UKUHLOLISISA INDLELA ULIMI OLUSETSHENZISWA NGAYO draft 1

UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA UKUHLOLISISA INDLELA ULIMIOLUSETSHENZISWA NGAYO ISIZULU AMABANGA 10-12 ABAFUNDI ISIZULU ULIMI LWASEKHAYA ISIZULU ULIMI LOKUQALA LOKWENGEZA ISIZULU ULIMI LWESIBILI LOKWENGEZA 2019 Second Chance Matric Support Programme

UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA UKUHLOLISISA INDLELA ULIMI OLUSETSHENZISWA NGAYO AMABANGA 10-12 ABAFUNDI ISIZULU ULIMI LWASEKHAYA ISIZULU ULIMI LOKUQALA LOKWENGEZA ISIZULU ULIMI LWESIBILI LOKWENGEZA 2019 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 1

OKUQUKETHWE: UKUHLOLISISA INDLELA ULIMI OLUSETSHENZISWA NGAYO 1. ISINGENISO: INDLELA ULIMI OLUSETSHENZISWA NGAYO.......................................................................... 5 1.1 KUYINI UKUHLOLISISA INDLELA ULIMI OLUSETSHENZISWA NGAYO?............................................... 5 1.2 Iyini inkolelo?............................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Yini ingxoxo?. .................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Kungani kufundiswa ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo?..................................................... 6 1.4 Ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo kugxile kuphi?................................................................ 7 2. Ulimi kanye namandla ........................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Kungani kufundiswa ngobudlelwano phakathi kolimi kanye namandla? .................................................... 9 2.2 (a) Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kolimi namandla?..................................................................................... 9 2.3 Amathekisthi asetshenziswayo ukwelekelela ukufundiswa kolimi namandla............................................ 10 2.4 Ngabe yini iqhaza lezakhiwo nezimiso zokusetshenziswa kolimi ekutshengiseni amandla?.................... 11 2.5 Ukuba nesizotha kanye nobudlelwano bamandla ngesikhathi sengxoxo.................................................. 13 2.5.1 Isu lokuba nesizotha........................................................................................................................ 13 2.6 Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi. .......................................................... 14 2.7 Amandla olimi ezikhangisini....................................................................................................................... 15 2.8 Ingxoxo yezifundiswa noma ochwepheshe. .............................................................................................. 17 2.9 Ubudlelwano bamandla ezingxoxweni ezingamiselwe mgomo................................................................. 17 2.10 Ukuxoxisana phakathi kwezingane nabadala............................................................................................ 17 2.11 Izingxoxo phakathi kwabantu besilisa nabesimame.................................................................................. 18 3. UKUNCENGA, UKUKHOHLISA, UZWELO, UKUCHEMA, UKUCWASA KANYE NENCAZELO YENKOLELO ENGAGUQUKI..................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Kuyini ukuncenga kanye nokukhohlisa?.................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Funda isiqephu esilandelayo uphendule imibuzo engezansi. ................................................................... 19 3.3 UKUCHEMA. ............................................................................................................................................. 24 2 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

3.4 UKUBANDLULULA.................................................................................................................................... 27 3.5 INKOLELO ENGAGUQUKI. ...................................................................................................................... 27 3.6 IJAGONI. ................................................................................................................................................... 27 3.7 ISILENGE.................................................................................................................................................. 28 3.8 UKUCWASA. ............................................................................................................................................. 28 3.9 ULIMI OLUCHUKULUZA IMIZWA. ............................................................................................................ 28 3.10 IZIMPAWU ZESIKHANGISI EZIPHUMELELAYO...................................................................................... 30 3.11 Imisebenzi yokuzilolonga........................................................................................................................... 32 4. ISIGABA SESINE................................................................................................................................................. 34 4.1 Iqiniso nombono. ....................................................................................................................................... 34 4.2 Ulimi lwesigodi .......................................................................................................................................... 34 4.3 Irejista........................................................................................................................................................ 35 4.4 Ijagoni ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 4.4.1 Ulimi, amandla nerejista.................................................................................................................. 35 4.4.2 Indlela yokuxoxa/yokukhuluma ...................................................................................................... 35 4.4.3 Ubudlelwano phakathi kolimi nesiko .............................................................................................. 36 4.5 Imisebenzi yokubukwayo........................................................................................................................... 37 4.6 Amatheksthi abukwayo.............................................................................................................................. 38 4.7 Uyini umgomo wabakhangisi?................................................................................................................... 40 4.8 UKUQONDISISA EZINYE IZINGXENYE ZEMITHOMBO YEZINDABA (IKHATHUNI). ............................ 43 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 3

Sizwe sikaPhunga noMageba yamukelani nawu umzamo esithi asiphonse ngawo itshe esivivaneni ukulekelela abafundi kanye nabafundisi ukuba bakwazi ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezivivinyo zephepha loku-1 isiqephu C. Siyethemba ukuthi leli bhukwana lizokwazi ukulekelela abafundi ukuze baqonde ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo. Isisezithebeni-ke! AMAGAMA ABABHALI BALO MHLAHLANDLELA 1. Mrs Khethiwe Zuma Gauteng Province – Johannesburg East Distrct 2. Ms Nompumelelo Mlangeni Mpumalanga Province- Gert Sibande District 3. Dr Zandile Mhlungu KZN- Zululand District 4. Mr Antony Mlandeli Mbuyisa KZN- UThukela District 5. Mrs Molly Mahlangu Gauteng Province- Gauteng East 6. Mr Sibongiseni Thango KZN – Ilembe District 4 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

1. ISINGENISO: INDLELA ULIMI OLUSETSHENZISWA NGAYO. Ngokomqulu we-CAPS ukufunda ulimi kumele kwelekelele abafundi bakwazi ukulusebenzisa ukuze bakwazi ukucabanga, bahlolisise; baveze imibono ephusile ngezinto eziphathelene nokuziphatha nalokho okungamagugu, basebenzise amathekisthi anhlobonhlobio ngokuhlolisisa, bakwazi ukubona nokuphosa inselelo, bakwazi ukubona okungamagugu, ubudlelwano bamandla obutholakala phakathi kwamathekisthi, nokufunda amathekisthi ngenhloso ethile njengokuzijabulisa, ukucwaninga noma ukuhlaziya. ISIGABA SOKUQALA ISIGABA SOKUQALA 1.1 KUYINI UKUHLOLISISA INDLELA ULIMI OLUSETSHENZISWA NGAYO? Ukuhlolisisa 1.1 KUYINIukuthiUKUHLOLISISA umqondo wakhiwaINDLELA kanjani, ukukhumbula amandla obudlelwano ULIMI OLUSETSHENZISWA obukhona NGAYO? phakathi kwezilimi okwenza umfundi aqine, angavumi ukukhohliseka, futhi asebenzise ulimi ngokuqaphela. Ukuhlolisisa Ukuhlolisisa ukuthi umqondo indlela wakhiwa ulimi ukukhumbula kanjani, olusebenza ngayo amandlakubandakanya ukukhethwa obudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwezilimi okwenza umfundi aqine, angavumi ukukhohliseka, futhi asebenzise ulimi ngokuqaphela. ngenhloso kwalokhu okulandelayo: ukukhethwa kwamagama, ukukhethwa kohlelo Ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusebenza ngayo kubandakanya ukukhethwa ngenhloso kwalokhu okulandelayo: ukukhethwa kwamagama, lokusetshenziswa kolimi, ukukhethwa kwerejista efanele nokukhethwa kwesimo sengxoxo. ukukhethwa kohlelo lokusetshenziswa kolimi, ukukhethwa kwerejista efanele nokukhethwa kwesimo sengxoxo. Bheka Bheka loolandelayo: lo mdwebo mdwebo olandelayo: Umshaye ngebhande. Umbhaxabulile. Ukukhethwa Kwamagama Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lolimi Ukukhetha Indlela uimi irejista olusetshenziswa efanele ngayo Isimo sengxoxo Ukuhlonipha umuntu omdala usebenzisa isivumelwano somuntu wesithathu ube ukhuluma naye. Isib: “Ngizwe ukuthi ubaba ungibizile” Amagama ahambelana nesimo. Isb. Ngizothi dudu, akwehlanga lungehliyo (Umama eduduza kushoniwe) 7 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 5

1.2 Iyini inkolelo? Inkolelo yilokhoumuntu ngayedwa noma abantu abaliqembu abakholelwa kukho. Izinkolelo abantu abanazo ezisukela emphakathini noma emasikweni abo, yizona ezakha ziphinde zilolonge indlela abacabanga ngayo. Izinkolelo abantu abanazo ziba nomthelela endleleni abantu ababuka ngayo izinto kuze kwakheke imibono enokuchema okuthile. Nazi Izibonelo zezinkolelo: • Ukumela amalungelo abesifazane: bagqugquzela ukuthi kube nokulingana ngokomnotho, ukuhlalisana kanye nangokwepolitiki. Babuye balwele amalungelo abesifazane. • Inkolelo ngobulili: Le nkolelo imayelana nesimo abesifazane nabesilisa ababuka ngaso iqhaza okufanele balibambe emphakathini kanye namalungelo abo. • Ukulingana ngokwamathuba: Le inkolelo esusa ukucwasa ngokweminyaka, ngokobulili, ngokwebala, ngokobuhlanga, ngokobuzwe, ngokwenkolo kanye nangokukhubazeka (ngokomzimba kanye nokwengqondo). Bonke abantu banelungelo lokuphathwa ngokufanayo. • Izinkolo: Lokhu kusho inkolelo ehlukahlukene ngokwezinkolelo nangokwezenkolo. Abanye bayaye balandele zonke izimfundiso ngakolunye uhlangothi abanye bakhetha lokho ababona kusemqoka kubona. • Umcabango: Le nkolelo yimicabango egxile ngokwendawo. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya bafunda izindlela zale nkolelo ezihambisana nesikompilo labo ngokwendawo kanjalo nasemadolobheni bafuna izindlela zale nkolelo ngokwesikompilo labo oluhambisana nohlobo lwendawo abaphila kulona. Isb. Emakhaya, amanye amantombazane uma esethole isoka athuma izintombi aqome amise iduku, kanti edolobheni abanye abazali bayalela izingane zabo ukuba zilethe amasoka ukuze bawazi noma engakhiphanga lutho. 1.2.1 Yini ingxoxo? Ingxoxo indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo ukudlulisa umqondo othile. 1.3 Kungani kufundiswa ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo? Ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo kufundiselwa ukuhlomisa abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukuhlaziya ulimi abalusebenzisayo nolusetshenziswa ngabanye. Ngokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusebenza ngayo kubhekiswe ekulekeleleni abafundi baqonde izimo zenhlalo, zombusazwe, ukuhlukahlukana kolimi, izingxoxo kanye nezinkolelo olimini. • Ukufunda nokufundisa ulimi akusikho nje ukudlulisa ulwazi nokufundiswa kohlelo kodwa kuhlomisa abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukuqaphela kanye nokungavumi ukukhohliswa kusetshenziswa ulimi. • Kwakha ikhono lokuqaphela ubudlelwano phakathi kokwenzeka egunjini lokufundela nasemhlabeni ngokubanzi. • Ukuhlanganisa abantu bolimi olulodwa bazi ububona, amandla abanawo ngolimi lwabo kanye nenkolelo. • Ukukwazi ukubona amandla okusebenzisa ulimi kanye nesayensi yemicabango. • Ukufundisa abafundi ukuthi ulimi alusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nabanye abantu kuphela kodwa yindlela yokulawula abantu kanye nokuguqula indlela abacabanga ngayo kanye nabaziphatha ngayo. • Ukulekelela abafundi ukuba baqonde ngezinto ezibazungezile empilweni abangazisebenzisa kumathekisthi. • Ilekelela abafundi ukuthi bekwazi ukuzisungulela imibhalo yabo engakhuthazi izinkolelo ezingaguquki baphinde bakwazi ukucubungula imibhalo ngokuzimela bebeke nemibono yabo. • Ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga. Ukuqaphelisa abafundi ukuthi amathekisthi wonke asuselwa ezimeni ezithile 6 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

zempilo okungaba amasiko, ezombusazwe nakwezenhlalo jikelele. • Ithuthukisa ukucabanga ngokuhlolisisa ulimi olusetshenzisiwe isb. I-athikhili yephephandaba, izikhangisi namafilimu. • Ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana, ukuqondisisa umphakathi ngokufunda indlela efanelekile yokubona obekuqondwe inkulumo igqugquzele nokucabangisisa ngaphambi kokuba ukhulume noma ubhale. Ake sibheke isiqephu esilandelayo. Asiqaphelisise izingxenye ezibhalwe ngokugqamile kanye nencazelo ezotholakala mayelana nendlela ulimi olusebenza ngayo. ITHEKISTHI: UKUCHAZA Ukukhiqizwa Ebhalwayo/ekhulunywayo UKUSEBENZISANA: Kwezinhlobo Inqubo yokusungulazemibhalo nokusetshenziswa UKUHUMUSHA: kwamathekisthi ahlukahlukene Ukuthola incazelo ehluk ehlukahlukene ISIMO: Okuphathelene nezenhlalo namasiko, nomnotho, INCAZELO: nombusazwe kanye nesimo ithekisthi egxile kuso Ukuchaza umthelela wesimo kokwenzekayo Habe!Angifuni nakuzwa ngalezo zichwensi. Bakhona abantu abadlala izigubhu emalibeni okungamantombazanyana kuzibinye phezu kweliba? Abazi yini ukuthi izinto ezenziwayo ziyehlukaniswa ngendawo, ngenkathi nangesimo? Awumane wenze noma yini noma kuphi noma kanjani ube uqhosha ngokuthi beniphila leyo mpilo nosehambile. Nx!Habe! Angifuni Ulayekile nakuzwa ngalezo lo mgulukudu zichwensi. waboshwa! abantu abadlala Bakhonaabantu. Ubusubaqedile Ngizwela izigubhu abazali, babethembile ukuthi emalibeni okungamantombazanyana kuzibinye phezu kweliba? Abazi yini ukuthi intombazanyana yabo iyokhula ibe umuntu.Usixolele Simakade thina zoni ezilusizi; izinto kodwa phela zinjalo izingane ezikhula zitotoswa. ezenziwayo Asihlale ethembeni ziyehlukaniswa isimilo siyokwakheka hlezengenkathi ngendawo, nangesimo? etilongweni Awumane wenze okuyiyona nomandawo yokugcina elungisa izigcwaneki. yini noma kuphi noma kanjani ube uqhosha ngokuthi beniphila leyo mpilo nosehambile. Nx! Ulayekile lo mgulukudu waboshwa! Ubusubaqedile abantu. Ngizwela abazali, 1.4 Ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo kugxile kuphi? babethembile ukuthi intombazanyana yabo iyokhula ibe umuntu.Usixolele Simakade thina kufanele Abafundi zoni ezilusizi; kodwa basebenzise phela ulimi zinjalo izingane olukhulunywayo kanye ezikhula zitotoswa. nolubhalwayo bese Asihlale ethembeni bebheka ulimi isimilo indlelahleze siyokwakheka olusetshenziswa etilongweni ngayo ukulawula okuyiyona noma ukuguqula ndawo indlela yokugcina abantu ababuka ngayo umhlaba. Nakuba lezi zingxenye elungisa kuxoxwa ngazo ngokwehlukana kodwa zixhumene. Isibonelo: uma abantu bekhombisa izigcwaneki. amandla, basebenzisa ulimi olunxenxayo, basebenzise ulimi oluchemile noma izinkolelo ezingaguquki. Ukukhethwa kwamagama asetshenziswayo kuncike esimeni sezenhlalo namasiko, umbusazwe kanye nezethameli. Okugxilwa kukho ngalezi zingxenyana ukuthi ulimi luwudlulisa kanjani umyalezo, amandla, ukukhombisa ukwehlukana phakathi 1.4. Ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo kugxile kuphi? kobulili nobuncane ngeminyaka. Abafundi kufanele basebenzise ulimi olukhulunywayo kanye nolubhalwayo bese Isibonelo: bebheka indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo ukulawula noma ukuguqula indlela abantu 1.ababuka ngayo Incazelo umhlaba. eqondile Nakuba lezi zingxenye kuxoxwa ngazo ngokwehlukana kodwa negudliselayo. zixhumene. Isibonelo: uma abantu bekhombisa amandla, basebenzisa ulimi olunxenxayo, Incazelo eqondile emshweni yileyo esho into esobala engadingi ukuthi kuze kujulwe ukuthola incazelo. 10 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 7

Incazelo egudliselayo yileyo egqamisa omunye umqondo. Uthi uma uyifunda uthole ukuthi kunomqondo omunye oqukethwe yilowo musho. Incazelo egudliselayo yileyo egqamisa omunye umqondo. Uthi uma uyifunda uthole ukuthi kunomqondo omunye oqukethwe yilowo musho. Izibonelo: Izibonelo: i. Iqhude likikilige kwaphela ubuthongo. (Incazelo eqondile esho inkukhu yesilisa) i. ii. Bafundi Iqhude likikilige thulani kwaphelaumsindo, selifikile ubuthongo. iqhude. (Incazelo (Incazelo eqondile egudliselayo, esho inkukhu yesilisa) kushiwo uthishanhloko) ii. Bafundi thulani umsindo, selifikile iqhude. (Incazelo egudliselayo, kushiwo uthishanhloko) iii. Bakhona kodwa abantu abadlala izigubhu emalibeni. (abantu abadlala umculo iii. Bakhona kodwa abantu odumayo ngenxaabadlala izigubhu yezandisi msindoemalibeni. ezinkulu(abantu abadlala umculo odumayo ngenxa yezandisi abazisebenzisayo-ogudliselayo msindo ezinkulu abazisebenzisayo-ogudliselayo ungathekisa ukuduma kwesigubhu esikhulu) ungathekisa ukuduma kwesigubhu esikhulu) Izindlela ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa kolimi (isitayela, ijagoni, ulimi Ulimi nesiko lwesigodi, islenge, Ukuhunyushwa itsotsitali) ulimi kwemibhalo olujwayelekile nerejista ebukwayo Okuphathelene nezenhlalo, ezombusazwe Ukuyamanisa, kanye namasiko ukucabangela ethekisthi kanye nokudaza inkani nombhalo Izingxenye zokuhlolisisa Umthelela wokufaka Ukuchema, indlela ulimi nokweqiwa ukucwasa, kwamagama ukubandlulula, olusebenza ngayo inkolelo engaguquki Ubudlelwano phakathi Imibono kolimi namandla 11 namaqiniso Olunxenxayo, olukhohlisayo noluchukuluza imizwa ISIGABA SESIBILI 8 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

2. Ulimi kanye namandla 2.1 Kungani kufundiswa ngobudlelwano phakathi kolimi kanye namandla? Kufundiswa ngobudlewane phakathi kolimi namandla ukuze abafundi baqonde ukuthi bangasebenzisa ulimi ukulawula nokuguqula indlela abantu abacabanga ngayo, kuphinde kwelekelele abafundi ukusungula amathekisthi besebenzisa amasu anamandla olimi; isibonelo: ulimi oluchukuluza imizwa, ukucwasa kanye nenkolelo engaguquki. Inhloso yokufundisa ulimi kanye namandla, ukwenza abafundi baqonde ukuthi ulimi lusetshenziswa kanjani ukutshengisa amandla kanye nemicabango enkulumeni kanye nasemibhalweni yamathekisthi. Ekufundeni amathekisthi ahlukahlukene, abafundi kufanele babheke ukuthi izakhiwo zolimi zisetshenziswe kanjani ukudlulisa imicabango ethile kanye nokuncenga abanye. Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla kufanele kufake ukuxoxisana bukhoma ngoba ubudlelwano bamandla ngokuhlalisana bubonakala ekuxoxisaneni yingakho kufanele sisebenzise inkulumo-mpendulwana, i-inthavyu, izingxoxo zasenkantolo njalonjalo. Amandla ayavela futhi uma omunye elawula izifiso zabanye, amacebo kanye nezinkolelo. Umuntu noma isikhungo esiphethe siyaye sifise ukuba abantu balandele umthetho, balawulwe noma bangene esivumelwaneni esivuna bona. La mandla asetshenziswa ngokunxenxa noma ezinye izindlela zokuxoxa ngokudaza inkani. Izibonelo: Ayikho induna ezophatha amabutho ingabuthiwe ngokusemthethweni. (okhulumayo unamandla ngaphezu kwezinduna namabutho) Izingane azisheshe zilale, isikole kusasa. (Okhulumayo unamandla ngaphezu kwalowo amtshela lo myalezo kanye nezingane) 2.2 (a) Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kolimi namandla? • Ulimi luveza amandla ngezindlela eziningi: lutshengisa, luveze luphinde luphonsele amandla inselelo. • Amandla asetshenziswa ngumuntu komunye umuntu noma iqembu labantu kwelinye, lawa ngamandla ngokwenhlalo. • Amandla ayaye aqale ezikhungweni ezinhlobonhlobo zomnotho, ngokwezikhundla, igunya, ulwazi, ubuchwepheshe noma amalungelo noma nje ukuba ilunga lenhlangano enamandla. • Ubudlelwano bamandla buyaqalwa busetshenziswe bese bukhiqizwa ngokuxoxisana. • Amandla atholakala ngokuzuza labo asetshenziswa kubo abizwa ngokuthi ngamandla asizayo. La mandla asenza ukuthi siziphathe ngendlela ethile noma sithathe izinqumo ngaphandle kwendluzula. La mandla asebenza ezimeni zenhlalo njengasezikhangisweni, amasiko kanye nakwabezindaba. • Ulimi lukhombisa isikhundla salowo okhulumayo. • Ulimi olusetshenziswa ngokhulumayo luyakhombisa ukuthi uphethe noma uphethwe. Uma okhulumayo esebenzisa inkulumo enohlonze, uyakholeka futhi nalokho akukhulumayo kuyalandelwa. Isikhulumi UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 9

esinobuchule ekukhulumeni siyakwazi ukukhohlisa, silawule siphinde sinxenxe izethameli zaso. • Kulindeleke ukuthi umuntu osesikhundleni akhulume ngendlela ethile esebenzisa irejista efanelekile. • Isikhulumi esingenawo amandla sibonakala ngokukukhuluma kwaso okunokungabaza nokungazethembi. Ulimi alusebenzisayo yilona oluveza isikhundla akusona, nalokho akukhulumayo angeke kunakwe. • Amaqembu anamandla kanye namalunga awo alawula noma abe nelungelo lokubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni nasemicimbini enhlobonhlobo. • Balawula izinkulumo-mpendulwano ezihleliwe besebenzisa abasebenzi abangenazikhundla, bahola imihlangano bakhiphe imiyalelo noma imithetho. Babhala imibiko enhlobonhlobo, izincwadi, imiyalelo, izindaba nezingxoxo zabezindaba ezinhlobonhlobo. 2.3 Amathekisthi asetshenziswayo ukwelekelela ukufundiswa kolimi namandla (1) Ulimi oluncengayo lusetshenziswa kuzikhangisi nakuzimfundisoze, lubuye luhlose ukuguqula izenzo nezinqumo zalabo oluqondiswe kubo. (2) Ukulandisa okunomthelela: amathekisthi anjengenoveli, izindaba ezimfushane, izinkondlo, imidlalo, izindaba, imibiko/ ama-athikhili angachaza izenzo ezingadingeki ukuthi zenzeke ngokusebenzisa ukuphindaphinda emdlaweni noma ukusebenzisa ukunxusa okuthinta imizwa okungaguqula indlela abantu abenza ngayo. (3) Izingxoxo: Lapha kufanele sibheke ukwakheka kolimi, ulwazimagama, ukwakheka kwemisho nokusetshenziswa kwezakhi ukuthi kusetshenziswa kanjani ukukhombisa amandla. Sibuye sibheke ukusebenzisa inkulumo-mpendulwano phakathi kwabantu abangekho ezingeni elilinganayo ngokwamandla. Isibonelo: udokotela nesiguli ingane nomuntu omdala. Kufanele zihlaziywe ngokuhlobana nezinhlobo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuteleka okwenziwa ilawo maqembu angenamandla. (4) Ulimi kanye namacebo okuxhumana okusetshenziswa abantu abasezikhundleni noma abaphethe. • Abameli kanye namajaji bathembela olimini oluhlukile kanye nakumagama athile ekwakheni uzinzo, ekubuzeni abantu kanye nasekuphoqeni ofakazi ekuvezeni amaqiniso. • Umama usebenzisa ukuqinisa amagama ukukhuza ukuziphatha komntwana. • Ukuphoqelela inhlonipho kanye nokutshengisa ukuhlukana ngokwamandla othisha bayaye bafune abafundi bakhulume nabo ngenhlonipho. • Ukuba namandla phezu kwabanye abantu usebenzisa ulimi kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningi ezehlukene. Indlela ecacile yokuhlobana phakathi kwengxoxo kanye namandla ukusebenzisa ulimi olunendluzula ukulawula ukuziphatha. • Ukungabibikho kwamagama nakho kwesinye isikhathi kukwenza uzuze amandla. Kuyenzeka umama atshengise ebusweni ukuthi akayithandi into eyenziwa ingane yakhe mhlawumbe uyibambe ikotela ekhabetheni ukuyothatha amakhekhe bese eyibuka kabi athi nje, “Wenzani?” • Ukuqonda ukuhlobana phakathi kwengxoxo namandla kuyasiza ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwamandla. Obezoqolwa isigebengu kungamsiza ukulalela nokwenza lokho okushiwo isigebengu. Ugcina esindisa impilo yakhe. • Abafundi kufanele bafundiswe ngokusebenza kwezakhiwo zolimi ezahlukene ukuze bakwazi ukuhlaziya amandla engxoxweni kanye nasenkulumweni. Lesi sakhiwo solimi kufanele sifakwe ekufundisweni kwezakhiwo zolimi njengoba kuyalela uhlelo lokufundisa. 10 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

IMIBUZO YOKUZIVIVINYA EMAYELANA NOLIMI KANYE NAMANDLA 1. Ufika ngasikhathi sini esikoleni? Ubuyela nini ekhaya? 2. Ubani okutshela ukuthi fika ngesikhathi esithile? Nikeza izibonelo zemisho noma amagama abawasebenzisa ngesikhathi bekunikeza umyalelo. 3. Ngabe abazali bayakunika imiyalelo ekhaya? Nika imiyalelo emihlanu. Isibonelo: Akuhanjwa ebusuku kuleli khaya. 4. Ngabe uyalucela usizo kubazali bakho? Isibonelo: ngicela imali ethe xaxa ukuze ngithenge ukudla engikuthandayo. 4.1. Yimaphi amagama owasebenzisayo uma ucela usizo? 5. Ngabe uyayihambela imihlangano yasesikoleni noma yomphakathi? 5.1. Yiliphi iqhaza likasihlalo emihlanganweni? 5.2. Igama lakhe liyasetshenziswa yini emihlanganweni? 5.3. Yini ebangela usihlalo noma amalunga omhlangano asebenzise lelo gama? 5.4. Ngabe usihlalo unika zonke izethameli ithuba lokukhuluma? 5.5. Ngabe usihlalo uyayibeka imigomo yokuziphatha okufanele ilandelwe? 6. Ngabe izindaba, amaphephandaba, amaphephabhuku, umabonakude, kunomthelela ekuziphatheni kwakho kanye nokubheka kwakho impilo isibonelo; ukukhetha izingubo, abangani, ukudla kanye nokubukeka, njl. 6.1. Nikeza isibonelo sesikhangiso esenza uthande umkhiqizo othile. Insipho uKhanyisa yenza isikhumba sakho sikhanye, sibe bushelelelzi iphinde isuse amabala. 7. Uma uhamba ngomgwaqo kunemithetho ebekiwe yokuziphatha, yimiphi leyo mithetho? 7.1. Kwenzekani kumshayeli ongayithobeli imithetho yomgwaqo? 8. Uma ukhuluma nomuntu ongamazi esebenzisa amagama isibonelo: ‘Sthandwa’ Ngabe kuba namuphi umthelela? 8.1. Ngabe uwena okhuluma kaningana uma unabanye abantu? 8.2. Ngabe uyabanqamula abanye uma bekhuluma, kungani? 8.3. Uma ukhuluma nabanye abantu uyaye uxoxe ngesihloko osithandayo? 8.4. Ngabe uzithola ungenawo amandla uma umuntu ekhuluma ngolimi ongaluzwa? 2.4 Ngabe yini iqhaza lezakhiwo nezimiso zokusetshenziswa kolimi ekutshengiseni amandla? Ukuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo kumayelana nokuhlaziya ukuthi izakhiwo zolimi zisetshenziswa kanjani ukulawula nokuguqula abanye abantu. Kungakho abasebenzisi bolimi bekhetha ulwazimagama, imisho nezakhi ezifanele ukuze inkulumo yabo izwakale kwabanye abantu. Abantu abasebenzisa ulimi bakhetha amagama nemisho ukuzuza izinhloso zokuxhumana. Ulwazi lomthelela lwesakhiwo sezilimi ezahlukene luba wusizo ekuhlaziyeni ingxoxo, kungaba ebhalwayo noma ekhulunywayo. Ake sibheke iqhaza elibanjwe ezinye izimiso zolimi ekudluliseni umyalezo nokuhlosiwe. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 11

Ngendlela yokuyalela • Lena indlela isetshenziswa emiyalelweni. • Imiyalelo isetshenziswa ukuphoqa ukuthi omunye umuntu alandele lokho okushiwo ngumyalelo. Uma lokhu kuphumelela lo myalelo usuyoba ngenye yezinto akholelwa kuzo ekucabangeni nasekwenzeni kwakhe. • Ukudlulisela komunye umuntu ulwazi ngemiyalelo kwenza ukuthi ulawule ukucabanga nokwenza kwalowo muntu. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni lowo olawulwayo ahluleke ukuzimela uma engasekho ozomnikeza umyalelo. Isibonelo: Abelungu bahalakaniphile kunabantu abamnyama yingakho umuntu omnyama engakazwi ukuzisebenza, ulindele ukuba athole umsebenzi kumlungu. Ngendlela ephoqayo Indlela emayelana nokulawula. Ukulawula kugqama uma ukungalingani kwamandla phakathi kokhulumayo nolalele kuvuna okhulumayo. Isibonelo: “Yima Mandla! Woza lapha!” Ukungalingani kwamandla kuvame emiyalelweni yasemasosheni nasekufundiseni ezikoleni. Le ndlela iyasebenza nalapho kunesimo sentukuthelo. Ngendlela yokubuza. • Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukubuza. • Ngokubuza umuntu umbuzo, usuke udinga ukuthola impendulo, futhi uma obuzayo enamandla kuyaphoqeleka ukuthi obuzwayo aphendule. • Lokhu kuba sobala uma kubuzwa ngokuphindelela njengasegunjini lokufundela phakathi kukathisha nabafundi. Ngendlela encikile Imisebenzi encike emandleni Lokhu kwenza umuntu osesikhundleni emphakathini njengalaba: uPhapha, ijaji, umfundisi bakhe iqiniso ngokusebenzisa amagama athile. Isibonelo: Ukwehliswa kwabafundisi esikhundleni, ukunikeza kwesigwebo nokubhabhadisa. Izabizwana Ukusebenzisa isabizwana soqobo esithi, “wena” nesithi, “thina” kungakha ubudlelwano phakathi kombhali nofundayo, ithoni yobunye neyokuqonda. Isabizwana soqobo singenza ofundayo azizwe eyingxenye yesihloko okukhulunywa ngaso. Amabizo Ibizo igama elisetshenziswa ukugagula noma iyiphi into esiyibona siyithinte naleyo esingayiboni futhi esingenakuyithinta. Nazi izinhlobo zamabizo: • Amabizomvama- okungamagama ezindawo, abantu, izilwane nezinto, • Amabizoqho okungamagama abantu, izindawo, imifula, izintaba nokunye okuqanjwe amagama. • Amabizo asuselwa kwezinye izingcezu zenkulumo: Isibonelo; amabizo asuselwa ezenzweni: uthando lisuselwa esenzweni “thanda”; incazelo isuselwa esenzweni “chaza”. Inkulumo eyethulwa umenzi eyinhloko yomusho kanye nomusho owethulwa umenziwa eyinhloko yomusho. • Umusho lapho umenzi eyinhloko yomusho. Isibonelo: Uthisha ufundisa abafundi. 12 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

• Umusho lapho umenzi engesiyona inhloko yomusho ngoba akuyena okugxilwe kuye. Isibonelo: Abafundi bafundiswa nguthisha. Izimo zokukhuluma: izifenqo: isifaniso nesingathekiso Izibonelo: UNdlovu umandlana mancane njengengane. (isifaniso) UMandla yinyathi uqobo. (Isingathekiso) Isifaniso: Isifaniso isimo sokukhuluma esiqhathanisa izinto ezingafani ukuze kugqame umyalezo. Isibonelo: Unesibindi njengebhubesi. Isingathekiso: Lesi isimo sokukhuluma esiqhathanisa izinto ezimbili ezingefani ngokuthi enye into ibizwe ngaleyo efana nayo. Isibonelo: Akumandla yindlovu. Akuvila yinyoka. 2.5 Ukuba nesizotha kanye nobudlelwano bamandla ngesikhathi sengxoxo Ukuba nesizotha kwenzeka kanye namandla. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla nesizotha kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesu noma ithuluzi elidambisa noma lilungise ukuziphakamisa. Leli gama elithi, “isizotha” libalulekile kunoma kuyiphi inkulumo noma ingxoxo. Ngokolimi ukuzotha kuchaza ukukhuluma ngendlela efanele ebudlelwaneni balowo olalele nokhulumayo. Izinto ezinomthelela ekuzotheni ziyehlukana ngokwamasiko. 2.5.1 Isu lokuba nesizotha La masu alandelayo atshengisa ukuba nesizotha amanye asetshenziswa enkulumweni engenamandla. (Angatholakala ekufundeni umbhalo obukwayo, ukufundela ukuqondisisa kanye nasemibhalweni yobuciko.)  Ukuzindela Amagama anjengo, “mhh” kanye no, “aah” angaphazamisa uma esetshenziswa ngokweqile. Ukuzindela kungasho futhi ukuba netwetwe, ukungazithembi nokungazilungiseleli kokhulumayo. Kungasusa okhulumayo noma olalele emyalezweni. Ukuzindela (ukubambezela inkulumo) okungatheni kungenza okhulumayo anconywe, azwakale kangcono futhi angethusi. Ngakho-ke ukuzilungiselela ukukhuluma kudinga wazi izethameli indawo kanye nesimo.  Izivikeli Izivikeli ziyibinzana lamagama anokungazibophezeli kwesikhulumi, abambezela aphinde alinciphise uhlonze lomyalezo. Izivikeli eziningana zenza okhulumayo abukeke engazethembi, kanjalo nomyalezo ungabe usethenjwa. Isibonelo: “Ngicabanga ukuthi…”/ “Mhlawumbe….”/” Kungenzeka….” Uma usebenzisa izivikeli ekwethuleni inkulumo makube yilezo ezihloniphekile. Isibonelo: “Kungaba….” /” Kubukeka sengathi….”/” Ngokuvamile….”  Ukujobelela imibuzo • Ukujobelela umbuzo kuzwakala sengathi udinga isiqiniseko noma ukufakazelwa kulokho obukusho. • Ukuphetha inkulumo yakho ngombuzo njengokuthi, “Angithi kunjalo?”, “Ubona kanjani?” Kukwenza ubukeke njengomuntu ongazethembi, ongabazayo, ongenaso isiqiniseko ngento ayishoyo, kwenza ukuthi nokushoyo UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 13

kungakholakali. • Ukujobelela umbuzo ekugcineni komusho kudala ukungabaza nasezithamelini zakho bangakholwa ukuthi uyakwazi lokho okushoyo. • Kumele kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa kwale mibuzo esekugcineni.  Ukuziqhelelanisa • Ukuziqhelelanisa kusho ukuthi udinga ukuqinisekisa nokuvunyelwa ngabakulalele kulokho okushoyo. • Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuthi wandulele ozokusho ngamagama athi, “Ningangizwa kabi…./ Ngiyazi lokhu kungezwakala njengobuwula, kodwa…../ Lokho kwenza abakulalele bakuzwe kabi noma okushoyo bakuzwe kungenamqondo. • Ukuziqhelelanisa kudala ukungabaza nasezithamelini zakho bangakholwa ukuthi uyakwazi lokho okushoyo. • Ukuziqhelelanisa kukhombisa ukungabi nesibindi ngombono wakho.  Ukuzibeka engcupheni ngokuxoxisana. • Uma kuxoxiswana kumele wazi ukuthi ubeka impilo yakho engcupheni. • Kufanele uqikelela ukuthi okhuluma naye udinga ukuzizwa ehloniphekile futhi ethandeka nawe ngokunjalo uyadinga ukuhlonipheka. • Ngesikhathi kuxoxwa kungavela lokhu okulandelayo: impikiswano, ukusolana ukungaboni ngaso linye, ukuthikamezana, ukuphoqa, ukuboleka, ukucela usizo, ukucela ulwazi, ukuphoxana kanye nokushayana. 2.6 Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi Abafundi abaziqonde izimo zokukhuluma okuyizifenqo, izisho kanye nezaga. Lokhu kusho ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwazo, imiqondo eziyiqukethe kanye nomthelela wokusetshenziswa kwazo emushweni, esigabeni noma ethekisthini isiyonke. Isibonelo: Akamuhle uchitha isikhathi umntakababa. Kuhlupha khona nje ukuthi uyazifela ngaleli nkankane laseNkanini. Liz- ishaye zaphelela. Laze lashesha bo liqala ngqa ukuqonywa! Hleze lizisizile kakade isoka kaliganwa kuganwa intolela mlonyeni. Imibuzo a) Caphuna ukuvuma ngokuphika esigabeni esingenhla bese ukuchaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini. Impendulo: Akamuhle uchitha isikhathi. Incazelo: Isisho esichaza ukuthi muhle kakhulu kangangoba ubona isikhathi sesikushiyile ulibele ukumbuka. b) Linamuthelela muni ngokomqondo igama inkankane emushweni wesi-2? Impendulo: Lisho ukuthi isoka likadadewabo limnyama ngebala futhi libi akalithandi umbhali/ 14 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

lowo okhulumayo. c) Gagula ubuciko obutholakala kule nkulumo uyichaze ukuthi isho ukuthini. Impendulo: “Isoka kaliganwa kuganwa intolela-mlonyeni.” Incazelo: Isaga esakhiwe ngesiqhathaniso esisho ukuthi kulukhuni ukuba indoda iganwe uma isazizwa ubunsizwa bayo. d) Nikeza isimo sokukhuluma esikhundleni samagama adwetshelwe: i. Ukungaganwa kukaZwelonke kwamfaka kwenkulu inkinga. > Isizungu sabulala inkonyane njengakwaMasuku. ii. Ngeke uSimangele angene engozini enamehlo womabili. > Ngiyimpuputhe nginguMaShongwe yini? e) Ukuhlolisisa amagama asuselwe kwamanye amasiko/kwezinye izilimi kunamthelela muni? Lapha singabala imifakela, isitsotsi, ulimi lwesigodi namagama agqamisa ubuzwe. i. Bhala igama elifanele esikhundleni somfakela emshweni olandelayo Ulahlekelwe ibhengele lakhe lethusi. Impendulo: Ulahlekelwe isongo lakhe lethusi ii. Lungisa umusho olandelayo. Ngibazi bonke abantu bakibo. Impendulo: Ngibazi bonke abantu bakubo. iii. Bhala ngendlela efanele amagama adwetshelwe: UNaMasondo ukude uLaMavimbela oseduze. Impendulo: UKaMasondo ukude uKaMavimbela oseduze. 2.7 Amandla olimi ezikhangisini Ulimi ezikhangisini lusetshenziselwa labo isikhangisi esiqondiswe kubo. Kukhethwa amagama, irejista nesitayela okuhambisana nabo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngamasu ahlukahlukene; • Ukuhuha (ukuheha)/ukulutha/ukunxenxa/ulimi oluthinta imizwa. Izibonelo: Singakusiza ngani? Lo muthi unyamalalisa amafutha ngokushesha kuwo wonke umuntu Imnandi ikuncindis’ iminwe. • Amabizongxube akhelwa ukuchaza noma ukukhanyisa. Izibonelo: a) Leli khofi lilungele uwonkewonke. b) Ngena uzothenga esitolo samanani ayisi-R5.00 kuphela, uthole konke okufunayo. • Ukufingqa kubizwe inani lempahla sengathi liphansi kakhulu. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 15

Izibonelo: a) Ngamarandi ayi-R12 99 kuphela usunowakho umshini wokusika utshani. (Esikhundleni se-R1 299.00) Bukisisa isikhangisi esilandelayo uphendule imibuzo 1. 1. Chaza Chazangegalelo ngegalelo lolwazi lwangaphambilini lolwazi oluvela lwangaphambilini kulo mugqa oluvela ocashunwe kulo mugqa esikhangisini. ocashunwe “Eminyakeni eminingi, i-Savlon ewuketshezi ebithenjwa kakhulu kuyo yonke imindeni…” esikhangisini. “Eminyakeni eminingi, i-Savlon ewuketshezi ebithenjwa kakhulu (2) kuyo yonke imindeni…” (2) Impendulo: Lucacisa ukwethembeka kwe-Savlon okunomlando weminyaka eminingi ukuze Impendulo: abathengi Lucacisa bakholwe ukwethembeka ukuthi nalo kwe-Savlon mkhiqizo omusha okunomlando weminyaka uthembekile. eminingi ukuze abathengi bakholwe ukuthi nalo mkhiqizo omusha uthembekile. 2. Kungani igama “Savlon” libhalwe kaningi kusikhangisi futhi labhalwa ngefonti eyehlukile? (3) 2. Kungani igama “Savlon” libhalwe kaningi kusikhangisi futhi labhalwa ngefonti eyehlukile?Inhloso yokuligcizelela futhi ligqame ngoba kuyigama lomkhiqizo Impendulo: (3) okhangiswayo. 3. “Ungaba nokuzethemba okungakwenza ubhekane nomhlaba wonke.” Sinamthelela muni isimo 22 sokukhuluma esigqanyisiwe? (2) 16 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

Impendulo: Siyalutha aheheke umthengi ngoba ekholwa ukuthi uzoba nokukhulu ukuzethemba uma esebenzisa insipho i-Savlon. 4. Ngabe uphumelele umkhangisi ukukhangisa lo mkhiqizo wakhe? Sekela impendulo yakho. (3) Impendulo: Uphumelele. Uwugqamisile umkhiqizo awukhangisayo ngezithombe zawo kanye nokubhala igama lawo kaningi ngokugqamile./ Usebenzise isithombe somndeni onamalunga ajabule futhi aphile kahle ukugqamisa uthokozela imisebenzi yomkhiqizo i-Savlon. 2.8 Ingxoxo yezifundiswa noma ochwepheshe • Izifundiswa ochwepheshe kanye nababhali bayayiguqula indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo. Lokhu bakwenza ngamandla abanawo okusebenzisa ulimi, besebenzisa ulimi ukwethula imibono yabo. • Basebenzisa izindlela ezithile ukuqophisana nokuphikisana kanye nengxoxo echaza izenzo ezingezinhle. • Ngokucacileyo imibiko yezifundiswa ngenhlalo nangomnotho isetshenziselwa ukuguqula indlela abantu abazokwenza ngayo izinto. • Izingxoxo nemibhalo eyahlokahlukene njengamanoveli, imidlalo namafilimu angachaza isimo sekusasa esingagculisi noma esigculisayo. 2.9 Ubudlelwano bamandla ezingxoxweni ezingamiselwe mgomo Ingxoxo engamiselwe mgomo ekilasini: • Imiyalelo ijwayele ukusetshenziswa ekilasini. Isicelo sijwayele ukudluliswa njengomyalelo ophoqayo; njengokuthi, “Yenza lokhu” noma kube umbuzo othi, “Ungakwenza lokhu?” • Uthisha ngokujwayelekile usebenzisa amagama uma enza izicelo. • Abafundi bona basebenzisa amagama okuhlonipha uma bekhuluma nothisha njengokuthi, “Yebo Thisha” • Uthisha usebenzisa amagama athi, “Ngiyacela” nelithi, “Ngiyabonga” ukunxenxa abafundi ukuba baqhubeke benze lokhu abayala ukuthi bakwenze. 2.10 Ukuxoxisana phakathi kwezingane nabadala • Umehluko ogqame kakhulu phakathi kwamandla ngokwamasiko, amandla phakathi kwabazali nezingane. • Kungenzeka kube khona ukwehlukana kwamasiko phakathi kuka mama nobaba emndenini. • Emiphakathini ethize, izingane azikhulumi kakhulu, azivunyelwe ukuqala ingxoxo noma ukukhuluma ngezihloko ezithile. Akufanele ziphendule uma umuntu omdala esakhuluma, noma sezikhuluma kumele zisebenzise amagama athile akhombisa inhlonipho. Isibonelo: “Yebo Baba”; “Yebo thisha” noma umfundi akhulume njengathi ukhuluma nomuntu wesithathu. Isibonelo. “Bengizwe ngathi uMama uzoqala ngokugeza” • Abantu abadala bona bavumelekile ukunqakisana ngamazwi. Bangangenelela enkulumeni, bathethe, basabise, baqondise izingane enkulumeni yazo. Ingxoxo ingathatha isimo sokwethula iseluleko, ukucela noma ukunxenxa ngokuthembisa izithembiso. • Kwesinye isikhathi izingane ziye zisabise ngokuthi zizohamba ekhaya, zizozilambisa, noma ziyeke isikole, ukuzama ukuziphindisela kubazali abababambisa isisila sehobe/ ababambisa udwadwa/ ababambisa udonga/ UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 17

babashaye ngemfe iphindiwe ngokwenza izithembiso ezingafezwa. 2.11 Izingxoxo phakathi kwabantu besilisa nabesimame Nakuba zikhona izikhathi lapho bededelana khona ngokukhuluma, kodwa abantu besilisa esikhathini esiningi bayavumeleka ukuthi baphazamise ingxoxo. Ukukhethwa kwamagama, izakhiwo zokusetshenziswa kolimi kanye nenkulumo yezitho zomzimba kukhombisa ukuthi ubani kulabalingani ababili onamandla ukunomunye. Inhlolokhono • Kunhlolokhono, obuza umbuzo uyena olawula isivinini nenqubekela phambili yokuxhumana. Unelungelo lokungenelela atshele lo obuzwayo ukuthi ame isikhathi sesiphelile ngesikhathi lo obuzwayo ebesathula inkulumo yakhe. Ukuxoxisana phakathi kwabangani (Amandla ayalingana) Lapha ukuxoxisana kuyalingana ISIGABA SESITHATHU: 18 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

3. UKUNCENGA, UKUKHOHLISA, UZWELO, UKUCHEMA, UKUCWASA KANYE NENCAZELO YENKOLELO ENGAGUQUKI. 3.1 Kuyini ukuncenga kanye nokukhohlisa? UKUNCENGA • Yisu lokusebenzisa ulimi ukuze abanye bakwemukele futhi benze njengoba ufisa. • Ulimi oluncengayo lusinxenxa ukuba senze okuthile luphinde lusiholele ekwamukeleni umbono oncengayo. • Abasebenzisi bolimi oluncengayo abakukhathaleli kangako ukukhuluma amaqiniso, inhloso yabo ukuthinta imizwa yethu kunokucabanga. UKUKHOHLISA • Leli yisu lokusebenzisa ulimi ukuze izethameli zikukholwe nakuba okushoyo kungelona iqiniso. • Inhloso yolimi olukhohlisayo ukuzuza ngokungenabulungiswa kulabo elubhekiswe kubo. Isibonelo: Ukukhangisa nezinkulumo zezombusazwe. • Ulimi olukhohlisayo luhlose ukulutha ofundayo ukuze enze okufunwa umbhali. • Kunemibhalo esebenzisa kakhulu ulimi olukhohlidsayo ukuze abayifundayo bahambisane nemibono yombhali. • Ulimi olukhohlisayo akuyikho ukuthi luyedukisa, kodwa lukhuthaza izindlela zokufunda ngokuhlolisisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi. LUNGASETSHENZISWA KUPHI ULIMI OLUNCENGAYO? • Lungasetshenziswa ezikhangisini uma kugqugquzelwa abathengi ukuthi bazibone bewudinga lowo mkhiqizo. • Amaqhinga olimi olukhohlisayo ahambisana nenhloso noma izethameli. • Kungasetshenziswa ihaba noma okungelona iqiniso. 3.2 Funda isiqephu esilandelayo uphendule imibuzo engezansi Angithi uzogijima mfana wami uyongithengela ubisi nesinkwa? Uthathe imali ehlangene uyiyeke eluhlwe- za ngoba ngifuna ukushintshela abantu uma sengidayisa amaphinifa emholweni ngomhlomunye. Nakhu lihloma cishe lizona ntambama. Ungalibali-ke ukutekana nebhola lapho emgwaqeni. Mina ngisalungiselela ukuya emtholampilo ngoba kusasa kufanele ngiyothatha amaphilisi ephika. Ufunde uma usubuya. Phela angiyifuni ingane ethembe ukuphasa ngembuzi. Uhambe wedwa ungabe usumema ilima. Ungalokothi ubuye usumehlo abomvu njengawesinkwe! Phela ninjalo nina zingane, umuntu unitshela lokhu nibe nizicabangela izinyoni zenu. Ngiyofunda kwezami ukuthi ususivalele esiswini isimehlane. 1. Gagula izindlela EZIMBILI ulimi olusetshenziswe ngazo emshweni wokuqala. Caphuna amagama ukusekela izimpendulo zakho. (2) Impendulo Angithi: Ukuvumisa Mfana wami: Uthando/ukuncenga 2. Tomula umusho okhomba ukucabangela okungahle kwenzeke. (2) UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 19

Impendulo Nakhu lihloma cishe lizokuna. 3. Yiziphi izinto ezibandlululwa ngokhulumayo? (3) Impendulo Ingane ethembe ukuphasa ngembuzi Uhambe wedwa ungabe usumema ilima Phela ninjalo nina zingane, umuntu unitshela lokhu nibe nizicabangela izinyoni zenu. 4. Yakha eyakho imisho emibili ngegama “hloma” linikeze umqondo ohlukile kunalona osesiqeshini. (4) Impendulo Hloma lowo mkhonto phansi. Amabutho ayahloma kepha alikaphumi elokuthi ayohlasela kuphi. 5. Nikeza umqodo osobala kanye nogudliselayo wegama “izimbuzi”. (2) Impendulo Isilwane esingangemvu esifuywayo: osobala Iphepha lemibuzo lokuhlola elitholakala kumuntu ongafanele lingakabhalwa: ogudliselayo 6. Chaza ngokuvezwa kwamandla kulo musho: “Ufunde uma ubuya.” (2) Impendulo Okhulumayo unamadla okutshela olalele ukuba afunde usebenzisa ubudala bakhe phezu kolalele oyingane. 7. Caphuna umusho oqagulayo. (2) Impendulo Ngiyofunda kwezami ukuthi ususivalele esiswini isimehlane. 8. Yikuphi okusesiqeshini okukhomba inkolelo engaguquki? (2) Impendulo Phela ninjalo nina zingane, umuntu unitshela lokhu nibe nizicabangela izinyoni zenu. 9. Bhala igama elibhalwe ngokugqamile ngendlela ejwayelekile. Shono ukuthi liluhlobo luni lolimi (2) Uhambe Umyalelo Lezi zindlela ezilandelayo kufanele ziqondwe futhi zisetshenziswe uma ulalele, ufunda, ukhuluma noma ubhala. 20 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

Okungazwakali kahle Isikhulumi sisebenzisa amagama angacacile futhi anganamqondo. Emva kwenkulumo izethameli zize zizibuze umbuzo othi, “Ngabe uqonde ukuthini?” Okudidayo Igama elingaba wuphimbohluka nokunye. Isibonelo: “Ingahlatshwa inkomo”- Ungakusho uma unqaba ukuthi inkomo ihlatshwe. Isibonelo: “Ingahlatshwa inkomo”- Ungakusho uma uvuma ukuthi inkomo ihlatshwe. Izaga kanye nezisho Kusemqoka ukuqaphela imvelaphi, ubuciko, incazelo yezaga kanye nezisho ukuze zisetshenziswe ngaso sonke isikhathi ezimweni ezihlobene nemvelaphi yazo. Okugqamile ngezaga kanye nezisho Izaga nezisho zigqame ngokusebenzisa ulimi oluwubuciko (njengezifenqo) Izibonelo: Isaga: Oxamu bayabusa ekweneni. Incazelo: Oxamu lapha bangathekisa izigebengu kanti ekweneni khona kungathekisa izindawo ezithile lapho izige- bengu zikhululeka khona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Isaga: Ikhotha eyikhothayo engayikhothi iyayikhahlela. Incazelo: Lapha sithola ifanamsindo kanye nesiqhathaniso kugqamisa ukusizakala ngokufanayo nobuhle obenzile ukujeza lapho ungelusizo lwalutho. Isisho: Ukushaya esingeqiwa gundane. Incazelo: Lapha ukudla kuze kugcwale isisu kungathekiswe ngokushaya kanti kuyihaba ukuthi uma ususuthi isisu siyoba sikhulu kangangokuba ngisho negundane ngeke likwazi ukuseqa. Izaga zethula amaqiniso angephikiswe kanti izisho aziwethuli amaqiniso angephikiswe. Izibonelo: Isaga: Umzimba uzwiwa ngumniniwo. Incazelo: Kuyiqiniso elingenakuphikiswa ukuthi omunye umuntu ngeke abazi ngokuphelele ubuhlungu obuzwiwa ngomunye umuntu. Isisho: Ukuluma indlebe. Incazelo: Umuntu uma etshela omunye imfihlo akalokothi amhlabe ngezinyo endlebeni. Yisu nje leli lokunonga ulimi eligqamisa ukuthi yilowo ohletshelwe ozosala nomthwalo wokufihla imfihlo asehletshelwe yona. Akumnandi phe- la ukugcina izimfihlo ngoba uhlale usaba ukuthi zingahle ziphunyuke bese eyakusho owakuhlebela athi zaphuma ngawe. Uyoligeza ngani-ke igama lakho? Zikhona izaga eziqala ngo-: uku- kanjalo nezisho ezingaqali ngo-: uku-. Umehluko ukuthi noma zikhona izaga eziqa- la ngo-: uku- kepha ziyimisho ephelele futhi engeguquke. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 21

Izibonelo: Isaga: Ukuzala ukuzelula amathambo. Incazelo: lokhu kushiwo umzali uma ebona izingane zakhe sezimsiza. Isisho: Insizwa eyancela Incazelo: Sisho insizwa enamandla noma enesibindi Zikhona izisho ezithile ezingazimela. Isibonelo: Isisho: Unwele olude! Incazelo: Mana njalo! Kukhona izaga ezisebenzisa amagama ahambisanayo ukugqamisa umqondo othile. Lezi zaga zivame ukumumatha isingathekiso. Esilungwini kuba lula kakhulu ngoba lolu limi lona alunothile njengolimi lwesiZulu. Izikhathi eziningi lezi zaga ziyasetshenziswa ukubhekelela lawo magama okuthiwa ayahambisana. Izibonelo: Isaga: Isinkwa nebhotela. /Umumba nedlelo. /Umutsha nethunga. Incazelo: bayezwana kakhulu. / Abehlukani. Isaga: Ikati nempuku. /Inja nekati. Incazelo: Izitha ezinkulu / Abezwani. Isaga: Kubambene ingwe nengonyama Incazelo: Kuqhathwe kahle abanamandla alinganayo. Kunezaga nezisho ezithile ezisuselwa emlandweni. Nazi ezinye zazo: Isisho: Ukuholela oPhathe Incazelo: Sisho ukuyengela engozini. Lokhu kusukela esigamekweni sokuholelwa kwabeLungu emhumeni uBhon- goza kaMemfu wakwaNgcobo emuva kokunqotswa kwempi yakwaZulu eNcome okwalandelwa ukushiswa kwesi- godlo senkosi uMgungundlovu oNdukuzibomvu. Wawalutha ngokuthi izinkomo zisemhumeni oPhathe kanti kwakub- hace khona amabutho, adliwa ijozi kanjalo amaBhunu. 22 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

Isisho: Ukuba ubhongoza Incazelo: Ukuba ngumholi wabaphikisa okuthile. Lokhu kusukela esenzweni sikaBhongoza kaMemfu ochazwe ngenhla. Isaga: Sobohla Manyosi. Incazelo: Sisho kumuntu osedelela ngoba edla kahle usuke esesongelwa-ke ukuthi iyoze imhlasele indlala kuph- ele ukweyisa. La mazwi ashiwo inkosi uDingane kuManyosi kaDlekezele waseMambatheni owayedla kahle ngoba wayedle ngokuhlabana. Wayeseyihlamukile inkosi uDingane esehamba nenkosi uMpande. Izaga nezisho ezithile ezisuselwe enkolweni / ekukholelweni okuthile Isisho: Ukubhekwa isambane Incazelo: ukungaphumeleli entweni umuntu akade ezimisele ngayo. (Inkolelo yokuthi isambane asiwaphakamisi amehlo uma singake siwaphakamise kungabe kungumshophi lokho). Isaga: Idlozi liyabhekelwa Incazelo: Akusikho ukuhlakanipha ukuzifaka engozini ngoba wethembe ukuvikelwa idlozi. (inkolelo yokuthi abantu abangasekho banamandla okubheka abakubo abaphilayo) Isaga: Imfene igijima emini Incazelo: Sisho indawo lapho abathakathi bengasenamahloni bethakatha emini kwabha. (inkolelo yokuthi bakhona abathakathayo) UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 23

UKUCHEMA, UKUBANDLULULA, INKOLELO ENGAGUQUKI, IJAGONI, ISILENGE NOLIMI OLUCHUKULUZA IMIZWA 3.3 UKUCHEMA • Ukuchema: umbono wokuthi into yinhle noma yimbi okuholela ekutheni uthathe uhlangothi oluthile ngokwenza nangokucabanga kwakho. • Ukuba nemibono evuna noma engaluvuni uhlangothi oluthile ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ulwazi oluphelele ukuze uthathe isinqumo okuyiso. Kungachenywa ngezindlela ezehlukene njengalezi ezilandelayo: Izibonelo: Ngobudala: Izingane zamanje zihlakaniphile kunabantu abadala. Ngokobulili: Abashayeli besifazane bayacophelela kunabesilisa. Ngokwenkolo: Kuleli zwe kuhlala amaKrestu kuphela. njl. Izimpawu zokuchema • Ukuchema kukuthina akekho umuntu ongachemile. • Ukuchema kubukeka kuyinto embi okufanele siyiyeke. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngoba asikho isimo esingakwenza ungalithathi uhlangothi. • Ukuchema umbono okwenza ucabange ukuthi into imbi noma inhle eholela endleleni ozokwenza ngayo. Ukuchema akuyona into ezisukelayo, enhle noma embi • Ukuchema kwenza uphathe umuntu ngendlela ethile kusukela endleleni ozizwa ngayo, okubangelwa ngokobudala, ubuwena, ukuba noma ukungabi nekhono, ukungabi nakhono, ubuzwe, imvelaphi, ubulili, ukushada, ezombusazwe, izinhlaka zomphakathi, ubuhlanga, inkolo, nokuthandana kobulili. • Ukuchema kungasuswa ukwesaba, ukungezwani, inzondo, inkoleloze. Isibonelo: Ukuchema ngokobulili: Wonke amadoda adalwa elingana kunokuthi sonke sadalwa silingana • Ezinye izibonelo zokuchema kufaka ukwenza amahlaya, ukubiza amagama, inkoleloze, imidwebo, ukukhetha nokushiya abanye. • Ukuchema kungaholela ekubandlululeni nokungalingani. • Amagama esiwasebenzisayo ukuchaza imifanekiso, izibalo ayimbangela yakho ukuchema nendlela esibuka ngayo umhlaba • Ukuchema kunomthelela endleleni esibuka nesiphatha ngayo abantu, ezindaweni ezithile nasezimweni ezithile, ulwazi lwethu, ubulili, ubudala, izinga lokuphila, inkolo namagugu konke lokhu kwenza sicheme. • Abantu uma behambisana nalokhu kuchema bayathula uma leyo nto yenziwa. Abantu abafuna ukukhuthaza imicabango ethile abathuli uma kukhulunywa ngento ethile. 24 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

Izinhlobo zokuchema kwabezindaba • Ukuchema kwabezindaba kusho ukuchema kwezintatheli, abahlaziyi bezindaba bezinhlangano ezinkulu zokusakaza. Kugcwele yonke indawo ukuchema kwabezindaba. Lokhu kuba nomthelela ekutheni yiziphi izindaba okufanele zishicilelwe noma zidluliselwe emphakathini. Ukuchema ngokukhethwa okuzoshicilelwa nokuzoyekwa • Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikuphi okuzosakazelwa/kubhalelwe umphakathi nokuzoyekwa. Lokhu kungabangelwa yindlela yokucabanga kwabaphethe lowo mkhakha wezindaba. Intatheli ingalishiya ngamabomu olunye uhlangothi ingalusakazi noma ilushicilele ngamabomu. Ukuchema ngokushiya kungenzeka kuyona indaba ayixoxayo alethe uhlangothi elulodwa angaluvezi olunye uhlangothi. Ukuchema ngokukhetha indaba • Indlela yokukhetha ukugcizelela izindaba ezithile ngenhloso yokukhuthaza iqembu elithile aliyeke eliphikisana nalowo mqondo. Ukuchema ngokugqamisayo • Ukuchaza umuntu noma iqembu noma inhlangano ngophawu oluthile. • Lokhu kungenzeka kabili. Kungaba ukuchaza iqembu elithile ngophawu oluthile bese futhi elinye lishiywe ngaphandle. • Okwesibili kungenzeka lapho intatheli ingazokuluveza olunye uhlangothi lwendaba ku-athikhili ayibhalile. Ngokwenze njalo wenza abalalele noma abafundayo balubukele phansi lolo hlangothi okungashiwongo lutho ngalo Isibonelo: • AmaKhosi amahle axebule amaZayoni kabuhlungu emdlalweni kanobhutshuzwayo. Ukuchema ngendawo okubekwe kuyo izihlokwana ezingamanqampunqampu • Indawo ozibeka kuzo lezo zihlokwana zisho ukubaluleka kwazo kuMhleli. Izibonelo: ikhasi lapho kubekwe khona indaba ephephandabeni kusho ukubaluleka kwaleyo ndaba. Isibonelo: Njengezindaba zezombusazwe. Zivamise ukuba: Phezulu ekuqaleni kwekhasi Ekhasini lokuqala akuvamile ukuba uyifune kwamanye amakhasi ukuze uyithole. Ukuchema ngokuyijikelezisa • Lokhu kwenzeka uma kuthathwe uhlangothi olulodwa lesigameko noma inqubo, kushiywe okunye. Lokhu kungaba ithoni: kungaba yindlela umethuli abona ngayo, afake umbono wakhe endabeni eqondile enze omunye umbono wakhe ube ngcono kunombono wabanye. Ukuchema ngokugcizelela • Lokhu kusho ukuthi yiziphi izindaba ezisekhasini lokuqala noma kuqala ziphi izindaba ngalelo hora? Yiziphi izindaba ezabelwe isikhathi esithe xaxa kumabonakude noma emsakazweni, lokhu kusho indlela abantu abazoyithatha ngayo nokubaluleka kwayo. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 25

Ukuchema ngokuphindaphinda • Ukuchema ngokuphindaphinda indaba ethile noma umbono kwenza abantu bawukholwe, usheshe usabalale okusuke kungelona iqiniso. Ukuchema ngokwezihloko ezingamanqampunqampu • Ezinye zezihloko zingakudidisa zikuluthe ngenhloso yokuheha. Abanye abantu bafunda izihloko kuphela lokhu kungaholela ekutheni kuvele umqondo ongelona neze iqiniso noma into engabalulekile kube sengathi ibalulekile. Isibonelo: Ungenzenjani ukuphasa umatikuletsheni ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokufunda eziyisithupha. / Izindlela eziyishumi zokuziphatha. Ukuchema okudalwa izithombe, okushicilelwe (okuthwetshuliwe) • Indlela izithombe ezithathwe ngayo ukuchaza indaba. Ukuchema ngokwezibalo noma ukubala abantu Izibalo zingasetshenziswa ukuletha umqondo ongelona iqiniso. • Izibalo ezingaphelele, ezingenabo buqiniso noma ezikhethayo. • Amagama asetshenziswayo ukuchaza ubungako bezithameli. Izibalo zifuna ukuhlaziywa. Kulezi zibonelo ezimbili yisiphi ongasisebenzisa ukubonisa ukuthi isigwebo sentambo sihle? Babalelwa ku- 30% kwinhlololuvo abahambisana nesigwebo sentambo Bangaphezu kuka 70% abangahambisani nesigwebo sentambo. Izibonelo zezaga ezikhombisa ukuchema. Ingane ayimbuki umuntu omdala ezinhlamvini zamehlo. Ukuchema ngokwamaqembu • Amantombazane azihlupha ngobuhle nje kuphela. • Zonke izingane ziluhlaza. Ukuchema ngokwamasiko Kukhona ukuchema ngokwamasiko namazwe: • AmaJuda ayayithanda imali angongoqo. • Abafazi bamaVenda bayahlonipha. • Amadoda angamasoka. 26 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

3.4 UKUBANDLULULA Ukubandlulula yindlela yokucwasa noma ukungalingani ekunikweni izidingo ngoba ungoweqembu elithile. Kungaba yinhloso noma ngokungenhloso. Isibonelo: Ukuncisha umuntu umsebenzi ngenxa yokuba eluhlanga oluthile, ubuzwe, iminyaka, ubulili nenkolo. Ukushiya abantu abathile owakhelene nabo. Izibonelo: Kufuneka abantu abaneminyaka engama-35. Abantu besifazane abavumelekile ukuya emathuneni. 3.5 INKOLELO ENGAGUQUKI Lokhu kuyilokhu umuntu akuthatha njengeqiniso kungelona iqiniso. Inkolelo engaguquki umqondo weqembu ongashintshi kulokho elikholelwa kukho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ukhuluma ngalaba bantu, uhlanga noma ngalobo bulili wenze isinqumo ngabo ngaphandle kokubazi Izibonelo: Abafana bayafana njengegama labo. Zinjalo izingane ezikhula zitotoswa. Mudala umlungu. Izinhlobo zenkolelo engaguquki • Eyobulili: inkolelo engaguquki engabhekile kubuhlanga noma imvelaphi kodwa ubulili uma uthi amadoda angcono kunabafazi/ bonke abantu besifazane bayathanda ukupheka. Nazi ezinye izibonelo ngezansi: • Amadoda aqinile, angenza wonke umsebenzi. • Amadoda awumgogodla wempilo. • Abafazi abahlakaniphile njengamadoda. • Abafazi bangabashayeli ababudedengu. • Abafazi abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle njengamadoda. • Amantombazane awamahle kwezemidlalo. • Amadoda ayahlukumeza. • Abantu abakhulu bangamavila. • Akadli yikho ezacile. • Uyancishana ingakho enenhlokosela 3.6 IJAGONI Ulimi olusetshenziswa ngabantu abahlanganiswe okuthile okungaba uhlobo lomsebenzi, njengezifundiswa, inkolo neminye imikhakha eyahlukahlukene njl. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 27

Izibonelo: Iphepha lingigqunqisile. (Izitshudeni uma zikhala ngobulukhuni bephepha) Ayize ingolovane. (Abasebenzi basemayini) 3.7 ISILENGE Isilenge sisho amagama athile angaqondwa umphakathi kodwa asetshenziswa iqeqebana labantu. Izibonelo: Abashayeli bamatekisi bayalishaya isokisi. (Ukushaya isokisi ukuthatha ingxenye yemali ngokungemthetho kuleyo osuke usuyisebenzile) 3.8 UKUCWASA Ulimi olucwasayo. Izibonelo: Okumhlophe kungcwele/okumnyama kungcolile. Amakwerekwere ayizigebengu. AmaNdiya zimpimpi zabelungu. Ubuhlanga njengesibonelo sokucwasa Uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi umuntu webala elithile, kumenza abe ngcono kunabanye Izibonelo: Ibhola lombhoxo umdlalo wabamhlophe. Unobhutshuzwayo umdlalo wabantu abamnyama. Abelungu abakwazi ukugxuma. Umuntu omnyama akakwazi ukubhukuda Ukucwasa ngokubuzwe kusho ukubukela phansi abanye abantu abaqhamuka kwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo: Ukubiza abantu ngamakwerekwere noma amazayizayi 3.9 ULIMI OLUCHUKULUZA IMIZWA Luyini ulimi oluchukuluza imizwa? Lolu ngulimi olweneka imizwa yokhulumayo noma yobhalayo. Luyisu lokudoba abafundayo noma abalalele ukuze imizwa yabo ithinteke njengoba umbhali noma isikhulumi sihlosile. La mazwi uma esetshenziswa angachukuluza imizwa ukuze acindezele noma aphoqe lowo abhekiswe kuye ukuthi avume. Uma sikhuluma ngolimi oluchukuluza imizwa siqondise encazelweni egudliselayo yamagama, okungukuthi umqondo 28 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

ojulile oqukethwe ngamagama ungachukuluza imizwa. Yilawo mazwi okuthi uma ephinyiswa ahambisane nencazelo ethile mayelana nemizwa yalowo owakhulumayo okungaba owokuxolisa, owokucasuka, owokuncenga, owokubonga njl. La mazwi kuvame ukuba yizimo zokukhuluma ezithile kumbe kube izibabazo. Izibonelo: Ayidle izishiyele. Isaga esiqukethe umuzwa wokuxolisa. Nx! Isibabazo lesi esiqukethe umuzwa wokucasuka. Uma sikhuluma ngolimi oluchukuluza imizwa siqondise emagameni anencazelo egudliselayo. Izibonelo: Igama Incazelo eqondile Incazelo egudliselayo Inyoka Kungashiwo isilwane esihuquzela Kungashiwo umuntu onobungozi. ngesisu esinobungozi Umuntu ovilaphayo. Igundane Kungashiwo isilwane esithanda Kungashiwo abantu abasebenza indawo engcolile isinyenyela kube kutelekiwe. Igama elinencazelo egudliselayo lingaphide lihunyushwe ngezindlela ezimbili, indlela yokuqala ekhombisa ubuhle; kusho ukuthi ohumusha ngale ndlela unomuzwa omuhle ngaleyo nto. Eyesibili indlela ekhombisa ububi; okungukuthi lo ohumushe ngale ndlela unomuzwa omubi ngaleyo nto. Nasi isibonelo: Igama Amagama achukuluza imizwa Achukuluza ngobuhle Achukuluza ngobubi Ukuzaca Ukwehla ngokwesisindo somzimba Wondile Ukukhanya ngebala Umpofu/ umhlophe Ubomvu • Umuzwa wokuxolisa Sixolele Simakade thina zoni ezilusizi. Shwele Mdali! Maluju nsizwa yakithi! • Umuzwa wokudangala Usixolele Simakade thina zoni ezilusizi. Kuvalwe ngehlahla emizini eminingi ngenxa kamashayabhuqe. Uhambe ngokukhulu ukuzuma uzakwethu. • Umuzwa wokujabula Ngadla mina khanda le nkawu usimakla! Kikiki! Kuhle kwethu! Halala! UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 29

Ngibathanda sebelihlikihla abafana nalapho sebelidlisa utshani kuphela. • Umuzwa wokucasuka Habe! Angifuni nakuzwa ngalezo zichwensi! Ngeke uze ukubone lokho! Phuma uphele lapha! • Umuzwa wokwethuka / wokumangala Hawu! Wenzani? Yehheni we bantu! Habe! Mameshane! /Mamo! • Umuzwa wothando Ntombi emhlophe okwezihlabathi zolwandle. Intombazanyana yabo ikhula kahle kakhulu. Izwe lakithi linobuhle obungefaniswe nalutho. • Umuzwa wenzondo Nx! Ulayekile lo mgulukudu waboshwa. Mudle maliyakhe! Uzwile engetshe! Udamane ukwenza kukulungela, ufike kwangqingetshe namuhla. 3.10 IZIMPAWU ZESIKHANGISI EZIPHUMELELAYO Amasu ajwayelekile esikhangisi aveziwe kumgomo we-AIDA. Ukuheha, ukuvusa uthando, ukwakha ilukuluku kanye nokuthatha isinyathelo. • Ukuheha / ukunxenxa: Into eyenza isikhangisi sibukeke: Isibonelo: izithombe, izihloko zodaba, isakhiwo, umklamo noma umbala. • Ukuvusa uthando: Lokhu kuzuzeka ngokwenza ofundayo athatheke. Lokhu Kungenzeka ngokugcwalisa ikhuphoni noma ukukokozela ulwazi olunye oludingekayo okungaba amanani ehlisiwe. • Ukwakha ilukuluku: Umkhiqizo ubekwa ngendlela yokuthi uhehe noma uthandeke. Umfundi uzothanda ukuthenga umkhiqizo. • Ukuthatha isinyathelo: Khona lapho esikhangisini esiphumelelayo kuzoba nesimemo sokuthi uthathe izinyathelo ukuze uthenge umkhiqizo. 30 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

AMAGAMA ANCENGAYO ANGASETSHENZISWA ESIKHANGISINI La magama alandelayo angasiza esitayeleni sokubhala isikhangisi noma ibhrosha Kusha Inamandla Kubalulekile Isimangaliso Manje Amathuba Igugu Umlingo Mahhala Usozigidi Umvuzo Kalula Engcono Edumile Kuphephile Ngokushesha Umnotho Ukuduma Usizo Impilo Imali Iqiniso Masishane Uthando Memezela Ithuba Umfanekiso Kufanele 3.10.1 Ukonga Phakamisa isandla uma ngabe ungakufuni ukonga isikhathi kanye nemali. Ukonga imali kuyinto iningi lethu esifuna ukukwenza. Uma ungathembisa umuntu ukuthi uzomongela imali, ungaba nesiqiniseko sokuthi ungamheha lowo muntu, akuvulele isikhwama sakhe semali. Ukuphepha Sikufuna ukuphepha ezintweni esizithengayo. Sifuna ukwazi ukuthi imali yethu iphephile, noma izingane zethu zid- lala ngamathoyizi asezingeni eliphephile. Sifuna ukudla okuhloliwe, futhi sikhethe izicathulo nezimpahla eziphephile. Akumangalisi ukuthi iziphuzo zokwehlisa isisindo somzimba, okucatshangwa ukuthi ziphephile kubantu abaphethwe yisifo sikashukela, ziphuzwa sengathi azinayo imiphumela emibi. Ngokwezibalo eziqinisekisiwe Abakhangisi basethulela ubufakazi bonhlonze lwemikhiqizo yabo. Izingane ezingaphezulu kwama-80% zithanda umakhalekhukhwini owenza konke. Lokhu kungubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe. Uthando Uthando lunezincazelo eziningi. Ungaba nothando nento ethile njengezicathulo ezintsha noma ungathanda indlela into ethile esebenza ngayo. Isibonelo: ‘Ngithanda indlela okumhlophe okugcineka kumhlophe ngayo.” Noma ngayiphi indlela, uthando igama elinesisindo. Ukuthola Leli gama elithi, ‘ukuthola’ ilokho abakhangisi ababekubeka ngokuthi, “Uzothola okungcono ngokusebenzisa umkh- iqizo othile.” Isibonelo: “Thola impilo engcono, NgoVukahlale!” Ukuthola isethembiso sento enhle eseza / ezayo. Isiqiniseko Leli gama liyisisekelo sokuphepha. Ake ucabange indlela olisebenzisa ngayo nsuku zonke uzowabona amand- la alo. “Ngiqinisekisa ukuthi ngizobe ngisekhaya ngehora lesi-5 ntambama.” Ngokusho njalo ususa ukungabaza. Ekukhangiseni kwenziwa isiqiniseko esiyisethembiso esenziwa inkampani kumthengi. Ukubuyiselwa imali kuyinto enamandla ngoba ususa ukungabaza. Impilo Impilo ibaluleke kakhulu uma ihambisana nomkhiqizo okhangisiwe kungeyona impilo ethinta ukuphatheka kahle emzimbeni. Mhlawumbe okujwayelekile kusetshenziswa ngokuthi, “Thuthukisa impilo yakho ngakwezezima- li”. Kuyasebenza ngoba siyazi sonke ukuthi impilo enhle ngenjani. Uma ungenza isethembiso ngokuphila impilo enhle ekudleni, ekusebenzeni, nakwezinye izinto, wenza kahle. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 31

Imiphumela (inzuzo) Imiphumela ngelinye la magama elisetshenziswa kwezisematheni ukukhombisa impumelelo. Leli gama linamandla ngoba liyisithembiso esisiza ekutheni ukwazi ukucabangisisa ngentengo. “Uma lokhu kunezithelo / kunenzuzo / kunemiphumela, kusho ukuthi kufanelekile.” 3.11 Imisebenzi yokuzilolonga Ulimi oluchemile, OLUNEnkoleloze kanye nolubandlululayo umsebenzi 1 • Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bakunike incazelo yegama, isigejana samagama enkoleloze. Phinda ubacele ukuba basho izinkoleloze ezejwayelekile, ezinhle nezimbi. • Mabaxoxe besebenza ngamaqoqo. • Yini ephawulekayo? • Zisetshenziswa ezimweni ezinjani? Zinamuphi umthelela kubafundi? • Yingani bezithanda noma bengazithandi? UMSEBENZI 2 Maningi amagama asetshenziswayo esiZulwini nakwezinye izilimi uma kukhulunywa ngabantu besifazane, abesilisa kanye nezingane lokhu okunomthelela endleleni esicabanga ngayo. Isibonelo: Ukuhleba kuyamaniswa nabesifazane. Abafundi mabanikeze amanye bawahlele ukuthi avamise ukubhekiswa kobani. • Izinkoleloze ezibhalwe ngabafundi zikwenza uzizwe unjani? • Uphawulani ngezinkoleloze ezibaliwe? • Uzibone kuphi lezi nkoleloze, kumabonakude, emaphepheni, ezincwadini? • Ucabanga ukuthi izinkoleloze zingaba namuphi umthelela ongemuhle kwabanye abantu? • Yiziphi ezinye izinkoleloze abafundi abangazicabanga bazenze? -Abesifazane bapheka kangcono kunabesilisa. -Amantombazane awakwazi ukugijima njengabafana. UMSEBENZI 3 Bhala ngesimo esake sakwehlela esikhombisa inkoleloze noma esasikhombisa ukubandlululeka. Khumbula ukuthi niyixoxe, nenze uhlaka, niyilungise bese uyethula uma usubhala umsebenzi olungiselelwe. • Xoxa ngesimo lapho wake wahlukumezeka noma lapho wake wabona ukubandlululeka/ inkoleloze. • Cabanga ngale mibuzo elandelayo ngaphambi kokuthi ubhale 32 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

-Wazi kanjani ukuthi wahlulelwa ngokungelona iqiniso? -Yimaphi amazwi noma izenzo ezazibhekiswe kuwe ezenza ubone ukuthi zaziyinkoleloze? -Yingani ucabanga ukuthi lezi zinkoleloze zazibhekiswa kuwe? -Lesi simo sikwenza uzizwe unjani? -Ucabanga ukuthi kwakufanele uphathwe kanjani? -Yini izinkoleloze kanti futhi zibenza abantu bazizwe kanjani empilweni? -Sikhona isimo emlandweni obona ukuthi sabangelwa izinkoleloze noma ukubandlulula? -Abantu bafunda kanjani ukwenza izinkoleloze? Bangaziyeka kanjani ukuzenza? -Umnyango wezezindaba (Amaphephandaba, amaphephabhuku, amafilimu) ungasiza kanjani ukulungisa lesi simo? -Ucabanga ukuthi akhona amaqembu ahlangabezana nezinkoleloze kakhulu kunamanye? Uma kunjalo yingani? -Ucabanga ukuthi umuntu ngamunye angakunciphisa kanjani ukubandlulula noma izinkoleloze? UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 33

4. ISIGABA SESINE Izindlela ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kolimi zitholakala uma kunokwehlukana okukhona uma kusetshenziswa ulwazimagama, ukwakheka kwamagama noma ukuphinyiswa kwawo enkulumeni. Izibonelo zokuhlukana kokusetshenziswa kolimi kungaba ulimi lwesigodi nolimi lwabantu abaphila impilo eyodwa abasondelene ngokomsebenzi. 4.1 Iqiniso nombono • Iqiniso inkulumo equkethe okungenakuphikiswa, abudingeki ubugagu uma kubekwa le nkulumo. • Umbono amazwi adinga ubugagu, owashoyo kudinga awaseke ukuze abawafundayo / abawalalele bawabone ngendlela awasho ngayo kodwa ebe engaphikiseka. Izibonelo: - Iqiniso: Indlovu isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni. - Umbono: Awukwazi ukweqiwa ngisho nawusuku olulodwa ekufundeni izifundo zakho uma ufuna ukuphumelela ngamalengiso. - Umbono: Kuyenzeka onyakeni umfundi lumeqe usuku olulodwa noma ngaphezudlwana kwalokho engafundanga kodwa angaphumelela ngamalengiso Imibhalo eminingi efundwayo nebukwayo inawo amaqiniso nemibono. Ukukwazi ukwehlukanisa phakathi kweqiniso nombono kusemqoka ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuhlolisisa amathekisthi bese bewaphonsela inselelo. 4.2 Ulimi lwesigodi Ulimi lwakhiwa izilimi eziningana zesigodi. Ulimi lwesigodi luvamise ukuba indlela yokukhuluma esetshenziswa umphakathi othile. Luvamise ukwehluka endleleni okusetshenziswa ngalo ulimi lolo olumsulwa olusuka kulo ngendlela ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo samagama kanye nokuwaphimisa. Abasebenzisi balolu limi bangehluka ngesigodi, ukuhlalisana kanye nobuzwe. Ukwehlukana ngolimi lwesigodi kwenziwa kunoma iliphi izinga lolimi. Kungaba ukuphimisa, ukwakheka kwamagama, umqondo olethwa amagama noma ukusetshenziswa kolimi okwehlukahlukene. Ulimi lwesigodi lwehlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine: Ngokwendawo: Lolu uhlobo olusetshenziswa abantu besigodi esithile. Okwesikhashana: Lolu lusetshenziswa ezikhathini ezithile ngokukhula komlando waleso sigodi. Ngokomphakathi: Ulimi olusetshenziswa abantu abathi abaphile impilo esezingeni elifanayo. Lusetshenziswa ukwehlukanisa indlela yokukhuluma kubantu abaphila noma bezinga elifanayo. Olwesigodi: Olusetshenziswa abantu abahlala sigodi sinye. Lolu luqondene nomphakathi Lungadalwa izizathu ezithile ezehlukene. Kungaba ubulili, iminyaka yabalusebenzisayo, ubuhlanga, inkolo, kanye namazinga ehlukene empilo. 34 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

Elomuntu yedwa Indlela ehlukile yokusetshenziswa kolimi yomuntu ngayedwana. Angaba nendlela yakhe yokuphimisa amagama, ukwakheka kwawo kanye nolwazimagama. Ulimi kuyenzeka luhlulwe ngokusetshenziswa ulimi lwesigodi ngamandla. Lapha ulimi lwesigodi lusetshenziswa uhulumeni, izinkantolo noma abomthetho, abezindaba, abakhulu kanye nezizinda zezemfundo. 4.3 Irejista Uma sikhuluma sivamise ukwehluka ngokwezimo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwehluka kudalwa yilokhu: • Isimo esithile. • Inhloso yalokhu esifuna ukukusho • Izithameli. Irejista uhlobo lokukhuluma/ ukusetshenziswa kolimi ngesizathu esithile noma kwesimo esithile. Uma sesifunda noma sibhala siyazikhethela ukuthi siphokophele ukusebenzisa ulimi kanjani ukwesekela esikushoyo. Lokhu kuzikhethela ukuthi silusebenzisa kanjani ulimi sikubiza ngokuthi irejista. Ukukhethwa kwerejista esiyisebenzisayo kudalwa izimo ezintathu; izethameli, yinhloso yesifuna ukukusho, nesikushoyo. Lezi zizathu yizo ezisho ukuthi silusebenzisa kanjani ulimi olunemgomo noma olungenamgomo, olumsulwa noma sikhuluma noma ikanjani. Ngamafuphi nje, ulimi olusetshenziswa abantu abasondelene kakhulu ngokwemikhakha. • Uma udokotela ekhuluma nomunye kuyehluka uma ekhuluma nesiguli sakhe. • Irejista yindlela yokusebenzisa amagama, ukwakheka kwawo, ukwenyuka kwezwi nephimbo ezimeni ezahlukene. Kukhona irejista esemthethweni kanye naleyo engekho emthethweni. 4.4 Ijagoni Ulimi olusetshenziswa abantu bomkhakha owodwa / indlela yokukhuluma kubantu bomkhakha owodwa. Akulula ukuthi abantu abangekho kulowo mkhakha bezwe okushiwoyo. 4.4.1 Ulimi, amandla nerejista • Uma amandla elingana nomunye wenza njegalokho wenzile: -Uma ngikubiza ngegama nawe ungenza njalo. • Uma singalingani ngokwamandla: -Asisoze sabizana ngokufana. - UDokotela angakubiza ngegama kodwa ngeke wambiza ngegama ungasho uthi, “Dokotela” • Uma sijwayelene singateketisana. Uma sijwayelene kakhulu, singabizana noma ikanjani. Uma singajwayelene, sibizana ngamagama aphelele noma izibongo. 4.4.2 Indlela yokuxoxa/yokukhuluma Uma sixoxa / sikhuluma kungaba semthethweni noma kungabi emthethweni. Lokhu kudalwa isimo esixoxa ngaphansi kwaso. Imicimbi ebalulekile / esemthethweni idinga inkulumo esemthethweni. Uma sixoxa nje, akunamgomo. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 35

Ukubaluleka kwesimo sengxoxo kungadalwa: • Uhlobo lwengxoxo. • Ukwazana, iminyaka nokunye kokuxoxwayo • Umsebenzi owunikeziwe. • Indlela esehlisa ngayo izwi ukuze kuzwakale kahle okushoyo. 4.4.3 Ubudlelwano phakathi kolimi nesiko • Ulimi olusetshenziswa umphakathi waleyo ndawo luhlobene nesiko lalowo mphakathi. • Ulimi luyingxenye yesiko. Yilona okuqhutshwa ngalo isiko. • Ulimi nesiko akwehlukani kuhamba ndawonye. Awusoze walwazi ulimi lo muntu kahle ungalazi isiko lakhe kahle. Kanjalo nesiko ngeke ulazi kahle ube ungalwazi ulimi. • Amasiko indlela abantu ababuka ngayo umhlaba basebenzisa ulimi lwabo. Ulimi lunothe ngezinto eziningi: izisho, izaga, indlela isizwe esibuka ngayo impilo kanye nokunye. • Amasiko kuyakhulunywa ngawo kusetshenziswa izimo zokukhuluma. Isibonelo: umendo awuthunyelwa gundane. • Ulimi luyasiza ukufundisa ngokuziphatha okungaba ukwenza nokucabanga. Isibonelo: Isuka muva likholwa yizagila. • Ukunikeza izifundo ngokuziphatha. Isibonelo: Izandla ziyagezana. • Abanye abacubunguli bolimi bakholelwa ekutheni ukubuka umhlaba ngokwesiko ngendlela elakheke ngayo kuncike olimini lwaleso sizwe. Isibonelo: Ilobolo, ukhamba kanye nenkatha, njl. 4.4.3.1 Isiko • Yilokho okuyizinkolelo, amagugu nalokho okulandelwa kugcinwe isizwe noma abantu okuyinto okungelula ukuyehlukanisa. • Ulwazi oludluliswa ezizukulwaneni ngabadala, izinkolelo namagugu. Kungaba indlela amaculo aculwa ngayo, imigidi (imicimbi / imikhosi), imitheshwana, ukugqoka, indlela yenhlonipho njl. Isiko liyakhula, alimile ndawonye. Lishintsha nokuhambisana kwesikhathi. 4.4.3.2 Isiko nokuhlonishwayo / nokuzilwayo • Kukhona izinto abantu abangakhulumi ngazo, okuyihlazo ukuzisho emphakathini noma ikuphi. Uma wehlulekile, waphahluka wawasho lawo magama ungazithola usenkingeni, uthole isigwebo esithile noma kube ihlazo emphakathini.  Ukufihla imvelaphi eyihlazo yezibongo ezithize. 36 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

• Lawo magama ahlonishwayo aqukethe okungamagugu omphakathi noma inkolelo yesizwe. • Kungaba amagama noma izihlokwana ezahlukahlukene; amagama aphathelene nenkolo, ucansi nezitho zomzimba zangasese, njl. • Kuyenzeka abantu bangayilandeli imitheshwana yokuhlonipha, ukusebenzisa la magama ngenxa yezinye zalezi zizathu:  Ukufuna ukubukwa.  Ukuba nesihluku noma udlame njengokuthuka inhlamba  Ukuhlekisa ngeziphathimandla.  Ukukhululeka, njl. 4.4.3.3 Isiko nokuteketisa Lapha abantu bakhuluma bangaqondisi ngqo enkulumeni yabo. Ukuteketisa kwenza sikwazi ukukhuluma ngezinto ezihlambalazayo ngendlela engconywana, elalelekayo njengokufa, ubugebengu, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, indlala kanye nokukhubazeka. Isibonelo: Ukuqhuba imbuzi, ukuthatha ngozwane, umashayandawonye, njl. 4.4.3.4 Isiko nomqondo onzulu Umqondo onzulu emagameni athile uyehluka kulelo nalelo siko. Uma umuntu ethi, ‘uyinja’ lokhu kungasho ukuhlonishwa ngonakho okungaba imali noma isibindi. Kanti futhi kungasho inhliziyo embi. 4.4.3.5 Ukubingelela emasikweni ahlukene Abanye abantu bayakhuluma ngalokhu: 1. Isimo sezulu- “sibulawa ukushisa” / “safa ilanga.” 2. Impilo- “Ninjani?” 3. Ukulingisa- Njengokuxhawula. 4.4.3.6 Isiko nokuzithoba engxoxweni Ukuxhumana nabanye kuncike kakhulu esikweni lalabo abaxhumanayo nenkulumo. Ukuzithoba nemitheshwana yakhona incike kakhulu kulelo nalelo siko. 4.5 Imisebenzi yokubukwayo Abafundi kufanele bakwazi ukuhumusha amathekisthi abonwayo bebuka lokhu okulandelayo: • Amasu asetshenzisiwe: ulimi oluchukuluza imizwa, olunxenxayo, olucwasayo, oluchemile, inkolelo engaguquki, isilenge, ijagoni, irejista nolimi olubandlululayo. • Ukuthi ulimi nokuhunyushwayo kukuveza kanjani okungamagugu nenkolelo ezithombeni nolimi oluthinta ubulili, ukubandlulula ngokobuhlanga, ubudala nenkolelo engaguquki ikakhulukazi ezikhangisini. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 37

• Ukubaluleka kokusetshenziswa kobungako befonti, isihloko kanye nokucashuniwe. • Kucutshungulwe, kuhunyushwe, kuhlolisiswe, nokuphawula ngezinhlobonhlobo zamakhathuni. • Amathekisthi angasetshenziswa: izikhangisi, amakhathuni nezithombe. 4.6 Amatheksthi abukwayo Amatheksthi abukwayo angavezwa ngezindlela ezahlukene zalokho okubukwayo: amafilimu, izithombe nemifanekiso. Nalokho okubukwayo kufanele ukubuke kaningana. Ukufunda itheksthi ebukwayo: Kufanele uyibuke kaningana, funa umqondo wayo obalulekile/osemqoka njengesakhiwo, ukuvezwa kolimi ukuthi kusebenza kanjani ndawonye. Cabanga inhloso yokubukwayo nokuthi zonke lezi zinto ziwudlulisa kanjani umyalezo kubabukeli. Izimpawu zokubukwayo • Ukukhanya kokuhunyushwayo • Isakhiwo • Isithombe esigqamile • Ukuphindaphindwa kwamagama athile. • Umbala • Ifonti • Ukuqhathanisa • Isithombe / okudwetshiwe / okubaziwe. Izimpawu zokubhaliwe esifundweni sokubukwayo • Umbuzo ongadingi mpendulo • Ukuphindaphinda okuthile. • Ukuphoqa. • Ingxoxo. • Ithoni. • Imisindo. • Okusamculo. • Inkulumo enganakekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezitho zomzimba Uma sibuka ukusethenziswa komzimba lapho sikhuluma sibheka lezi zimpawu: 38 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

a. Amehlo • Ukucwayiza. • Ukufifiyela noma ukuwakhipha kakhulu amehlo. • Ukukhombisa umuntu uma sekufanele kube uye okhulumayo. • Ukumedlulisa. • Ukukhombisa ukuthi ulalelisile. • Ukukhombisa uthando. b. Umlomo • Izindebe zomlomo-ukuqhaqhazela zikhomba ukwethuka, ukugodola, ukuqamba amanga. • Ukuvala umlomo- ukuhleka, ukwethuka. • Ukumamatheka- ukuhleka, ukujabula. Kuyenzeka umuntu aveze akushoyo ngezenzo engaphimisanga amagama. Asivamisile ukunaka indlela esikhuluma ngayo ngezenzo kanti ibalulekile ekuxhumaneni nabanye abantu. Kunikeza umqondo okuyiwona wona ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amagama ngokwenza lokhu okulandelayo: • Ukunikina ikhanda - ukuphika. • Ukunqekuzisa ikhanda phansi phezulu - ukuvuma • Ukumamatheka - ukujabula. • Ukuswaca – ukucasuka / ukudinwa • Ukumisa isithupha - ukuvuma, njl. • Ukuhleka inhlinini - ukubhuqa. Ukukhuluma ungasebenzisanga magama kubandakanya lokhu okulandelayo: • Ukunyakazisa umzimba. • Indlela yokuma. • Ukuhlangana kwamehlo. • Ukusondelana. • Ubuso. • Ukunikina ikhanda - ukuphika. • Ukunqekuzisa ikhanda phansi naphezulu - ukuvuma • Ukumamatheka - ukujabula. • Ukuswaca – ukucasuka / ukudinwa UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 39

• Ukumisa isithupha - ukuvuma, njl. Ukukhuluma ungasebenzisanga magama kubandakanya lokhu okulandelayo: • Ukunyakazisa umzimba • Indlela yokuma. • Ukuhlangana kwamehlo. • Ukusondelana. • Ubuso. • Indlela umuntu ahamba ngayo. 4.7 Uyini umgomo wabakhangisi? • Ukwenza izinto esizifunayo zibonakale ziyizinto esizidingayo. Abakhangisi bayazi ukuthi ukuziphatha kwabathengi kulawulwa uzwelo, ngakho izikhangisi nezindawo zokuthenga zihlelwe ngendlela ekhanga kakhulu. • Umthengi angahlela ukuthenga okuthile, umthengi uqala ngokuphupha eyibheka leyo nto, eyithola, ebese eyenza ibe ngeyakhe. I-AIDA i-akhronimi esetshenziswa ekudayiseni kanye nasekukhangiseni imikhiqizo. Le akhronimi ichaza uhla lwezinto ezingenzeka uma umthengi ebona isikhangisi: • A - attention (awareness) - Ukuheha umthengi/ukwazisa ngomkhiqizo • I - interest of consumer - Ukuvusa uthando • D – desire - Ukwakha ilukuluku • A – Action - Ukuthatha isinyathelo/isinqumo sokuthenga. Kunababhali abaningi abafundisa ngamasu okukhangisa ezincwadini zabo besebenzisa le ndela engenhla. 40 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

A INOTHE NGAMAVITHAMINI NKANYE NEKHALISHAMU AMASI ANAMAFUTHA NOKHILIMU OMUNINGI AKUKHO OKWENDLULA INKOMAZI. INKOMAZI IHAMBA PHAMBILI Nabantwana bayayithokozela! 53 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 41

B Sifikile Isikhathi sokushaywa umoya! Usalindeni? Thenga Iholidi Ngamanani Aphansi. Vakashela Emangelengeleni Utweze Ngesikebhe Olwandle Ujikeleze Umhlaba ngo - OLD MUTUAL kuphela!!! UMSEBENZI 1 UMSEBENZI 1 Funda izikhangisi ezimbili bese uphendula imibuzo ezolandela Funda izikhangisi ezimbili bese uphendula imibuzo ezolandela 1. Chaza amasu asetshenziswe umkhangisi ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo. Ukuheha 1. a.Chaza abathengi amasu esikhangisweni asetshenziswe A. umkhangisi ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo. b. Ukuvusa uthando esikhangisweni B. a. Ukuheha abathengi esikhangisweni A. 2. b. Ukuvusa Kungani uthando A kufakwe esikhangisweni esikhangisweni B. somntwana? isithombe 3. Ngokucabanga kwakho yini inhloso yokusebenzisa igama elithi, ‘kuphela’ esikhangisweni B? 2. Kungani esikhangisweni A kufakwe isithombe somntwana? 3. Phawula 4. Ngokucabanga kwakho yinikophawu ngokusetshenziswa inhloso / i-embulemu yokusebenzisa igama elithi, yemikhiqizo ‘kuphela’ ekulezi zikhangisi. esikhangisweni B? Izimpendulo 4. Phawula ngokusetshenziswa kophawu / i-embulemu yemikhiqizo ekulezi zikhangisi. 1a. • Igama inkomazi elibhalwe ngamagama amakhulu. • Isithombe senkomazi. • Ukuvezwa kokuthi inkomazi inamavithamini kanye nekhalishamu. 54 • Ukuthi awekho amasi adlula inkomazi. • Aphephile angadliwa ngisho nangabantwana abancane. 42 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

b. • Ukuvezwa kwesithombe eduze kolwandle esikhombisa ukushaywa umoya • Iholidi lishibhile • Uzovakashela izindawo ezinobuhle obummangalisayo 2. Ukugqamisa ukuthi amasi enkomazi aphephile ngoba adliwa nayizingane 3. Ukuveza ukuthi iholidi leli lidayiswa kwa-Old Mutual kuphela 4. Ukuveza ukuthi le imikhiqizo eyangempela futhi iphephile ngoba yenziwa izinkampani esezizenzele igama. KUQONDISISA EZINYE IZINGXENYE ZEMITHOMBO YEZINDABA (IKHATHUNI) khathuni? 4.8 UKUQONDISISA EZINYE IZINGXENYE ZEMITHOMBO YEZINDABA (IKHATHUNI) Isebenzisa abalingiswa. Umsebenzi wekhathuni ukufundisa, ukwazisa, ukuhlekisa, ukwethula amaqiniso Iyini ikhathuni? ngendlela enoteku kanye nokubhuqa. • Isebenzisa abalingiswa. Umsebenzi Umdwebo•kuvamise wekhathuni ukuthi ukufundisa, ube owodwa noma ukwazisa, ukuhlekisa, ukwethula amaqiniso ngendlela enoteku kanye ngaphezulu. nokubhuqa. Ibeka umbono noma ngani okusematheni ezindabeni. Iveza ubuthaka • bomuntu, Umdwebo abantuukuthi kuvamise abathile ubenoma umphakathi. owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ingaba nesithombe kuphela noma isithombe sihambisane nombhalo. • Ibeka umbono noma ngani okusematheni ezindabeni. Imidwebo iba yihaba okungaba ikhala noma amehlo amakhulu. • Iveza ubuthaka bomuntu, abantu abathile noma umphakathi. Iyabhinqa noma ukulingisa ngokubhuqa. Uma kuyikhathuni • Ingabayepolitiki / yosaziwayo nesithombe / yomdlali kuphela noma odumile isithombe inhlosonombhalo. sihambisane ukwehlisa isithunzi sakhe. • Imidwebo iba yihaba okungaba ikhala noma amehlo amakhulu. • Iyabhinqa noma ukulingisa ngokubhuqa. • Uma kuyikhathuni yepolitiki / yosaziwayo / yomdlali odumile inhloso ukwehlisa isithunzi sakhe. A A Umdwebo wekhomikhi UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 43 webo wekhomikhi

• Isebenzisa abalingiswa.  Isebenzisa abalingiswa. • Imayelana nezehlakalo zemihla ngemihla.  Imayelana nezehlakalo zemihla ngemihla. • Yethulwa ngamabhokisana axoxa indaba.  Yethulwa ngamabhokisana axoxa indaba. • Ivezaubuthaka Iveza ubuthakabomuntu bomuntu/ / abantu abantu abathile abathile noma noma umphakathi. umphakathi.  Inhloso ukuhlekisa, ibuye ijabulise. • Inhloso ukuhlekisa, ibuye ijabulise.  Indaba inesingeniso, umzimba nesiphetho. • Indaba inesingeniso, umzimba nesiphetho.  Iba nengwijikwebu. • Iba nengwijikwebu. 1 2 AYAHLOLA ! 2 KUYALUNGA? 3 BESE NGISHILO Okumele kuqashelwe kumakhathuni: • Umdwebo / Imidwebo iba sebhokisini. Okumele kuqashelwe kumakhathuni: • Umdwebo /zokubhala Izinhlamvu Imidwebo iba sebhokisini. ezincane zisetshenziselwa ukungcizelela okuthile.  Izinhlamvu zokubhala ezincane zisetshenziselwa ukungcizelela okuthile. • Inkulumo iba phakathi kwezibiyelo. • Kungaba nesihlokwana ezihambisana nomdwebo. 57 • Ifundisa ngemifanekiso-zithombe. • Inkulumo-mpendulwano yethula imizwa nemicabango yomlobi. 44 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

Izimpawu ezikhombisa amazwi aphinyisiwe kanye nemicabango angama kanje: • Ibhaluni elinolayini ogcwele (solid) limele inkulumo eyejwayelekile. • Ibhaluni elinolayini ongamadoti (dotted) limele ukuhebeza / ukuhleba. • Ibhaluni elinolayini odlavukile (jagged) limele ukumemeza. • Kwamanye amakhathuni amabhaluni awasetshenziswa kuba nomugqa omuncane osuka kumlingiswa uye emazwini awakhulumayo. • Ubukhulu befonti buhambelana nobukhulu bomsindo wempimiso -dlana, DLANA, DLANA. • Izimpawu ezinjenge gilobhu likagesi likhomba umbono ophusile, ifulegi noma ibheji likhomba ezombusazwe. • Isithombe simele okubonwayo. • Amagama amele amazwi. • Bheka abalingiswa kanye nesizinda. • Abalingiswa bavezwe ngendlela eyejwayelekile noma bayihaba. • Bheka isimo sobuso sabalingiswa, isimo somzimba sinabudlelwano buni nomlingiswa? • Bheka isizinda. • Ngabe ikhathuni ikhuluma ngamaqiniso noma umzekeliso? • Ngabe ulimi olusetshenzisiwe lunjani? Isilenge noma ulimi olusetsheniswa abantu abathize okuwulimi olwaziwa yibona kuphela (olungamukelekile), ijagoni noma ulimi olusetshenziswa abantu abathile. Isibonelo: abantu abafundile nolimi lwesigodi • Ngabe ikhathuni inegama elilodwa, imishwana noma imisho? Izimpawu zokuloba • Zinamthelela muni esimweni kanye nasezwini lomlingiswa • Umbabazi ophindaphindiwe (!!!) • I-elipsis (………) • Izimpawu zokufunga (*#~! @.) Ukunyakaza komzimba • Kwethulwa ngemifanekiso-zithombe, isimo sobuso kanye nezimpawu.  Intuthu /ukushunqa  Umsindo wokushutha UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 45

Umsindo Umsindo wamathonsi wamathonsi Umsindo wamathonsi Umsindo wamathonsi  Ebusuku   Ebusuku Ebusuku   Ebusuku Ebusuku Umsindo womsakazo noma umabonakude Umsindo Umsindo womsakazo Umsindo womsakazo noma womsakazo noma umabonakude noma umabonakude umabonakude Umsindo womsakazo noma umabonakude Inkulumo eyejwayelekile Inkulumo Inkulumo eyejwayelekile Inkulumo eyejwayelekile eyejwayelekile Inkulumo eyejwayelekile Umcabango Umcabango UmcabangoUmcabango Umcabango Umbono ophusile Umbono ophusile Umbono Umbono ophusile ophusile Umculo Umbono ophusile Umculo Umculo 59 59 59 Umsebenzi: 59 Umsebenzi: A msebenzi: A Kumele sizikhiphe nangelinye ilanga Kumele sizikhiphe nangelinye ilanga 46 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

B 1 3 2 Akukho okwedlula ukujabulisa unkosikazi ngezimbali! Ezakho Awu! Wenzeni-ke Uqondeni? Ngoba ngeke umyeni anike izimbali S’thandwa namhlanje … unkosikazi ngaphandle kwezinsolo? Kunuka santungwana! Ngiyaxolisa Kodwa maduze ngizothola Kuzomele S’thandwa ukuthi wenzeni Ngiyezwa uxolise-ke!! S 61 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 47

1. Funda ikhathuni A bese uphendula imibuzo Ubona ngani ukuthi kuhleli izithandani? 2. Ngabe isiphi isikhathi sosuku? Fakazela impendulo yakho. 3. Ngokucabanga kwakho kukhonani ezingilazini? Fakazela impendulo yakho. 4. Ngabe izilwane ezisetshenzisiwe ziyanemba yini? Fakazela impendulo yakho. Shono amazwi afakazela ukuthi lo wesifazane uyayithokozela lento eyenzekayo. Izimpendulo • 1 • Baxoxa beze babukane emehlweni / Bahleli basondelene. • Isimo somzimba sikhombisa ukuthi kuhleli izithandani. Indoda yinja igqoke ishethi, uthayi kanye nebhantshi, inkosikazi imvu ngoba igqoke isigqoko kanye nebhatshi elinoboya. 2. Kusebusuku ngoba bahleli ebumnyameni ukukhanya kulethwa isibani. 3. Engilazini kabhuti kukhona ugologo ngoba ingilazi imfishane, kukhona nama-ayisi kanti kwekasisi khukhona ikhokhitheyili / idilinki / unemenayidi ngoba sibona ngesambulela kanye nothi lokudonsa isiphuzo 4. Yebo ziyanemba ngoba inja imele umuntu wesilisa- inja inamandla ukuvikela umuntu wesifazane, iyazingela ukuze yondle owesifazane, iyagada ikhaya, kuba nesithunzi uma ikhona. Ikhaya liyahlonipheka. Imvu – Ithobekile / Iyahlonipha / Ubunene / Izothile/ Ayesabeki / Iyalandela ngaso sonke isikhathi / Ayikwazi ukuzimela / Iyabekezela njengoba ihlatshwa ingakhali futhi ihlala endaweni ebanda kakhulu. 5. Sizikhiphe nangelinye ilanga. 48 UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU

1. Funda ikhathuni B bese uphendula imibuzo elandelayo: 2. Ngabe wenzani umama wekhaya? Sekela impendulo yakho. 3. Ikuphi okukhombisa ukuthi ubaba kusithome sesi-2 ujabule? Sekela impendulo yakho. 4. Chaza isimo somzimba sikababa esithombeni sesi-7. 5. Imaphi amazwi akhombisa ukuthi umama akanelisekile. Ikuphi ingwijikhwebu kule khathuni? 1. Izimpendulo 2. Uyapheka ngoba ubonda ibhodwe futhi kuyashunqa. 3. Indlela ahamba ngayo unokweneliseka izandla uzishwiba emoyeni. Uyacula ngoba kunophawu lomsindo womculo. 4. Uyathetha ngoba nangu ebuka umama emehlweni futhi useze wathi ukugoba kancane okukhomba ukungcizelela. Sibona ekhomba ngomunwe kanti nengalo uyishwiba ngamawala njengoba ehlokoloza ekhomba. 5. “Kodwa maduze ngizothola ukuthi wenzeni.” Ingwijikhwebu ukuthi ubaba uyena obuye ebusuku. Wonile kodwa sekuxolisa umama. UMHLAHLANDLELA WOKUZIFUNDELA | ISIZULU 49

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