Life Sciences Grade 11 P1 November Mock Exam 2 2026 Memo

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 LIFE SCIENCES P1 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES RELATED TO MARKING LIFE SCIENCES 1. If more information than marks allocated is given Stop marking when the maximum marks are reached; draw a wavy line and write ‘max’ in the right-hand margin. 2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given Mark the first three only, irrespective of whether they are correct or incorrect. 3. If a whole process is given when only a part of it is required Read all of it and credit the relevant part. 4. If comparisons are asked for but descriptions are given Accept if the differences/similarities are clear. 5. If tabulation is required but paragraphs are given Candidates lose the mark for the table. 6. If diagrams with annotations are given when descriptions are required Candidates lose marks. 7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions Candidates lose marks. 8. If the sequence is muddled and links do not make sense Credit where the sequence and links are correct. Where they are incorrect, do not credit. If they become correct again, resume crediting. 9. Non-recognised abbreviations Accept if first defined in the answer; otherwise do not credit the abbreviation but credit the rest of the answer if correct. 10. Wrong numbering If the answer fits into the correct sequence of questions but the wrong number is given, it is acceptable. 11. If the language used changes the intended meaning Do not accept. 12. Spelling errors Accept if recognisable, provided it does not mean something else in Life Sciences and is not out of context. 13. If only the letter is asked for but only the name is given (and vice versa) Do not credit. 14. If units are not given in measurements Candidates lose marks; the marking guidelines allocate marks for units separately. 15. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way. 16. Caption All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have a caption. 17. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts) A single word or two in another official language should be credited if it is correct. 18. Symbols used in these marking guidelines ✓ = one mark; / = alternative answer; * = compulsory mark; (Mark first … only) = mark only the stated number of answers in the order given. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B✓✓ 1.1.2 C✓✓ 1.1.3 A✓✓ 1.1.4 C✓✓ 1.1.5 D✓✓ 1.1.6 B✓✓ 1.1.7 D✓✓ 1.1.8 A✓✓ 1.1.9 C✓✓ 1.1.10 D✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Photolysis✓ 1.2.2 Peristalsis✓ 1.2.3 Pyloric sphincter✓ 1.2.4 Haemoglobin✓ 1.2.5 (Renal) medulla✓ 1.2.6 Alcoholic fermentation✓/fermentation 1.2.7 ATP✓/adenosine triphosphate 1.2.8 Alveoli✓/alveolus (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 1.3.1 Both A and B✓✓ 1.3.2 B only✓✓ 1.3.3 Both A and B✓✓ (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 1.4.1 (a) Ureter✓ (1) (b) (Urinary) bladder✓ (1) (c) (Inferior) vena cava✓/posterior vena cava (1) 1.4.2 (a) B✓ (1) (b) F✓ (aorta) (1) 1.4.3 - Osmoregulation✓/regulating the water content of the blood - Regulating the salt/sodium ion concentration of the blood✓ - Regulating the pH of the blood✓ - Excretion of other wastes, e.g. uric acid/creatinine/excess hormones/drugs✓ Any 2 (Mark first TWO only) (2) 1.4.4 ADH✓/antidiuretic hormone (1) (8) 1.5 1.5.1 (a) Larynx✓/voice box (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines (b) Trachea✓/windpipe (1) (c) Bronchus✓/bronchi (1) 1.5.2 E✓ (1) 1.5.3 - The rings keep the trachea open✓/prevent it from collapsing - so that air can move freely to and from the lungs✓ - The open part of the ring allows the oesophagus (behind it) to expand when food is swallowed✓ Any 2 (2) 1.5.4 In the nasal cavity the air is: - warmed✓ - moistened✓ - filtered✓/dust and micro-organisms are trapped by hairs and mucus Any 2 (2) (8) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 - The rate of photosynthesis in Cabomba increases as the temperature increases✓up to an optimum temperature, and then decreases✓ OR An increase in temperature will increase✓/decrease/have no effect on the rate of photosynthesis✓in Cabomba (Any acceptable hypothesis that links temperature to the rate of photosynthesis) (2) 2.1.2 Rate of photosynthesis✓/volume of gas (oxygen) collected in 10 minutes (1) 2.1.3 - Light intensity✓/distance of the lamp (15 cm)/power of the lamp - Amount of sodium hydrogen carbonate✓/carbon dioxide (1 g) - Size/type of plant✓ - Time for collecting the gas✓/10 minutes - Volume of water✓ Any 2 (Mark first TWO only) (2) 2.1.4 To increase the reliability✓of the results (1) 2.1.5 (4,3 + 4,6 + 4,6) ÷ 3✓ = 4,5 cm3 ✓ (2) 2.1.6 (4,5 – 2,7)✓÷ 2,7 × 100✓ = 66,67%✓ (CA from QUESTION 2.1.5) (3) 2.1.7 - The enzymes that control photosynthesis✓ - are denatured✓at 50 °C - so very little photosynthesis takes place✓/little oxygen is released Any 2 (2) (13) 2.2 2.2.1 (a) Light phase✓/light-dependent phase (1) (b) Oxygen✓/O2 (1) (c) Glucose✓/C6 H12 O6 /sugar (1) 2.2.2 Stroma✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.2.3 - Light energy is absorbed/trapped by chlorophyll✓ - Some of the light energy is used to split water molecules✓into hydrogen and oxygen (photolysis) - Oxygen is released✓as a by-product - Some light energy is used to form ATP✓ - The hydrogen atoms are taken up by hydrogen carriers✓/NADP and passed to the dark phase Any 3 (3) 2.2.4 - In the dark the light phase stops✓ - so no ATP and hydrogen are supplied✓to the dark phase (2) (9) 2.3 2.3.1 (a) Outer membrane✓ (1) (b) Crista✓/cristae/inner membrane (1) 2.3.2 C✓ (1) 2.3.3 - Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion✓ - Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) enters the mitochondrion✓ - It is broken down step by step/by a series of enzyme-controlled reactions✓ - Carbon dioxide is released✓ - Hydrogen atoms are released✓and taken up by hydrogen carriers (NAD/FAD) - which carry them to the cristae/oxidative phosphorylation✓ - A small amount of ATP is formed✓ Any 4 (4) 2.3.4 Glycolysis✓ (1) 2.3.5 - Muscle cells need a lot of energy✓for contraction - Many mitochondria release more energy/ATP✓through aerobic respiration (2) (10) 2.4 2.4.1 Carbon dioxide✓/CO2 (1) 2.4.2 - Pass the gas through clear limewater✓ - The limewater turns milky✓if carbon dioxide is present OR Bubble the gas through bicarbonate indicator✓; the indicator turns yellow✓ (2) 2.4.3 - To prevent oxygen from entering the mixture✓ - so that the yeast respires anaerobically✓/fermentation takes place (2) 2.4.4 It acts as a control✓/to show that gas is only produced when sugar is present (1) 2.4.5 46 ÷ 30✓ = 1,53 cm3 per minute✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4.6 As the mass of sugar increases✓, the volume of carbon dioxide/gas produced by fermentation increases✓ OR An increase in the amount of sugar increases✓the rate of fermentation✓ (2) 2.4.7 - Another factor, e.g. the amount of yeast/enzymes/temperature, became limiting✓ - so the rate of fermentation/gas production increased less/started to level off✓as the mass of sugar increased (2) (12) 2.5 2.5.1 - Light✓(intensity/duration) - Carbon dioxide concentration✓ - Temperature✓ Any 2 (Mark first TWO only) (2) 2.5.2 - Light is no longer a limiting factor at night✓ - so photosynthesis continues for more hours each day✓ - More glucose/food is produced✓for growth (more leaves) Any 2 (2) 2.5.3 - Carbon dioxide was no longer the limiting factor✓ - Another factor, e.g. light intensity/temperature, was limiting✓ - so the rate of photosynthesis did not increase✓ Any 2 (2) (6) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 (a) Liver✓ (1) (b) Pancreas✓ (1) (c) Large intestine✓/colon (1) 3.1.2 (a) D✓ (1) (b) G✓ (1) 3.1.3 - Stores excess glucose as glycogen✓ - Deamination of excess amino acids✓/forms urea - Breaks down/detoxifies alcohol, drugs and poisons✓ - Stores vitamins (A, D, B12 ) and iron✓ - Breaks down old red blood cells✓ - Produces heat✓/makes plasma proteins/cholesterol Any 2 (Mark first TWO only) (2) 3.1.4 - Bile cannot reach the duodenum✓/small intestine - Fats will not be emulsified✓ - so there is a smaller surface area for lipase to act on✓ - and fats are digested more slowly/less fat is digested✓ - Bile also neutralises acid chyme, so lipase works less efficiently✓ Any 3 (3) 3.1.5 - Fewer villi✓ - The surface area for absorption is reduced✓ - Less digested food/fewer nutrients are absorbed✓into the blood/lacteals - so less food is available for assimilation/energy✓ - The body uses its stored fat/glycogen✓for energy, so she loses mass - Undigested/unabsorbed food passes into the large intestine and is egested✓ Any 4 (4) (14) 3.2 3.2.1 (a) Pancreas✓/islets of Langerhans (1) (b) Glucagon✓ (1) (c) Liver✓ (1) 3.2.2 - A change in the blood glucose level (the stimulus) causes a response✓ - that reverses the change/brings the level back to normal✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.3 - The insulin lowered his blood glucose level✓/converted glucose into glycogen - Because he did not eat, no glucose was absorbed✓into the blood - so his blood glucose level dropped far below normal✓(hypoglycaemia) - The brain/body cells received too little glucose for respiration/energy✓ Any 3 (3) (8) 3.3 3.3.1 The effect of the number of years of smoking on the average vital capacity of men Average vital capacity (dm3 ) 5 4 3 2 1 0 Non-smokers Less than 5 to 15 years More than 5 years 15 years Number of years of smoking Criteria Mark Correct type of graph: bar graph (T) 1 Caption includes both variables (C) 1 Correct label and unit for X-axis and Y-axis 1 (L) Appropriate scale for Y-axis; bars of equal 1 width and equally spaced (S) Drawing of bars (B): 1–3 bars drawn correctly 1 All 4 bars drawn correctly 2 If a line graph or histogram is drawn: marks will be lost for type of graph (T) and scale (S). If the axes are transposed: marks will be lost for labels (L) and scale (S). (6) 3.3.2 (4,8 – 3,2)✓÷ 4,8 × 100✓ = 33,33%✓ (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3.3 - The paralysed cilia cannot sweep the mucus✓ - with trapped dust/micro-organisms/pathogens✓ - out of the air passages✓/towards the pharynx - The mucus and pathogens collect in the bronchi/lungs✓ - where the pathogens multiply and cause infections, e.g. bronchitis/pneumonia✓ Any 3 (3) (12) 3.4 - The external intercostal muscles relax✓ - The ribs/rib cage move down and inwards✓ - The diaphragm relaxes✓and becomes dome-shaped✓/moves upwards - The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases✓ - The pressure in the lungs increases✓/becomes higher than atmospheric pressure - Air is forced out of the lungs✓ Any 4 (4) (4) 3.5 3.5.1 (a) Afferent arteriole✓ (1) (b) Glomerulus✓ (1) 3.5.2 Ultrafiltration✓/glomerular filtration/pressure filtration (1) 3.5.3 - The afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent arteriole✓ - creating a high blood pressure in the glomerulus✓that forces substances out - The glomerulus is a coiled network of many capillaries✓ - that provides a large surface area✓for filtration - The walls of the glomerular capillaries and the inner wall of the Bowman’s capsule are thin/one cell thick✓ - so substances pass through easily✓/short distance - The capillary walls have pores✓and the inner capsule wall has podocytes with slits✓that let small molecules through - The Bowman’s capsule is cup-shaped✓to surround the glomerulus and collect the filtrate✓ Any 2 x 2 (4) 3.5.4 Plasma proteins✓/blood cells/platelets (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.5.5 - The low sodium ion level is detected✓(by receptors) - The adrenal glands are stimulated to secrete more aldosterone✓ - Aldosterone is carried in the blood to the kidneys✓ - It stimulates the (distal convoluted) renal tubules to reabsorb more sodium ions✓into the blood - Less sodium is lost in the urine✓ - The sodium ion level in the blood returns to normal✓ Any 4 (4) (12) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 100 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved