History Grade 11 IEB June 2019 Memo

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Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY GRADE 11 MAY 2019 Time: 2 Hours Total: 100 PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. This paper consists of 4 pages. Please check that your question paper is complete. 2. Read the questions carefully. 3. Answer ONE question from Section A, and ONE question from Section B. 4. Accurate and adequate factual knowledge is essential; equally important is the ability to use relevant information critically in answering the questions. 5. Start each question on a new page. 6. Number your answers exactly as the questions are numbered in the question paper. 7. It is in your interest to write legibly. Work in an orderly way and present your answers as neatly as possible.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Subject: November 2018 Page 2 of 8 SECTION A DISCURSIVE ESSAY Answer ANY ONE question from this section. A discursive essay showing evidence of analysis, interpretation, explanation and argument is required. It should be approximately 800 – 900 words in length. THEME CHALLENGES TO CAPITALISM: THE SOVIET UNION QUESTION 1 The New Economic Policy was effective in fulfilling its aims to maintain a Communist government in the USSR from 1921 to 1928. Critically assess the validity of this statement. . [70] Before you start:  What are you being asked to assess in this essay?  What were the aims & methods of the New Economic Policy?  Where the aims achieved or were there failures too? OR Use the IEB Assessment Rubric for Dis Essay Argument: the New Economic policy was successful, as in 1921 there were many who were resisting Bol rule, as WC had become quite harsh – but NEP was able to stabilise the economy so the politically the Bol were able to maintain power. Intro – argument – was NEP able to fulfil its aims? And context of why it was introduced. Must look at WC and the context that the change was necessary. Body of the Essay – Must explain what the NEP was in comparison to WC. Explain threat WC was necessary to fight the Civil War – but with Civil War over, needed to deal with the rising discontent esp with the mutiny in navy. Aims of NEP must be made clear: secure a stable economy for the Bol to secure their pol power. Was a retreat from communism, but seen as necessary to roll out the com govt’s control of the whole country and to feed its people. What was NEP – Industry: businesses with less than 50 employees could be privately owned. Private property and inheritance were allowed. Trade was allowed. The commanding heights of business and banks were still controlled by the state. Govt allowed trade with other countries. Agric: grain requisitioning was cancelled. Farmers paid a tax in grain but could sell their surplus. Surplus grain could be sold on the open market.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Subject: November 2018 Page 3 of 8 Results: quickly private trade was established. All worked harder as there was opportunity of personal gain. Farmers produced more – no more famine. Development of MC farmers called Kulaks – experienced and skilled farmers – could own quite a bit of land, and even employ others. Not at all communist ideal. Nepmen developed – MC business owners made money – also began to have power to a degree. But did provide jobs and money in the economy. Success? Did rescue the economic situation in USSR – food was available, more jobs. This led to stability and a degree of acceptance of Bol govt as life was not quite so terrible. Did greatly improve the electrification of USSR – changed the lives of many Soviets. Heavy industry greatly increased – coal, steel. Railways were built. Even cloth production increased. Wages of workers increased and adult Literacy was able to be rolled out as there was money. Com government remained in power and were able to strengthern their political and social control of the USSR. But was a retreat from Marxism. Many Com saw this as a failure and argued against it. Many envied the wealth accumulated by the Nepmen and the Kulaks. Class divisions remained as before. Conclusion – restate argument. Must agree with what has been proved in the essay. QUESTION 2 The hardships of Collectivisation and the Five Year Plans were justified by their success in protecting and developing the USSR between 1928 and 1945. Critically assess the validity of this statement. [70] Before you start:  What are you being asked to assess in this essay?  What were the aims of the Five Year Plans and Collectivisation? Note the two words “protecting and developing” used in the question.  What did these programs achieve? Note the two words “protecting and developing” used in the question. Use the IEB Assessment Rubric for Dis Essay Argument – the hardships were worthwhile, as USSR industrialized and caught up to the western world, survived Nazi invasion and won the war. There was never another famine again. War not worthwhile, as there were huge loss of life involved and perhaps could have happened without such cruelty.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Subject: November 2018 Page 4 of 8 Body: Must make clear what Col and 5YP were and why they were introduced. Must be clear on the problems and hardships and the results in the long term. Helpful if LT and ST were seen as issues. One can only hope. Collectivisation – aims – to make big farms by combining many little ones, more in line with communism. Wanted to make farming more efficient, collecting food, release labour from agric and to improve food security. Aimed to raise capital from selling produce to pay for industrial equipment. Large farms would be esb – no private ownership. Workers paid a salary OR Produce sold at a set price and profit shared. All tools and animals would be pooled. Govt would supply machinery – tractors – often in stations where they could be rented when needed. Clinics and schools were promised to farms. Met with huge resistance as peasants did not want to give up farms. Few did so as a response to prop. Stalin increased the pressure by forcing the farms. Resistance became huge. People killed their life stock. Stalin then enforced it – waged war on the Kulaks – those who would not obey were either killed or sent to Gulags. 10 mil killed, many suffered hugely. Farms were initially a disaster. Life stock numbers only recovered in 1950s. Huge famine was caused – estimated 5 million people starved to death. Skilled farmers were destroyed and agric suffered. Women, children and old people left on farms – less able to do the work. Clinics and schools didn’t always materialise. Food rationing had to be introduced in the cities as there was not enough food to feed industrialized workers. But collectivisation was achieved – 90% by 1936. Had to compromise – each family given 2 hector plot for their own production. This produced huge amounts of food and fed the USSR. So wasn’t complete communist success. But USSR never suffered a famine since and was able to feed the Red Army in WW2 so that army could win. Despite the troubles, Stalin has continued to sell produce overseas to raise capital. Had been able to industrialise of the back of Col. 5YP – Aims – to industrialise the USSR in 10 years what others had taken 150. To protect USSR form weakness in possibility of attack from the West. Methods – set targets, especially for heavy industry such as steel and coal. Built hydroelectric dams. Had to create industrial towns for labour. Built factories – mostly in the East so if attacked in west these would not be lost. Used propaganda to encourage workers to produce the targets – and then incentives. Workers had to endure terrible conditions – both living and working – hours were long, work dangerous and little time off. Restructuring of week fractured family time. Women were encouraged to work. Many were unused to industrial work and found it hard to adapt. Many were punished for lateness or other behaviour – drunkenness – either fines or could be in prison sentences – or death. Wages were low. Worked 6 days a week. Housing was terrible – several families to a room. Sanitation not great in most new Industrial areas. Thousand were in prison camps – built some of the infrastructure – many were worked to death.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Subject: November 2018 Page 5 of 8 Worth the hardships? Attack did come in 1941. USSR was not really ready, but had been able to produce huge numbers of tanks as swapped tractor factories around. Industry in the East was protected. Did not collapse to the invasion – Red Army was able to win. The USSR in the 1920s would not have withstood the Nazi army. USSR did emerge from the war as one of the strongest countries in the world. Has not been attacked from the west since 1941. 70 marks SECTION B EXTENDED WRITING Answer ANY ONE question from this section. Extended writing should be approximately 350 – 400 words in length. You should use your own knowledge and you may refer to the stimulus material to answer the questions. THEME CHALLENGES TO CAPITALISM: AMERICA QUESTION 3 These are photographs of cars and women in New York during the 1920s. From: https://www.google.co.za/url?sa=i&source from: https://l.imgt.es/resource-preview- Explain how the American economic, political and social structure of the 1920s was to play a role in causing the Great Depression from 1929 onwards by answering the following questions. a. What was the impact of increased consumerism and innovation in the American economy during the 1920s? Use the IEB Assessment Rubric for Extended Writing During the 1920s electricity came available to many Americans for the first time. Many different electrical goods that were invented. In particular, these were goods to help women at home, such as vacuum cleaners and washing machines. This created a market for goods that had not existed before, it also gave women more free time than ever before. Some of this time was spent at the movies, which resulted in a huge film industry.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Subject: November 2018 Page 6 of 8 Henry Ford had created the production line to build his cars – the Model T – this made cars quicker and cheaper to make. Soon even factory workers could buy cars. This meant there were many more cars on the road. Associated industries began to flourish such as motels and petrol stations. There was also an increased demand for the raw materials for cars such as steel, rubber and glass. All these created wealth and new industries. But some industries were negatively affected by the car industry such as farmers who had supplied horses and horse feed. They lost their markets and wealth. The production line was used to manufacture many goods. They became cheaper and cheaper to buy. Advertising was necessary to sell goods – new form of propaganda. Travelling salesman. Credit became easy. Debt became common. Prices decreased as supply rose. Markets were saturated. Production and employment decreased. b. What was the nature and issues of American society during the 1920s? Use the IEB Assessment Rubric for Extended Writing American society was unequal – divide between rich and poor. Many Americans lived on the bread line. But there were Captains of Industry who had great wealth. Had great power over American society. There was racism – immigrants from E Eur were not respected. Injustice due to race. Black Americans suffered terribly from injustice. Not land owners. In South terrible cruelty at the hand of KKK and society – lynching. Women had been given greater freedom – the vote. More women worked in the war – some continued to do so. Wore short dresses and had greater social freedom. Prohibition – not alcohol – Volstead Act – caused wave of crime, disrespect for the law – gangs and lead to drug gangs after law ended. Anti communism an element. c. How did the Republican Party’s policy of Laissez Faire and other economic policies effect the American economy in the 1920s? LF was the belief that the govt should have no role in the economy. Free market capitalism would create a fairer society, and everything should be privately owned. Rugged Individualism – no help for the poor from the state. This meant that there was little control over the banking system. When Wall Street boomed there was no laws against Buying on the margin or banks using their money to invest on the stock exchange. No control in how much credit people were offered even when impossible to pay back. Govt did not get involved even when unemployment was rising quickly as there was a slow down in production. They believed that capitalism would save people – helping people would weaken them and the system. Deflation cycle hit. Economic tariffs to protect US markets were set for Eur goods – Eur did the same. Am lost markets – esp for agric products. This effected the farmers – many were in debt – lost their farms. Increased unemployment as millions moved off farms.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Subject: November 2018 Page 7 of 8 [30] OR QUESTION 4 The photograph below shows a badge created during the 1932 American election campaign. It shows Franklin D Roosevelt and his campaign promise of a New Deal. From: https://www.google.co.za/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved= Explain the significance of the New Deal in America from 1933 to 1939 by answering the following questions: a. Why did the American people vote for Roosevelt and his New Deal in the 1932 elections? From 1929 US had been in a downward deflation cycle due to the eco pressures of the 1920s – over production, market saturation – unemployment had risen, many Americans had lost their farms and homes, people riding the rails and sleeping rough. Many blamed Hoover and the Rep govt – kept saying prosperity was around the corner – had seemingly done little to help. Bonus Army was shocking to many. Whereas FDR offered the people of the US a ND. He offered RRR – Active govt – seemed he cared. He’d offered state help to people as Mayor of New York. He saw the ‘little man’. He promised immediate help and jobs through state funded work programmes. People needed hope and a change. b. What strategies did Franklin D Roosevelt implement in America as part of his New Deal? Relief Agencies – Soup kitchens FERA – feed people Banking – closed banks, stress tests, only opened those stable enough. The Alphabet Agencies.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Subject: November 2018 Page 8 of 8 - Job creation – CWA – repaired public buildings, taught adult literacy, writers and performers. - AAA – introduced quotas, paid farmers not to produce. Gave farming advice, paid for mortgages. TVA – helped against soil erosion, built hydro-electric dams and made area modernized. NRA – industry – legalised TU, tried to boost US businesses. Quotas on production to limit saturation. Public Works – PWA – built dams, roads, public buildings paid by federal govt – gave employment. CCC – Built National parks – provided employment for thousands. Environmental areas greatly improved. State responsibility for welfare – Social Security was provided – support for unemployed and the elderly. c. How successful was the New Deal between 1933 and 1939? Gave people hope. US economy did recover – might have been already happening. Huge surge in employment. Am did not fall to dictatorship. Infrastructure was greatly improved – when US eco did recover, was better resourced. Men in CCC were able to become good soldiers in the war. US was in a position to fight war in 1941 and win. There was a better safety net for Am who fell on hard times. There was a greater responsibility for the govt to take care of their people – some felt this was socialism. Ten Valley was greatly transformed – Dust bowel has not happened again. Children returned to school. People kept their homes. Dignity was resorted to many, as they were able to take care of their families again. Banking system was stabilised. New rules about how banks could operate reduced the risk over speculation again. FDR was voted in 4 times. [30] 30 marks Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)