L3 Plant Production Topic 1 Agroforestry 1

SEFIKENG CAMPUS NATIONAL CERTIFICATE (VOCATIONAL) PRIMARY AGRICULTURE PLANT PRODUCTION LEVEL 3 AGROFORESTRY PRESENTED BY: MOKHEHLE TK TOPIC 1: PRODUCTION OF AGRONOMIC CROPS, FRUIT TREES AND AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS. LEARNING OUTCOME: Downloaded BENEFITS AND PROBLEMSfrom hlayiso.com OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS. 1

WHAT IS AGROFORESTRY? DEFINITION 1 DEFINITION 2 • Agroforestry is a collective name • Agroforestry is the management for land-use systems and and integration of trees, crops technologies where woody and/or livestock perennials (trees, shrubs, etc.) • on the same plot of land and can • Deliberately used on the same be an integral component of land management units as productive agriculture. agricultural crops and/or animals, in certain arrangements. Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2

WHAT IS AGROFORESTRY? CONTINUES… Here, do this! Here, do this! Use forestry! Use agriculture FORESTRY AGRICULTURE Downloaded from hlayiso.com 3

AGROFORESTRY STRUCTURES (PRACTICES) 1. ALLEY CROPPING 2. SILVOPASTORAL • Rows of trees (either standards or woody) • Combine forestry and grazing of in between alleys of crops or pasture. domesticated animals on pastures, rangelands or on-farm. Benefits Benefits  Diversify farm  Improved plant vigor enterprise  Lower animal stress  Reduce erosion  Reduced wildfire risk  Improve water quality  Improved wildlife habitat  Protect crops  Annual income (e.g.  Improve utilization of grazing, hay, pine straw) nutrients  Long-term income Downloaded from hlayiso.com  Enhance wildlife habitat (timber) 4

AGROFORESTRY STRUCTURES (PRACTICES) CONTINUES... 3. SILVO-ARABLE AGROFORESTRY 4. FOREST FARMING • Combining the forest land and the • Different types of plants are cultivated in different type of cultivating crops. the area of forest. Benefits:  Improves crop or forage quality.  Improves utilization and recycling of soil nutrients. Benefits:  Improves crop diversity, and economic returns.  Improve economic value of existing forests  Wood or tree products are produced in addition to  Diversify income agronomic crops, with no reduction in crop yields.  Increase cash flow  Crop quality and yields increased by enhanced microclimatic conditions. Downloaded from hlayiso.com 5

AGROFORESTRY STRUCTURES (PRACTICES) CONTINUES... 5. WINDBREAKS 6. RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFERS • Plantings of single or multiple rows of • Natural or planted woodlands adjacent to trees or shrubs that redirect or modify the water bodies and are designed with trees, wind and are established for one or more shrubs, and grasses to protect water environmental purposes. resources from pollution. Benefits o Clean water o Protect aquatic habitat o Enhance wildlife habitat Benefits: Benefits: o Protect stream banks  Reduce energy costs  Clean water o Income source (timber  Reduce erosion  Protect aquatic habitat and specialty products)  Protect plants  Enhance wildlife habitat Downloaded from hlayiso.com o Flood protection  Improve irrigation use  Protect stream banks  Increase crop yields  Income source (timber and specialty products)  Shelter livestock  Flood protection 6

SOIL BENEFITS OF AGROFORESTRY Downloaded from hlayiso.com 7

PRODUCTS OF AGROFORESTRY FOOD  Increased amounts of food, A year-round supply of food, Better-quality food. ENERGY  Increased fuelwood supply, Better-quality fuelwood. SHELTER, STRUCTURES  Building materials, Shade, Protection from wind and animals. MEDICINE  Preventive (to maintain health), Curative (to treat diseases or injuries) and Veterinary medicine. RAW MATERIALS FOR CRAFT AND COTTAGE INDUSTRY  An increased supply of materials, New types of material. CASH INCOME, SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT  Employment (cash earnings), Sale of products, New forms of saving and investment, Greater profitability. FODDER AND FORAGE  Primary feed, Supplementary feed. RESOURCES TO MEET SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS  New or improved source of support for social obligations. Downloaded from hlayiso.com CONSERVATION OF SOIL, WATER AND PLANT RESOURCES  Increased amounts of water for plant growth, domestic use and livestock, seasonal availability of water 8

PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF AGROFORESTRY PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES  Lack of developed markets for products  Lack of awareness of successful examples  Competition between trees, crops, and animals  Lack of financial assistance  Expense of additional management  Lack of training or expertise and equipment  Lack of infrastructure (e.g. buildings) Involves intensive management  May remove land from annual production, depending on the tree crop  May complicate herbicide application Downloaded from hlayiso.com  Requires marketing infrastructure for woody plant products 9

RECAP… WE HAVE LEARNT … 1. DEFINITIONS OF AGROFORESTRY FARMING SYSTEM 2. DIFFERENT STRUCTURES OF AGROFORESTRY AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 3. BENEFITS OF AGROFORESTRY 4. CHALLENGES OF AGROFORESTRY AND 5. PRODUCTS OF AGROFORESTRY. NEXT LESSON: SUBJECT OUTCOME EXPLAIN REPRODUCTION OF FRUIT TREES FROM ROOTSTOCKS/SCION AND AGRONOMIC CROPS FROM SEEDS. LEARNING OUTCOME IDENTIFY SUITABLE ROOTSTOCK SCIONS FOR DIFFERENT FRUIT TREES Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10

MESSAGE STUDY DAILY AND ALWAYS PRACTICE HYGIENE…THANK YOU. Downloaded from hlayiso.com 11