beater to beat egg whites until foamy. In this way air is incorporated. Page 32 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE ILLUSTRATION 6. Stir: Hold a wooden spoon upright and stir with circular movements on the base of the mixing bowl to evenly mix ingredients. 7. Press out: Use cookie cutters to press out shapes for biscuits or scones from dough. 8. Scraping out: Use a scraper to scrape batter out of a mixing bowl (to wipe out the last bit from the mixing bowl) 9. Cooling of baked products: Hot, baked products are placed on a cooling rack after removing them from the oven to allow them to cool off. Cakes may only be removed from the pans once they are properly cooled off. 10. Draining of fried food: To remove extra oil by using absorbent kitchen towel. 11. Grate: Use a grater and rub something such as cheese, up and down against rough blades on the outside of a grater, to break it up in small, even pieces. Page 33 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Unit 3.4: METRIC MEASUREMENTS - Measure wet and dry ingredients - Mass vs Volume The metric system is easy to learn and simple to use. The following unit presents some important measuring equivalents, tables, and conversions. Unit Quantity Uses (Symbol) Smaller millilitre (ml) For measuring most liquids. volumes For measuring larger amounts of liquids or the volume of litre (l) Large volumes pots, mixing bowls, etc. Smaller For measuring the majority of non-liquid ingredients, gram (g) weights including flour, sugar, meats, cheeses, butter etc. For measuring larger quantities of non-liquid ingredients, kilogram (kg) Large weights including meats, fruits, and vegetables. OVEN TEMPERATURE Temperature in the metric system is usually measured in degrees Celsius (°C). Page 34 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com MEASURING INGREDIENTS CORRECTLY Accurate techniques in measuring are as important as the tools for measuring. Therefore, always observe the following procedures:  Rice and flour. Fill the cup to overflowing, level-off with a spatula or with a straightedge knife [Source: www.thecookinggeek.com]  Refined sugar. Sift sugar once to take out lumps, if any. Spoon into cup and level off with a spatula. Do not pack or tap the sugar down. [Source: www.123rf.com] Page 35 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com  Brown sugar. Pack into cup just enough to hold its shape when turned out off cup. Level off with a spatula before emptying. [Source: www.recipetips.com]  Level a measuring spoon with straight edge of a knife to measure small amounts of salt, pepper, leavening agents or solid fats.  Liquid ingredients. Liquid measuring cup – a glass or plastic cup with graduated markings on the side. Place the cup on a flat, level surface. Hold the cup firmly and pour the desired amount or liquid into the cup. Lean over and view the liquid at eye level to make sure it is the proper amount.  Ingredients which measure by volume and by weight demand standardized measuring tools and equipment.  Do not shake the dry measuring cup to level off dry ingredients.  It is easier to weigh fat, butter, margarine if bought in pre- measured sticks. If fat does not come in pre-measured sticks, use a scale to weigh the needed amount. Page 36 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com  Spring scales should be adjusted so that pointer is at zero (0). Place pan, bowl, or piece of waxed paper on scale to hold ingredient to be measured.  When using balance scales, place the pan on the left-hand side of the balance and the pan weight on the right-hand side. Add the required weights to the right-hand side and adjust the beam on the bar so that the total is the weight needed. [Source: www.gwydir.demon.co.uk] INFORMAL ACTIVITY Page 37 of 86 Measuring of ingredients: flour, water and margarine (volume and

Downloaded from hlayiso.com QUESTION :1 Study the set of measuring spoons: 1.1 Label each spoon with the volume that it measures. State the amount and the unit. (4) 1.2 Answer the following questions regarding the use of measuring spoons: 1.2.1 5 ml = ONE _______________________. 1.2.2 2.5 ml = _______________ a _________________. 1.2.3 15 ml = ONE ______________________. (4) 1.3 Which spoons will you use to measure the following amounts of ingredients? EXAMPLE: 7.5 ml Vanilla essence = 5 ml + 2.5 ml = 7.5 ml  1.3.1 12.5 ml sugar = _______ + _________ = 12.5 ml  1.3.2 20 ml oil = _______ + _________ = 20 ml  1.3.4 17.5 ml baking powder = _________ + _________ = 17 ml  1.3.5 30 ml cornflour = _________ +__________ = 30ml (8) 1.4 Name TWO examples of kitchen equipment that can be used to level the amount of ingredients in a measuring spoon. ________________________________ ________________________________ (2) QUESTION:2 Page 38 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Study the set of measuring cups: 2.1 Label each cup with the volume that it measures. State the amount and the unit. 8 x ½ = (4) 2.2 Answer the following questions regarding the use of measuring cups: 2.2.1 250 ml = ONE _______________________. 2.2.2 125 ml = _______________ a _________________. 2.2.3 500 ml = __________ cups. (4) 2.3 Which cups will you use to measure the following amounts of ingredients? EXAMPLE: 185 ml Milk= 125 ml + 60 ml = 185 ml 2.3.1 625 ml sugar = _______ + _______ + _______ = 625 ml 2.3.2 375ml flour = _______ + _______ = 375 ml 2.3.3 310 ml rice = _______ + _______ + _______ = 310 ml 2.3 4 75 ml salt = _______ + _______ = 75 ml 2.3.5 70ml coconut = _________ + _________ = 70 ml (12) 2.4 Why must measuring cups get rinsed with hot water before syrup is measured? ___________________________________________________________ (2) TOTAL:40 MARKS Page 39 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com INFORMAL ACTIVITY Metric measurements) Metric measurements Study the following recipe below and answer the questions related to metric measurements. CUSTARD COOKIES: INGREDIENTS 125 g butter 3 tbsp Castor sugar 60 ml Custard powder 1½ cup Cake flour 10 ml BP 1 egg, beaten 1 tsp Vanilla essence METHOD: 1. Sift the dry ingredients together and add to the margarine mixture. 2. Set the oven to 200 degrees C and grease the baking tray. 3. Bake at 190 degrees C until light brown, about 10-15 min. Cool on cooling rack. 4. Using a wooden spoon, cream margarine and castor sugar. 5. Add the egg and vanilla essence to the dry ingredients and mix to a soft dough. 6. Roll into balls and press with a fork. Garnish with cherries. 1. Identify all the following ingredients:  Wet ingredients (4)  Dry ingredients (3) 2. Is the oven temperature written correctly? Give a reason for your (2) answer. 3. Give the correct abbreviation for the following terms. 3.1 Millilitre 3.2 Gram 3.3 Grade Celsius 3.4 Kilogram (4) 4. How many grams in 2 kilograms? (1) 5. Explain with a picture how to measure 250 g of butter. (5) Page 40 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6. Name which measuring equipment you will use for the following: 6.1.1 butter (1) 6.1.2 BP (1) 6.1.3 vanilla essence (1) TOTAL: 22 MARKS PRACTICAL LESSON 2: PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE TEST  Washing / sanitising of hands.  Measuring of ingredients: flour, water and margarine (volume and mass). WASHING AND SANITISING HANDS / MEASURING OF INGREDIENTS Surname, Name Topic Gr 8: OBJECTIVES: Kitchen and SOFT SKILLS: Students will be able to: Restaurant  Decision Making  Keep hands hygienic when handling Operations  Attention to detail food.  Communication  Measure accurately  Teamwork  Work effectively with equipment ASSESSMENT Washing Measuring Conclusion TOTAL /Sanitising Hands [5] [15] [5] [25] Page 41 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 1] List the10 steps you would follow to wash hands hygienically. Perform the washing of your hands as listed by you. STEPS TO FOLLOW TO WASH HANDS HYGIENICALLY YES NO TOTAL 10/2 [5] Page 42 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2.1] Study the recipe below and measure each ingredient accurately using the correct equipment. MEASURING INGREDIENTS TECHNIQUE/S: Measuring of dry ingredients Recipe: SHERBET 3ml bicarbonate of soda 2ml citric acid 30ml icing sugar 5ml flavoured jelly crystals (optional) Method: 1. Measure all the ingredients in a small mixing bowl. 2. Dip your finger into the mixture to taste. INGREDIENTS Quantity MEASURING EQUIPMENT needed Bicarbonate of soda 3 ml (1) Citric Acid 2 ml (1) Icing Sugar 30 ml (1) Flavoured jelly crystals 5 ml (1) 1. Washing of hands (1) Page 43 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2.2 Study the list of ingredients below and measure the given amounts using the correct equipment. Identify and write down the equipment used to do the measurements. 20/2 (10) INGREDIENTS Quantity MEASURING EQUIPMENT needed Maize meal ½ cup (2) 1 cup (2) 1. TWO METHODS 3 cups TO USE 2. (4) Sugar ⅓ cup (2) ¾ cup (2) (2) ⅔ cup Water 200 ml (2) 375 ml (2) (2) 1L Page 44 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 3. Based on your knowledge of Personal Hygiene and kitchen equipment, develop your own conclusion: The learner will develop his/her own conclusion, based on his/her knowledge regarding Personal Hygiene and equipment.  Indicate in your conclusion why it is important to wash / sanitise hands.  Indicate in your conclusion why it is important to measure ingredients accurately.  Indicate why correct equipment must be used to measure ingredients. (5) TOTAL:25 MARKS PRACTICAL LESSON 3: PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE TEST Prepare a no-bake cookie e.g.chocolate clusters or slices:  Reading and interpreting the recipe  Do mise-en-place for the recipe  Measuring of ingredients NO BAKE OATMEAL COOKIES Surname, Name: Gr. 8 Food commodities: No Bake OBJECTIVES: SOFT SKILLS to strengthen Oatmeal Cookies Learners will be able to: hard skills: Read and interpret a  Analytical skills recipe to prepare  Decisiveness Oatmeal Cookies  Critical Thinking CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCT Appearance Texture Taste Irregular top Crunchy Sweet, nutty golden brown flavour colour ASSESSMENT Personal Prep Final product Questions TOTAL hygiene sheet Page 45 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com “Clean [5] as you [5] [6] [5] go” 25 [4] Hair 2 Appearance 2 Nails 1 Texture 2 Apron 2 Taste 2 A. INTRODUCTION (5 minutes) B. Study the recipe carefully and complete the mise en place form provided. NO BAKE OATMEALCOOKIES Portion/Yield = 12 Ingredients 500ml rolled oats Can use quick oats 250ml peanut butter * See notes 80ml cup maple syrup 60ml cup chocolate chips - optional Method 1. Line a baking sheet with greaseproof paper and set aside. 2. In a large mixing bowl, add all the ingredients and mix well, until combined. 3. Fold through the chocolate chips, if using. 3. Using your hands, form into 12 small balls and place on the lined baking sheet. 4. Press each ball into a cookie shape. 5. Refrigerate for at least 20 minutes 6. Decorate and present. C. Mise en place NAME OF RECIPE: NO BAKE OATMEAL COOKIES Ingredients Recipe Mise en place of ingredients [1] Amount Page 46 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Mise en place-apparatus [3] Mise en place of additional equipment not found at your work station [1] Number of portions: [1] Technique Applied: [1] Description of dish: [1] Oven/temperature control on stove / Refrigeration: [1] Cooking Method: [1] TOTAL = 10/2=5 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1. Identify any TWO small kitchen apparatus you used to prepare the cookies. [2] 2. Recommend THREE variations that can be used for the oatmeal cookies. [3] TOTAL: 25 Page 47 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SKILLS TEST 1 Preparation of a no-bake product e.g. no bake drop cookies or slices:  Assessment of: Recipe interpretation,  Mise-en-place NO BAKE LEMON AND COCONUT SLICES measuring Surname, Name: Gr.- Food commodities: No Bake OBJECTIVES: SOFT SKILLS to strengthen Oatmeal Cookies Learners will be able to: hard skills: Read and interpret a  Analytical skills recipe to prepare  Decisiveness Oatmeal Cookies  Critical Thinking CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCT Appearance Texture Taste Irregular top Crunchy Sweet, nutty golden brown flavour colour ASSESSMENT Personal “Clean Prep Final product Questions TOTAL hygiene as you sheet go” [5] [4] [5] [6] [5] 25 Hair 2 Appearance 2 Nails 1 Texture 2 Apron 2 Taste 2 A. INTRODUCTION (5 minutes) B. Study the recipe carefully and complete the mise en place form provided. NO BAKE LEMON AND COCONUT SLICES Prep Time: 15 minutes Chilling time: 4 hours Portion/Yield = 6 Total Time: 4 hours 15 minutes Servings: 6 serves Equipment Page 48 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com  Food processor, rolling pin or Thermomix Ingredients Lemon Slice Base  24 g butter  75 g (3/4 cup) sweetened condensed milk  75 g plain sweet biscuits (like Arnotts Marie biscuits)  27 g (1 cup) desiccated coconut  lemon juice and zest from 1 lemon Lemon Frosting  108 g (3 cups) pure icing sugar  27 g butter softened to room temperature  22.5 ml (5 tbs) extra lemon juice  6 g (3 tbs) desiccated coconut METHOD 1. Grease and line a 18cm x 28cm rectangular slice tin with baking paper. 2. Crush biscuits and place crumbs into a bowl. 3. Add desiccated coconut and grated lemon rind. Mix to combine. 4. Add melted butter, condensed milk and the juice from 1 lemon to the biscuit mixture. Mix thoroughly until well combined. 5. Press into the prepared tin and place into the fridge. 6. In a bowl, whisk the icing sugar, room temperature butter and extra lemon juice in a bowl until creamy and 'frosting-like' - if the frosting is too thick to spread, add a little more lemon juice. 7. Spread the frosting over the slice, sprinkle with the extra coconut and place back into the fridge to firm completely. 8. Cut into pieces once slice has firmed. 9. Store in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 1 week. Page 49 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com C. Mise en place NAME OF RECIPE: NO BAKE OATMEAL COOKIES Ingredients Recipe Mise en place of ingredients [1] Amount Mise en place-apparatus [3] Mise en place of additional equipment not found at your work station [1] Number of portions: [1] Technique Applied: [1] Description of dish: [1] Oven/temperature control on stove / Refrigeration: [1] Cooking Method: [1] TOTAL = 10/2=5 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1. Identify any TWO small kitchen apparatus you used to prepare the cookies. [2] 2. Recommend THREE variations that can be used for the oatmeal cookies. [3] TOTAL: 25 MARKS Page 50 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com RESOURCES VIDEOS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62MOCMyPce0 MISE EN PLACE-Preparing yourself for successful baking 1. www.youtube.com - How to Mise en Place | Cooking Light - YouTube 2. How to write a standardised recipe - www.youtube.com 3. How To Measure Wet and Dry Ingredients - www.youtube.com Page 51 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Unit 3.5: ELEMENTS OF HEATING / ENERGY - Elements of heat or energy used for cooking purposes Electricity was introduced in the country early in the twentieth century but was mainly allocated to cities and industrial areas. As the century progressed, electricity reached more populated areas, but rural and informal settlements were still mostly not connected. Heating Coal and charcoal were the fuels mainly used for heating in the absence of firewood. Wood was cheaper than coal, but it was harder to obtain. Another source of energy was gas, but this was also expensive, and needed special equipment such as gas bottles and factory-made elements to heat the houses and shacks. Paraffin was another popular source of energy because it was easy to obtain and the heaters that burnt paraffin could be bought quite cheaply. But paraffin has safety concerns. A heating element converts electricity to heat through resistance encountered in the material the element is made of. When gas is used, the burning gas heats the element, which retains and radiates heat. [Source:www.freshoffthegrid.com Paraffin was the fuel mostly used for cooking in informal settlements: over 90% of the people used paraffin cookers. Wood-burning and coal-burning stoves were used by almost all of the other households, with gas only occasionally being used for cooking. Even though some areas were supplied with electricity, less than half of these people used it to cook. Stoves and electrical appliances were too expensive for most people living in informal settlements. Page 52 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com A paraffin stove SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ELEMENT EXAMPLE USE AND SUSTAINABILITY Charcoal Coal is an SAFETY FIRST affordable fuel 1. Make sure your braai is at source and least 3m from your house provides a dual (even further if you can, utility – it warms especially if you have a the house and thatched roof). allows cooking to take place in 2. Grease build-up on grids is the same a common cause of flare-ups appliance – clean yours regularly. utilising only one fuel. 3. Keep a spray bottle of water close to hand for minor flare-ups and make sure you Wood have a fire extinguisher that’s in good working condition. 4. Make sure your first-aid kit has Burn shield or a similar topical burn-relief treatment. 5. Benzine and paraffin are dangerous – use them sparingly to help cold coals Page 53 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com burn, but never use them on an open flame. Rather use suitable firelighters. Gas The term “LPG” Tips on cooking (with Gas) is Liquefied safely: petroleum gas or liquid  Never leave cooking petroleum gas unattended (LPG or LP  Never get distracted. If you gas), also are called away, turn off referred to as the gas simply propane  Never allow a child to cook or butane, is without adult supervision flammable  Keep the flame from mixtures of extending past the pot hydrocarbon sides gases.  Turn pot handles away from the stove edge  Keep stoves and cook tops free of grease and fat build-up  Hang tea-towels and oven mitts away from the stove  Wear tight-fitting sleeves when cooking  Ensure the exhaust fan above the stove is clean and free of grease and fat build-up  Have a fire blanket and extinguisher easily accessible in the kitchen Page 54 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com  Ensure smoke alarms are working (if installed in house)  Have a tested/ practical fire escape plan  Never use cooking appliances as heaters  When cooking with gas, make sure the flame does not go out – gas can escape silently and invisibly. Gas leaks could lead to:  In extreme cases, death [Carbon monoxide poisoning can kill within a matter of hours.]  Tiredness/ Drowsiness  Breathlessness  Headaches  Nausea and chest and stomach pains.  Dizziness  Collapsing and loss of consciousness Page 55 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Paraffin Paraffin can be  The product should be used as a handled with extreme care source of as it is flammable. Paraffin, energy in your if swallowed, is poisonous home during and can be fatal. cold winter  Residents should be months and careful when using paraffin during load appliances, as the incorrect shedding use can result in damage to property or even the loss of life.  This can be dangerous when the new container was used for another chemical – which can then create a dangerous reaction.  Residents should be careful when using paraffin appliances, as the incorrect use can result in damage to property or even the loss of life. Flammable Gel fuel is a Gel fuel presents a serious gel highly burn danger if burning fuel flammable liquid comes in contact with skin, that is usually clothing, or other items. alcohol or Gel Fuel Safety Tips ethanol based.  Do not use pourable gel The gel is often fuel used for  Opt for single-use keeping dishes containers hot at buffet tables. The fuel can stay lit for Page 56 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com longer than  Only use containers that many other fuel are designated for gel fuel sources and use does not put off  Extinguish flames by an odour placing a lid or other non- flammable cover over container  Keep a wide area surrounding the gel fuel free of combustible materials  Keep gel fuel away from children and pets, especially while burning  Always store gel fuel in a cool area  Do not smoke near gel fuel SUSTAINABLE USE OF ENERGY 1. Switch of all heat sources immediately after use. 2. Electric stove or gas stove – when using a small cooking utensil – use the small stove plate 3. Open the refrigerator or oven door only when absolutely necessary. Opening the refrigerator door lets the cold air out, forcing the refrigerator's motor to work harder and use more energy. 4. Switch off ovens and stove plates a few minutes before food is fully cooked. Food will continue cooking in the heat that remains. 5. Keep anything that can catch on fire – oven mitts, wooden utensils, towels, away from the stove top or direct flames. Page 57 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com INFORMAL ACTIVITY Identification of different heat sources and suitable equipment to cook food. 1. Identification of different heat resources and suitable equipment to cook food. Study the pictures of the heat resources in Column A (1-5) and pair them with suitable equipment to cook food within Column B (A-E). Write the name of the heat resource in Column A and correct equipment to cook with in Column B, then the name of the equipment. COLUMN A COLUMN B HEAT RESOURCES SUITABLE EQUIPMENT TO COOK FOOD 1. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. TOTAL: 8 MARKS Page 58 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION Demonstration: Show the learners different sources of energy and the safe use there of: gas stoves flammable gel, etc. RESOURCES VIDEOS: How does a microwave oven work. Electric frying pan: Pressure cooker: Slow cooker: Portable gas stove: How to light a gas stove: EXTRA NOTES FOR TEACHER: 1. https://www.goodhousekeeping.co.za/braai-safety/ 2. https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Slow-Cooker 3. https://www.wikihow.life/Use-a-Pressure-Cooker Page 59 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Unit 3.6: COOKING METHODS- MOIST HEAT METHODS - General Rules - Advantages and Disadvantages - Examples of food Dry heat cooking methods –Frying and grilling - General Rules - Advantages and Disadvantages - Examples of food - Types of Frying- Dry / Shallow / Deep 1. BOILING [Source: www.vecteezy.com] Liquid, such as water / milk / stock or wine, is added to the food prior to heating and then brought to boiling point (100ºC) and maintained at that point. Oil is never used in boiling. This technique is often used for less tender cuts of meat and usually the food is cooked for longer periods of time, at lower temperatures. Boiling is the umbrella term for cooking food, just covered in liquid by one of two techniques:  From a fast, agitated bubbling – a rolling or rapid boil.  To a gentle simmer – slow boil, where only a few bubbles appear on the surface of the liquid in the saucepan. Rules for boiling: 1. Food should be just covered with liquid. 2. When a lid is used, the lid should be tight fitting to keep the heat inside. 3. Choose the correct size saucepan to save electricity. 4. Water should be kept at boiling point. a. A rapid boil for pasta b. A slow boil (simmer) for foods that may break up easily (potatoes) 5. Top up with boiling water if necessary. [Source: gettyimages] Page 60 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Reasons for cooking food  To make it easier to eat (texture softens).  To make it more appetizing (more colour and flavour).  To make it easier to digest.  To destroy harmful bacteria and make the food safe to eat. Advantages: 1. An easy cooking method. 2. Needs little attention while cooking. 3. Food is tender and digestible. 4. A quick moist heat method. 5. Liquids may be used for soups and sauces. [Source: gettyimages] Disadvantages: 1. Food can break up while boiling rapidly. 2. Vitamins and minerals dissolve in the water and can be lost. 3. The colour and flavour may be spoiled by over boiling. Techniques associated with boiling: Al dente: An Italian word to describe when pasta and vegetables are https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IrmEB8gRZA cooked: tender but firm to the bite or touch. Blanching Is when some foods, especially vegetables and fruit, are https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svHjQwJcJaE immersed in boiling water without being fully cooked, and then immediately “refreshed”. Refreshing Blanched vegetables are refreshed by rinsing them briefly (See above video) under cold water. Refreshing prevents any further cooking by the heat retained in the vegetables, and thus sets the bright colours. Blanching has various uses: 1. To remove strong flavours, e.g., from liver or kidneys before frying. 2. To facilitate the removal of skin, e.g., from tomatoes or peaches. 3. To destroy enzymes in vegetables destined for the freezer. 4. To prevent discolouration of vegetables. 5. Simply to semi-cook or tenderize food. Page 61 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Examples of food cooked by boiling: Vegetables All vegetables. It is fashionable at present to cook vegetables “al dente” and not until mushy. [Source: istockphoto.com] Meat Tougher cuts of meat such as boiled silverside and tongue. [Source: cdkitchen.com] Poultry Occasionally whole, deboned, stuffed chickens are simmered in recipes such as chicken galantine. [Source: wikiHow.com] Eggs Eggs may be soft-boiled or hard-boiled. [Source: altonbrown.com] Page 62 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Starches Rice is simmered gently. Pasta is boiled in rapid boiling water to which a small amount of oil has been added. [Source: ruchiskitchen.com] Stocks and soups Are made y simmering meat bones and vegetables. [Source: veggiedesserts.com & bhg.com] Page 63 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com INFORMAL ACTIVITY 1. Answer the following questions based on moist heat cooking. Listen to sound clip and identify. Study infographic and discuss step by step. Demonstrating the technique of boiling. Cooking Method – Boiling Answer the following questions based on Moist Heat cooking. 1.1 Explain the method of moist heat cooking. (2) 1.2 List THREE types of moist heat cooking methods. (3) 1.3 Listen to the following sound and identify the cooking method. (1) Water Boiling Sound Effect - YouTube Study the following Infographic 1.4 Discuss step by step how to boil water. 2. 1. 3. 4. (4) Page 64 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com COOKING METHOD - BOILING Answer the following questions based on Moist Heat cooking. 2.1 Explain the method of moist heat cooking. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (2) 2.2 List THREE types of moist heat cooking methods. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (3) TOTAL: 15 MARKS RESOURCES VIDEOS 1. Water Boiling In A Pot www.youtube.com Page 65 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PRACTICAL LESSON 2: PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE TEST Prepare a filled vegetable dish e.g. boiled potatoes or baby-marrows filled with cream cheese and ham: Apply the rules for boiling to cook vegetables STUFFED POTATO Surname, Name: Gr.- Food commodities: VEGETABLES OBJECTIVES: SOFT SKILLS to strengthen Learners will be able to: hard skills:  Analyse the given recipe  Analytical skills  Complete the mise en  Decisiveness place form  Critical Thinking CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCT Appearance Texture Taste Light golden brown Soft and cake Sweet , banana taste like texture ASSESSMENT Personal “Clean Prep Final product Questions TOTAL hygiene as you sheet go” [5] [4] [5] [6] [5] 25 Hair 2 Appearance 2 Nails 1 Texture 2 Apron 2 Taste 2 A. INTRODUCTION (5 minutes) Page 66 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com B. Study the recipe carefully and complete the mise en place form provided. STUFFED POTATO PORTION YIELD 2 INGREDIENTS 2 potatoes (large) 75ml unsalted butter (divided) 45ml whipping cream 148g Cheese 5ml salt freshly ground black pepper 198g baby spinach leaves wilted 30ml walnut halves (lightly toasted METHOD 1. Boil potatoes 2. Scoop the flesh out into a medium bowl, setting the skins aside on the sheet for later. 3. Roughly mash the flesh with 15ml of the butter, the cream, cheese, spinach and 5ml salt and a generous grind of pepper; set aside this filling. 4. Divide the remaining 15ml butter among the potato skin cavities. 5. Sprinkle with a generous pinch of salt and bake for 8 minutes, until the skin begins to crisp up. Remove from the oven and set aside. 6. Fill the potato skin cavity with filling. 7. Bake until the top of the mash is crisp and browned, about 15 minutes. Remove from the oven, sprinkle with the walnuts and serve. Page 67 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com C. Mise en place NAME OF RECIPE: STUFFED POTATO Ingredients Recipe Mise en place of ingredients [2] Amount Mise en place-apparatus [2] Mise en place of additional equipment not found at your work station [1] Number of portions: [1] Technique Applied: boiling/deep frying /crumbing [1] Description of dish: [1] Oven/temperature control on stove: [1] Cooking Method: [1] TOTAL = 10/2=5 C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. List FIVE rules that must be followed when boiling. [5}] TOTAL: 25 MARKS Page 68 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Unit 3.6: COOKING METHODS- DRY HEAT METHODS GRILLING: Grilling is a form of cooking that involves dry heat applied to the surface of food, commonly from above, below or from the side. Grilling usually involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat, and tends to be used for cooking meat and vegetables quickly. Food to be grilled is cooked on a grill (an open wire grid with a heat source above or below), using a cast iron/frying pan, or a grill pan (similar to a frying pan, but with raised ridges to mimic the wires of an open grill). Source: pinterest.com General rules  Pre-heat the oven before the food is added.  Do not leave food unattended.  Ensure to make use of oven gloves when removing the pans from the oven. Advantages of Grilling  Quick method  Good flavour & appearance Disadvantages of Grilling  Constant attention  Only suitable for good quality food. Examples of Food for Grilling  Soft meat cuts and fish  Bacon  Sausage (Boerewors)  Tomatoes  Bread Source: allrescipes.com & cdkitchen.com & cooksillustrated.com & pinterest.com Page 69 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com General rules for frying  Use clean oil or fat of good quality for good safe results.  Pre-heat the oil before the food is added. When deep-frying, a frying basket should be used.  Test the temperature of the oil with a small cube of bread.  Top up with warm oil because the oil has to be kept hot at all times.  Do not fry too much cold, raw food at a time as the temperature will drop and the food will be oily and soggy.  Turn food so that it cooks on both sides  Drain food on crumpled kitchen paper.  Serve food immediately. Types of frying There are three methods of frying 1. Dry frying The fat present in fatty foods is used to fry them. No extra fat or oil is needed, for example sausages, bacon or chops with enough visible fat. [Source:www.commons.wikimedia.com] Page 70 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2. Shallow frying A shallow pan with a thick base is used. A small amount of pre-heated fat or oil (3mm – 5mm) is used to cover the bottom of the pan. 3. Deep frying The food is lowered into a deep pan, half filled with pre-heated oil. A frying basket is used to lower the food into the oil. The food is completely surrounded by hot oil and cooks very quickly. [Source:www.nytimes.com] Advantages of Frying  Quick  Attractive taste & appearance Disadvantages of Frying  Constant attention Page 71 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com  Spatters grease  Not suitable for tough meats or large cuts  Not suitable when cooking for large number  Greasy  Indigestible Safety tips when deep frying  Never leave a deep pan with fat unattended. Hot fat can catch fire.  Check that the fryer is filled to the correct level (depending on the type of frying) before turning on.  Keep the heat medium to low. Allow the fat to heat slowly.  Dry food thoroughly before frying, otherwise it will splutter and cause burns.  Lower foods slowly into the fat with a frying basket, a long-handled spoon or a food tong to prevent the oil from splashing and cause burns.  Never overload fryers with food – the oil will cool down.  Prepare a cooling rack or tray with a layer of paper towels to remove excess oil. The absorbent layer will help soak up even more oil. Page 72 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com  Wear protective clothes with long sleeves when handling fryers.  Use clean, dry, thick dish cloths when handling pans and hot oil to prevent scalding or serious burns.  Allow oil to cool before draining and filtering.  Save and re-use your fry oil. Once you're done frying, strain the used oil through a coffee filter into a spacious, heat-resistant container and store it at room temperature. If the oil cannot be stored, dispose of it in a separate container. PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION Classification of pictures related to frying Demonstrate: Dry frying, Shallow frying, Deep frying, and Grilling Page 73 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com INFORMAL ACTIVITY Classification of pictures related to frying FRYING AS DRY HEAT COOKING METHOD 1. Classify the pictures below according to the type of frying that was used. Page 74 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2. Different utensils are used when we fry food. Do some research and give a use for each of the following utensils: RESOURCES VIDEOS 1. How to fry food perfectly www.youtube.com 2. How to Shallow Fry and Deep Fry www.youtube.com 3. Kitchen Tools for Frying www.youtube.com Page 75 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PRACTICAL LESSON 1: PERFORMANCE TEST Prepare and present fruit fritter:  Apply the rules for frying as a cooking method, keeping safety aspects in mind.  Include a variety of fruit for the fritters e.g., banana, apple, pineapple, berries  Apply correct preparation procedures for the fruit e.g. washing, removing stalks or peeling of fruit. BANANA FRITTERS Surname, Name: Gr.8- Food commodities: FRUITS OBJECTIVES: SOFT SKILLS to strengthen hard skills: Learners will be able to:  Analytical skills  Analyse the given recipe  Decisiveness  Complete the mise en  Critical Thinking place form CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCT Appearance Texture Taste Light golden brown Soft and cake Sweet , banana taste like texture ASSESSMENT Personal “Clean Prep Final product Questions TOTAL hygiene as you sheet go” [5] [4] [5] [6] [5] 25 Hair 2 Appearance 2 Nails 1 Texture 2 Apron 2 Taste 2 A. INTRODUCTION (5 minutes) B. Study the recipe carefully and complete the mise en place form provided. Page 76 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com BANANA FRITTERS PORTION YIELD 20 INGREDIENTS 250ml banana mashed 250ml flour 10ml baking powder 30ml caster sugar 1 egg 65ml milk pinch of salt oil for deep frying ( 500ml) 50ml Cinnamon Sugar (optional) Method 1. Prepare the saucepan with oil for frying. 2. Place kitchen paper on a tray, keep ready for draining after frying. 3. Combine all the ingredients and mix until you have a smooth batter. 4. Heat the oil in a medium saucepan and fry spoonsful of the batter until golden brown and cooked throughout, approximately 2-3 minutes. 5. Remove from the oil and allow to drain on kitchen paper. 6. Continue until all the fritters are cooked. 7. Sprinkle with cinnamon sugar and serve Page 77 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com C. Mise en place NAME OF RECIPE: BANANA FRITTERS Ingredients Recipe Mise en place of ingredients [2] Amount Mise en place-apparatus [2] Mise en place of additional equipment not found at your work station [1] Number of portions: [1] Technique Applied: boiling/deep frying /crumbing [1] Description of dish: [1] Oven/temperature control on stove: [1] Cooking Method: [1] TOTAL = 10/2=5 C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. List FIVE rules that must be followed when deep frying. [3] 2. Name TWO other fruits that can replace the banana in the dish. [2] TOTAL: 25 MARKS Page 78 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SKILLS TEST:3 Prepare and present mealie or cheese or bacon / ham fritters: .  Assess the rules for frying and safety  Assess correct measuring and preparation procedures BULLY BEEF (CORNED MEAT) FRITTERS Surname, Name: Gr.8- Food commodities: FRUITS OBJECTIVES: SOFT SKILLS to strengthen hard skills: Learners will be able to:  Analytical skills  Analyse the given  Decisiveness recipe  Critical Thinking  Complete the mise en place form CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCT Appearance Texture Taste Golden brown Soft and cake like Savoury , meaty texture taste ASSESSMENT Personal “Clean Prep Final product Questions TOTAL hygiene as you sheet go” [5] [4] [5] [6] [5] 25 Hair 2 Appearance 2 Page 79 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Nails 1 Texture 2 Apron 2 Taste 2 A. INTRODUCTION (5 minutes) B. Study the recipe carefully and complete the mise en place form provided. BULLY BEEF (CORNED MEAT FRITTERS PORTION YIELD:36 Ingredients 500 ml water 30ml butter 250ml cake flour 300 g bully beef (corned meat) — chopped 4 eggs — extra-large, separated sea salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste oil — for deep frying Method: 1. Bring the water and butter to the boil in a saucepan. 2.Add the cake flour and stir rapidly with a wooden spoon until the mixture no longer sticks to the sides of the saucepan. 3.Remove from heat and add the bully beef. 4.Stir in the egg yolks, salt and cayenne pepper. 5. Whisk the egg whites until soft peaks form. 6.Fold in the egg whites and fry spoonful’s of the mixture in the preheated oil until golden brown and done. 7.Drain on paper towelling and serve hot. Page 80 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com C. Mise en place NAME OF RECIPE: BULLY BEEF (CORNED MEAT FRITTERS Ingredients Recipe Mise en place of ingredients [2] Amount Mise en place-apparatus [2] Mise en place of additional equipment not found at your work station [1] Number of portions: [1] Technique Applied: boiling/deep frying /crumbing [1] Description of dish: [1] Oven/temperature control on stove: [1] Cooking Method: [1] TOTAL = 10/2=5 C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. List FIVE rules that must be followed when deep frying. [3] 2. Name TWO other fruits that can replace the banana in the dish. [2] TOTAL: 25 MARKS Page 81 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SUMMARIES CONTENT SUMMARY: Kitchen and Restaurant Operations KEY CONCEPTS Unit 3.1  Using the correct utensils/ equipment in the kitchen is essential for success.  Each piece of equipment is designed to carry-out a specific job.  They have their own specific name and use.  The basic cleaning procedure includes washing, rinsing and sanitising. Unit.3.2  All tools must be dried properly and stored away in their respective places in the kitchen. Unit 3.3  A recipe is a tool used to prepare a dish correctly.  A standard format has the ingredients listed according to the sequence of use. The method then follows in steps.  Mise en place refers to preparation done before cooking and service.  Mise en place helps with effective kitchen organisation and workflow. Unit 3.4  The basic metric measurements used in the kitchen is millilitres; litres; grams and kilograms.  Temperature in the metric system is measured in degrees Celsius.  Accurate measuring is just as important as the tools for measuring.  Dry ingredients are usually levelled-off with a straight edge knife.  Liquid ingredient measures must be done on a flat, level surface. Page 82 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Unit 3.5  Electricity has now reached most South Africans however some rural areas are still not electrified.  Coad and charcoal were once the main heating sources.  Heat transfer is the exchange of energy between two objects.  There are three types of heat transfer namely, Conduction, Convection and Radiation.  Remember to adhere to safety precautions when using all forms of heat transfer. Unit 3.6  Liquids are brought to boiling point (100°C) and food is cooked rapidly.  Always maintain the boiling temperature of the liquid.  Grilling & Frying is classified as a dry heat cooking method  It refers to food cooked in hot fat/oil or grilled.  There are three methods of frying namely, dry/ shallow and deep frying.  Food are grilled at high temperatures and exposed to radiant heat. Page 83 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS Exam practice: Kitchen & Restaurant Operations QUESTIONS Section A: Short questions 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write the symbol (A - D) next to the question number (1.1.1 - 1.1.10) on the ANSWER BOOK. 1.1.1 The basic care of utensils and equipment include: A Cleaning and sanitising B Washing in hot water, rinsing and drying C The use of chemical solutions D Using a dishwasher, only (1) 1.1.2 Temperature in the metric system is measured in: A Grams and milligrams B Degrees Celsius C Kilograms and grams D Litres and millilitres (1) 1.1.3 Dry ingredients are levelled-off by using a… A blade B spatula C spoon (1) D fork (3) Page 84 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 1.2 MATCH ITEMS Choose a description from COLUMN B to match the term in COLUMN A. Write only the symbol (A - J) next to the question number (1.2.1.1 - 1.2.1.5) on the ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 COLUMN A COLUMN B TERM DESCRIPTION 1.2.1.1 Recipe A Pre-preparation done before cooking and serving 1.2.1.2 Standard Format B Written record of ingredients and steps needed to prepare a dish 1.2.1.3 Mise en place Ingredients listed according to the sequence of use followed by the method C A narrative plan to follow when preparing a meal D A list of dishes stating what must be (3) eaten per day E 1.3.1 Identify THREE methods of heat transfer used during food preparation from the list below. Write only the symbol (A - F) next to the question number (1.3.1) on your ANSWER BOOK. A Radiation B Thermal C Convection D Electromagnetic (3) E Conduction F Solar energy 1.3.2 Identify THREE rules of boiling from the list below. Write only the symbol (A-F) next to the question number (1.3.2) on your ANSWER BOOK. A Use the correct size saucepan B Water must be mixed with oil to flavour the food C Food must be covered with liquid, only D A thin, narrow pan with no lid must be used (3) E The lid to the pot must be tight fitting to trap the heat F Water must be kept below boiling point Page 85 of 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 1.4 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term next to the question number (1.4.1 – 1.4.10) on the ANSWER BOOK. 1.4.1 Cooking food in hot fat in a shallow pan 1.4.2 A type of frying where food is cooked in its own fat 1.4.3 A moist heat method of cooking where food is cooked only in (3) rapidly boiling water Section B: Long questions 2.1 Name TWO type of frying applied during cooking. LO (2) 2.2 Differentiate between boiling and frying in respect of rules for each type of MO method of cooking. (4) 2.3 “The Royal Towers Hotel does not have a mise en place procedure in HO place. Service is usually chaotic and customers are often left unhappy.” Advise the management of the Hotel on the value of this process in their (4) daily kitchen operations. TOTAL: 25 MARKS Page 86 of 86