Economic and Management Sciences Grade 8 P2 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 8 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM SENIOR PHASE END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION GRADE 8 ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES P2 THE ECONOMY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP NOVEMBER 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 75 TIME: 1½ hours This question paper consists of 9 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. This question paper consists of THREE sections and covers the Grade 8 Economy and Entrepreneurship work of the whole year. SECTION A: ALL TOPICS QUESTION 1.1: Multiple-choice questions (5) QUESTION 1.2: Matching items (5) QUESTION 1.3: Choose the correct word (5) [15] SECTION B: THE ECONOMY QUESTION 2: Government and the national budget (16) QUESTION 3: Standard of living and markets (14) [30] SECTION C: ENTREPRENEURSHIP QUESTION 4: Factors of production and forms of ownership (18) QUESTION 5: Levels, tasks and styles of management (12) [30] 2. ALL questions are compulsory. 3. Answer ALL the questions on the ANSWER SHEETS (folio paper) provided. Write your name and class at the top of every answer sheet. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. Use the mark allocation as a guide to the length of your answers. 6. You may use a non-programmable calculator. Show ALL calculations. 7. All businesses, people and figures in the case studies are fictional (examiner’s own). 8. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase Mock SECTION A: ALL TOPICS QUESTION 1 1.1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.5) on your answer sheet, e.g. 1.1.6 D. 1.1.1 The South African Revenue Service (SARS) is responsible for … A collecting taxes. B printing money. C paying social grants. D building schools. (1) 1.1.2 Which level of government is responsible for removing refuse (rubbish) and supplying water to homes in a town? A National government B Provincial government C Local government (municipality) D Parliament (1) 1.1.3 Value-added tax (VAT), which consumers pay when they buy goods in a shop, is an example of … A a direct tax. B an indirect tax. C personal income tax. D company tax. (1) 1.1.4 A manager who gives workers a task and then leaves them to decide for themselves how to do it, with very little supervision, uses the … management style. A autocratic B democratic C laissez-faire D bureaucratic (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase Mock 1.1.5 A form of ownership in which ONE person owns the business, takes all the profit and has unlimited liability for its debts, is a … A partnership. B sole trader. C private company. D public company. (1) (5 x 1) [5] 1.2 MATCHING ITEMS Choose a term in COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–I) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) on your answer sheet, e.g. 1.2.6 J. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 A general increase in the prices of goods and A Shareholders services over time 1.2.2 A plan that shows the expected income and B Factor market expenditure of the government for the next financial year 1.2.3 The owners of a company C Lower-level management 1.2.4 The market in which households sell their D Poverty land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship to businesses 1.2.5 The part of a company’s profit that is paid out to E National budget the shareholders F Goods market G Top management H Dividends I Inflation (5 x 1) [5] 1.3 CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets. Write only the word(s) next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) on your answer sheet, e.g. 1.3.6 profit. 1.3.1 The South African Police Service and the army are the responsibility of the (national/provincial) government. (1) 1.3.2 A qualified teacher is an example of (skilled/semi-skilled) labour. (1) 1.3.3 The name of a public company must end with the letters (Ltd/(Pty) Ltd). (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase Mock 1.3.4 People in a (self-sufficient/modern) society produce most of the things that they need by themselves. (1) 1.3.5 Every year the national budget is presented to Parliament by the (President/Minister of Finance). (1) (5 x 1) [5] TOTAL SECTION A: 15 SECTION B: THE ECONOMY QUESTION 2: GOVERNMENT AND THE NATIONAL BUDGET 2.1 South Africa has three levels (spheres) of government. Name the level of government (national, provincial or local) that is responsible for each of the following services: 2.1.1 Issuing identity documents and passports 2.1.2 Running public hospitals 2.1.3 Maintaining the streetlights in a town (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase Mock 2.2 Study the graph below, which shows how the South African government might plan to spend its budget for the 2026/27 financial year (fictional figures), and answer the questions that follow. PLANNED SPENDING 2026/27: TOTAL R2 400 BILLION Learning and culture 480 Social development 420 Debt-service costs ? Health 300 Community development 270 Economic development 260 Peace and security 240 General public services 90 0 100 200 300 400 500 Amount (R billion) [Examiner’s own graph; fictional figures. Note: The bar for debt-service costs has not been drawn.] 2.2.1 Calculate the amount that will be spent on debt-service costs (the interest on money that the government has borrowed). (2) 2.2.2 Calculate the percentage of the total budget that will be spent on learning and culture. (2) 2.2.3 Identify the function that receives the largest allocation AND explain why the government spends so much on this function. (3) 2.2.4 Name TWO groups of people who benefit from the money spent on social development. (2) 2.3 The government receives most of its income from taxes. 2.3.1 Define the term direct tax. (2) 2.3.2 Classify each of the following taxes as a direct tax or an indirect tax: (a) Personal income tax (b) The fuel levy included in the price of petrol (2) [16] Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase Mock QUESTION 3: STANDARD OF LIVING AND MARKETS Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. THREE WAYS OF LIVING Family 1: The Ndlovu family lives far from any town. They build their own home from mud and thatch, grow all their own maize and vegetables, keep goats and fetch water from a river. They seldom use money. Family 2: The Mokoena family lives in a village in the Free State. They farm on a small piece of land and sell their extra vegetables at the market in the nearest town, where they also buy some of their groceries. Family 3: The Pillay family lives in a flat in Durban. Both parents work in offices, the children use laptops for school, and the family buys everything that it needs in shopping centres. Close to the city, a company plans to build a new factory and a large shopping centre on open land next to a river. The project is expected to create 800 jobs in an area where many people do not have work. [Examiner’s own extract; the families and the company are fictional] 3.1 Classify the way of living of each family (1, 2 and 3) as self-sufficient, rural or modern. (3) 3.2 Define the term unemployment. (2) 3.3 Explain TWO negative effects that the new factory and shopping centre could have on the environment. (4) 3.4 Suggest ONE way, other than building factories, in which the government can help to reduce unemployment in South Africa. (2) 3.5 Indicate whether each of the following activities takes place in the goods market or in the factor market: 3.5.1 Mrs Pillay buys school shoes for her children at a shopping centre. 3.5.2 Mr Mokoena rents out part of his land to a neighbour who wants to grow sunflowers. 3.5.3 A builder is employed by the new factory and earns a weekly wage. (3) [14] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase Mock SECTION C: ENTREPRENEURSHIP QUESTION 4: FACTORS OF PRODUCTION AND FORMS OF OWNERSHIP Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow. KASI KITCHEN CATERERS Lerato Mahlangu and Bongani Zulu are the two owners of Kasi Kitchen Caterers in Soweto. They share the profits equally, and they signed an agreement that sets out the duties of each owner. They prepare food for weddings, funerals and school functions. Lerato and Bongani rent a piece of land from Mr Dube, on which they put up a container kitchen. They bought stoves, fridges and pots with R60 000 of their own savings and a R40 000 loan from a bank. They employ a qualified chef with a diploma in food preparation, two cooks who completed a short cooking course, and three cleaners who were trained on the job in one day. Last year a client sued the business for R150 000 after food poisoning at a wedding. The business did not have enough money, so Bongani had to sell his own car to pay the debt. The owners now plan to change the business into a private company. [Examiner’s own case study] 4.1 Identify the form of ownership of Kasi Kitchen Caterers at present. (1) 4.2 Copy the table below onto your answer sheet. Complete the table by identifying the factor of production represented by each item AND the reward (remuneration) for that factor. Item from the case study Factor of Reward production (a) Lerato and Bongani, who took the risk to start the business (b) The piece of land rented from Mr Dube (c) The stoves, fridges and pots (d) The chef, cooks and cleaners (4 x 2) (8) 4.3 Classify the labour of each of the following workers as skilled, semi-skilled or unskilled: (a) the chef, (b) the cooks, (c) the cleaners. (3) 4.4 State ONE advantage AND ONE disadvantage of the present form of ownership of Kasi Kitchen Caterers. (2) 4.5 Lerato and Bongani want to change the business into a private company. Explain TWO ways in which this change will benefit the owners. Refer to the case study where possible. (4) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over

EMS/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 Senior Phase Mock QUESTION 5: LEVELS, TASKS AND STYLES OF MANAGEMENT Study the diagram of the management of FreshMart Supermarket, Mthatha, and answer the questions that follow. A General manager and the owners Bakery manager, butchery manager, B finance manager Till supervisors and shelf-packing C supervisors Workers (cashiers, shelf packers, bakers, cleaners) [Examiner’s own diagram; the supermarket is fictional] 5.1 Identify the levels of management labelled A, B and C. (3) 5.2 The general manager of FreshMart made the following statements. Name the management task (function) described in each statement. 5.2.1 “We have decided to open a second branch in Butterworth by 2028.” 5.2.2 “I have divided the staff into two shifts and given each department its own tasks.” 5.2.3 “Every Monday morning I motivate the staff and guide them on how to serve customers.” 5.2.4 “At the end of each month I compare our sales with our targets.” (4) 5.3 Mr Gqola, a till supervisor, tells the cashiers exactly what to do and how to do it. He makes all the decisions himself and does not listen to suggestions from the cashiers. 5.3.1 Identify the management style used by Mr Gqola. (1) 5.3.2 Describe ONE situation in which this management style would be the best one to use. (2) 5.4 Name TWO qualities (characteristics) of a good manager. (2) [12] TOTAL SECTION C: 30 TOTAL: 75 Copyright reserved