Trigonometry — Grade 12 Mathematics Notes

Comprehensive CAPS-aligned study notes for Trigonometry in Grade 12 Mathematics. Browse the sections below to find detailed explanations, worked examples, and exam preparation material.

Sections in Trigonometry

Revise: Trig Ratios

Revise: Trigonometric Ratios Trigonometry is one of the most important branches of mathematics, forming the foundation of topics like analytical geometry, calculus, and physics. Before we explore the…

Trig Ratios in All Quadrants

Trig Ratios in All Quadrants In Grade 10 and 11, you worked mostly with acute angles in right-angled triangles. In Grade 12, you need to find trigonometric ratios for any angle — including angles…

Solving Triangles with Trig

Solving Triangles with Trigonometry One of the most practical applications of trigonometry is using it to find unknown sides and angles in right-angled triangles. This skill is fundamental to many…

Using a Calculator

Using a Calculator for Trigonometry Your scientific calculator is one of your most important tools in trigonometry. Knowing how to use it correctly — and recognising when something has gone wrong —…

Special Angles

Frequently Asked Questions

What is covered in Trigonometry for Grade 12 Mathematics?

The Trigonometry section covers all key concepts from the Grade 12 Mathematics CAPS curriculum, including detailed explanations, worked examples, and exam preparation tips.

Are the Trigonometry notes free?

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How do these notes help with exam preparation?

Our Trigonometry notes are CAPS-aligned and include worked examples, common mistakes to avoid, and exam tips — everything you need to prepare for your Grade 12 Mathematics exams.

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Trigonometry: Sine, Cosine and Area Rules

Special Angles In many CAPS exam questions, you are asked to evaluate trigonometric expressions without using a calculator. To do this, you need to know the exact trigonometric values for the special…

Using Reduction Formulae

Reduction Formulae Reduction formulae allow you to express the trigonometric ratio of any angle as the ratio of an acute angle (an angle between $0°$ and $90°$). This is essential for simplifying…

Trigonometric Identities

Trigonometric Identities Trigonometric identities are equations that are true for all values of the variable (where defined). Unlike equations which are only true for specific values, identities hold…

More Trig Identities

More Trigonometric Identities Building on the fundamental quotient and square identities, this section focuses on more complex identity proofs that require advanced algebraic techniques. These proofs…

Solving Trigonometric Equations

Solving Trigonometric Equations Solving trigonometric equations is one of the most important skills in Grade 12 Mathematics. Unlike identities (which are true for all values), trigonometric equations…

More Solving Trig Equations

More Solving Trigonometric Equations Many trigonometric equations cannot be solved by simply isolating a single trig function. They first require algebraic manipulation — factoring, applying…

Compound & Double Angle Identities

Compound and Double Angle Identities Compound angle identities allow you to find the sine, cosine, or tangent of the sum or difference of two angles. Double angle identities are a special case where…

Determining x Undefined

Determining x for Which Expressions Are Undefined In trigonometry, many expressions involve fractions where trig functions appear in the denominator. When the denominator equals zero, the expression…