NW GR 10 AGRIC SC P2 ENG MARKING GUIDELINES NOV 2019 hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PROVINCIAL ASSESSMENT GRADE 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 NOVEMBER 2019 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages. Copy right reserve Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 2 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 D  1.1.4 A  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 B  1.1.9 D  1.1.10 C  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 D  1.2.2 F  1.2.3 H  1.2.4 A  1.2.5 B  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Prophase  1.3.2 Dolomite  1.3.3 Cell  1.3.4 Cereal  1.3.5 Salinity  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Lustre  1.4.2 Climate/rainfall/temperature  1.4.3 Dams  1.4.4 Chloroplasts  1.4.5 Pollution  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 3 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION 2.1 Solar power 2.1.1 Definition of the concept solar power  Energy from the sun’s rays/sun   Converted into electricity/electrical energy  (2) 2.1.2 Explanation whether solar power is a renewable or non- renewable resource A renewable resource  REASON  It can be easily replenished  It is unable to be used up because it exists in abundance  It is inexhaustible because it replenishes itself naturally  (Any 2) (2) 2.1.3 TWO reasons why homeowners install solar power systems  To reduce their reliance on Eskom   To lower their electricity bills   To make their homes environmentally friendly  (Any 2) (2) 2.1.4 The benefit of the battery storage system to homeowners It provides back-up power in the event of load shedding or power failures  (1) 2.2 Water pollution 2.2.1 THREE agricultural practices that contribute to water pollution  Pesticide crop dusting   Fertilizer run-off   Livestock waste  (3) 2.2.2 TWO measures that could be applied to control water pollution by sediments  Put compost or weed-free mulch on soils to prevent soil from being washed away   Avoid ploughing fields next to rivers when they are too dry or too wet  (2) 2.2.3 Definition of the concept water quality  It is the chemical, physical and biological   characteristics of water  (2) 2.2.4 The role of rain in river pollution  Rain collects pollutants such as residues   from pesticides/fertilizers and wash them into the river leading to pollution  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 4 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines 2.3 Consumption of beef and poultry meat per person in South Africa between 2014 and 2018 2.3.1 Calculation of the average consumption of beef per person between 2014 and 2018  20kg + 15kg + 15kg + 25kg + 20kg   = 95kg ÷ 5   = 19kg  (3) 2.3.2 A reason why more poultry meat is consumed in South Africa Poultry meat is cheaper than beef/poorer households can only afford cheap poultry meat  (1) 2.3.3 A combined bar graph of the consumption of beef and poultry meat per person in South Africa between 2014 and 2018 Criteria/rubric for marking the graph  Correct heading (Consumption of beef and poultry meat per person between 2014 and 2018)   X-axis: Correct calibrations and labelled (Years)   Y-axis: Correct calibrations and labelled (Consumption)   Correct unit on the Y-axis (Kg per year)   Combined bar graph   Accuracy  (6) 2.4 The diagram on soil density 2.4.1 Explanation of the concept compacted soil  The condition wherein the soil particles are squashed together   leaving little space for air and water  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 5 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines 2.4.2 TWO advantages of loose soil particles in plant growth  Have more spaces for air that help plant roots to breath better   Plant roots are able to access and absorb more water   Loose soil particles promote the growth of soil microbes   Plant roots are able to penetrate deeper into the layers and fix plants more firmly  (Any 2) (2) 2.4.3 TWO causes of soil compaction  The use of heavy machinery on the soil   Wrong cultivation methods   Cultivation when the soil is too wet   Too many cultivations  (Any 2) (2) 2.4.4 THREE measures to reduce soil compaction  Avoid cultivating soils that are too wet   Use wider tyres for vehicles/equipment working on soils   Avoid using heavy machinery on soils   Scientific cultivation methods/no till/minimum till use  (3) [35] QUESTION 3: SOIL SCIENCES 3.1 The diagram on the soil components 3.1.1 A reason for the mineral particles being the largest part of the soil Soils are formed from these mineral particles during weathering  (1) 3.1.2 TWO major mineral types from which the mineral particles are formed  Primary minerals   Secondary minerals  (2) 3.1.3 Difference between Capillary water  Found around soil pores of soil particles   and can be absorbed by plant roots  (2) Hygroscopic water  Held very tightly by the soil particles   and cannot be absorbed by plant roots  (2) 3.1.4 Examples of soil living organisms (a) Macro-organisms  Earthworms   Ants   Termites   Millipedes  (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 6 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines (b) Micro-organisms  Bacteria   Fungi  (Any 1) (1) 3.2 The rock cycle 3.2.1 Identification of the rock types A – Igneous rock  B – Metamorphic rock  (2) 3.2.2 How sedimentary rocks are formed  When sediments   settle under forces of gravity and become hard  (2) 3.2.3 THREE examples of sedimentary rocks  Sandstone   Shale   Limestone   Dolomite   Phosphorites   Gypsum   Rock salt   Coal   Conglomerate  (Any 3) (3) 3.2.4 Explanation of the concept magma  Hot fluid material from beneath the earth   forms lava and other igneous rocks after cooling  (2) 3.3 Characteristics of weathering 3.3.1 THREE characteristics which apply to chemical weathering  Silicate reacts with water to form a new mineral   Plates of clay absorb water, making it softer and easier to weather   Water reacts with carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid which weathers rocks   Rocks are broken down by continued exposure to oxygen  (Any 3) (3) 3.3.2 TWO agents that apply to physical/mechanical weathering  Temperature   Wind   Water  (2)  Glaciers  (Any 2) 3.3.3 Distinguishing between Weathering  The breaking down of rocks  (2)  brought about by biological, chemical and physical agents  Erosion Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 7 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines  The removal of soil/dissolved material   from one location to another by agents such as water/wind  (2) 3.4 The factors involved in soil formation 3.4.1 The role of the climatic factors in soil formation (a) Rainfall  The amount of rainfall determines   the rate of chemical/biological weathering and leaching  (2) (b) Temperature  Rocks in warm areas whether much faster   than similar rocks in cold regions  (2) 3.4.2 The major type of weathering of rocks that is influenced by topography  Physical/mechanical weathering  (1) 3.4.3 The soil forming factor that determines colour, chemical properties and mineral content of soil Parent material/rock  (1) 3.4.4 TWO importance of soil in ecosystems  Soil is the growth medium for plants   Soil supplies water, nutrients and air to plants   It provides habitat for soil organisms   Soil help in regulating plant temperature  (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 8 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4: PLANT STUDIES AND BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 4.1 The map of South Africa showing the main production areas of specific agricultural commodities Matching the products with the areas indicated on the map 4.1.1 C (1) 4.1.2 E (1) 4.1.3 D (1) 4.1.4 A (1) 4.1.5 B (1) 4.2 Exotic species 4.2.1 Definition of the concept exotic species  Species growing in an area   different to their natural habitat   where they do not naturally occur   species that originally came from other countries   and are able to survive/reproduce in another country  (Any 2) (2) 4.2.2 TWO reasons why exotic forest species are preferred to native species  Exotic species have growing rates much greater than native species   Produce more wood per unit of area in less time  (2) 4.2.3 The TWO main groups into which exotic forests are classified and ONE example of each (a) Hardwood  (1) Example:  Eucalyptus/Gumtree   Leadwood   Mopane tree   Wattle tree  (Any 1) (1) (b) Soft wood  (1) Example:  Pine tree  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 9 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines 4.3 Lucerne 4.3.1 Agricultural value of lucerne Lucerne is planted as a pasture/fodder crop  (1) 4.3.2 The production of lucerne in terms of: (a) Type of soil  Survives from sandy loam to clay soils   Can survive in acidic soils with a light application of lime   It does well on well-drained loam soils  (Any 2) (2) (b) Climate  Grows well under warm and dry conditions   It prefers sunny conditions   It can tolerate wide climatic variations  (Any 2) (2) 4.4 Phases of the first meiotic division 4.4.1 Matching the phases of the first meiotic division. A Prophase 1  (1) B Anaphase 1  (1) C Telophase 1  (1) D Metaphase 1  (1) 4.4.2 Definition of the term meiosis  The type of cell division that results in four daughter cells   each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell  (2) 4.4.3 TWO importance of meiosis in living organisms  Meiosis assists in the formation of sex cells/gametes   Halves the number of chromosomes in daughter cells   Ensures a constant number of chromosomes in body cells from one generation to the next   Brings genetic variation in organisms  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 10 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 – Marking Guidelines 4.5 The diagram on a specific cell 4.5.1 The name of the cell above Animal cell  (1) 4.5.2 The names of the part that corresponds with the functions: A Centriole  (1) B Lysosome  (1) C Nuclear membrane  (1) D Cytoplasm  (1) 4.5.3 FOUR similarities between animal and plant cells  Cell membrane is present in both animal and plant cells   Both have nucleus   Mitochondria exists in both cells   Both have ribosomes   Endoplasmic reticulum is found in both cells   Golgi apparatus are present in both cells   Both have vacuoles  (Any 4) (4) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over