Social Sciences Grade 8 P1 November Mock 2026 Memo (English)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 8 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM SENIOR PHASE END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION GRADE 8 SOCIAL SCIENCES P1: GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 75 These marking guidelines consist of 7 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Social Sciences/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines NOTE TO MARKERS: • Accept alternative answers that are correct and relevant to the question, even if they are not listed here. • One mark is given for each correct fact. For (2 x 2) questions, give 2 marks for each complete, well-explained point. • Where a question asks for a number of facts (e.g. TWO), mark only the first facts given, in the order written. • Calculations: give marks for the steps shown. Consistent accuracy (CA) applies to steps that follow an earlier error. • The paragraph question (6.5) is marked with the rubric given at the end of QUESTION 6. SECTION A: SETTLEMENT QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B (1) (5 x 1) (5) 1.1.2 C (1) 1.1.3 C (1) 1.1.4 A (1) 1.1.5 D (1) 1.2 1.2.1 Z (commuters) (1) (5 x 1) (5) 1.2.2 Y (urbanisation) (1) 1.2.3 Z (pull) (1) 1.2.4 Z (site) (1) 1.2.5 Y (informal settlement) (1) [10] QUESTION 2 2.1 A settlement in the countryside (1) where most people make a living (2 x 1) (2) from primary activities such as farming, fishing, mining or forestry (1) (Accept: a small settlement with a low population density and few services, surrounded by open land.) 2.2 Farming settlement/village (1) (2 x 1) (2) Fishing village (1) Mining settlement (1) Forestry settlement (1) (Accept: mission station / trading settlement.) [ANY TWO] 2.3 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Social Sciences/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines 2.4 It is above the flood level, so it is safe from floods (1) (2 x 1) (2) It is on a gentle slope, which is easy to build on and drains well (dry site) (1) It is on a north-facing slope that receives more sunlight/is warmer (1) It is close enough to the river for a water supply (1) It is close to fertile, flat land on the flood plain for crops (1) It is next to the road, so it is easy to reach (good situation/accessibility) (1) [ANY TWO] 2.5 Site A is below the flood level on the flood plain (1) and homes, (2 x 1) (2) crops and animals may be washed away/damaged when the river floods (1) (Accept: the ground is low-lying and damp, which can cause disease (e.g. mosquitoes) and damage buildings.) [9] QUESTION 3 3.1.1 A: Central business district (CBD) (1) (3 x 1) (3) B: Heavy industrial zone (Accept: industrial zone) (1) C: High-income residential zone (1) 3.1.2 C has larger plots/houses; D has small plots/houses (1) (2 x 1) (2) C has curved streets; D has a straight grid street pattern (1) C has more open space (gardens, swimming pools); D is densely built (1) C is far from the railway; D is next to the railway line (1) [ANY TWO] 3.1.3 Heavy industries need to transport heavy/bulky raw materials and (1 x 2) (2) finished products, and rail can do this cheaply (2) Workers (e.g. from zone D) can travel to the factories by train (2) (Accept: flat, cheaper land next to the railway on the edge of the town.) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Social Sciences/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines 3.1.4 Actual distance = map distance × scale (3) 6,5 cm × 20 000 (1) = 130 000 cm (1) = 130 000 ÷ 100 000 = 1,3 km (1) (Accept: 1 cm = 200 m, so 6,5 × 200 = 1 300 m = 1,3 km. Units must be given for the last mark. Range 1,28–1,32 km if the learner measured the map.) 3.2.1 Push factor: drought/crops failed (1); no work/jobs in the village; (2 x 1) (2) the clinic is far away (poor services) [ANY ONE] Pull factor: factories hiring workers/jobs (1); a hospital; a college (education) [ANY ONE] 3.2.2 Overcrowding: many people share small spaces, so diseases (2 x 2) (4) spread easily (2) No/few services (clean water, toilets, electricity, refuse removal), so people get sick from dirty water and waste (2) Shacks are built close together from flammable materials (wood, plastic, cardboard), so fires spread quickly (2) Shacks give little protection against cold, heat and floods (2) High levels of crime because of unemployment/poverty and no street lights or police (2) People do not own the land and may be evicted (2) Pressure on schools, clinics and transport in the town (2) [ANY TWO] [16] TOTAL SECTION A: 35 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Social Sciences/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines SECTION B: TRANSPORT AND TRADE QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 B (1) (4 x 1) (4) 4.1.2 C (1) 4.1.3 B (1) 4.1.4 C (1) 4.2 4.2.1 air (1) (4 x 1) (4) 4.2.2 containers (1) 4.2.3 international (1) 4.2.4 congestion (1) [8] QUESTION 5 5.1 A: Durban (harbour) (1) (2 x 1) (2) B: O.R. Tambo International Airport (Accept: Johannesburg International Airport) (1) 5.2 N3 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 5.3 North-east (NE) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 5.4 (a) Rail (goods train) (1) (2 x 2) (4) Reason: rail can carry very large, heavy/bulky loads cheaply over long distances / there is a special coal railway line to Richards Bay (1) (b) Air (aeroplane) (1) Reason: flowers are perishable/die quickly, so they must be moved fast / air is the fastest way to cross the ocean to Europe (1) (Mark the reason only if the mode is correct.) 5.5.1 Saving per container: R28 000 − R19 000 = R9 000 (1) (2) For 12 containers: 12× R9 000 = R108 000 (1) (CA from wrong subtraction) (Accept: 12 × 28 000 = 336 000; 12 × 19 000 = 228 000; 336 000 − 228 000 = R108 000.) 5.5.2 Road is faster (1½ days instead of 3 days), which matters for urgent (1 x 2) (2) or perishable goods (2) Trucks deliver door to door (directly to the shop/factory), so goods do not have to be loaded again (2) Trucks are more flexible: they can leave at any time and use many routes (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Social Sciences/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines 5.5.3 Fewer heavy trucks on the roads, so less damage to roads and (2 x 2) (4) lower repair costs (2) Less traffic congestion on national roads (e.g. the N3) (2) Fewer road accidents involving trucks, saving lives (2) Trains use less fuel per tonne, so there is less air pollution/fewer greenhouse gases (2) Lower transport costs make goods cheaper / make South African exports more competitive (2) More jobs on the railways / rail network is used and maintained (2) [ANY TWO] [16] QUESTION 6 6.1 Transport that anyone (the general public) can use by paying a fare (2 x 1) (2) (1) e.g. buses, trains and minibus taxis that run on set routes/times (1) 6.2 9% × 250 000 (or 100 9 × 250 000) (1) (2) = 22 500 commuters (1) (CA if the wrong percentage is read from the graph) 6.3 They live far (more than 20 km) from their workplaces (1) (2 x 1) (2) They have to leave home very early (before 05:30) / long travel times (1) Transport is expensive (almost a quarter of their wages) (1) Roads are blocked/traffic jams in rush hours (1) Air pollution from exhaust fumes (1) [ANY TWO] 6.4 People drive to the park-and-ride centre next to the highway, leave (1 x 2) (2) their cars there and travel into the city by bus/train (2) Fewer private cars enter the city centre, so there is less congestion (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Social Sciences/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines 6.5 Negative effects of traffic congestion: (4 x 2) (8) People waste many hours in traffic and are late for work/school (2) People are tired and stressed; less time with their families (2) Businesses lose money / workers are less productive (2) More fuel is used, so transport costs more (2) Exhaust fumes cause air pollution and breathing problems (e.g. asthma) (2) More greenhouse gases are released, adding to climate change (2) Noise pollution; more accidents; emergency vehicles are delayed (2) Ways to encourage public transport: Build dedicated bus lanes/BRT so buses are faster than cars (2) Park-and-ride centres at the edge of the city (2) Subsidise fares so public transport is cheaper than driving (2) Make public transport safe, clean, reliable and on time (2) Build safe cycle lanes and walkways; car-free zones in the city centre (2) Charge higher parking fees/tolls for cars entering the centre (2) [ANY FOUR] Paragraph rubric (QUESTION 6.5): Mark the content as (4 x 2). Learners must discuss at least ONE effect on people, ONE effect on the environment AND at least ONE way to encourage public transport for full marks; if any part is missing, award a maximum of 6 marks. If the answer is written as a list of points and not as a paragraph, deduct 1 mark. [16] TOTAL SECTION B: 40 GRAND TOTAL: 75 Copyright reserved