Economic and Management Sciences Grade 8 P2 2026 Memo (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 8 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM SENIOR PHASE END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION GRADE 8 ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES P2 THE ECONOMY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP NOVEMBER 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 75 These marking guidelines consist of 8 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines GENERAL MARKING GUIDELINES 1. One tick (✓) = one mark. In explanations, two ticks (✓✓) are given for a fully developed point; award ONE mark for a correct but incomplete point. 2. These guidelines are not exhaustive. Accept any other relevant and correct answer, also answers in the learner’s own words. 3. Where a question asks for ONE (or TWO) answers, mark only the FIRST one (or FIRST two) given. 4. Spelling errors are not penalised if the meaning is clear. In Section A, accept the letter OR the full correct answer. 5. Calculations: award marks for the correct method even if there is a calculation error (consistent accuracy, CA). Correct answer with no working: full marks. COGNITIVE LEVELS (approximate): Lower order (knowledge and recall) 30 marks (40%); middle order (comprehension and application) 31 marks (41%); higher order (analysis, evaluation and problem solving) 14 marks (19%). Question Topic (CAPS Grade 8) Marks Term 1 All topics (short questions) 15 1–4 2 The economy: government, national budget, taxes 16 1 3 The economy: standard of living; markets 14 1, 4 4 Entrepreneurship: factors of production; forms of 18 2, 3 ownership 5 Entrepreneurship: levels, tasks and styles of 12 4 management TOTAL 75 Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: ALL TOPICS QUESTION 1 1.1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.1.1 A✓ collecting taxes (1) 1.1.2 C✓ local government (municipality) (1) 1.1.3 B✓ an indirect tax (1) 1.1.4 C✓ laissez-faire (1) 1.1.5 B✓ sole trader (1) (5 x 1) [5] 1.2 MATCHING ITEMS 1.2.1 I ✓ (Inflation) (1) 1.2.2 E ✓ (National budget) (1) 1.2.3 A ✓ (Shareholders) (1) 1.2.4 B ✓ (Factor market) (1) 1.2.5 H ✓ (Dividends) (1) (5 x 1) [5] 1.3 CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD 1.3.1 national ✓ (1) 1.3.2 skilled ✓ (1) 1.3.3 Ltd ✓ (1) 1.3.4 self-sufficient ✓ (1) 1.3.5 Minister of Finance ✓ (1) (5 x 1) [5] TOTAL SECTION A: 15 Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines SECTION B: THE ECONOMY QUESTION 2: GOVERNMENT AND THE NATIONAL BUDGET 2.1.1 National government ✓ (Department of Home Affairs) 2.1.2 Provincial government ✓ (provincial Department of Health) 2.1.3 Local government/municipality ✓ (3) 2.2.1 R2 400 bn − (480 + 420 + 300 + 270 + 260 + 240 + 90) ✓ = R2 400 bn − R2 060 bn = R340 billion ✓ (1 mark for the method; 1 mark for the answer. Correct answer only: 2 marks.) (2) 480 100 2.2.2 × ✓ = 20% ✓ 2 400 1 (1 mark for the method; 1 mark for the answer. CA from wrong total.) (2) 2.2.3 Function: Learning and culture (education) ✓ Reason (any ONE, explained) ✓✓: • Education is a basic right in the Constitution, so the government must provide schools, teachers and textbooks for millions of learners. • Education develops skills, which increases the number of skilled workers and reduces unemployment and poverty in the long run. • An educated population helps the economy to grow (higher productivity) and improves people’s standard of living. • It redresses (fixes) the inequalities of the past, e.g. no-fee schools, school nutrition programme, NSFAS bursaries. (Accept any other relevant answer.) (3) 2.2.4 • Older persons/pensioners (old-age grant) ✓ • Children from poor families (child-support grant) ✓ • People with disabilities (disability grant) • Foster children/foster parents (foster-care grant) • Unemployed people (social relief of distress grant) • Poor households/vulnerable people Any TWO. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.1 A direct tax is a tax that is paid directly to the government (SARS) ✓ by the person or business on whom it is levied, based on their income, profit or wealth. ✓ OR: A tax on the income/profit of people and businesses ✓✓, e.g. personal income tax. (2) 2.3.2 (a) Direct tax ✓ (b) Indirect tax ✓ (2) [16] Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3: STANDARD OF LIVING AND MARKETS 3.1 Family 1: Self-sufficient ✓ Family 2: Rural ✓ Family 3: Modern ✓ (3) 3.2 Unemployment is when people who are able and willing to work ✓ and who are actively looking for work cannot find a job. ✓ (2) 3.3 • Open land/natural vegetation is destroyed, so plants and animals lose their habitat (loss of biodiversity). ✓✓ • The factory may release waste/chemicals into the river, which pollutes the water and harms people, animals and fish. ✓✓ • Smoke/gases from the factory and more traffic cause air pollution (and contribute to climate change). • More litter and waste are produced at the shopping centre, which leads to land pollution. • Noise pollution from the factory, trucks and shoppers. • More water and electricity are used, which puts pressure on scarce natural resources. • Concrete and tar surfaces increase run-off and the risk of flooding next to the river. Any TWO, explained. (2 x 2) (Accept any other relevant answer.) (4) 3.4 • Provide skills training/education (e.g. TVET colleges, learnerships, bursaries) so that people can find jobs. ✓✓ • Support small businesses and entrepreneurs with loans/grants so that they can create jobs. • Create public works programmes (e.g. building roads, cleaning projects) that employ people. • Attract (foreign) investment/give tax incentives to businesses that employ more workers. • Spend more on infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water, which creates jobs. Any ONE, explained. Do NOT accept “build factories”. (Accept any other relevant answer.) (2) 3.5.1 Goods market ✓ 3.5.2 Factor market ✓ 3.5.3 Factor market ✓ (3) [14] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines SECTION C: ENTREPRENEURSHIP QUESTION 4: FACTORS OF PRODUCTION AND FORMS OF OWNERSHIP 4.1 Partnership ✓ (1) 4.2 Factor of production Reward (a) Entrepreneurship (accept: Profit ✓ entrepreneur) ✓ (b) Natural resources/land ✓ Rent ✓ (c) Capital ✓ Interest ✓ (d) Labour ✓ Wages/salaries ✓ (4 x 2) Mark the reward even if the factor is wrong, as long as the reward matches the factor that the learner gave (CA). (8) 4.3 (a) Chef: Skilled ✓ (b) Cooks: Semi-skilled ✓ (c) Cleaners: Unskilled ✓ (3) 4.4 Advantage (any ONE) ✓: • More capital is available, because two owners contribute (savings of both partners). • The work, responsibilities and decisions are shared between the partners (the agreement sets out the duties of each). • Partners bring different skills, knowledge and ideas. • Easy and cheap to start; few legal requirements. • Profits do not have to be published/shared with outsiders. Disadvantage (any ONE) ✓: • Unlimited liability – the partners are personally responsible for the debts of the business; Bongani had to sell his own car to pay the R150 000 claim. • Profits must be shared (equally) between the partners. • Partners may disagree, which can lead to conflict. • Lack of continuity – the partnership ends if a partner dies or leaves. Accept any correct disadvantage of a partnership. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines 4.5 • Limited liability: the company is a separate legal person, so the owners (shareholders) will not lose their personal possessions (e.g. Bongani’s car) if the business cannot pay a claim; they can only lose the money that they invested. ✓✓ • Continuity: the company continues to exist even if one of the owners dies or leaves the business. ✓✓ • More capital: the company can sell shares to more people (privately, not to the public) to raise more money to grow the business. • The company looks more trustworthy/professional, so it is easier to get loans and big contracts (e.g. catering for large events). • Shareholders can transfer their shares (with the permission of the other shareholders). Any TWO, explained. (2 x 2) (Accept any other relevant answer.) (4) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 5: LEVELS, TASKS AND STYLES OF MANAGEMENT 5.1 A: Top management ✓ B: Middle management ✓ C: Lower management (accept: lower-level/first-line/supervisory management) ✓ (3) 5.2.1 Planning ✓ 5.2.2 Organising ✓ 5.2.3 Leading (accept: directing/leadership/motivating) ✓ 5.2.4 Controlling ✓ (4) 5.3.1 Autocratic management style (accept: dictatorial/authoritarian) ✓ (1) 5.3.2 • In an emergency/crisis (e.g. a fire or robbery at the store), when quick decisions must be made. ✓✓ • When workers are new, untrained or inexperienced and need clear instructions (e.g. new cashiers on their first day). • When a task must be finished urgently/before a strict deadline (e.g. on a very busy month-end day). • When rules for safety or the handling of cash must be followed exactly. Any ONE situation, described. (Accept any other relevant answer.) (2) 5.4 • Good communication skills ✓ • Good leader who motivates and inspires staff ✓ • Able to make (quick, sound) decisions • Honest, fair and trustworthy • Good planner and well organised • Knowledge of/expert in the field • Good people (human-relations) skills; listens to workers • Uses the right management style for each situation Any TWO. (2 x 1) (2) [12] TOTAL SECTION C: 30 TOTAL: 75 Copyright reserved