ISIXHOSA CLA SELF STUDY GUIDE 2018 final

ISIKHOKELO SOKUZIFUNDELA UKUKHULISA UKUQAPHELA NGELISO ELIBUKHALI UKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI (CLA) ISIXHOSA ULWIMI LWASEKHAYA ULWIMI OLONGEZELELWEYO LOKUQALA ULWIMI OLONGEZELELWEYO LWESIBILI AMABANGA 10-12 2019 Second Chance Matric Support Programme

ISIKHOKELO SOKUZIFUNDELA UKUKHULISA UKUQAPHELA NGELISO ELIBUKHALI UKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI (CLA) AMABANGA 10-12 IILWIMI EZISEMTHETHWENI ULWIMI LWASEKHAYA ULWIMI OLONGEZELELWEYO LOKUQALA ULWIMI OLONGEZELELWEYO LWESIBINI 2018 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 1

ISIQULATHO 1. UKWAZISA NGOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI OLUQAPHELAKA NGELISO 4 ELIBUKHALI (Critical Language Awareness – CLA). 1.1 Yintoni umgqalisela wokusetyenziswa kolwimi? 4 1.2 Yintoni ubunzululwazi beengcinga? 5 1.3 Yintoni intetha (discourse)? 5 1.4 Yintoni injongo yokufundiswa komgqalisela wokusetyenziswa kolwimi? 5 1.5 Kujolise kweyiphi imiba ukuqaphela ngeliso elibukhali ukusetyenziswa kolwimi? 6 2. UKUHAMBELANA KOLWIMI NAMAGUNYA 7 2.1 Yintoni injongo yokufundisa ngonxulumano phakathi kolwimi namagunya? 7 2.2 Ukuhambelana kolwimi namagunya 8 2.3 Unxulumano phakathi kolwimi namagunya 8 2.4 Iitekisi ezingasetyenziswa xa kufundwa ngolwimi namagunya 9 2.4.1 Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwamagunya kwiitekisi ezahlukileyo 9 2.4.2 Ulwimi ,amagunya nezibhengezo-ntengiso 10 2.4.3 Ulwimi, amagunya namajelo eendaba 10 2.4.4 Ukufundiswa nokuhlolwa kolwimi kunye namagunya 11 2.4.5 Indima edlalwa zizakhiwo zolwimi ekusebenziseni igunya 11 2.4.6 Ukuthetha ngembeko 13 2.4.7 Imida yokuthetha ngembeko 14 2.4.8 Intetho yeengcali neengcaphephe 16 2.4.9 Ubudlelwane phakathi kwegunya nencoko 16 3. ULWIMI OLUCENGAYO, OLULUKUHLAYO, OLUCHUKUMISAYO, 18 OLUKHETHA ICALA, UBUNGQONDO-LUKHUNI, UKUQAL’UGWEBE UNGAWAVELELANGA ONKE AMACALA NOKUCALU-CALULA 3.1 Inkcazelo ngokucenga nokulukuhla 18 3.2 Indawo ekusetyenziswa kuyo ulwimi oluqhathayo 19 3.3 Umsebenzi wokuzilungiselela 19 3.4 Ubuchule bolwimi oluqhathayo / olucengayo 19 3.5 Ulwimi oluchukumisayo 21 3.6 Ulwimi oluqhathayo kwizibhengezo-ntengiso 22 3.6.1 Iimpawu zentengiso ephumeleleyo / esemgangathweni 23 3.6.2 Amagama aqhathayo asetyenziswa kwintengiso 24 3.6.3 Ingcaciso yamanye amagama aqhathayo nokusetyenziswa kwawo kwizibhengezo 24 3.7 Ukukekelela kwicala elithile, ubungqondo lukhuni ukuqala ugwebe, ucalucalulo 32 4. ULUVO NENYANI 37 5. UKUZICINGELA, INGQIKELELO, IMPIKISWANO 40 5.1 Ukuzicingela 40 5.2 Ukuzicingela okuhambisana nobungqina okanye ukungabi nabungqina 41 5.3 Ukuqikelela 41 5.4 Impikiswano 42 6 IMVELAPHI YETEKISI NOMBHALI NGOKWEZENTLALO, EZOPOLITIKO 45 NENKCUBEKO 6.1 Wazi ntoni ngemvelaphi yetekisi nombhali ngokwezentlalo, ezopolitiko nenkcubeko? 45 6.2 Yintoni imeko yenkcubeko? 45 6.3 Yintoni ubume bembali / bentlalo yezopolitiko? 46 6.4 Imvelaphi yemo ntlalo yezopolitiko yombhali inefuthe kwiimbono zakhe nesimbo sokubhala 46 2 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

7. IINTLOBO ZOLWIMI 49 7.1 Iilwimi zengingqi 51 7.2 Yintoni irejista? 51 7.3 Irejista engekho sesikweni: Ulwimi olungandilisekanga nesleng 52 7.4 Ijagon 53 7.5 Ulwimi, igunya nerejista 54 7.6 Isimbo 54 8. UNXULUMANO PHAKATHI KOLWIMI NENKCUBEKO 54 8.1 Yintoni inkcubeko? 54 9. IITEKISI EZIBONWAYO NONXIBELELWANO OLUNGELULO OLOMLOMO 58 9.1 Unxibelelwano olungelulo olomlomo (ulwimi lomzimba) 62 9.2 Ulwimi lomzimba okanye iintshukumo zomzimba 63 10. ISIHLOMELELO 1: Isikhokelo semibuzo eyintlanganisela sokuhlalutya nzulu 69 iitekisi zomlomo okanye ezibhaliweyo 11. ISIHLOMELELO 2: Imizekelo yemibuzo encedisa abafundi ukujonga ulwimi 69 kwitekisi abayifundayo. 12 ULUHLU LWEENCWADI EZISETYENZISIWEYO 70 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 3

1 UKWAZISA NGOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI OLUQAPHELEKA NGELISO 1 UKWAZISA ELIBUKHALI NGOKUSETYENZISWA KOLWIMI (Critical Language OLUQAPHELEKA NGELISO Awareness – CLA) ELIBUKHALI 1.1 (Critical Yintoni Language umgqalisela Awareness – CLA) wokusetyenziswa kolwimi? Umgqalisela wokusetyenziswa kolwimi umalunga nokuvuselela ingqwalaselo/ 1.1 Yintoni umgqalisela wokusetyenziswa unonophelo kolwimi? nendima ebalulekileyo edlalwa lulwimi kwimo-ntlalo / kubomi basesikolweni. kolwimi Umgqalisela wokusetyenziswa Inkcazelo kaFairclough umalunga malungaingqwalaselo/ nokuvuselela nalo mgqalisela unonophelo nendima wokusetyenziswa kolwimi ibandakanya indlela abantu abalusebenzisa ngayo ebalulekileyo edlalwa lulwimi kwimo-ntlalo / kubomi basesikolweni. Inkcazelo kaFairclough malunga nalo mgqalisela ulwimi wokusetyenziswa kolwimi olutshintshayo ibandakanya indlela bengaqondanga, abantu ngamagunya noluxhotyiswe abalusebenzisa ngayo ulwimi olutshintshayo bengaqondanga, noluxhotyiswe ngamagunya aphathalele kwinkqubo aphathalele kwinkqubo yendlela abacinga ngayo abantu abathile yendlela abacinga ngayo (2005). abantu abathile (2005). Igama umgqalisela alibhekisi kwimeko emandundu, koko kukuqaphela into ngeliso Igama umgqalisela elibukhali, alibhekisi unonophelo kwimeko nocingo-nzulu emandundu, / ukuhlab’amadlala. koko kukuqaphela into ngeliso elibukhali, unonophelo nocingo-nzulu / Olu fundo nzulu ngolwimi lubangela abafundi baqonde ukuba ulwimi ukuhlab’amadlala. alusetyenziswa nje, lubandakanya izigqibo malunga nokhetho-magama, Olu fundo nzulu ngolwimi lubangela abafundi baqonde ukuba ulwimi alusetyenziswa nje, lubandakanya imigaqo yolwimi, ulwimi lwengingqi, intetha, imo njl njl. kwaye ezi zigqibo izigqibo malunga nokhetho-magama, imigaqo yolwimi, ulwimi lwengingqi, intetha, imo njl njl. kwaye ezi zigqibo zisekelezwe zisekelezwe kwizizathu. kwizizathu. Jonga Jonga umzobo ongezantsi: umzobo ongezantsi: Ukhetho lwemo echanekileyo Ibandakanya ukhetho- yokusetyenziswa magama kolwimi Ukhetho lwemo yentetha CLA Ibandakanya ukhetho lwerejista Ibandakanya ukhetho magama: Iqela elixhobileyo lingabonwa njengabavukeli- mbuso okanye abalweli benkululeko kuyakuxhomekeka kwicala 5 ubani akulo. Ukhetho lwemo yentetha: Umz: ingxelo-ntetho ingasetyenziswa ukufihla iinyani zokunikezela igunya kwinkcazo umz: kulahleke iiponti ezilishumi zezigidi. Singabuza zilahlwe ngubani, bekutheni, njani? Ingasetyenziswa ukukhuthaza, ingakhuthaza abantu ukuba benze izinto ngendlela ethile. Ukhetho lwemo echanekileyo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi: Umz: Izibhengezo ntengiso zisoloko zisebenzisa ulwimi olufikelelekayo, ilizwi elinethoni eqhelekileyo. (‘Sikukhathalele’) Loo nto ingabangela ukuba abathengi bayibone ibalulekile kakhulu imveliso kwimpilo yabo. 4 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Ibandakanya ukhetho lwerejista: Ingaveza amalungelo omntu kwincoko. Umz: kudliwano-ndlebe apho kukho umntu omnye onelungelo lokubuza imibuzo 1.2 Yintoni ubunzululwazi beengcinga? Yingqokelela yeenkolelo ezisekelezwe kumntu okanye kwiqela elithile. Ezi ngcingane ziyinxalenye yeenkolelo kwaye zinceda kananjalo ekusekweni kwenkcubeko, uluntu, okanye izimvo zeqela lelizwe. Ubunzululwazi beengcinga kulapho uluntu lwabelana khona ngazo kunye nenkcubeko nesoloko ithathwa njengegqugqisayo neqhelekileyo jikelele. Le ndlela bacinga ngayo abantu abathile (iinzululwazi-ngcinga) iye incedise ekuqulunqweni /ekwakheni/ ekuxonxweni kwaye kugudiswe iindlela esicinga ngazo ngoluntu, ilizwe kunye nabantu abakulo. Imizekelo yobunzululwazi beengcinga: Ubukomanisi: Buphuhlisa intlanganisela yokulawulwa kwezinto ngumbutho omnye/ othile wopolitiko nolawulo lwamaxwebhu amalunga nezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Feminizm: Iphehlelela/ ibethelela ulingano kumanina, ngokwezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nezopolitiko. Iphinde ibandakanye amalungelo oomama, ngakumbi lawo angesizalo. Ubunzululwazi-ngcinga ngokwesini: Ziingcinga ezinxulumene neemeko zovakalelo zamadoda okanye amanina, indawo yabo, amalungelo nenxaxheba kuluntu. Ubuwena bumalunga nenzuzo exabisekileyo ubani ayifumanayo kunye nokujolisa ekuzaneliseni nasekukhululekeni. Ulingano ngokwamathuba ubani awafumanayo: Kunqwenelwa ukusiphula neengcambu ucalucalulo olujolise kwiminyaka, isini, ibala, uhlanga, imvelaphi ngokobuzwe, inkolo, ukukhubazeka ngokwemo (ngokomzimba okanye ngokwengqondo). “Bonke abantu banelungelo lokuba baphathwe ngokulinganayo”. Imigomo emalunga nomsebenzi, ingqokelela yeenkolelo ezijolise kubulungisa, ukubalasela emsebenzini kunye nendlela umsebenzi okhokelela ngawo kwisimo esomeleleyo. Unqulo/ inkolo: Yindlela abantu abathile abacinga ngayo neye yahluke ngokwenkolo yomntu ngamnye. Amanye amakholwa alandela ngokuchanekileyo okanye ngokuthe tse yonke imigaqo efunekayo ngelixa abanye bezikhethela oko bakubona kubalulekile kubo. Ezinye iingcingane zihambelana nokuzicingela okujolise kwindawo akuyo umntu, umzekelo abantu abasemaphandleni okanye emagqagaleni bangabelana ngeenkolelo ezimalunga nokhuseleko lwezilwanyana (indalo), ukanti abantu abasedolophini bona bacinge kwaye bafunde ngokhuseleko ekuweleni imigaqo yendlela. 1.3 Yintoni intetha? (discourse) “Yindlela oluthi ulwimi lusetyenziswe ngayo ekuhlaleni ukudlulisa intsingiselo yembali ebanzi. Lulwimi oluchongwe ngokwemo-ntlalo nendlela olusetyenziswa ngayo, nokuba lusetyenziswa ngubani kweyiphi imeko. Ulwimi lusoloko lukekelele caleni lithile kuba luhlanganisa ubomi babantu buqu nemo-ntlalo”. (Frances Hendry and Caro tator, Discourse of Domination. Univ. Of Toronto Press, 2002) 1.4 Yintoni injongo yokufundiswa komgqaliselo wokusetyenziswa kolwimi? Ukukhulisa ukuqaphela ngeliso elibukhali ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kwenza oku kulandelayo: • Ukufundiswa nokufunda ulwimi koyolulwa kube ngaphaya kolwazi lwetekisi olukukuphuhliswa kwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi kuphela, abafundi kufuneka baxhotyiswe malunga nokuqaphela kunye nokumelana nolwimi olusetyenziswe ngenjongo yokuqhatha kwanokusebenzisa ulwimi ngendlela echubekileyo. • Yakha unxibelelwano phakathi komsebenzi waseklasini kunye nolwimi olusetyenziswa ekuhlaleni nakwiimeko zopolitiko. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 5

• Yakha kwaye icingisa nzulu ngaxeshanye ukuba osebenzisa ulwimi ungumni, amagunya akhe kwakunye nobunzululwazi beengcinga. • Ifundisa abafundi ukuba ulwimi alusetyenziselwa ukwabelana ngezimvo kuphela, koko luyasetyenziswa nangeenjongo zokulawula nokuphembelela iindlela zabo zokucinga nokwenza. Inxulunyaniswa rhoqo nokunye okufana nokuba abantu abasoloko besazi ngamagunya, ubunzululwazi bezimvo, ubuni, udidi lwabantu, isini nemvelaphi ngokwebala, ukuthatha icala, ukuqala ugwebe phambi kokuba uve amacala amabini, ucalucalulo, ingcinga ebethelelekileyo/ ubungqondo lukhuni, njalo njalo; ize ifundise indlela yokuhlalutya iitekisi ngenjongo yokuqaphela injongo yombhali yokwenza iziganeko nokuchonga abalinganiswa. • Ifundisa abafundi iindlela zokubumba iitekisi ungasebenzisanga iindlela ezibonisa ingcinga ebethelelekileyo kwanokuphicotha itekisi uyihlab’ amadlala ukuze uthathe intshukumo yokwenza ngcono ingomso. • Ikhulisa ulwazi lwabafundi lokuqaphela iimeko zentlalo, zenkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko eziyintsusa yetekisi. • Ikhulisa iphucule ukucinga nzulu umzekelo: kumanqaku ephephandaba, izibhengezo-ntengiso kunye neefilim. • Iphucula unxibelelwano, ukuqonda imo-ntlalo njengokuba umamele ngobuchule izinto ezithethwayo ucinge nzulu phambi kokuba uthethe okanye ubhale. 1.5 Kujolise kweyiphi imiba ukuqaphela ngeliso elibukhali ukusetyenziswa kolwimi? Abafundi mabasebenzise ulwimi oluthethwayo nolubhalwayo ukuze bakwazi ukujonga indlela olusetyenziswa ngayo ulwimi ukulawula nokuphembelela iimbono zoluntu kwihlabathi phantsi koku kuboniswa ngezantsi: Nangona le miba ixoxwa ngokuzimela kodwa inobudlelwano. Umzekelo xa abantu besebenzisa amagunya abo basebenzisa ulwimi olucengayo, oluthatha icala nengcinga ebethelelekileyo. Ukhetho magama luxhomekeka kwimo-ntlalo yenkcubeko, imvelaphi yezopolitiko nabantu ekujoliswe kubo. Ingqwalasela xa sijonge kule miba isekubeni ulwimi lusetyenziswa njani ukudlulisa umyalezo, igunya, ukubonisa iyantlukwana kwisini nobudala. 6 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Ulwimi nenkcubeko Iintlobo zolwimi: Ukutolikwa kweetekisi olukhethekileyo, ezibonwayo olungekho sesikweni kunye nerejista esesikweni Izimvo kunye nenyaniso Imo ntlalo yezopolitiko kunye nemvelaphi yenkcubeko yeetekisi kunye nombhali Imiba yokuqaphela ngeliso elibukhali Ulwimi olucengayo/ ukusetyenziswa oluqhathayo kunye kolwimi. nolwimi oluchukumisayo Ukuzicingela, ukuqikelela neengxoxo Ubudlelwane phakathi kolwimi Ukukhetha icala , ukuqala negunya ugwebe phambi kokuba Injongo neziphumo uve,ucalucalulo, neengcinga zokukhetha ezibethelelekileyo /ukushiya nokuzicingela kwintsingiselo 2 2 UKUHAMBELANA KOLWIMI UKUHAMBELANA NAMAGUNYA KOLWIMI NAMAGUNYA 2.1 Yintoni injongo yokufundisa ngonxulumano phakathi kolwimi 2.1 Yintoni injongo yokufundisa ngonxulumano phakathi kolwimi namagunya? namagunya? Nanjengoko kuxeliwe kwicandelo 1.2 iCLA ifundisa abafundi iindlela zokuhlalutya iitekisi ngenjongo Nanjengoko kuxeliwe kwicandelo 1.2 iCLA ifundisa abafundi iindlela yokuqaphela abayili bazo, ukuyila izehlo kunye nabantu. Abafundi baya kufunda kwakhona ukuba ulwimi zokuhlalutya lusetyenziselwa iitekisinokulukuhla ukulawula ngenjongo yokuqaphela kwanokuba abayili abafundi bazo, bakwazi ukuyila ukuyila iitekisizehlo kunyeizikrweqe besebenzisa ezinamandla nabantu.ezifana nolwimibaya Abafundi oluchukumisayo. Ngeli xeshaukuba kufunda kwakhona baphepha ukusebenzisa ulwimi ulwimi olunika ingcinga lusetyenziselwa ecalanye, nengcinga ebethelelekileyo engeyonyaniso. ukulawula nokulukuhla kwanokuba abafundi bakwazi ukuyila iitekisi Injongo yokufundisa ulwimi besebenzisa namagunya izikrweqe kukuqondisa ezinamandla abafundi ezifana indlelaoluchukumisayo. nolwimi ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngayo ukubonisa Ngeli amandla olwimi, iimbumba zeembono kwiitekisi zomlomo ezibhaliweyo nolwimi lomzimba kwiitekisi. xesha baphepha ukusebenzisa ulwimi olunika ingcinga ecalanye, nengcinga Ngokufunda iitekisi ezahlukeneyo abafundi kufuneka bajonge indlela izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa ebethelelekileyo kolwimi engeyonyaniso. ezisetyenziswa ngayo ukudlulisa iimbono ezithile kunye nokuqweqwedisa nokuqhatha abanye. Injongo yokufundisa ulwimi namagunya kukuqondisa abafundi indlela ulwimi Ukuhlalutywa kolwimi olunamagunya kufuneka kwenzeke ubuso ngobuso, kuba unxibelelwano phakathi olusetyenziswa kwemo-ntlalo namagunya ngayo ukubonisa lubonakala amandla kwintshukumo olwimi, iimbumba nanjengoko zeembono kusetyenziswa iingxoxo, udliwano ndlebe neenkqubo zeenkundla. 10 Amagunya kwakhona abonakala xa ubani elawula enika imida kwiingcinga, iminqweno, izicwangciso kunye neenkolelo. Umntu okanye iziko elilawulayo linganqwenela ukuba abantu balandele umthetho, imigaqo okanye bamkele isivumelwano esihambelana noko kufunwa nguye. La magunya asetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa ulwimi olucengayo okanye nezinye iindlela zokunikezela nokuthatha amacala kunxibelelwano olunengxoxo. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 7

2.2 Ukuhambelana kolwimi namagunya 2.2 Ukuhambelana kolwimi namagunya Ulwimi lubonisa amagunya. Ulwimi lutyhila amagunya. Ulwimi luguqula amagunya. Ulwimi Ulwimi luguqula lungumngeni ulwabiwo kumagunya. lwamagunya. 2.3 Unxulumano phakathi kolwimi namagunya 11 • Ulwimi luwaveza amagunya ngeendlela ezininzi: luyabonisa, luyaveza lube ngumngeni kumagunya ze lutshintshe indlela adluliswa/ abiwa ngayo. • Amagunya awayonto koko alunxibelelwano. Amagunya ayinto eyenziwa ngomnye umntu komnye okanye iqela kwelinye. La ngamagunya entlalo. • Amagunya angavela kwamanye amaziko, ubutyebi, indawo akuyo umntu kwiziko, isikhundla, iwonga analo, ulwazi, ubungcali, amalungelo, ubulungu nje kwiqela elisezintanjeni okanye elinabantu abaninzi. • Ukuhambelana kolwimi namagunya kuveliswa kwiintetha. • Amagunya afunyanwa ngokuvuyelwa kwabo bekujoliswe kubo kuthiwa ngamagunya anempembelelo • Ulwimi lubonakalisa isikhundla sesithethi. • Ulwimi olusetyenziswa sisithethi lubonisa ukuba sisemagunyeni na okanye samkela amagunya. Ukuba isithethi sisebenzisa isimbo esibonakalisa ukuthetha ngegunya, sidla ngokubonwa njengesithembeke ngakumbi kwaye intetho yaso iyavakala/ iyamkeleka. Isithethi esiphetheyo sinako ukujija ingqondo sithathele kuso ulawulo, sicenge abaphulaphuli. • Silindele ukuba abantu abasemagunyeni bathethe ngendlela ethile besebenzisa irejista esesikweni, umz oosomashishini, abepolitiki, iziphathamandla iiprofesa, ootitshala, oogqirha, amagqwetha njalo njalo. • Isithethi esingenamagunya sisoloko sibonakala ngathi siyazisola, asiqinisekanga ngesikhundla esikuso. Isiganeko sokuthetha ke ngoko sibonakala singenafuthe silenzayo. • Amaqela anamandla namalungu awo athabathela kuwo ulawulo aze abe nakho ukufikelela kwiindima ezininzi zokwabelana ngokuthetha ngeengxoxo, iijenre, imicimbi kwakunye nesimbo. • Balawula iingxoxo ezisesikweni nababaphetheyo, bachophele iintlanganiso, banike imiyalelo, babeke imithetho, babhale iindidi ngeendidi zeengxelo, iincwadi, imiyalelo, amabali, okanye iindlela ezininizi zokunxibelelana ngengxoxo. 8 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

• Abazozithethi ezithatha inxaxheba nje kuphela kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa banako ukuziqala ezinye iincoko okanye iintetha zasesidlangalaleni, baseke ithoni, isimbo okanye bathethe baqulunqe oko kuza kuthethwa ngako, bayile izihloko, bagqibe ukuba ngubani oza kuthabatha inxaxheba ngokuba abe sisithethi okanye umphulaphuli kwiingxoxo zabo. (Bernstein, 1971-1975; Mueller,1973; Schatzman & Strauss, 1972). • Abasebenzisi bolwimi banako ukuba bangalawula injongo, indima, imikhwa, imeko, iziphumo, imithetho elawula intetho yomntu kunye nabanye. Omnye umzekelo ungenza iinzame ngokugqumelela ukuziphatha ukuseka unxibelelwano olungalinganiyo okanye indlela ebonisa ukuphelisa ukungalingani kwamagunya olawulo umzekelo kwezinye iilwimi umthathi nxaxheba angayitshintsha indlela esesikweni etshintshela kuleyo ingekho sesikweni. 2.4 Iitekisi ezingasetyenziswa xa kufundwa ngolwimi namagunya Ulwimi olucengayo: umzekelo izibhengezo ntengiso, iipropaganda, nalo lujolisa ekuphembeleleni iintshukumo zangomso kulowo kujoliswe kuye. Impembelelo eyenziwa ngokubalisa (influential narrative): Iitekisi ezibalisayo ezifana neenoveli, imiboniso bhanya-bhanya, iindaba ezichaza iintshukumo ezizayo ezinganqwenelekiyo, kwaye zisebenzisa ubuciko bomdlalo, iimvakalelo ezichukumisayo, izihloko , isimbo esinokuzisa impembelelo ebantwini. Incoko: Kufuneka sijonge indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi ukumisela umthetho wamagunya. Ukusebenzisa ingxoxo phakathi kwabantu ababini abanamagunya angalinganiyo umzekelo ugqirha nesigulana, umntu omncinci nomdala. Kufuneka zonke ezi zinto zihlalutywe zihambelane neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamagunya ajolise kuloo maqela aphikisanayo. Kwiincoko / iingxoxo kufuneka kujongwe indlela abantu abanamagunya aphezulu abalawula ngayo izihloko, indlela abaphazamisa ngayo abanye besebenzisa ulwimi olunamandla nolunyanzelisayo. Ukuhlola intetho kwiinkcubeko zonke kubonisa utoliko olwahlukileyo kwindlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngayo. Ukuqonda nzulu kweentetho ezahlukileyo kubalulekile ukuze kulungelelaniswe amagunya angalinganiyo. 2.4.1 Imizekelo yolwimi nonxibelelwano olusetyenziswa ngabantu abaziinkokheli Amagqwetha neejaji zixhomekeka kulwimi namagama akhethekileyo ukuzisa ucwangco, bebuza abantu imibuzo, benyanzelisa amangqina ukuveza inyaniso. Umama womntwana angaxhomekeka kumazwi angqongqo ukuzama ukunqanda isimilo esingamkelekanga emntwaneni wakhe. Ukunyanzelisa intlonipho nokuzama ukwakha amagunya ohlukahlukeneyo, ootitshala basoloko belindele ukuba abafundi bathethe nabo ngolwimi olusesikweni. Kwinkalo nganye nangona amagama asetyenziswayo nethoni yelizwi ingohluka eyona nto ingundoqo yintobeko nolawulo. • Ukuzuza amagunya kunabanye usebenzisa ulwimi kwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Elona khonkco phakathi kwentetho namagunya kukusebenzisa ulwimi olulawulayo nolunyanzelisayo ukulawula isimilo. Icala otyhalela kulo incoko yenye yeendlela abantu abayisebenzisayo ukubonisa ulawulo. Ngokukhetha isihloko sencoko usuke kwizihloko ezijongene nawe buqu umz umntu angakwazi ukulawula uhlobo oluthile lonxibelelwano. Ukuphazamisana nabanye kungabonakala njengelinye iqhinga lokufumana amagunya, kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinane abafuna ukuhoywa okanye abazibona bengenamagunya. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 9

• Ukuthula uthi cwaka yenye yendlela yokuzuza igunya. Umzekelo umama ofumana umntwana wakhe egwencela kwikhabhathi yasekhitshini ezama ukufumana amaqebengwana anganxibelelana naye esebenzisa imbonakalo yobuso. Ukungaphenduli umbuzo womfundi kungayindlela ebonisa ukuba umbuzo wakhe uphume ecaleni. Abantu ababini abathandanayo bangazama ukuzuza igunya ngokuthi ezinye izinto ezijolise kwizihloko ezithile bavumelane ukuba bangazithethi ngakumbi ezo zixabanisayo. Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwentetho negunya kuxhomekeka kumagama asetyenzisiweyo, ithoni nobungakanani bonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu. • Ukuqonda uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwentetha negunya kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukungalingani kwamagunya. Ixhoba lesikem (skem) esithile lingafunda isifundo kwintetha yolwimi oluqhathayo olusetyenziswe ngumphembeleli. Ukucacisa eyona ntsingiselo namagama anyanisekileyo kubalulekile ukufumana ulingano lwamagunya. • Abafundi kufuneka bafundiswe lo msebenzi wezakhi zolwimi ezahlukileyo ukuze bakwazi ukuhlalutya ulwimi olunegunya kwisakhono sokuthetha. Izakhi zolwimi kufuneka zihlanganiswe xa kufundiswa izakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi njengoko kulindelekileyo kwisicwangciso sokufundisa. Imizekelo yendlela amagunya asetyenziswa ngayo kwiitekisi ezahlukileyo (Ubuchule bokuthetha, bokufunda nokubukela, nobuchule bokubhala) 2.4.2 Ulwimi, amagunya nezibhengezo-ntengiso. • Igunya lesibhengezo-ntengiso lijolise kwezoqoqosho, kwezemali, ezaseburhulumenteni, kwaye lidluliswa ngokufumana imvume kubasasazi nakuwonke wonke/ nakuluntu. • Kwisibhengezo-ntengiso ishishini lidlulisa umyalezo othe ngqo kubathengi. • Kusetyenziswa ulwimi olucengayo, oluqhathayo, olujija ingqondo, oluchukumisayo nophindaphindo lwamagama. • Izibhengezo-ntengiso zijolise ekuqinisekiseni abathengi ukuba xa bethenga bazuza ukulangazelela ukuthenga kunye negunya, ukusombulula ingxaki nokufumana iimpawu ezifana nobukrelekrele, ulonwabo, ukuba ungubani, nokuzibona wahlukile kwabanye, kwaye xa uthenga uthenga ubomi. • Kusetyenziswa izenzi eziyalelayo nezichazi. Umzekelo, Khawuleza isisulu sisekhona. Ubuso obumpuluswa. • Kwizibhengezo-ntengiso kusetyenziswa izivakalisi ezifutshane ukwakha itekisi emfutshane. Nokuba sisibhengezo esibhaliweyo, esibukelweyo okanye esimanyelweyo. Igama ngalinye elisetyenziswayo linobuchule bokutsala umdla wabathengi. • Kusetyenziswa izimelabizo. Umzekelo, Le mveliso ingakukhucula umzimba wonke. • Izibhengezo zingasebenzisa intsingiselo efihlakeleyo kuneyentsusa ukwenzela ukuba babonise imisebenzi eyahlukileyo yemveliso yabo bengakhange bayicacise gca. 2.4.3 Ulwimi, amagunya namajelo eendaba (amaphephandaba, iimagazini izibhengezo-ntengiso, oomabonakude, oonomathotholo namakhasi onxibelelwano) • Iindaba kumajelo eendaba awachazi ziganeko ezisanda kwenzeka kuphela neziphumo zazo, koko ziindaba eziye zibonise iintshukumo okanye zimele izimvo zepolitiki, uqoqosho, ezasemkhosini kunye negunya lemo ntlalo. 10 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Yindlela amagunya aboniswa ngayo nendlela uwonke wonke abona ngayo ubani onegunya kunye noko akufunayo. Yindlela abathi oonondaba baxhase ngayo abasemagunyeni bebonakalisa abachasi. • Kwiitekisi zoonondaba apho kubonakala izimvo ezineenjongo zokuvuselela ukuxabiseka kunye nendlela ocinga ngayo. Ababhali basebenzisa amanqaku angakhethe cala, kodwa ababhali basebenzisa amagama akhethekileyo afana nezikweko. Amajelo eendaba aye athathe isigqibo ekukhetheni amagama anegunya anokuthi afikelele kubathengi, umzekelo, umdlwenguli. Amajelo eendaba ayazifihla iinkcukacha xa equlunqa izihloko zawo ukuze abathengi babe nomdla wokuthenga ukuze bafumane iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo. • Ukusetyenziswa kwefonti kunendima eyidlalayo kubathengi, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwefonti enkulu kutsala umdla kubathengi, kanti ifonti encinci isetyenziselwa ukufihla iinkcukacha ezinokuchana abathengi. 2.4.4 Ukufundiswa nokuhlolwa kolwimi kunye namagunya Imibuzo yokulungiselela ukwazisa ngonxibelelwano phakathi kolwimi namagunya: Ngubani ixesha oya ngalo esikolweni nexesha ogoduka ngalo? Ngubani okuxelele ukuba yiya, uphinde ugoduke ngaloo maxesha aqingqiweyo kwaye oko kusebenze msebenzi mni kuwe? Ngawaphi amagama okanye izivakalisi ebezisetyenzisiwe kwaye izeziphi ezona ndawo beziqulethe imiyalelo ebisiza kuwe? Ingaba abazali abakukhulisayo bayakunika imiyalelo? Nika imiyalelo ibe mihlanu ekufuneka uyilandele ekhaya. Uyaya ezintlanganisweni zesikolo okanye zasekuhlaleni? Ithini indima kamhlali ngaphambili? Ingaba ezosasazo (inqaku lephephandaba, izibhengezo, iimagazini, oomabonakude, amakhasi onxibelelwano–twitter , facebook, instagram) ziyasitshintsha isimo sakho nendlela obubona ngayo ubomi, umzekelo, indlela onxiba ngayo, abahlobo, ukutya, nendlela ozilungisa ngayo/obonakala ngayo? Nika umzekelo wesibhengezo-ntengiso esenza ukuba uyithande imveliso ethile. Leliphi igama elifana nezibizo, izichazi ezisetyenzisiweyo, umzekelo, abanye abantu bathanda inyama eqhotsiweyo iKentucky kuba batsalwa sislogani esithi: imuncis’iintupha (it’s finger leaking good). Kwiphepha lokuqala lephephandaba kubakho izihloko ezibhalwe kakhulu kunezinye, kuxa kutheni? (Ungabuza umsebenzi wefonti enkulu, encinci, ekekeleyo nengqindilili.) Xa uhamba emgaqweni kukho imithetho yezendlela ekulawulayo ukuba uhambe njani, nika/zoba imizekelo yale mithetho. Kusetyenziswa umoya onjani kwaye lo mthetho uyalelayo ukuveza njani ukusetyenziswa kolwimi. Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kumqhubi ongayithobeliyo imithetho yezendlela? Loluphi udidi lwegunya olusetyenziswe kule mithetho. 2.4.5 Indima edlalwa zizakhiwo zolwimi ekusebenziseni igunya Ukuqaphela ulwimi ngeliso elibukhali (CLA) kuhlalutya ukuba izakhi zolwimi zisetyenziswa njani ukujija iingqondo zabantu, yiyo loo nto kufuneka olusebenzisayo awakhethe amagama/izivakalisi kanti nezakhi zolwimi ukuze zizalisekiseke iinjongo zakhe zoko abekuthetha. Ulwazi lwefuthe lwezakhi ezahlukeneyo zolwimi kuluncedo kakhulu ekuhlalutyeni okuthethwayo nokubhaliweyo. Masiqwalasele indima yezakhi zolwimi ezithile ekugqithiseni intsingiselo nemvakalelo. Ukubhengeza/ukuvakalisa ulwazi Kusoloko kusetyenzwa ngenkcazo. Le nkcazo yenzelwa ukuthabatha ingqondo nendlela omnye umntu ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 11

akholelwa nacinga ngayo, ukuze akholelwe acinge ngokwale nkcazo. Ukuba oko kwenzekile le nkcazo iya kungena kwiingcinga zakhe, atsho acinge kwaye enze njengoko, umzekelo, xa usihlalo wentlanganiso ephuma ecaleni, kubakho othi, “Mhlali ngaphambili! Uphumile emxholweni”. Ngokugqithisa ulwazi ngenkcazo komnye umntu, ngandlela ithile uzama ukulawula indlela acinga ngayo nenza ngayo. Oku ke kuphuhla ngakumbi xa lowo ekwazi ukuthatha isigqibo esisesakhe esebenzisa olo lwazi belugqithiselwe kuye, umzekelo, oku kubonakala kakhulu ekufundiseni esikolweni, ipropaganda: isinyanzeliso sokufuna ubani ukuba acinge ngohlobo ofuna ngalo. Ukuyalela • Yindlela ethile yokulawula imeko. • Isinyanzeliso sisetyenziswa xa kukho ukungalingani phakathi kwesithethi nomphulaphuli, ibe isisithethi esinamandla okuyalela umphulaphuli ukuba enze loo nto. Umzekelo, Nomfundo, yiza apha. Ungafiki emva kwexesha. • Imiyalelo iyafumaneka kwindawo apho kukho ulawulo lwabangentla kwabangezantsi. Umzekelo, imiyalelo yasemkhosini, kwigumbi lokufundela, kwimigaqo siseko, uqulunqo lwemithetho, isetyenziselwa ukunika imvume, isinyanzeliso, izicelo nezilungiso. • Iyasetyenziswa apho kukho ukungevani okukhulu. Umzekelo, kukho umsindo (lumkela into oyenzayo). • Izincedisi zenzi ezisetyenziswa kunye neziyaleli ezifana nezi: uze upheke. Umbuzo onyanzelisayo/ ogocagocayo Ngokubuza umbuzo komnye umntu ulindele impendulo, xa kukhona ukuyalela okuthile, esi sicelo sinokuzibophelela. Umzekelo, kwigumbi lokufundela phakathi kotitshala nabafundi. Uhlobo lokuqoshelisa Zizenzi ezikuhlobo lolandelelwano. Umzekelo, uze ufike upheke, uhlambe izitya, ufunde iincwadi zakho. Izibizo ezibonisa isikhundla (Perfomatives) Ezi zibizo zibonisa isikhundla okanye umsebenzi owenzayo. Umzekelo, utitshala – ukufundisa, umshumayeli – ukushumayela, ijaji – ukugweba. Izimelabizo Izimelabizo zoqobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezopolitiko. Umzekelo, thina-bona Ababhali abasebenzisa isivumelanisi somntu wokuqala u ‘Ndi’. Xa bebalisa benzela ukusondeza umfundi wencwadi ukuba aqonde, amkele abe nosizi ngomlinganiswa lowo ingakumbi oyintloko,. Umzekelo, inoveli kaN. Saule – Ukhozi Olumaphiko. 12 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizenzi Zisetyenziswa ukubonisa igunya lokutsala umdla wabantu. Umzekelo, xa oonondaba besebenzisa isihloko esithi: Ukubethwa kwabantwana ezikolweni. Ubani angathabatheka acinge ukuba kuthethwa ngabantwana ababethiweyo esikolweni, kanti simalunga nemigqaliselo yokubethwa kwabantwana. Izivakalisi eziguqulelwe kwisixando sokwenziwa (Active & Passive Sentences) Isivakalisi esinentloko, isenzi nenjongosenzi esigxile kwintloko. Umzekelo, Umama upheka ukutya. Xa sifakela isimamva sesixando sokwenziwa kwisenzi isivakalisi sigxila kwinjongosenzi. Umzekelo, Ukutya kuphekwa ngumama. Umbuzo buciko Esi sisivakalisi esinombuzo ongalindelanga mpendulo, sisityenziswa kakhulu ziimbongi ukuhlasela nokuvuselela izazela zabantu. Umzekelo, umbongo kaS.E.K. Mqhayi – Ithemba Singabondla n’abantwana Sibasusa kuSathana? Isifaniso Luthelekiso oluthe ngqo, umzekelo: Utyebe ngathi yihagu. Isikweko Luthelekiso olungathanga ngqo, umzekelo; UNomsa yinyoka. 2.4.6 Ukuthetha ngembeko Ukuthetha ngembeko kusoloko kuhambelana negunya. Igunya nokuthetha ngembeko ziyathungelana kuba ukuthetha ngembeko kusoloko kusetyenziswa njengeqhinga okanye isixhobo sokuthambisa okanye uhlise umoya kulowo unegunya. Ukuthetha ngembeko kubaluleke kakhulu nakoluphi na unxibelelwano. Igama ‘imbeko’ libalulekile kuyo nayiphi na intetho. Ukuthetha ngembeko kubhekiselele kukuthetha ngendlela eyiyo malunga nobudlelwano phakathi kwesithethi nomphulaphuli. Ukuthetha ngembeko yindlela ebonisa umsantsa/ ukusondelelana nobudlelwane begunya kuwimi lwethu, kwaye kusondele kakhulu kwixabiso lenkcubeko yethu. Imiba echaphazela ukuthetha ngembeko iyohluka ngokweenkcubeko ezohlukeneyo. Iimpawu zokuthetha ngembeko Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zibonisa ukuthetha ngembeko ezinye zisetyenziswa xa usenza intetho engenamdla. Lulwimi olufumaneka kwiitekisi ezibonwayo, zovavanyo lokuqonda nakuncwadi. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 13

Ukuthandabuza • Izandi namagama afana no ‘ee-h, umh’, angaphazamisa xa esoloko esetyenziswa rhoqo. • Zingenza ukuba abantu abaphulaphuleyo baphelelwe ngumdla kumyalezo wakho. • Ukuthandabuza kungabonakalisa ukungazinzi kwengqondo okanye ukungazithembi kunye nokungacwangcisi. • Intetho yakho mayijolise kwinjongo, kubaphulaphuli, indawo nendlela yokwenza intetho. Ulwimi lokuzikhusela • Ziziqwenga ezisetyenziswa ukuthibaza umyalezo. • Olu lulwimi olufana namagama angoo: mhlawumbi, ndicinga njalo, andiqinisekanga asetyenziswa sisithethi ukuzikhusela ekuhlaselweni ngemibuzo ngabaphulaphuli. Xa usoloko usebenzisa la magama kungona ulahla umyalezo oqulathwe yintetho yakho. • Ukongeza olu lwimi lunikezela ingcinga ethi awuzithembanga ngokwaneleyo. • Olu lwimi malusetyenziswe ngendlela ephucukileyo. Isihlomelo-mibuzo • Xa ugqibezela intetho yakho uhlomela imibuzo efana nale: Andithi? Ayinjalo? Uyayiva neh? Ibonisa ukungazithembi nokungaphuhli kwale nto uyithethayo. • Le mibuzo ibethelela ingcinga yokungathembakali kubaphulaphuli bakho nokungayazi le nto uthetha ngayo. • Yiphephe kangangoko unako le mibuzo kwintetho yakho. Idiskleyima • Kukusebenzisa amabinzana kwintetho yakho afana no “ungandithathi kakubi …/ ndiyayazi le nto ijongeka ingabhadlanga, kodwa …” yenza abaphulaphuli ukuba bakuve kakubi bayibone nentetho yakho ingabhadlanga. • Maziphetshwe kangangoko iidiskleyima kuba zibonisa ukungazithembi kwintetho yakho. 2.4.7 Imida yokuthetha ngembeko Ibandakanya ubuso, iwonga, isikhundla, indima, igunya, iminyaka, isini, ukuzalana nemo-ntlalobuso • Lonke unxibelelwano lusemngciphekweni wokuthenga ubuso. Kufuneka wenze uqikelelo olukhusela iimfuno zomnye umntu ukuze uthandwe okanye uhlonitshwe. Uphinde ukhusele iimfuno zakho ukuze uthandwe okanye uhlonitshwe. • Xa nithetha nijongene inkangeleko yobuso bakho ingaveza ukuchasana, ukugxekana, ukungavumelani, ukuphazamisa, ukubuza, ukuboleka, ukucela ukwenzelwa into, ukucela ulwazi, nokuphoxeka. 14 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Imizekelo yentetho ebonisa inkangeleko yobuso engentlanga Iintetho ezingakhiyo nezithintela ukwenza izinto nokubuza ngokukhululekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba bendinguwe, bendinokubonana nogqirha kuba ubonakala uxhalisekile. Unethamsanqa lokufumana umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka. Imizekelo yentetho ebonisa inkangeleko yobuso obukhululekileyo • Inkangeleko yobuso eyakhayo isebenza ukoyikisa ubuwena obububo kulowo uthethayo ngokubonisa iimpawu ezingamkelekanga/ukungavumelani. Umzekelo, andiqinisekanga ukuba ndiyavumelana nendlela obona/ ova ngayo. • Abantu abohlukeneyo, amaqela nenkcubeko anendlela yawo eyiyo yokuthenga ubuso bangasebenzisa amaqhinga akhayo nalawo agxekayo. Isikhundla • Isikhundla somntu sidla ngokusebenza njengendlela amakabizwe ngayo xa kuthethwa naye ubuso ngobuso. Isikhundla somntu sidla ngokusebenza njengomkhomba ndlela womgangatho wenkcubeko efunekayo. • Inkcubeko iyohluka ngokuba loluphi olu nxulumano loyanyaniswa nesikhundla, iloluphi olwayanyaniswa nohlobo abantu abakubona ngalo ekuhlaleni. Umzelo, utat‘omkhulu, umama omncinci, umakhulu. Iwonga • Ngokuya indawo okuyo isiba phezulu kokukona ufumana intlonipho kwabo bangezantsi kuwe, ukuba isithethi sikumgangatho osezantsi ngokwasekuhlaleni kunalowo uphulaphuleyo, intetho yaso kufuneka iphucuke/ ingabi rhabaxa. • Ukuba isithethi sikwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokwasekuhlaleni kunalowo uphulaphuleyo kodwa singaneno kunalo sithetha ngaye, ngoko ke intetho yakhe mayibe yepholileyo nechubekileyo. Inxaxheba/indima • Ibhekiselele kwisikhundla esinganeno esithathwe nguloo mntu ukunxibelelwano . Umzekelo, umninindlu – iindwendwe, umphathi – iqela njalo njalo. Ubudala/iminyaka • Iminyaka yesithethi neyomphulaphuli yiyo ebonisa intetho enembeko/engenambeko, umzekelo umntu omncinci akambizi umntu omdala ngegama nokuba angade abe ukwinqanaba elingentla kunaye. • Ezinye iinkcubeko zalapha eMzantsi Afrika, nokuba kuphakathi kweetshomi nabantu abangaqhelananga, umntu omncinci usebenzisa isigama sentlonipho xa ethetha nabantu abadala, umzekelo, sisi Thandi, mama, tata uMandela, bhuti Xolile. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 15

Isini • Iyantlukwano ngokwesini nentlonipho kulwimi oluphucukileyo ikhona phantse kuzo zonke iintlanga. Intetho yabasetyhini/oomama nendlela abancokola ngayo kumele ibe yechubekileyo nehloniphayo xa ebhekiselele kumyeni wakhe, umz, tata kaZodwa. • Kwiintlanga ezininzi, incoko yamadoda ibaphantsi koxinzelelo xa kukho oomama, umzekelo, ukuhleba. Ukuzalana Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu abazalanayo bubonakala kulwimi abalusebenzisayo, umzekelo mamazala/ mama. Amalungu eqela Kwezinye iindawo kumalungu eqela kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba zeziphi indlela ezichubekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo umzekelo, emaXhoseni – abantu abasiduko sinye banendlela abathetha ngayo xa bedibene naxa bethetha kukho amanye amaqela. 2.4.8 Intetho yeengcali/iingcaphephe • Iingcali, iingcaphephe nababhali beencwadi banempembelelo kwindlela yokuziphatha kwabantu, nezenzo ngokuchaza ezi ziganeko ezilandelayo: umzekelo izicwangciso, iinkqubo, nezilumkiso ezithi ngamanye amaxesha zidityaniswe neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucebisa namandla azo athi alawule ulwazi nezobugcisa. • Basebenzisa iindlela ezinombuzo buciko othi ngamaxesha athile ube nengxoxo nenkcaza yeendlela ezingamkelekanga zokwenza izinto. • Ngokucacileyo iingxelo zababhali zentlalo nenkqubela kwezoqoqosho zithi zisebenzise ukuphembelela iintshukumo ezizayo. • Iindidi ezithile ezininzi ezithi ziphembelele ezinjengamabali, iinoveli nemidlalwana zingathi zichaze ukungathandeki kwezenzo zexa elizayo yaye zinganefuthe kubuciko bedrama, kwiimvakalelo, kwiindlela ezohlukeneyo ezisematheni okanye ezizezemvelo. Amaqela anamandla achaphazelekayo apha avelisa oko sikubiza ngokuba yimiqondiso ekumgangatho ophezulu. 2.4.9 Ubudlelwane phakathi kwegunya kunye nencoko Incoko kwigumbi lokufundela • Ulwimi oluyalelayo lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwigumbi lokufundela, umzekelo: bhala, funda njalo njalo. Nesicelo sithatha indlela ethile yokuyalela, umzekelo, ungandosulela ibhodi. • Utitshala usoloko esebenzisa amagama abafundi xa esenza isicelo. • Abafundi basebenzisa amagama anjengo-mhlekazi, ewe mhlekazi/nkosikazi. • Amagama anjengonceda/ndincede no-enkosi asetyenziselwa ukucenga abafundi ekulandeleni umyalelo (amandla omyalelo). Incoko phakathi kwabantu abadala nabantwana • Omnye womahluko ongamandla kwiinkcubeko ezininzi uphakathi kwabazali nabantwana. Kunokubakho iyantlukwano kwiimo zenkcubeko neyantlukwano phakathi kukatata nomama. • Kuluntu olunemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, ukungazithembi kwabantwana kungabangelwa kukunganikwa thuba lakuthetha nokungavunyelwa ukuba baqale incoko okanye baxoxe ngomba othile. Banokungavunyelwa 16 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

bangenelele kwincoko okanye kunokulindeleka ukuba basebenzise indlela ethile yokuthetha ebonakalisa imbeko kwiintetho ezithile, umzekelo, molo mhlekazi, ewe mhlekazi. • Abazali bavumelekile ukungalandeli mgaqo wokunikana amathuba. Banako ukungenelela kwintetho, bangxolise, bagrogrise/boyikise, bayalele okanye balungise abantwana kwincoko. Incoko inokuthabatha uhlobo lwengcebiso, isicelo okanye intetho elukuhlayo ngokusebenzisa izithembiso. Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bagrogrisa ngokuphuma phandle, bazilambise/bakhalale ukutya/okanye basishiye/bayeke isikolo besabela kwindlela abazali abasebenzisa ngayo izithembiso nemigaqo enengcinezelo. Incoko phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi • Nangona imimiselo yokunikana amathuba isaziwa, oyena unamandla kwaba babini yindoda kumaxesha amaninzi enokuvunyelwa ingenelele. Indlela asebenzisa ngayo amagama athile, ulwimi nezijekulo zibonakalisa ukuba ngowuphi obonakala enamandla. Udliwano-ndlebe lomsebenzi • Udliwano-ndlebe luthi luyilawule indlela yokuhamba konxibelelwano. Nabani na unako ukungenelela, exelela umvavanywa ukuba apheze/ ame ngelixa umvavanywa ezama ukudlulisa iingcinga zakhe. • Umvavanywa kwelinye icala unako ukuzithethelela okanye achaze unobangela wokukhetha lo msebenzi esebenzisa izichazi ezinjengezi: ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokunyanisekileyo, ngokufanelekileyo, nezinye. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwabahlobo (amandla ayalingana) • Ukubizana ngamagama kuyalingana; ukuba ndikubiza ngegama lakho ngqo, nawe ndibize ngegama lam ngqo, okanye ukuba ndisebenzisa iwonga nefani, nawe yenza ngokunjalo. • Ukuqala incoko: Akukho mqathango ubekelwe ukuba ngubani omakaqale incoko. • Ukungenelela kwincoko kungenziwa nangubani na. Oko kwamkelekile. UMSEBENZI UMSEBENZI 1 1 Ulwimi negunya Ulwimi negunya Kumfanekiso ongezantsi, ulwimi lusetyenziselwe ukutyhila amandla. Umfundi uyazi Kumfanekiso ongezantsi, ulwimi lusetyenziselwe ukutyhila amandla. Umfundi uyazi ukuba oyena unolawulo ukuba oyena unolawulo kunabanye ubajongile. kunabanye ubajongile. U… UKUJONGILE U… UKUJONGILE Kutheni Kutheni kusetyenziswe kusetyenziswe u-‘Mkhuluwa’ u-‘Mkhuluwa’ kungasetyenziswa kungasetyenziswa USISI OMDALA? USISI OMDALA? Kungani u ‘Mkhuluwa’ ebhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu nangefonti enkulu? Kungani u ‘Mkhuluwa’ ebhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu nangefonti enkulu? Imibuzo yabo bancokola ngqo omnye nomnye Imibuzo yabo bancokola ngqo omnye nomnye 1. Ngubani okhokela intetho? Kuba kutheni? 1. 2. okhokela Ngubani Ngubanintetho? okhetha /oguqula Kuba kutheni?isihloko? Kuba kutheni? 3. Ngubani omana ukungenelela kwintetho? Kuba kutheni? ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 17 4. Ngubani ophawula ngoko kuthethwayo? Kuba kutheni?

2. Ngubani okhetha /oguqula isihloko? Kuba kutheni? 3. Ngubani omana ukungenelela kwintetho? Kuba kutheni? 4. Ngubani ophawula ngoko kuthethwayo? Kuba kutheni? 5. Ngubani osebenzisa amabinzana okuzithoba? Kuba kutheni? 6. Ngubani osebenzisa izijekulo ezoyikisayo? Kuba kutheni? 7. Ngubani osebenzisa amagama angenagunya? 8. Ngobani abathetha oko/ Kuba kutheni? 9. Ngubani osebenzisa imiyalelo? Injani? Kuba kutheni? 3. ULWIMI OLUCENGAYO, OLULUKUHLAYO, OLUCHUKUMISAYO, OLUKHETHA 3. ICALA, ULWIMI OLUCENGAYO, OLULUKUHLAYO, UBUNGQONDO-LUKHUNI, OLUCHUKUMISAYO, UKUQAL’UGWEBE OLUKHETHA ICALA, UNGAWAVELELANGA UBUNGQONDO-LUKHUNI, UKUQAL’UGWEBE UNGAWAVELELANGA ONKE AMACALA ONKE AMACALA NOKUCALU-CALULA NOKUCALU-CALULA ZILUNGESELELENI UKWENZA INGXOXO- MPIKISWANO Ndixhasa Ndixhasa ikhalenda ikhalenda yonyaka. esekelwe kwiziganeko .emveli ZIMBINI IZIMVO, INYE INCUTSHE! ISENOKUBA NGUWE. 3.13.1Inkcazelo ngokucenga Inkcazelo nokulukuhla ngokucenga nokulukuhla • Ulwimi Ulwimi olucengayo olucengayo lusetyenziselwa lusetyenziselwa ukukholisa ukukholisa abantu abantu bathathe bathathe intshukumo intshukumo ethile. Isenza ukuba sivumelane noluvo olubekiweyo. ethile. Abasebenzisi Isenza ukuba bolwiminoluvo sivumelane olucengayo abakukhathalelanga olubekiweyo. ukusebenzisa Abasebenzisi amanqaku bolwimi ayinyaniso. Eyona njongo iphambili kubo kukuba sivakalelwe ngaphezu kunokucinga ngezizathu zethu. olucengayo abakukhathalelanga ukusebenzisa amanqaku ayinyaniso. Eyona • Ulwimi olulukuhlayo njongo lujolise iphambili kuboekufumaneni inzuzo engafanelekanga kukuba sivakalelwe ngaphezu kunabanye, ngaphezu kunokucinga umzekelo, ulwimi ngezizathu olusetyenziswe kwizibhengezo ntengiso nakwiintetho zamaqela ezopolitiko, isigqebelo, isibaxo, imfanozandi zethu. nezinye zisetyenziselwa ukulukuhla abaphulaphuli. Ulwimi olulukuhlayo lujolise ekukholiseni abafundi Ulwimi bamkele olulukuhlayo izimvo zombhali. lujolise ekufumaneni inzuzo engafanelekanga ngaphezu • kunabanye, Nawuphi umzekelo, na umhlathana ulwimi obhaliweyo olusetyenziswe uya kwizibhengezo kusoloko uqulathe ntengiso isiqwenga ngenjongo zokulukuhla abafundi ukuba nakwiintetho babone zamaqela ngokwecala lombhali. ezopolitiko, isigqebelo, isibaxo, imfanozandi nezinye • zisetyenziselwa Asilulo ukulukuhla lonke ulwimi olucengayo abaphulaphuli. olulukuhlayo, Ulwimi uqwalasele kodwa kufuneka olulukuhlayo lujolise indlela elithi ulwimi olulukuhlayo ekukholiseni lusetyenziswe abafundiisakhono ekukhuliseni bamkele izimvo zombhali. sokufunda esiqiqisiweyo nesinokuncedisa abafundi baqaphele ukusetyenziswa kolwimi.  Nawuphi na umhlathana obhaliweyo uya kusoloko uqulathe isiqwenga 18 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 ngenjongo zokulukuhla abafundi ukuba babone ngokwecala lombhali.

3.2 Indawo ekusetyenziswa kuyo ulwimi oluqhathayo • Kwizibhengezo-ntengiso, ulwimi oluqhathayo lusetyenziswa ukukhuthaza abathengi ukuba bayayifuna loo mveliso okanye ezo nkonzo. Ulwimi oluqhathayo luyakwazi ukusetyenziswa kwizincoko, nakwimibhalo ehleliweyo ukuze sibhale ingxoxo ekholisayo. Ubuchule obusetyenziswa kulwimi oluqhathayo buyatshintsha ngokwenjongo okanye abaphulaphuli. • Ulwimi oluqhathayo luyasetyenziswa kwipropaganda apho kunikezwa inyani engaphelelanga neye ixhokonxe iintliziyo zabaphulaphuli bebethelela iingcinga ezingeyonyani ngakumbi xa kugayelwa ivoti okanye ngexesha lemfazwe. Iyasetyenziswa nakwiintetho nakumanqaku amaphepha ndaba. 3.3 Umsebenzi wokuzilungiselela Ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zinganceda ukuzisa ingqwalasela ngendlela isithethi okanye umbhali asebenzisa ngayo ulwimi: • Masikrwaqule itekisi sibalekisa amehlo siqikelele indlela ekusetyenziswe ngayo ulwimi.Umzekelo, singabuza imibuzo efana nale: kutheni isithethi sithetha ngolo hlobo, kutheni sisebenzisa igama elithile endaweni yelinye, kutheni sisebenzisa ixesha elithile endaweni yelinye, zeziphi izinto abazifihlayo njalo njalo. • Chonga ze uhlengahlengise amagama ukuba ngaba akwimo elandulayo okanye akwimo evumayo, umzekelo: Lithe lakufaka inqaku elixoxisayo iqela leKaizer Chiefs bavuya abalandeli balo. Eli gama “bavuya” linika imo ezimbini eyamkelekileyo kwiqela eliphumelelayo nengamkelekanga kwiqela elingaphumelelanga. • Xa ufunda ibali elisuka kwinqaku lephephandaba uya kuzibuza umbuzo wokuba ibali beliya kutshintsha ntoni ukuba belibhalwe ngomnye umntu. Xa abasebenzi begwayimbile kuya kwahluka kwindlela okuchazwa ngayo isizathu sogwayimbo phakathi komqeshi nomqeshwa, elowo uya kukhetha amagama athethelela icala lakhe. • Cinga ngenjongo yombhali kubantu ajolise kubo. Umzekelo, kwisibhengezo–ntengiso – sijolise koobani, lusetyenziswe njani ulwimi ukujija ingqondo yabathengi? • Cinga ngezinye izibhengezo-ntengiso owakhe wazibona kumabona kude okanye kwimagazini. • Dwelisa amagama asetyenzisiweyo ukuchukumisa imvakalelo. Akhuthaza yiphi iminqweno kubathengi? Kukholeleka ukuba kukho iimfuno zomntu wonke: ubutyebi, ulonwabo, ukuduma, impumelelo nobuhle. • Qwalasela indlela izibhengezo esizibonayo eziwasebenzisa ngayo amagama alukuhlayo ukuzama ukuphembelela abantu kwiimfuno zabo. • Izibhengezo-ntengiso ezijongise kwimibutho yoncedo zisebenzisa amagama achukumisayo: avuselela izazela nobuhlungu kumfundi ukuze akhuthazeke ekunikeleni nasekunikeni uncedo. Nika imizekelo yezi zibhengezo- ntengiso. • Fumana imizekelo yezilogani kwiindawo ezenza izibhengezo-ntengiso ezisebenzisa izixhobo ezinezandi ezifana nemfano zandi, uphindaphindo, imvano siphelo ukwenza lula ukuba abantu bakhumbule imveliso leyo. 3.4 Ubuchule bolwimi oluqhathayo/olucengayo Ezi mpawu zolwimi oluqhathayo kufuneka ziqatshelwe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwezi zakhono zilandelayo: ukuphulaphula nokuthetha, ukufunda nokubukela nokubhala nokunikezela. Ukungacaci – Isithethi sisebenzisa amagama anentsingiselo engacacanga nangenantsingiselo. Abaphulaphuli badla ngokubuza umbuzo othi kutheni engayithethi ncakasana/engathethi ngqo nje? Umzekelo, “Andali/andiphiki ukuba uyenzile le nto kodwa akathethi nyani.” ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 19

Ukuba mbolombini/ ubumbolombini – ligama elintsingiselo-ninzi elinokutolikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo elisetyenziselwe ukumela amava ohlukeneyo. Kule ntetho ithi, “Ndiyathemba ukuba uya kufumana oko kumfaneleyo” asiqiniseki ukuba isithethi sisinqwenelela impilo entle okanye enkenenkene, ngaphandle kokuba umxholo esekwe kuwo intetho leyo iyenza icace injongo yaso. Iingcinga ezikheth’icala/ ezikekelele kwicala elithile nobungqondo lukhuni – Iingcinga ezikheth’icala zifumaneka kwimibuzo okanye kwingxelo. Umzekelo, Ikhaya lentombazana lisekwendeni. Bonke abantu abakhanyayo ngokwebala bahle. IJagon – lulwimi olukhethekileyo/lobugcisa oluhambelana neqela elithile olungenakuqondwa ngabanye abantu, lisetyenziswa liqela labantu abasebenza kunye, umzekelo ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha, ootitshala njalo njalo. Umbuzo buciko nemibuzo exhokonxa iingcinga – Yimibuzo engalindelanga mpendulo, umsebenzi yawo kukuxhokonxa iingcinga nokuhlasela izazela zabantu. Ulwimi olugxininisayo, izibaxo – Ulwimi olubaxayo lulwimi olugqithisa loo nto ngolwimi olubaxekileyo ukuvuselela imvakalelo ethile efana nokothuka. Umzekelo wesibaxo “ndifunde ndaqhekeka intloko”. Imfanozandi – Luphindaphindo lweqabane elinye kwigama ngalinye elikwisivakalisi. Lisetyenziswa kakhulu ziimbongi nakwizibhengezo. Umzekelo, siseza kuphalala isizwe sidade esizibeni. Imvano siphelo – Luphindaphindo lwezandi ezifanayo kwilungu lokugqibela kwimiqolo yombongo. Iyafumaneka nakumaculo ecawe, umzekelo: Nkedama ezaziwa ngokubhonga, Mithombo ehlupha ngokubhanga, I-aluzhini – Kukusebenzisa ibinzana kwisivakalisi esisekelezwe kwisiganeko esaziwayo, umzekelo, ukuthetha uNongqawuse, ukuza kukaNxele. Ubungozi bunokuvela xa abo bantu uthetha nabo bengasazi isiganeko eso, oko kungabangela ukuba bangawuva umyalezo. Isihlonipho – Yindlela yokuquma ihlazo okanye inyala, umzekelo endaweni yokuthi utata unxilile uthi utata uqhuba amatakane, endaweni yokuthi umntu ulisela uthi uneminwe emide. Umzekelo Amagama aphakathi Isihlonipho Isichasi sesihlonipho Umlwi Umlweli wenkululeko Umvukeli mbuso Ukufakela uburharha kwintetho yakho. Xa kukho ubungqina bento othetha ngayo. Uphindaphindo lwamagama/amabinzana kusetyenziswa amagama ukugxininisa uluvo lwakho, umzekelo, ISISULU! ISISULU! ISISULU! ULwimi olusemthethweni lulwimi olulandela imiqathango ebekiweyo, lujonge indlela yokuziphatha nobulungisa. Umzekelo, kwizibhengezo-ntengiso akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa ulwimi olugxeka enye imveliso. 20 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

3.5 Ulwimi oluchukumisayo Yintoni ulwimi oluchukumisayo? Lulwimi apho kusetyenziswa amagama aqhathayo. Asetyenziselwa ukuxhokonxa iingcamango zethu ukuze sibe phantsi koxinzelelo ngendlela ethile ukuze abantu ekujoliswe kubo bavumelane noko kuthethwayo. Yintoni intsingiselo efihlakeleyo? Yintsingiselo efihlakeleyo okanye yokunxulunyaniswa, umzekelo, uNomsa yigusha. Intsingiselo yentsusa yintsingiselo ethe ngqo engundoqo ecacileyo, umzekelo, uNomsa ulungile. • Umxholo ochukumisayo wamagama kwitekisi ebhaliweyo okanye ethethiweyo angumqondiso wendlela umbhali aziva ngayo ngaloo nto kuthethwa ngayo. Angavelisa ukuba umbhali ukhetha icala okanye uqala agwebe engavelelanga amacala omabini. • Isithethi sixhokonxa iimvakalelo zakho ukuze ulandele indlela esibona ngayo ukwenzela ukuba uvumelane naso. • Amanye amagama achukumisayo anentsingiselo efihlakeleyo eyamkelekileyo angasetyenziselwa ukuze ubani azive kamnandi, umzekelo ubushushu, ubunono, uthando, intembeko, ukwanga. • Amanye amagama achukumisayo anentsingiselo efihlakeleyo engamkelekanga, umzekelo, ugugile, ulihlwempu, utyebile, umdala. Adla ngokuzisa uvakalelo oluphazamisayo ngokwasemoyeni nangokwasengqondweni. Imizekelo yamagama aphakathi namagama achukumisayo kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo: Ulwimi Amagama aphakathi Amagama achukumisayo Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo ebhekiselele kwizinto ebhekiselele kwizinto ezimbi ezintle English Car Limousine Jalopy Thin Slender Emaciated/skinny Xitsonga Tsongahala Lala Ondzile /U herile (exaggeration) Afrikaans Motor Limousine Rammelkas IsiZulu Ukuzaca /ukuncipha Ukwehla Wondile /Uphelile Tshivenda Sekena Onda o fhelela IsiXhosa Ukubhitya Ukwehla emzimbeni Ukunqina IsiNdebele Khehlile Ondile Mgorhu Sepedi Sese Mosesenyane Fedile /otile Sesotho Sesane Motsetserapane Moketa, fedile /otile Setswana Siswati Unciphile /uzacile Lutsi Wondzile /uphelile ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 21

UMSEBENZI 2 Fundisisa le tekisi uze uchonge amagama abonisa ulwimi oluchukumisayo. Belinembeko inenekazi elifunyenwe libulewe! Iindaba/15 September 2017, 08:28am/Unathi Tuta KAPA: Lichazwe njengomntwana obenembeko ethobekile kwikhaya lakhe, inenekazi ekwafunyanwa umzimba walo kwiingcongolo ezikwingingqi yoogobityholo koo-TR eKhayelitsha. UZanele Sandlana ube neminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye ubudala, wagqityelwa ukubonwa ephila lusapho lwakhe esiya kwisiyunguma somhlobo wakhe eSite B ngobusuku bangoMgqibelo, wesibini kweyoMsintsi. Umzimba wakhe wafunyanwa ngabahlali bengingqi yooTR kwiingcongolo ezikufutshane, ekhululwe iimpahla washiywa ngezihlangu nebhodi. Wayebonakala etshisiwe emqolo kungacaci ukuba ubulewe njani kwaye edlwenguliwe. Amapolisa acela oonondaba ukuba bancedise ukufunisa ngosapho lwale ntwazana, nolwaye lweva kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo sasekuhlaleni. Amapolisa athi uphando lwetyala lokubulawa kukaZanele lukwimeko enkenenkene abanakukhupha zinkcukacha zithe vetshe kumajelo eendaba, kodwa angqinile ukuba akukabikho mntu ubanjiweyo okwangoku. UZanele kulindeleke ukuba abekwe kwikhaya lokugqibela ngoMgqibelo umhla we-16 kwikhaya lakhe eKuyasa. Ushiya ngasemva intombi yakhe eneminyaka emibini ubudala ezakuba yinkedama ngoku nanjengoko uyise waba lixhoba lezigilamkhuba edolophini eKapa. 3.6 Ulwimi oluqhathayo kwizibhengezo-ntengiso • Abathengisi basebenzisa ulwimi oluqhathayo ukujija iingqondo zabantu malunga nendlela ababona ngayo, iinkolelo kunye neentshukumo zabo. • Elona qhinga lingundoqo kukunxulumanisa iingcinga ezintle nezimbi, iimvakalelo zabo kunye nemveliso okanye iinkonzo ezithengiswayo. • Uninzi lwabantu abayithengi imveliso kuba isemgangathweni ongcono koko zizinto ezihambelana nemveliso ezingenanto yakwenza nemveliso, umzekelo, “iNokia inxibelelanisa abantu”. 22 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

3.6.1 Iimpawu zentengiso ephumeleleyo/esemgangathweni • Ezona mpawu eziqhelekileyo zentengiso zivezwa kusetyenziswa isishunquleli uAIDA nomele: Attention (ukuqaphela) Interest (umdla) Desire (iinkanuko/iimfuno /ukurhala/ukubawela iminqweno) Action (ukwenza intshukumo) • Ukuthatha ingqalelo okanye ukuqaphela: Kulapho kusetyenziswa isihloko esinefonti enkulu, uyilo, ukuzoba kunye nemibala egqamileyo ukuze umthengi aqaphele ukuba kukho into ethengiswayo. • Umdla: Oku kufezekiswa ngokwenza isiqu sihambelane neemfuno zabantu ngokubanzi okanye kujolise kwiimfuno nomdla wabafundi bentengiso. Kungasetyenziswa ugcwaliso lwekhuponi,okanye ukutsalwa komnxeba ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe vetshe, kungekho nezinwe ezifana nezipho zasimahla okanye ukuthotywa kwexabiso ukuba umfundi-ntengiso uye waphendula ngendlela ethile. • Ukuyibawela/ukuyirhalela/imfuno: Imveliso okanye inkonzo ibekwa ngendlela enokunyusa umtsalane okanye iimfuno. Loo nto ingabangela ukuba umfundi-ntengiso afune ukuyithenga imveliso leyo okanye azame inkonzo leyo. • Intshukumo: Kulapho kubonakala khona impumelelo yentengiso, kubakho isimemo sokuba ubani athathe intshukumo ngokuya kuthenga loo mveliso okanye afune inkonzo ethengiswayo. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 23

3.6.2 Amagama aqhathayo asetyenziswa kwintengiso La magama alandelayo ancedisa kwisimbo sokubhalwa kwentengiso okanye iflaya: Intsha kraca Umtsalane Ibalulekile Umlingo Ngoku Inamandla Ixabiso Ukwazisa Mahala Imbalwa Iphunyenziwe Ngokukhawuleza Papasha Ithuba Kunokwenziwa Isempilweni Itshatshele Isinikezo Ukhuseleko Phucuka Ukutyhoboza Ekugqibeleni/ayinantanga Uncedo Fanelekileyo Twatse/ ngqamana Engenasiphelo Usozigidi Ekhethekileyo Iyafuneka Ubutyebi Uyaziwa Ukuvuzwa Qha/kuphela Imali Ingqalelo Ephathekayo Evakalayo Ulonwabo Inyani Ngokukhawuleza Isisulu Iyamangalisa Umfanekiso/mzobo Ngephanyazo Mangalisa/ Ingatshintsha Inkulu kakhulu Umoyisi/ ephawulekayo Iphuculwe Inyani umphumeleli Isiqinisekiso Mva nje Musa Evavanyiweyo Wena Eyona mfihlelo Yima Olungqinelanayo Khawuleza/ ngxama EKhusini/ Igqibelele Uthando yeyakwamkhozi Lula Ityebile Ukufumanisa Yonga Ingomntu Ukutyhila Kuhle kakhulu Iphupha Ubutyebi Iyancomeka kakhulu Yakho Ukuphuza Ngephanyazo iphumelele Ilunge 3.6.3 Ingcaciso yamanye amagama aqhathayo nokusetyenziswa kwawo kwizibhengezo Ukonga Phakamisa isandla ukuba awufuni konga ixesha nemali. Bendiyazi. Ukonga imali yinto efunwa malung nama-99%. Ukuba uthembisa ukongela ubani imali uqinisekile ungawufumana umdla wakhe ngesipaji sakhe phambi kokuba ubize igama isipaji. 24 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Ukhuseleko Sinyanzelisa ukhuseleko kwiimveliso zethu.Sifuna ukwazi ukuba utyalo-mali lwethu lukhuselekile okanye abantwana bethu badlala ngeethoyizi ezikwiqondo eliphezulu lokhuseleko. Sifuna ukutya okuhloliweyo, sifuna ukhuseleko kwiimpahla nezihlangu esizikhethayo. Akothusi ukubona ukuba iziselo ezithathwa njengokuba zikhuselekile kubantu besifo seswekile zisetyenziswa ngokungathi azinaziphumo zibi. Ivavanyiwe yaphunyezwa Abathengisi baveza ubungqina ngokwenqanaba ekulo imveliso yabo. Umzekelo ukutya kwekati okwaziwayo kudla ngokuthiwa malunga nesibhozo eshumini abantu abasebenzisa ukutya kwekati babonisa ukukuthanda oku kutya, oku kubonakalisa ukuba isibhozo kwishumi likubona kukuhle kakhulu. Loo nto ibonisa ukuba ivavanyiwe yaphunyezwa nawe ungayizama.Ibinzana elithi ‘njengoko ubonile kumabonakude’. (As seen on TV) kulapho iimveliso ziye zisetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ngaloo mveliso. Uthando Uthando luneentsingiselo ezininzi ubani anganothando lwezinto umzekelo izihlangu okanye angathanda indlela izinto ezenzeka ngayo. Fumanisa Eli ligama elisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabathengisi “uyakufumana into ngale nto”/ “ngokusebenzisa le nto”. Ungafumana lukhulu ngokusebenzisa ixesha lakho ufunda.Xa kufikelela kwipakethe okanye kwisingxobo semveliso ungazuza lukhulu ngokuyizama.Ukufumanisa sisithembiso sento enkulu ezayo.Njengokutyhila isipho sakho somhla wokuzalwa, ukutyhilwa kwezinto kusoloko kuzisa ulonwabo olumandla Isiqinisekiso Eli gama ngumnatha wokhuseleko, ukuba unokucinga nje ngendlela elisetyenziswa ngayo rhoqo ebomini ingabonakala indlela elinamandla ngayo, umzekelo: “Ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba emva kweentsuku ezintathu uya kuwubona umahluko” Le yindlela yokususa isikrokro. Ekuthengiseni eli gama lisetyenziswa njengesithembiso phakathi kwekhampani leyo nomthengi kwaye ibonakala njengesona siqinisekiso.Umzekelo isiqinisekiso sembuyekezo-mali sinamandla kuba sisusa ukuba semngciphekweni ekuzameni imveliso entsha. Impilo Oku kuba namandla kakhulu xa kubhekiselele kwimveliso hayi ekubhekiseni kwinkangeleko ngasempilweni. Ngamanye amaxesha idla ngokusetyenziswa njengento yokuphucula iimeko eziphilileyo zemali.Iye isebenze kakhulu kuba phantse wonke umntu uyazi ukuba xa kuthethwa ngempilo entle kubhekiselelwe entwenini. Ukuba ubani angenza izithembiso ezimalunga nempilo entle nokuba usebenzisa ukutya okanye iinkonzo qiniseka ukuba wenza kakuhle. Iziphumo Iziphumo ligama elisetyenziswa kakhulu kwisihloko kubhekiselele kwimpumelelo. Eli gama linamandla kuba lisisithembiso esinceda ubani akwazi ukusebenzisa ingqiqo ekuthengeni. Umzekelo ungabeva abantu besithi “Awu ukuba le nto ineziphumo ezifumanekayo ,makube ixabisekile”. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 25

Wena Igama u “Wena” ligama elinamandla kakhulu kwiintengiso kuba lijolise ngqo emntwini. Umzekelo, masithethe ngawe, ungothabathekisayo , uzibona ungothabathekisayo/ unomtsalane. Xa sekuthethwa inyani nantoni na ejoliswe kuwe uba nomdla kuyo kwaye uyamamelisisa, umzekelo ukuba intengiso ithembisa ngokwenza abantu babe zizityebi unganomdla,kodwa ukuba ijolise ekwenzeni wena ube sisityebi uba nomdla kakhulu. Igama u “Wena” ligama emalisetyenziswe kakhulu xa ubani ethetha nabathengi kuba eneneni ujolise kuye, kuba ngokwenza njalo uqinisekisa ukuba uthetha ngeyona nto enikisa umdla kakhulu. Indibanisela/unxulumaniso Iimveliso okanye iinkonzo/ iimbono zisoloko zinxulunyaniswa neyona nto ithandwayo ebomini nehleli nje iyafunwa kwaye iyathandwa ngababukeli oko kufana nolonwabo, ukwaneliseka, ubuhle, ukhuseleko, uthando, impumelelo, ubutyebi njalo njalo, umzekelo iikontraka ezinkulu zakwa Nike zihambelana neembaleki ezaziwayo. Iziphehlelelo nezingqinisiso Kulapho kusetyenziswa khona abantu abangosaziwayo ukuze into igqibelele/okanye icace/okanye iboniswe umsebenzi wayo, umzekelo :oosaziwayo abanolusu oluhle bangayiphehlelela imveliso yolusu efana nePonds okanye Garnier. Ukukhwel’enqweleni Yindlela yokuqweqwedisa ababukeli ukuba into ethengiswayo ilungile kuba ithengwa ngumntu wonke (wenza ukuba nabo bakhwel’enqweleni).Okunye kukuba abonakalise ukuba iimfuno ziyinxalenye yeqela elithile okanye imbonakalo yokuba ukubawela into kubandakanyiwe umz: vela wenze (Just do it). Ujoliso kubantu abanegunya elithile Ukufuna umntu onobuchwephetshe (umntu, iqela okanye nayiphina enye into) ukubonisa ukubaluleka kwemveliso, iinkonzo okanye indawo akuyo, umzekelo oogqirha xa bethengisa uhlobo oluthile lwentlama yokuhlamba amazinyo okanye utshungama, umzekelo i-Sensodyne , yeyona ikhethwa ngoogqirha bamazinyo. Ujolise kwimo zovakalelo Ukusebenzisa ulwimi oluchukumisayo nokuba ngumfanekiso, umzekelo xa abantu ekujoliswe kubo bebona umfanekiso wemeko embi ebangelwa ziimeko zendalo ezifana nenyikima, umlilo, ukhukhuliseko, inkanyamba njalo njalo apho kuye kucelwe abantu bafake isandla kwimeko leyo ukunceda Uncedo olujoliswe kwimigaqo elandelwayo Indawo azibeke kuyo umbhali okanye isithethi njengomntu ohloniphekileyo, nomlinganiswa okwisimo esihle okanye oneenjongo ezintle, umzekelo, umgqatswa wezopolitiko akanakuvuma ukutyibilika edakeni angasuke akhethe ukuthetha ngeezinto ezithile. Ucengo olujolise ekusebenziseni ingqondo Xa unikezela ingxoxo eza kuxhasa ibango elithile usebenzisa ulwazi olunyanisekileyo,amanani noqikelelo manani, umzekelo yinyani esetyenziswa ekuxhaseni isidingo sokuba kuthotywe iingozi ezimanyumnyezi eziqhubekayo ezindleleni (Speed Kills) Isantya esiphezulu siyabulala. 26 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Imiqondiso Imiqondiso ngamagama okanye imifanekiso emele into ethile, iye isetyenziswe ukubuyisa iingqondo zabantu baqonde oko kuthethwa ngako.Kudla ngokusetyenziswa imiqondiso ephathelele kwezekhaya,kusapho,ilizwe,inkolo,isini,okanye iindlela zokuphila. Abalukuhli basebenzisa igunya nemiqondiso eqinisekisa /egxininisa oko bakuthengisayo. Inkangeleko ejolise kwezesondo Ukusebenzisa abantu abahle nabanenkangeleko ebawelekayo kwesinye isini ukuthengisa into yakho, umzekelo:Indoda entle nebukekayo ithengisa isichebi -zindevu sakwaGillette. Isnob aphil (snob appeal): Ijolise kwiimfuno okanye izinto ezibawelekayo zodidi oluphezulu okanye ezibalulekileyo ebomini, umzekelo, ukuqala kuhlobo oluthile lweetshokoleti ukuya kwezimnandi,sinako konke okufunayo ukwenza usuku lwabathandanayo lube lusuku olukhethekileyo, okanye ukunikeza isipho esinganyibilikisa intliziyo. Khetha kwiitshokoleti ezikhethekileyo zakwaPremium. Ukunyoba Esi sixhobo sijolise ekulukuhleni abantu bathenge oko kuthengiswayo bebathembisa ngokubanika into efana nesaphulelo, imbuyekezo, ikhuponi nesipho esisimahla.Ezinye zazo zihambelana ngokhuphiswano, iziqinisekiso ezikhethekileyo, umzekelo jonga isiqinisekiso sakho sokubhatala ubone iivawutsha zethu ezivuyisana nosuku lokuzalwa okanye ingazizigidi zeevawutsha ekufuneka zifumanekile. Ngamanye amaxa ingayimbalelwano ejolise nakubani umzekelo, Mnumzana Tebza ikhampani yakwa Coleman ivuyisana nawe ngosuku lwakho lokuzalwa, ukwabelana nawe ngolu suku lwakho sikunika isiqinisekiso sesaphulelo seshumi ekhulwini (10%) kwizinto ongazithenga namhlanje. Amabango acacileyo Yinto ebekwe ngendlela engqalileyo necaciswe ngokupheleleyo okanye ibonakaliswe kakuhle umsebenzi wayo, umzekelo ezinye iintengiso zixela ixabiso,zichaze nezithako ezifumaneka kwimveliso okanye inani lezinto ezifumaneka kwipakethe/isingxobo eso. Amanye amabango acaciswa kakuhle kuxa kusetyenziswa izithembiso ezikholelekayo malunga nomgangatho wemveliso, indlela efezekileyo esebenza ngayo ,okanye uthembele kuyo umzekelo “isebenza kwimizuzu emihlanu kuphela”. Uloyiko Abathengisi basebenzisa izinto ezicatshukelwayo/ezithiyiweyo okanye ezoyikwayo ngabantu, umzekelo abezopolitiko bakusebenzisa kakhulu oku xa begaya inkxaso yevoti ngokuthi baveze izinto ezifana neerhafu ezinyukileyo, ubuvukeli-mbuso nezinye ukuze kuvotelwe bona hayi abaphikisayo. Omnye umzekelo ngowokuba ezethu iimveliso azifani nezabanye kuba zivavanywe zaphunyezwa ukuba zikhuselekile ebantwaneni, akukho ziqhushumbisi, okanye iimpawu zokutsha. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 27

Uburharha Inkoliso yeentengiso zisebenzisa kakhulu uburharha okanye udlalo-magama, kuba zitsala umdla kwaye sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu ekutsaleni abathengi. Jonga intengiso elandelayo: Cacisa uburharha kwitekisi. Intengiso yeListerine isihlambi-mlomo. Ugxininiso Ulwimi lwentengiso lunamagama amaninzi agxininisayo ,oku kuquka ubukhulu obumangalisayo,ukutshatshela,ubukhulu becala, eyona ikhawulezayo, amaxabiso aphantsi, uthelekiso (ngaphaya, ngcono kuno, iphunyeziwe, yonyusiwe, ezimbalwa, izibaxo ezifana (iyamangalisa, iyancomeka, kuye ekupheleni) kunye nezinye iindlela ezinokubangela ukuba kubethelelwe okanye kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwale nto ithengiswayo. Abantu nje/ abaphila kwinqanaba elisezantsi Esi sixhobo siyasebenza ukuze abantu bangakholelwa kwinto ethethwa ngumntu nje ongaziwayo, bakholelwe umntu okrelekrele nosaziwayo owamkela imali ephezulu.Sisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthengiseni iimveliso ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ngabantu umzekelo, iintengiso ye OMO isoloko isebenzisa abantu nje. Ubushushu nengqiqo Esi sixhobo sisebenzisa imifanekiso echukumisayo (yosapho, abantwana nezilwanyana) ukuvuselela iimeko zovakalelo ezanelisayo, ezithuthuzelayo nezimnandi. Kungafakwa nomculo othomalalisayo,onelizwi elimnandi namazwi afana no “phola okanye ukuwola”. Ubuxoki obukhulu Kulapho kusetyenziswa isibaxo ubukhulu becala,umzekelo ubani athethe ubuxoki eqinisekile, ezithembile asebenzise nenkangeleko yakhe ukuze abantu bamkholelwe. Ukuze buqapheleke ubuxoki bufuna ubani acinge nzulu, asebenzise ubulumko bokuba abuze imibuzo engafane ibuzwe ngabanye abantu. Inkangeleko eqhathayo Ngamanye amaxesha abalukuhli iba ngabantu ababonakala bengoyiki, bomelele kwaye bezithembile.Abantu basoloko bengabalandeli beenkokheli ezinjengezi, nangona bengahambisani noko bakutshoyo nokuba izinto ziyabachaphazela. 28 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Ukuqhatha Oku kuyasebenza kuba abantu bayakuthanda ukunconywa kwaye basoloko bekholelwa kubantu ababathandayo, umzekelo ezinye zidla ngokuthi: “uyayazi into elungileyo nekufaneleyo xa uyibona”. “ulindele into esemgangathweni”. “Sebenza nzima ukuze uphile”. “Ikufanele”. Isiphiwo sengqondo (charisma) Ngamanye amaxesha abalukuhli bangaphumelela ngokuba nembonakalo yokuzithemba ukuqiniseka ukomelela nokuba nesibindi. Abantu bayathanda ukulandela abantu abanesiphiwo. Ukuthanda ukuthandeka Oku kuyasebenza kuba abantu bayakuthanda ukunconywa kwaye basoloko bekholelwa kubantu ababathandayo, umzekelo ezinye zidla ngokuthi: “uyayazi into elungileyo nekufaneleyo xa uyibona” “ulindele into esemgangathweni” “Sebenza nzima ukuze uphile” “Ikufanele” Amagama avisa kamnandi agqamileyo jikelele Asetyenziselwa ukuvuselela imvakalelo emnandi neyonwabisayo, umzekelo impucuko, inkululeko, ubuzali ubuthandazwe, ubuhle, umama, uthando njalo njalo. Ukubizwa ngamagama Kukubizwa ngegama elibangela ukuba ungevi kamnandi /ungonwabi emphefumlweni, umzekelo uyonqena, uyahleba ,ulixoki njalo njalo. Entsha Ligama elinamandla elisetyenziswa kwizibhengezo ntengiso umzekelo linamandla ongezelelweyo, intsha kraca Inkumbulo (nostaljiya) Amagama athembisa ukubuyisela izinto kwimo yangaphambili ingakumbi kwebikhangeleka imnandi. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 29

Izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukungqina uluvo Umzekelo ukusetyenziswa kwetshathi, igrafu enamanani. Izisombululo ezilula Ngamagama asetyenziswa ngabalukuhli ukuzisa isisombululo kwingxaki leyo, umzekelo ukuthotywa kwerhafu, imithetho emitsha iinkqubo zikaRhulumente, umzekelo abathengisi bayakucebisa ukuba isithambisi sobuso siza kwenza ube mncinci, ube mhle uphumelele udume. Ukukhawulwa kwamakhadi Isetyenziselwa ukufihla ulwazi obelunokunceda abantu ukuba bathathe izigqibo ezizizo. Adla ngokuveza imbono ethile exhasa uluvo oluthile bashiye iingxoxo eziphikisa olu luvo. Ukufanisa (analoji) Usebenzisa inkcazelo ukuthelekisa iimeko ezithile. Unobangela kunye nokulungelelanisa Ngeli xesha uwaziyo unobangela nezizathu kodwa usengakubhidisa umlukuhli akufika. Ukungamkeli Eli liqhinga lokuzama ukubaleka inxaxheba yokwenza into ethile ingakumbi exoxisayo. Isenokuba ngqo okanye ibe mayana. Ukuphazamiseka Eli liqhinga apho umdla wethu uye ususwe kwingxaki ngokuthi kuvezwe umba owahlukileyo ngakumbi umlukuhli xa efuna ukukuqhatha. Isetyenziswa ukufihla inxalenye yebalana abangafuni ukuba livele. Undlela lula wokuphuma engxakini Kulapho utyhola umntu/ iqela/ uhlanga/ inkolo malunga nengxaki ebangelwe nguwe. Ukufumana into ungayibhatalelanga Abantu bakholelwa kwinto yokuba uthenge into ze ufumane enye mahala. Ukungxamiseka Kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo Walala! Wasala! 30 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

UMSEBENZI 3 Funda le tekisi ilandelayo uchonge ulwimi olulukuhlayo/ oluqhathayo/ olujija ingqondo/ olucengayo; uchaze kananjalo ukuba lunafuthe luni kubantu ekujoliswe kubo. [Sicatshulwe kwi-intanethi-www.cartoonstock.com] UMSEBENZI 4: ISIBHENGEZO-NTENGISO Ucinga ukuba umbhali uzivelele na zonke iimpawu zika-AIDA (Qwalasela, umdla, imfuno nentshukumo) xoxa nomhlobo wakho. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 31

INEEVITHAMINI KUNYE NEKHALISIYAM AMASI ANAMAFUTHA NENGQAKA AKUKHO OKWEDLULA INKOMAZI INKOMAZI IHAMBA PHAMBILI UMSEBENZI 5 UMSEBENZI 5 Yenza isibhengezo-ntengiso oza kusikhupha kwiphephandaba Yenza isibhengezo-ntengiso uqaphela oza kusikhupha umba ka-AIDA, ulwimi kwiphephandaba olujijaumba ka- uqaphela ingqondo,usebenzisa ulwimi lwesibhengezo namagama ajija ingqondo umxholo ube ngamagama ali-100–120. AIDA, ulwimi olujija ingqondo,usebenzisa ulwimi lwesibhengezo namagama ajija 3.7 Ukukekelela kwicala ingqondo elithile, umxholo ube ubungqondo lukhuni ukuqala ugwebe, ngamagama ali-100–120. 3.7 Ukukekelela kwicala elithile, ubungqondo lukhuni ukuqala ugwebe, ucalucalulo ucalucalulo 47 UMSEBENZI 6  Nika inkcazelo yegama ubungqondo lukhuni wenze uluhlu lwamagama asetyenziswa kulutsha, umzekelo, ULUTSHA ALUKHATHALI. Amagama abhalwa 32 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 ebhodini kuyalelwe abafundi ukuba bawahlengahlengise ngokwezintlu ezintathu:

UMSEBENZI 6 • Nika inkcazelo yegama ubungqondo lukhuni wenze uluhlu lwamagama asetyenziswa kulutsha, umzekelo, ULUTSHA ALUKHATHALI. Amagama abhalwa ebhodini kuyalelwe abafundi ukuba bawahlengahlengise ngokwezintlu ezintathu: Lawo ababonakalisa njengabenzi bezinto ezilungileyo, lawo aphakathi nalawo ababonisa bebabi. • Xoxani njengeqela ukuba niqaphela ntoni ngala magama. • Asetyenziswa xa kutheni? Anafuthe lini kuni? • Niyawathanda okanye aniwathandi? UMSEBENZI 7 Ukuba igama livele kabini nangaphezulu xoxani ukuba iguquka njani intsingiselo ngokubuza le mibuzo ilandelayo: • Akwenza uzive njani la magama abhaliweyo? • Uqaphela ntoni ngolu luhlu lwamagama longqondo lukhuni? • Ukhe wawabona phi la magama? Ukhe wawabona kwimagazini, kumabonakude encwadini? • Ingaba la magama anganafuthe lini ekwenzeni omnye umntu avakalelwe ngendlela angayithandiyo? Umzekelo, Abafazi bapheka bhetele kunamadoda. Amantombazana akazombaleki ukogqitha amakhwenkwe. UMSEBENZI 8 Bhala isincoko esibonakalisa amava akho ngokubhekiselele kwiimbono ezicalanye okanye ubungqondo lukhuni. Khumbula ukucwangcisa, ukuyila, ukuhlaziya, ukuhlela, ukulungisa iziphene nokunikezela. UMSEBENZI 9 • Sebenzisa amava akho ukulolonga imifanekiso, ukufunda itekisi, nokujonga ulwazi olubekwe ngokwamanani ukubonisa ubungqondo lukhuni neembono ezikekelele calanye. • Ingaba oku kusetyenziswa njani kwikhathuni, kwimifanekiso nolwimi lonxibelelwano? Unike izizathu neziphumo ezinokuba khona. • Sebenzisa ulwazi lwamanani ukubonakalisa izimvo ezahlukeneyo ezimbini. • Enye ingaba yeyabantu ebebekhona nenkxaso yeqela lesizwe ebelidlala nelinye, kanti enye ingayeyokubonakalisa ungcikivo kubantu ebebekhona kunye nenkxaso. INKCAZELO –Jonga kwisahlukwana 3.4 ukufumana ingcaciso yolwimi: Olukekelela kwicala elithile, ulubungqondo-lukhuni, ukuqal’ugwebe nokucalu-calula. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 33

Olukekelela kwicala elithile, ulubungqondo-lukhuni, ukuqal’ugwebe nokucalu-calula. UBUNGQONDO LUKHUNI, UKUQALA UGWEBE NOCALUCALULO Ubungqondo Ubungqondo lukhuni: ingqiqo lukhuni Umthiya njani umntu ngokodidi? Ukuqala ugwebe: ifuthe Uziva njani ngomntu? Oku kukuveza njengomntu onjani kuye? Unxulumano Ucalucalulo: ukuziphatha Ndenza njani xa ndimbona? Ucalucalulo Ukuqala ugwebe Iimpawu Iimpawu zokukekelela zokukekelela kwicala kwicala elithile elithile ngokwezimvo ngokwezimvo •  Ukukekelela Ukukekelela kwicala kwicala elithile elithile kuyasichaphazela kuyasichaphazela sonke. sonke.  Kusoloko kubonakala njengento engamkelekanga nangento ekufuneka • Kusoloko kubonakala njengento engamkelekanga nangento ekufuneka siyibaleke, kodwa ke akukho nanye imekosiyibaleke, kodwa engakekeleliyo keelithile. kwicala akukho nanye imeko engakekeleliyo kwicala elithile. • Luluvo lokuba into intle okanye imbi okuye kube 49 nefuthe kwindlela oyilawula ngayo. Kusoloko kubaphatha kakubi abanye ngenxa yendlela ebachaphazela ngayo ngokweminyaka, ngokukhubazeka, ubuhlanga, imvelaphi yesizwe, inkolo, icala lopolitiko olukhethileyo, ingqiqo nesini. • Intsukaphi yayo: uloyiko, ukungaqondani, ukucaphukelana, amava angalunganga. • Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya ukuthetha izinto ezihlekisayo, ukubiza abantu ngamagama amabi, ubungqondo lukhuni, igrafiti enyembayo, ukuba likheswa, ukukekelela kwicala elithile kungakhokelela kucalucalulo nokungalingani. • Ukukekelela kwicala elithile kunempembelelo kwindlela esiziphatha ngayo kwabanye abantu, kwiindawo, kwiingxaki zabo, amava amalunga nesini, iminyaka, isigaba, inkolo, ukuxabiseka konke kuyasichaphazela. Iintlobo zonxibelelwano ezithambekela kwicala elithile. Unxibelelwano olukekelele kwicala elithile lujolise koonondaba nabavelisi beendaba kwezonxibelelwano nabathi bakekelele kwicala elithile xa beveza izimvo zabo. Olu kekelelo caleni lithile lukho kwiindawo zonke qha kunzima ukuqapheleka. Kubalukekile ke ukuba kuthelekiswe iindidi zeendawo ofumana kulo ulwazi kuba ukuvezwa kwezinto kwezonxibelelwano kusoloko kukhetha icala. Unxibelelwano olukekelela kwicala elithile lusoloko luveza iziganeko namabali ngendlela ababona ngayo. Masijonge ezi ndidi zilandelayo: Ukukekelela kwicala elithile kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni okanye ukushiya ulwazi Oku kubhekiselele kumabali neziganeko ezifakwayo nezingafakwayo. Olu khetho lolwazi lungabe luqhutywa ziingcamango zabo balawula ukuveliswa kweendaba. Unondaba angakhupha icala elithile lenqaku okanye uluhlu lwamanqaku ngokwexesha elithile. Okusetyenziswa kwezonxibelelwano kungaqaqambisa okanye kube nempembelelo kwindlela esitolika ngayo oko sikuvayo. 34 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Kwinqaku ngalinye elikhethiweyo kubakho amanye ashiyelelwayo. Ingaba kwinqaku ngalinye okubonayo kuyimbonakalo eyiyo yobomi? Zeziphi iimpawu ezifana ngazo? Umzekelo: ingaba zonke zingobundlobongela, abantu abadumileyo, ubutyebi? Ingaba eminye imithombo yolwazi iquka ezinye izinto ezishiyelelwayo ngabanye? Ukukekelela kwicala elithile ngokukhutshwa kolwazi Ngumkhwa wokuba ezindabeni kugqame amanqaku athile ahambisana neqela elithile lo gama iimbono zamaqela athile ngakumbi aphikisayo zingajongelwa ntweni. Ukukekelela kwicala elithile ngokubeka amabala Leliphi igama elisetyenziswayo ukuchaza izenzo zeqela elithile? Olu kekelelo kwicala elithile luza ngeendlela ezimbini: ukutyabeka elinye iqela ngelona gama lalikhe lalibi lo gama elinye iqela liza kunikwa amagama nje okanye linganikwa. Eyesibini indlela yokuthiya amagama kuxa unondaba engakwazi ukuchonga koko achaze umntu okanye iqela ngamagama amkelekileyo afana nenkcutshe, iqela elizimeleyo. Ukukekelela kwicala elithile ujikeleza kwinto enye Oku kwenzeka xa inqaku linendlela enye yokutolika isiganeko okanye ipolisi, lingasi so kwezinye iindlela, oku kujikeleza kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwethoni, unondaba ukekelela kwicala elithile ngenyaniso, umzekelo, ayibaleke into ethile apho aza kwenza icala elithile likhangeleke ngcono kunelinye. Ukukekelela kwicala elithile kusetyenziswa ugxininiso Apha kujongwa amanqaku asoloko ekwiphepha lokuqala kwiphephandaba namabali asoloko efumana iingongoma eziphambili. Qaphela indlela okuthi oku kube nefuthe ekubalulekeni kwenqaku elo ebantwini. Ukukekelela kwicala elithile kusetyenziswa uphindaphindo Ukuphindaphindwa kwesiganeko okanye umba othile kungakhokelela ukuba kuyinyani okanye kubaluleke kakhulu kunohlobo okululo. Ukukekelela kwicala elithile kusetyenziswa isihloko Ezinye zezihloko ziyakhohlisa, kuba injongo yazo ephambili kukutsala umdla. Abantu abaninzi bafunda iingongoma eziphambili ezinokubangela ukuba eyona nto eyiyo bangayifumani okanye into engenamsebenzi bayenze into enkulu, umzekelo, xa isihloko sisithi ukubethwa kwabantwana ezikolweni umntu angacinga ukuba kuthethwa ngokubethwa kwabantwana kanti simalunga neziphumo zokubethwa kwabantwana. Ukukekelela kwicala elithile kusetyenziswa ulwazi lwamanani nokubalwa Ukuba aziphelelanga, azichanekanga ziyakhetha zibangela ulwazi lukekelele ecaleni elithile. Olu lwazi lwamanani kufuneka lutolikwe kwaye lusoloko lusetyenziswa ukukunika uluvo olungelulo. Umzekelo, ngokwezi nkcazelo: loluphi ulwazi lwamanani ongalusebenzisa ukukholisa abantu ukuba isigwebo sentambo yimbono entle? Kangangama -30% yabantu bayawuxhasa lo mba, ukanti ama-70% ayawuchasa. Ubungqondo lukhuni Ziingcinga ezibethelelekileyo zeqela ezisoloko zijoliswe kwiqela elithile. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 35

Iindidi zobungqondo-lukhuni Ngokwesini Umzekelo, sithi xa sithetha oomama ngabapheki abaphume izandla. Ootata bomelele. Oomama ngabaqhubi ababuthathaka. Imizekelo yamaqhalo, izaci, neentetho nje ezijoliswe kubungqondo lukhuni besini: ungaqali ngokwendlala indoda ingekafiki. Indawo yomfazi isekhitshini. Indoda enenkomo ayifunwa ngeentlamba. Ubungqondo lukhuni ngokweqela okanye umntu buqu Imizekelo ebhekiselele kulutsha, abantwana njalo njalo.Ulutsha lonke alumameli, abantwana abakuthandi ukutya okunempilo. Ukuba ibala lakho liyakhanya uthathwa njengomntu omhle. Ubungqondo lukhuni ngokubhekiselele kubume bomzimba – Umzekelo abantu abatyebileyo bayonqena. Ubungqondo lukhuni ngokwenkcubeko Umzekelo kumaXhosa iba ngathi benza into embi xa abalingane bethandana ekuhleni ukanti kwabamhlophe ibonwa njengento entle. Abafazi bamaXhosa banembeko kubayeni nakubantu bomzi. Ukuqala ugwebe ungakhange uwavelele omabini amacala Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo into enombala omhlophe ibonwe njengenyulu kanti umbala omnyama ibonwe njengengalunganga. Indlela zokulawula ukuqala ugwebe ungakhange uwavelele omabini amacala Ukubeka umntu amabala, izihlekiso, iikhathuni nezinye ezithethwayo okanye ezingathethwayo. Ukuphepha Ukuqalugwebe xa kujoliwe kumntu othile aze azibone engathandeki kwelo qela. Ukulwa Indlela ovakalelwa ngayo ngenxa yomba othile loo nto ingakhokelela emlweni. Ucalucalulo Kukwahlula/ukukhetha abantu okuye kukhokelele kwimpixano yabantu beqela elo. Imizekelo, ukungavumi abantu bafumane umsebenzi ngenxa yebala, ubuhlanga, isini, inkolo neminyaka. Ukucalucalula abantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe. Ubuhlanga njengomzekelo wocalucalulo • Kulapho umntu acinga ukuba ibala limenza bhetele kunabanye abantu. • Ucalucalulo ayiyonto yobumhlophe nobumnyama kuphela, abanye abantu basacalucalulwa kuba bejongeka ngokwahlukileyo, bethetha ulwimi olwahlukileyo. • Ucalucalulo luquka ukukhetha abantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe. Umzekelo, ucalucalule ngokobuzwe (xenophobia). • Uziva njani xa ucalucalulwa? Umzekelo kakubi, unomsindo, ukhathazekile, uneentloni, uziva uhlazekile. • Uziva njani xa inguwe ocalucalulayo? Umzekelo unamandla. Jonga kulwimi namagunya ngasentla. 36 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

• Kutheni abanye abantu beziva benegunya ngaphezu kwabanye abantu kwiqela? Umntu akakwazi ukulawula ubomi bakhe, okanye kukho umntu omcalucalulayo yaye abone ukuba makacalucalule naye. UMSEBENZI 10 Chonga kwitekisi/imagazini/kwiinkqubo zikamabonakude ulwimi olukekelele kwicala elinye, ubungqondo lukhuni, olucalucalulayo, oluqala lugwebe ungajonganga onke amacala. UMSEBENZI 11 Funda eli nqaku lephephandaba ukuze uphendule le mibuzo ilandelayo. Isolezwe :Izimvo/3 June 2016, 2:30pm/Noku Katom Ootata Iminyaka emininzi bekungekho nto intle yokuthetha ngabantu basebuhlanti. Nangoku kule nyanga siyiqalalyo, kukho usuku lootata ongasoze uve nto tu ngalo. Into eyenzekayo zizijwili nencwina kuba kaloku abantu abaninzi abananto intle yokuthetha ngomntu ongutata. Isimanga ke sesokuba sihleli nabantu abangootata ezindlwini. Umhla nezolo abantu bazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato, nomntu ongutata ukhona apho. Umhla nezolo kukho umntwana ozalwayo, loo nto ithethe ukuthi utata ‘ukhona’ kodwa ngendlela ekuthetheka ngayo umntu ongutata ‘akakho’. Izinto zona ziyenzeka ezibonisa ukuba umntu ongutata ukhona. Izinto ke ziyajika kulo nyaka. Kwanele ngokusengelana phantsi ngokwezini. Ekuphuhliseni kwethu amanina nabantwana abangamantombazana siye sabashiya ngasemva ootata nabantwana abangamakhwenkwe sibe phofu sinyanzelekile ukuba siphile nabo. Ithi le nto ndiza nayo, ukuba indlela obona ngayo izinto ayitshintshi, uya kuhlala ubona izinto ngohlobo olunye. Ukuba sithetha ngale ndlela sithetha ngayo ngabantu abangootata, kuza kwenzeka le nto isezingqondweni nasemilonyeni yethu. Nam ndingomnye wabantu ababengathethi kamnandi ngootata kwaye loo nto zange indincede. Ukusuka apho bendibona ububi obenziwa ngootata qho kusisa. Ingaba umbhali uzivelisa njani iingxoxo zakhe? Ingaba umyalezo ucalanye, okanye uquka eziye iimbono ezizezinye? Ingaba umbhali uzivelela ngokulinganayo iimbono ezizezinye? Ingaba umbhali uyayihoya imiba ephikisanayo? 1. Ukuba umyalezo uquka ezinye iimbono ingaba zinjani iimpawu zezi mbono? Ingaba umbhali usebenzisa amagama akhayo nemifanekiso ukuchaza iimbono zakhe okanye asebenzise amagama angakhiyo nemifanekiso ukuchaza iimbono ezizezinye? Ingaba umbhali uyakhuthaza kwiimbono zakhe, ukuze agxeke kwiimbono ezizezinye? UMSEBENZI 12 Bhala ibali elaziwayo ulivelele kwenye inkalo, umzekelo, Ubulumko bezinja ngokubhalwe nguR. Siyongwana, ulibhale ngokwembono zomnini zinja. 4. ULUVO NENYANI Okulindelekileyo ngokoxwebhu lukaCAPS: Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha. Yahlula phakathi koluvo nenyani. Ubuchule bokufunda nokubukela. Chonga izivakalisi ezibonisa uluvo nezo zibonisa inyani. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 37

Ngamanye amaxesha kuba nzima ukohlula izivakalisi ezibonisa inyani okanye uluvo. Uluvo • Uluvo yinkcazo engenabungqina. Yiloo nto umntu akholelwa kuyo. • Uluvo yindlela umntu avakalelwa ngayo kwisihloko esithile. • Uluvo lusenakho ukuxoxwa kude kubekho isivumelwano. • Uluvo lungaxhaswa ngobungqina obufumanekayo. Umzekelo, Ikofu inencasa emnandi. Isithandathu Ithoba NDICINGA UKUBA … Inyani Inyani  Inyani ingangqinwa ubunyani bayo okanye ukungabiyonyani kwayo. • Inyani ingangqinwa ubunyani bayo okanye ukungabiyonyani kwayo. Ingaba esi sivakalisi sibhalwe ngqindilili siyinyani na? • Ukuba Ingaba esi unabo ubungqina sivakalisi sibhalwe ngesivakalisi ngqindilili osinikiweyo oko kuthetha ukuba siyinyani na? siyinyani, umzekelo, Umvundla sisilwanyana esincancisayo. • Ungajonga Ukuba kwisichazi unabo ubungqina magama ngesivakalisi ufumaneoko osinikiweyo ubungqina bokuba kuthetha ukuba esi sivakalisi siyinyani, umzekelo, Umvundla sisilwanyana esincancisayo. singentla yinyani okanye luluvo. • Umzekelo, Ungajonga umbala kwisichazi omdaka magama ngowona ufumane mbala ubungqina mhle bokuba esiezinjeni. sivakalisi singentla yinyani okanye luluvo. • Umzekelo, umbala omdaka ngowona mbala mhle ezinjeni.  Ingaba sinabo ubungqina boku? Hayi, loo nto ithetha ukuba luluvo.  Oko sikufundayo nesikubonayo kungumxube wezinto eziyinyani neziluluvo. • Ingaba sinabo ubungqina boku? Hayi, loo nto ithetha ukuba luluvo.  Ukwahlula phakathi kwenkcazo eyinyani neluluvo kubalulekile • Oko sikufundayo nesikubonayo ekuphononongeni itekisi,kungumxube wezinto eziyinyani ukuzisa iingxoxo ukuze ubanineziluluvo. akwazi ukwamkela oko • kuthethwayo Ukwahlula phakathikwenza ukuba kwenkcazo sibeneluluvo eyinyani ngabemi abakwaziyo kubalulekile ukwakha isizwe ekuphononongeni itekisi, ukuzisa iingxoxo 38 esingcono. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

ukuze ubani akwazi ukwamkela oko kuthethwayo kwenza ukuba sibe ngabemi abakwaziyo ukwakha isizwe esingcono. UMSEBENZI 13 Xela ukuba ezi zivakalisi zilandelayo ziluluvo okanye inyani. INYANI ULUVO Usuku lwakho lokuzalwa luza kanye ngonyaka Usuku lolutsha (Juni 16) lolona suku lwekhefu lubalulekileyo. Ipasika ibhiyozelwa eKwindla. Inyanga kaEpreli yinyanga eneentsuku ezingama-30 Onke amabali kumajelo osasazo ayinyani UMSEBENZI 14 Xela ukuba izivakalisi ezibhalwe ngqindilili ziyinyani okanye luluvo. Iingxaki bayazazi, baxinge phi? Isolezwe :Izimvo/3 June 2016, 2:30pm/Nompucuko Zakaza eQonce, Zwelitsha Ndizive ndingenako ukuthi cwaka emva kokufunda inqaku lakho (01 EyeSilimela 2016, ikhasi 11) elithetha ngezifundiswa ezingenzi nto ngezo zinto zizifundeleyo okanye ziziphandileyo. Ewe kunganjalo, ingakumbi xa sifundele izinto ezifika zingabinayo ncakasana indawo kwintlalo yethu. Okokuqala xa sisenza uphando, sicela imvume kumaSebe aqondene nezihloko ezo. Kwakhona sifumana isiqinisekiso senkxaso yesihloko sophando olo kunye nendima olunokuyidlala kwabo bachaphazelekayo. Yonke le nto yenziwa ngenkcitho-mali evela kwimizi namaSebe anikisa ngenkxaso-mali ukuze kuphuhle ezi zifundo. Kuba mnandi kuphela ngexesha kusenziwa izivumelwano ngezifundo ezo, kodwa emva kokuba abafundi bephumelele, kunqabile ukuba kubekho imisebenzi eqondene noko bebekufunda. Nalapho ithe yakho khona loo misebenzi, kunqabile ukuba ibe ijoliswe ngqo kuloo nto abafundi abo bebeyifunda okanye besenza uphando ngayo. Izidanga ke ziba zezamaphepha nokwenza nje indumasi yomzuzwana. UNompucuko Zakaza uzisebenzela ngeentsomi zesiXhosa kwaye wathweswa isidanga seeMasters kwicandelo leelwimi zesiNtu eRhodes ngowama-2015. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 39

5. UKUZICINGELA/INGQIKELELO IMPIKISWANO 5. UKUZICINGELA/INGQIKELELO IMPIKISWANO 5.1 Ukuzicingela 5.1 Ukuzicingela UKUZICINGELA Abafundi bangaqonda nzulu ngebali xa bekhangela imikhombandlela ngeentshukumo neentetho zabalinganiswa, okwenziwa nokuthethwa ngabalinganiswa. Ithi loo nto Banxibe Ithi loo nto bayawuthanda iidyasi kuyabanda umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo  Ukuzicingela kukuthatha isigqibo ngokubhekiselele kubungqina nokucinga • Ukuzicingela kukuthatha isigqibo ngokubhekiselele kubungqina nokucinga nzulu. nzulu. •  Ukuzicingela Ukuzicingela kukuthekelela kukuthekelela intsingiselo intsingiselo ngokujolise kuloongokujolise kuloo mba kuthethwa mba ngawo kuthethwa ukususela kuloo nto enokuthi ikuncede ekuzeni noluvo lwakho ngomba lowo. ngawo ukususela kuloo nto enokuthi ikuncede ekuzeni noluvo lwakho ngomba • lowo.siza nentsingiselo engachazwanga kwitekisi. Sisebenzisa imikhombandlela, inkcazo Xa sizicingela eyinyani, amava kunye nolwazi lwangaphambili ukwenza ingqikelelo, nokubuza imibuzo efuna ingcaciso  Xa sizicingela siza nentsingiselo engachazwanga kwitekisi. Sisebenzisa ngesingaqinisekanga ngako kwitekisi. imikhombandlela, inkcazo eyinyani, amava kunye nolwazi lwangaphambili • Onke amaqhinga anokusetyenziswa ukuncedisa umfundi ukuqonda itekisi. ukwenza ingqikelelo, nokubuza imibuzo efuna ingcaciso ngesingaqinisekanga ngako kwitekisi.  Onke amaqhinga anokusetyenziswa ukuncedisa umfundi ukuqonda itekisi. Ukubuza imibuzo ukwenza Ukuqikelela unxulumano Amaqhinga okuncedisa ukusebenzisa ukuzicingela ukwenza ulwazi umfanekiso lwangaphambili ngqondweni ukuhlalutya Ukuthatha itekisi utolika isigqibo / ukugweba 58 5.2 Ukuzicingela okuhambisana nobungqina okanye ukungabi nabungqina: Singafikelela kwimiba eyinyani, engqinisisiweyo, ukusukela kulwazi oluyinyani, umzekelo, ngenxa yezi nyaniso zilandelayo singafikelela kwezi zigqibo 40 ziqiqisiweyo. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

5.2 Ukuzicingela okuhambisana nobungqina okanye ukungabi nabungqina: Singafikelela kwimiba eyinyani, engqinisisiweyo, ukusukela kulwazi oluyinyani, umzekelo, ngenxa yezi nyaniso zilandelayo singafikelela kwezi zigqibo ziqiqisiweyo. Inyani: Ingonyama ingabaleka iikhilomitha ezingama-30 ngeyure. Ihlosi lingabaleka ukogqitha ingonyama. Isigqibo ihlosi lingabaleka ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-30 ngeyure. Ukuzicingela okungeyonyani kuxhomekeke kwinkcazo engeyonyani, kulwazi olungathethwayo olufana neenkangeleko zobuso kunye nolwimi lomzimba. 5.3 Ukuqikelela • Ukuqikelela yinto ocingela ukuba yinyani engachazwanga neenkolelo ekusoloko kunzima ukuzincina, naxa ungenabungqina buphathekayo. Amaxesha amaninzi iba yinto esiyifumene kwixesha elidlulileyo nesingayibuzanga. Ibhekiselele kwinto eyamkelekileyo njengenyaniso okanye ekuqinisekileyo ukuba ingenzeka kungekho bungqina. • Uqikelelo olufihlakeleyo – yinkolelo ebisetyenziswa njengengcinga ekusenokuba ayiyonyani okanye engachanekanga Iingqikelelo ziyinxalenye yeenkolelo zethu. Sicinga ukuba iinkolelo zethu ziyinyaniso kwaye sizisebenzisa ukutolika izinto eziqhubekayo kwihlabathi. Umzekelo, ukuba siyakholelwa ukuba kuyingozi ukuhamba ebusuku ezilokishini kwaye sihlala eSoweto, loo nto ithetha ukuba singazicingela ukuba kuyingozi ukuhamba ebusuku. Imizekelo yokuzicingela neengqikelelo Umntu wokuqala Umntu wesibini Imeko: Ekupheleni kweseti umdlali wentenetya Imeko: Ekupheleni kweseti umdlali wentenetya oncumileyo uphakamisa ingalo yakhe. oncumileyo uphakamisa ingalo yakhe. Ukuzicingela: Umdlali wentenetya uwuphumelele Ukuzicingela: Umdlali uyayamkela imeko yokoyiswa umdlalo. kwakhe Ukuqikelela: Abadlali ababhiyozayo ekupheleni komdlalo Ukuqikelela: Nabani na ophakamisa ingalo yakhe ngabo baphumeleleyo. ubonakalisa ukwamkela ukoyiswa. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 41

5.4 Impikiswano Impikiswano sisizathu okanye yinxalenye yezizathu ezinikwayo ukuxhasa imbono, intshukumo okanye ingcingane. Impikiswano zizizathu ezisetyenziswa kwiziphakamiso (amabango nokubanga amagunya). Iziphakamiso ziza ngeendlela ezintathu: Amabango ayinyani, izimvo kunye neengcinga. Impikiswano izisa impembelelo kumfundi ukusebenzisa ubungqina nokuqiqa ukuveza uluvo lwakhe. Impikiswano iqulathe inkqubo esekelezwe kwibango nobunyani obuqinisekisiweyo ngokuqiqa nemizekelo kunye nophando. Inxaxheba yababukeli • Ukuqonda ababukeli bakho kungundoqo kuzo zonke iintlobo zobhalo olunempumelelo ngakumbi kubhalo olulukuhlayo. • Impikiswano yingxoxo epheleleyo okanye utshintshiselwano nababukeli ekubhaleni impikiswano uqikelela ukuba kukho umfundi ongazukungqinelana nawe. • Ukuqondiswa kwababukeli kungundoqo kwingxoxo elukuhlayo ngoko ke kufuneka oku: o Yazi ababukeli bakho. o Zithini ingcinga zabo ngaloo mba? o Baziva njani ngawo? o Ingaba bavuleke ngokwaneleyo ukuqwalasela iingcinga ezahlukileyo kwezabo? o Ziyintoni iinjongo zabo kule mpikiswano? Imizekelo yempikiswano Igqwetha: Umntu endimmeleyo ebesebaleni ngexesha kuqhubeka ingxolo. Amangqina amaninzi ayavuma ukuba ebembonile phaya. Kwaye itikiti lakhe libonakalisa ukuba khange ahambe de yabe loo ngxolo ingamkelekanga ixeliwe. Loo nto ithetha ukuba akanatyala/ akophulanga mthetho. Ukubaluleka kwempikiswano nokulukuhla kubomi bemihla ngemihla Ukufuna ukunyuselwa umvuzo, ukwenza isicelo somsebenzi, ukuthethathethana ngexabiso lemoto entsha, ingxoxo kwinkundla yemithetho yezendlela. Ubomi bezemfundo Ukukhusela izimvo zakho, ukuba yinxalenye yeengxoxo ezixhokonkxa ingqiqo. 42 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Emsebenzini Ukufuna abantu baphulaphule izimvo zakho, ukubathimba babe ngakuwe, ukufumana intsebenziswano, nokubaqhubela ekwenzeni intshukumo. Ekubhaleni Ubhalo olungenakuphikiswa ekuvezeni imbono. Ekufundeni nasekuphulaphuleni Ukuvavanya ngokukodwa iingxoxo zabanye, uzikhusela kwimikhwa engekho sesikweni elukuhlayo uqaphele izizathu ezigwenxa xa uzibona. Isakhiwo sempikiswano Impikiswano iveza izizathu nobungqina bokuxhasa uluvo. Ubume bempikiswano UMB A: ingxaki leyo abantu baphikisana ngayo IBANGO: Ubume bomba lowo. INKXASO: Izizathu nobungqina bokuba ibango elo lifanelekile kwaye malamkeleke UKUPHIKISA: Ukuphikisa iimbono Indidi zamabango IBANGO LENYANI: Yinkcaso enobungqina eqinisekisiweyo ngophando Umzekelo ‘kwishumi leminyaka iimvula ezitshabalalisayo ziya kuba ngunobangela wokuphela tu kwezilwanyana nezityalo’. IXABISO LEBANGO: Lixela ukuba enye into okanye izimvo ziphucukile okanye zinqweneleka ngcono kunezinye Umzekelo “ukufumana iinkonzo zasekuhlaleni kwizikolo zemfundo ephakamileyo kwakukhupha izithwalandwe ezinomqaphela kwizinto zasekuhlaleni.” IBANGO LEPOLISI: Icebisa ukuba kwenziwe ntoni okanye kunokwenziwa ntoni ukusombulula ingxaki. Umzekelo: Ukuphelisa ugonyamelo ezikolweni,kufakwe izixhobo zokubamba izikhali nemipu ezikolweni zikaRhulumente Indidi zenkxaso ezenziweyo zokwenza amabango ISIZATHU: Inkcazo gabalala exhasa ibango UBUNGQINA: Buquka inyani, ingxelo yamanani, amava, ukuthelekisa kunye nemizekelo ebonisa ukuba kutheni ibango elo lifanelekile. IZIBHENO EZIBONISA UVAKALELO: Iimbono ezijolise kwiimfuno namaxabiso ezinto abafundi ababonakalisa ukuzikhathalela. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 43

UMSEBENZI 15 Funda le tekisi ingezantsi esuka kwimagazini kwaye ulandele imiyalelo. Inqaku lemagazini: umzekelo wempikiswano Uluvo lwakho ngootata? Izimvo/3 Juni 2016, 2:30pm/Noku Katom Ithemba lentlalo engcono lisekhona sisaphila nje, esikudingayo qha kukuba sonke simanyane sibe negalelo ekuphuculeni ubomi bethu. Ukuba negalelo ke akudingi bantu ‘banezinto’ kudinga umntu ocingayo, umntu osebenzisa ingqondo le wayinikwayo engayibhatalelanga nangepeni. Ayikho into endichulumancisa njengokubaphantsi kophahla olunye nabantu abacingayo. Umntu ocingayo akenzi izinto kuba zisenziwa, wenza izinto ngale ndlela azibone ngayo kwixesha lakhe lokucinga. Loo nto itsho yenze kubekho izinto ezintsha nezinika umdla. Ukuba ke umntu ucinga izinto ezingakhiyo, kuza kwenzeka njengokucinga kwakhe. Yonke into esiyenzayo iqala kwindlela esicinga ngayo. Ze kuthi ke kwabo bangacingiyo, bacingelwe ngabanye. Yiloo nto ufika kukho abantu abaninzi abangonwabanga nje, kuba benza izinto ezingezozabo koko bacingelwe. Ukanti xa nicinga nonke, nokuba into ibize nabani, ukuba nje iyinto esondeleyo entliziyweni yakho kuba lula kakhulu ukusebenzisana nalo mntu uze nayo. Iminyaka emininzi bekungekho nto intle yokuthetha ngabantu abangotata. Nangoku kule nyanga siyiqalayo, kukho usuku lootata ongasoze uve nto ngalo. Into eyenzekayo zizijwili nencwina kuba kaloku abantu abaninzi abananto intle yokuthetha ngomntu ongutata. Isimanga ke sesokuba sihleli nabantu abangootata ezindlwini. Umhla nezolo abantu bazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato, nomntu ongutata ukhona apho. Umhla nezolo kukho umntwana ozalwayo, lo nto ithethe ukuthi utata ‘ukhona’ kodwa ngendlela ekuthetheka ngayo umntu ongutata ‘akakho’. Izinto zona ziyenzeka ezibonisa ukuba umntu ongutata ukhona. Izinto ke ziyajika kulo nyaka. Kwanele ngokusengelana phantsi ngokwezini. Ekuphuhliseni kwethu amanina nabantwana abangamantombazana siye sabashiya ngasemva abantu abangootata nabantwana abangamakhwenkwe sibe phofu sinyanzelekile uba siphile nabo. Ithi le nto ndiza nayo, ukuba indlela obona ngayo izinto ayitshintshi, uya kuhlala ubona izinto ngohlobo olunye. Ukuba sithetha ngale ndlela sithetha ngayo ngabantu abangootata, kuza kwenzeka le nto isezingqondweni nasemilonyeni yethu. Nam ndingomnye wabantu ababengathethi kamnandi ngabantu abangootata kwaye loo nto zange indincede. Ukusuka apho bendibona ububi obenziwa ngabantu abangootata qho kusisa. Phambi kokufunda Krwaqula ubalekise amehlo ukuze ukwazi: • Ukuqikelela ukuba isihloko simalunga nantoni? • Ngubani umbhali? • Uthini umhla wokushicilela? • Wazi ntoni ngalo mba? Ngexesha lokufunda • Funda inqaku kube kanye ukuze ufumane umongo. Xa uqala ukufunda kufuneka wazi ukuba ithini ingxoxo. Qaphela ingxoxo/ ibango lombhali. • Funda inqaku okwesibini ukrwelela amagama angaqhelekanga. Zibuze le mibuzo ilandelayo: o Ithini ingxoxo yombhali? o Yintoni injongo yombhali? 44 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

o Ijolise koobani? o Ingaba inqaku liyafikeleleka na kwabo kujoliswe kubo? o Ingaba umbhali unabo ubungqina obuphathekayo ngeli nqaku? o Ingaba kukho apho asilela khona umbhali? o Ingaba ubusebenzise ngobugwenxa na ubungqina anabo, okanye ubusebenzise ngokukhetha icala? o Ingaba umbhali uziveze ngokulinganayo na izimvo zecala angangqinelaniyo nalo? o Ingaba umbhali uzikhaba ngendlela eyamkelekileyo izimvo zecala angangqinelaniyo nalo ejolise kubungqina? o Ingaba umbhali uthelekisa ngendlela efanelekileyo na? o Ingaba umbhali uveza iimvakalelo ezichukumisayo? o Ingaba umbhali uyisebenzisa njani imizekelo ukuxhasa uluvo lwakhe? 6 IMVELAPHI YETEKISI NOMBHALI NGOKWEZENTLALO, EZOPOLITIKO NENKCUBEKO 6.1 Wazi ntoni ngemvelaphi yetekisi nombhali ngokwezentlalo, ezopolitiko nenkcubeko? Unxibelelwano lwabantu lusoloko luthatha inxaxheba ngokusemxholweni, lusetyenziswa lijelo losasazo phakathi komntu ngamnye neqela ngokubhekiselele kwimbali, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, inkcubeko nezentlalo. Ukuqonda nzulu ngeemeko zababhali malunga nezentlalo, ezopolitiko, nenkcubeko kuzisa ukuxabiseka, ingqiqo, inkuthazo nempembelelo kumsebenzi wombhali. Kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo ifuthe lezinto ezingqonge umbhali impilo yakhe yemihla ngemihla ukuze sikwazi ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo umxholo nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kumsebenzi wakhe. Imixholo yezentlalo, ezepolitiki, ezembali, ezenkcubeko, zingachazwa ngokweemeko, iimpembelelo, imiqathango, imiyalezo enokuziswa ziimeko kuhlobo olo lwetekisi. Uncwadi lungabonwa njengesixhobo esahlukileyo sokuveza iimbono. Ingabonisa ukuba iintlobo zonke zeetekisi zoncwadi ezifana neenoveli, idrama, isihobe, uninzi lweentsomi nazo zonke iitekisi zonxibelelwano zingasetyenziswa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuhlisa ingcamango ethile ekumgangatho othile. Oku kuthetha ukuba basebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye soloko beyibonisa ngokuphandle ukuxhasa ukubethelela indlela ethile yokucinga nokubona ilizwe ngukubanzi. Ezonxibelelwano zisoloko zidlala indima ekugcineni nasekubetheleleni imiba ephambili. 6.2 Yintoni imeko yenkcubeko? • Zibuze imibuzo efana nale: o Ingaba inkcubeko ibe nefuthe kumbhali ngokwexesha ebephila kulo? o Ingaba ixesha lenkcubeko ebephila kulo libe ngumqobo kumbhali ekuvezeni izimvo zakhe? o Ingaba imigaqo yezentlalo kunye nefuthe lezepolitiki liye lamnyanzela umbhali ukuba abhale ngohlobo oluthile? o Ingaba umbhali ubhale ngeenjongo zokuveza uluvo lwakhe ukucela umngeni okanye wothuswe yimigaqo yezentlalo nefuthe lezopolitiko? ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 45

6.3 Yintoni ubume bembali/ bentlalo yezopilitiko • Imvelaphi yembali ibhekiselele ekuqondeni iimeko, iziganeko njalo njalo kwixesha ekwakubhalwe ngalo uncwadi lwaza lwashicilelwa. • Ikwajolise kwimo yovakalelo, imo yokuziphatha nakwiimeko ezazikho ngelo xesha. • Ubume yimo-ntlalo yesiganeko esiqhubekayo kwaye buya kuba nefuthe elifanelekileyo kwisiganeko eso. Ubume yenye yesolotya eliphambili ekufuneka liqwalaselwe xa kuchazwa into ngokwembali. • Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukubaluleka kweziganeko ezenzekayo, kwaye uqwalasele ubume ngokwembali, ixesha, imo yovakalelo ukuziphatha njalo njalo Umzekelo masithi ufunda incwadi esuka emfazini enesivakalisi esithi: ‘Intombi yam iya kuba isiya eKapa emva kokuba itshatile.’ Lungakanani ulwazi oluqulethwe yile nkcazelo? Alungako de sibe siqwalasele umhla eyabhalwa ngawo. Xa sifumene ukuba incwadi leyo yayibhalwe ngo1992, singatsho siqonde ukuba isivakalisi esinye ngamanye amaxesha singathetha into eninzi. Ukuhamba kwebhinqa eliseze ngobuso elizweni libheka eKapa ngo1992 emva kwexesha lokukhululwa kukabawo uMandela kunganika ithemba elihle emzalini wakhe lokuba umntwana wakhe uya ngexesha elihle lenkululeko. Umzali angamvuyela umntwana wakhe ngokufumana ithuba lokuya ngeli xesha lokukhululwa kukabawo uMandela ekubeni wayevalelwe ixesha elide, Ulwazi ngemiba yentlalo, yezoqoqosho nopolitiko okungqonge ukushicilela kwenoveli ethile okanye isincoko kungakunceda ekuqondeni gabalala ngombhali noko akutshoyo. Oku kungakunceda ekuqondeni ngokuchanekileyo abalinganiswa bebali. Ukuqonda imbali nendlela acinga ngayo umbhai kunganceda ekuqondeni indlela ababephila ngayo abantu belo xesha. 6.4 Imvelaphi yemo-ntlalo yezopolitiko yombhali inefuthe kwiimbono zakhe ngesimbo sokubhala Kuthetha ukuthiwani xa kuthethwa ngeembono zombhali kwaye ungakufumanisa njani oku? Iimbono/ izimvo zombhali ngomba othile zaziwa ngeengongoma eziphambili kumba lowo axoxa ngawo kunye necala alikhethileyo. Umzekelo, ngokweembono zoqoqosho uphuhliso olutsha luyinzuzo enkulu edolophini. Izimvo zomntu okanye indlela aziphatha ngayo ngento, umzekelo, ndiyayihlonipha indlela obona ngayo kodwa andiqinisekanga ukuba ndiyavumelana nawe. Umbhali angawuxhasa okanye awuchase umba othile. Kufuneka uqwalasele ukuba umbhali ungakweliphi na icala uyaxhasa okanye uyachasa. Oku kufuneka kunxulunyaniswe nokufundiswa kovavanyo lokuqonda okanye nokufunda nzulu iitekisi zoncwadi Iimbono zesithethi zingavakaliswa ngeendlela ezininzi kwitekisi, zichaphazela imvakalelo, iindidi ezithile zomongo, ukhetho magama akhulisa umongo, ukukhulisa okanye ukunciphisa amandla, ubungakanani, ukhetho magama agqamileyo, okanye angathathi cala ngokwexabiso, amaxesha ezenzi, uphindaphindo, kunye neempawu zokubhala. Ukuze ukwazi ukuphendula le mibuzo ilandelayo khangela amagama aveza 46 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

iimbono zombhali. Sithetha ukuthini ngeenjongo zombhali, ungaziqaphela njani? Iinjongo zombhali sisizathu sokuba abhale, xa bebhala babhala benenjongo ethile ngako oko injongo yombhali ingakwazisa oku kulandelayo: ukuyalela, ukonwabisa, okanye ukulukuhla umfundi amkele uluvo oluthile okanye athathe intshukumo ethile. Kubalukile ukuba uyiqaphele injongo yombhali yokubhala kuba uza kukwazi ukuqaphela eyona nto emsusileyo ukuze abhale kwaye uya kufumana ingqiqo malunga nokubaluleka komyalezo. Ukuqwalasela injongo yombhali kufuneka uqaphele amagama umbhali awasebenzisileyo nendlela ulwazi aluveze ngayo. Injani ithoni yombhali kwaye ungayiqaphela njani? Ithoni yombhali yindlela yokubhala ebandakanya ukhetho magama nesimbo sokubhala esiphuhlisa imvakalelo yakhe kumba lowo. Ingakunceda ukucinga ngemvakalo zwi xa ebethetha nawe ngqo. Ukuba awuyiqondanga ithoni yombhali ungawutolika ngendlela engeyiyo umyalezo wakhe. UMSEBENZI 16 Funda lo mbongo ulandelayo, ze uxoxe ukuba umbhali ususwe yintoni ukuze abhale lo mbongo. IMBONGI – Z.S. QANGULE 1. Nkedama ezaziwa ngokubhonga, 2. Mithombo ehlupha ngokubhanga, 3. Nzala yamagqirha ngokunuka, 4. Luhlobo lwamanxila ngokuthuka, 5. Ziphoxo zenkundla ukubhoxa, 6. Xholovane benkundla ukuxoxa, 7. Zazi zeembalo ukuprofitesha, 8. Makholwa endalo ukubhedesha, 9. Manyange anyanga izizwe, 10. Bavuseleli abatyala ubuzwe, 11. Zingxangxasi iingcamango zenu, 12. Yingxubevange ukugxagxaza kwenu, 13. Ndiphuma nani ngokutola, 14. Ndivuma nina ngokuhlola. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 47

UMSEBENZI 17 Jongisisa le khathuni ilandelayo ubhale iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezibonisa inkangeleko yobuso nolwimi lomzimba. Zinxulumana njani izakhono zokufunda ezibalulekileyo • Injongo yombhali kukusebenzisa imvakalozwi yakhe ukuvelisa imbono yakhe kubantu ajolise kubo. • Umbhali uthatha isigqibo sokubhala ngeenjongo zokubhala: Ukwazisa, ukuyalela, ukulukuhla, ukonwabisa. • Ukufezekisa ezi njongo kufuneka asebenzise ithoni echanekileyo, umz: ukuqhatha, esesikweni, enyanisekileyo, eyonwabisayo, angavumelaniyo nayo, ukuba novelwano, engekho sikweni, enoburharha, ephoxisayo. • Usebenzisa imvakalozwi okanye ithoni ukudlulisa umyalezo ophambili okanye iimbono zakhe ukubonakalia ukuxhasa okanye ukuchasa ingxoxo kubantu ekujoliswe kubo, umz, uluntu, iqela elithile okanye umntu othile. Izinto omawuziqwalasele xa ufunda nzulu • Kufuneka uzinxweme ekuboneni injongo kuyo yonke into oyifundayo njengento ekunika ulwazi. • Ukuba ngaba injongo yombhali kukulukuhla, kumele uqwalasele ukuba leliphi icala alithathayo kumba lowo. • Ukuqonda ithoni yombhali kungakunceda ekufumaneni inyani, injongo okanye intsingiselo ekubhekiselelwe kuyo, nokuba ngaba amagama ombhali akhangeleka ngathi uthetha nto yimbi. • Zimbini indidi zesigqebelo: isigqebelo kwimvakalo zwi nesigqebelo kwimeko. Impoxo nesigqebelo aziyonto inye. 48 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

UMSEBENZI 18 UKUHLOLA • Hlola izibhengezo-ntengiso eziliqela/ okanye amanqaku aqulathe uluvo ngomba ofanayo ukuze ubone ulwimi nemifanekiso esetyenzisiweyo. • Chonga ababhali neembono zabo. Kutheni becinga ngolu hlobo. • Xa sifunda /sibukela kwaye siphulaphula itekisi kumele siqwalasele le mibuzo ilandelayo: o Ngubani ovelise le tekisi? Sazi njani? o Umbhali ufuna abafundi bazi ntoni, bazi, bacinge ntoni okanye bazive njani? Kutheni sicinga ngolu hlobo. o Zeziphi iingqikelelo ezenziwa ngumbhali malunga neenkolelo, nexabiso kunye nolwazi lomfundi? Sazi njani? o Yeyiphi imbono evezwa yitekisi ngehlabathi? Kutheni sicinga ngolu hlobo? o Ingaba ulwimi lusetyenziswe njani ukulukuhla ingcinga yakho? o Loluphi ulwazi umbhali alushiyileyo? Ingaba lubaluleke kangakanani? o Ingaba ngoobani abangafunda le tekisi? o Loluphi ulwazi ngokwehlabathi jikele olungekhoyo kwitekisi olunokwenza uqonde intsingiselo ngetekisi. o Ingaba ulwazi lwakho lwetekisi luphenjelelwa njani yimvelaphi? o Ingaba itekisi ikulukuhla njani, umz. ingaba ubume betekisi buyakulukuhla ekuqondeni intsingiselo. 7 IINTLOBO ZOLWIMI Iimfuno zikaCAPS • Sebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo: olusesikweni, olungekho sikweni umzekelo usebenzisa ulwimi olungekho sikweni kwileta yobuhlobo/ incoko, nolwimi olusesikweni kwileta yoburhulumente. • Sebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni nolungekho sikweni ngendlela efanelekileyo. • Xa abafundi behlaziya belungisa iziphene kumsebenzi wabo mabanciphise ukuphindaphinda izinto, ulwimi olukrwada, kwaye bazivavanye kumxholo isimbo nerejista. UMSEBENZI 19 Utitshala angacacisa ukuba sithetha ngokwahlukileyo, kwiindawo ezahlukileyo. Ezi ndlela zokuthetha ngokwahlukeneyo zibizwa ngokuba yirejista yolwimi. Zonke iilwimi zinerejista esesikweni nengekho sesikweni. Utitshala uza kukhuthaza ukuqwalaselwa kokusetyenziswa kwerejista, kulwimi kusetyenziswa le mibuzo ilandelayo: • “Ingaba indlela othetha ngayo ekhaya iyafana nale ndlela uthetha ngayo kwigumbi lokufundela?” ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 49

• “Ingaba indlela othetha ngayo nabahlobo bakho iyafana nendlela othetha ngayo nabantu abadala?” • “Ingaba uthetha ngokwahlukileyo xa uthetha notitshala okanye ugqirha naxa uncokola nomhlobo wakho kwimfonomfono?” Ngokwamaqela xoxani ukuba ningalusebenzisa njani ulwimi olusesikweni okanye olungekho sesikweni xa nithetha naba bantu balandelayo ngezantsi. Ungababulisa njani aba bantu? Yabelana noogxa bakho ngezigqibo zakho kwigumbi lokufundela: • Umhlobo wakho osenyongweni. • Abazali bakho. • Inqununu yesikolo sakho. • Umntwana omncinane olahlekileyo. • Umakhulu wakho. • Umntu omdala ongamaziyo. Ngokwamaqela xoxani ukuba ningathetha njani kule micimbi ilandelayo. Ungathini? Yabelana noogxa bakho ngezigqibo. • Imini endandizikhuphe ngayo nomhlobo wam. • Isidlo sokuhlangana kwakho nosapho lwakho. • Utyelelo olukhethekileyo londwendwe olubalulekileyo. Xoxa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula ulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo, neempembelelo zalo. Jonga amagama adweliswe kule theyibhile ingezantsi, ukuze ubuze abafundi ukuba kutheni bewasebenzisile, bewasebenzisa nabani kunye nemeko abawasebenzise kuyo. Uxele ukuba yeyiphi enye imeko apho anokusetyenziswa kuyo la magama. Igama Imeko Injongo Abantu ekujoliswe kubo (Phi?) (Kutheni?) (Kubhekiswe koobani?) Indoda Kwiindibano Ukubonisa imbeko Ngabantu basemsebenzini ezesesikweni inene i-owu Ekuhlaleni Ukubonisa Abahlobo ubudlelwane ibro Ekhaya Ukuzalana Abantu abazalanayo inkwenkwe Ekuhlaleni Ukohlula isini Amakhwenkwe amancinci Ibhinqa inenekazi iChick igal intombazana 50 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Iintlobo zolwimi zifumaneka kulungelelaniso oluncinane olwenziwa kwimiqathango yokuchonga isigama, kwisakhiwo, indlela yokubiza amagama asetyenzisiweyo kwintetho: imizekelo yeentlobo zolwimi: Ulwimi lwengingqi, Irejista, ikholokhwiliyam, isleng, isimbo. 7.1 Iilwimi zengingqi Ulwimi yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ludibanise ingqokelela yeelwimi zengqingqi. Ulwimi lwengingqi lulwimi olusetyenziswa luluntu lwendawo ethile kwaye lwahluke mpela kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nalo ngokwamagama, ulwakhiwo nendlela aphinyiselwa ngayo. Umzekelo isiMpondo, isiBhaca njalo njalo. Eli gama ulwimi lwengingqi libhekiselele nakwesiphi na isithili, intlalo, kunye neentlanga ezahlukeneyo zelo lwimi. Iyantlukwano kwiilwimi zengingqi inokwenzeka nakwesiphi na isigaba solwimi. Loo nto iquka indlela oluphinyiselwa ngayo, igrama, intsingiselo nendlela eyahlukileyo ekusetyenziswa ngayo ulwimi. Iilwimi zengingqi zahlulwe zazindidi ezine: Ulwimi lwesithili: Lulwimi olwahlukileyo oluthethwa kwisiphaluka eso. Ulwimi lomzuzwana: Lulwimi oluvele ngenxa yesiganeko esithe sehla kwisithili eso. Ulwimi ngokwentlalo: Lulwimi olwahlukileyo olusetyenziswa ngabantu ngokwemo-ntlalo yaloo ndawo. Eli gama ulwimi lwentlalo lusetyenziswa ukuchaza iyantlukwana kwiintetho ezinxulumene namaqela ohlukeneyo ekuhlaleni okanye nangokwezigaba. Ulwimi lwengingqi lusekelezelwe kwisithili ukanti luvela kwindlela abantu abahlalisene ngayo kwaye luvela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ulwimi lwentlalo luyohluka ngokwesini, iminyaka, uhlanga, inkolo nesigaba. Ii-ayidolets (idiolects) zilwimi ezisekelezelwe kwindlela umntu othile aphimisela ngayo amagama athile naphela esamkeleka kubantu abangqongene naye. Ulwimi olusemgangathweni ophezulu lolona lusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kumaziko kaRhulumente, kwiinkundla zomthetho, kwezonxibelelwano nakumaziko emfundo. 7.2 Yintoni irejista? MOLO MONGAMELI SIYALUVUYELA UTYELELO LWAKHO AKUVUMELEKANGA UKUTHETHA NOTITSHALA WAKHO USEBENZISE ULWIMI OLUNGEKHO SESIIKWENI UMZEKELO UTHI “MFOWETHU” AKUVUMELEKANGA UKUTHETHA NOMZALI WAKHO OKANYE ABANTU ABADALA USEBENZISA ULWIMI OLUNGENAMBEKO, UMZEKELO, “BAFONDINI”. • Sonke sithetha ngokwahlukileyo kwiimeko ezahlukileyo. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 51

• Ukwahluka kolwimi kubonisa oku kulandelayo: o Imeko ethile. o Injongo yonxibelelwano. o Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezithethi. o Irejista lulwimi olwahlukileyo olusetyenziselwa injongo ethile okanye imo ethile yezentlalo. Xa uthetha okanye ubhala uyakhetha ukuba ufuna ukulusebenzisa njani ulwimi olusesikweni. Olu khetho lubizwa ngokuba yirejista. Ukhetho lwerejita eyiyo luxhomekeka kwiimeko ezintathu: Abantu ekujoliswe kubo, injongo nemeko. Ezi ndlela zontathu zizo ezisibonisayo ukuba sisebenzisa irejista esesikweni okanye engekho sesikweni. Kwimeko yezemfundo xa uthetha okanye ubhala kulindeleke ulwimi olusesikweni nolundilisekileyo. Umzekelo ulwimi olusetyenziswa kumakhasi onxibelelwano olungamkelekanga xa ubhala esikolweni umz: “cc” endaweni kasisi. • Irejista kukusetyenziswa kwamagama ahlukeneyo, isimbo, igrama, imvakalozwi nethoni ngokweemeko neendawo ezahlukeneyo. • Nantsi imizekelo yeemeko apho kunokusetyenziswa ulwimi olusesikweni nolwimi olungekho sesikweni: ENGEKHO SESIKWENI ESESIKWENI ABANTU Umntu omdala othetha nomntwana Umntwana othetha nomntu omdala EKUJOLISWE Umqeshi othetha nomqeshwa Umqeshwa xa ethetha nomqeshi KUBO Phakathi kwabahlobo nezihlobo. INJONGO Kukonwabisa okanye ukuzisa Ukunika ulwazi ulwazi. Ukwakha ubudlelwane. Ukugcina ubudlelwane obusesikweni Ukulukuhla Ukulukuhla IMEKO Xa uzithathela amanqaku. Ikwimbalelwano ezisesikweni kunye neleta zomcimbi Xa uthetha kwimfono-mfono Iimfono-mfono ezimalunga nezoshishino ngezinto ezidla wena buqu. Xa ubhala idayari Xa usenza ingxelo Incoko engekho sesikweni Izimemo, amaxwebhu asemthethweni intetho esesikweni, izaziso ezenziwa enkundleni Amaxwebhu asenkonzweni Udliwano-ndlebe lomsebenzi Imizekelo yolwimi olundilisekileyo kwilwimi zesiNtu Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olundilisekileyo luboniswa zizimamva: mhlekazi, mongamelikazi izibizo ezisetyenziswa ukubonisa intlonipho umzekelo utata uMandela, UNkosi uDalibhunga. 7.3 Irejista engekho sesikweni: Ulwimi olungandilisekanga nesleng Ikholokhwiyam lulwimi olubhekiselele kwincoko yabantu abazanayo nabaqheleneyo. Lulwimi olungekho sikweni kodwa lusemgangathweni. Abantu balusebenzisa kakhulu kumanqaku amaphephandaba, kwiindibano zamashishini angekho sesikweni, kubantu abasebenza kunye naxa kuthethwa nabahlobo. Lulwimi olusetyenziswa kwimeko ekhululekileyo xa uchaza iimfihlelo zakho, izinto ezikuxhalisayo, xa kuvuyiswana nakunxibelelwano nje. 52 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Imizekelo yamagama neziqwenga ezingandilisekanga ULwimi Umzekelo IsiXhosa Mfondini, mkam IsiZulu Ukudlisa umuntu ngamaphayiphi Ungijwayela kabi, uyaphapha Into yami (xa uthetha ngesinqanda mathe sakho) IsiSwati Tintfo tami ( xa uthetha ngesinqanda mathe sakho) Isleng Isleng lulwiimi olungekho sesikweni olusetyenziswa liqela labantu, umzekelo ootsotsi, ulutsha – ekse, nto yam, nozala, sester, bra, ingcosi, owledi. Umahluko phakathi kwesleng nekholokhwiliyam kukuba isleng lulwimi olungade lwamkeleke kwintetho esesikweni kanti ikholokhwiyam ibundiliseka kwaye yamkelekile. Umzekelo: • Ek se, ntoyam, mfondini, nozala, sister, bra, ingcosi • Zwakala ( ‘yiza” ) Imizekelo yeetekisi enokusinika la magama: • Iincwadi ezihlekisayo umzekelo: imihlinzo • Iintetho ezingekho sesikweni. • Incoko ezingekho sesikweni. • Ikhathuni. 7.4 Ijagon Ijagon lulwimi lweqela labantu oluhambelana nomsebenzi lowo bawenzayo, umzekelo xa sithetha ngoCAPS kulindeleke ibe ngabantu abakwiSebe lezeMfundo abaziyo ukuba sithetha ngantoni. Iimpawu zejagon • Ngamagama abhidisayo aziwa liqela elithile kuphela. • Amagama ahloniphayo wasemzini. • Amagama angacacanga asoloko asetyenziswa ngabantu abenza ucweyo • Amagama anganiki ntsingiselo eyiyo koko nithetha ngako. Umzekelo, hayi suka, wethu, hayini bethunana. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 53

Imizekelo yejagoni (amagama neziqwenga) IQELA IJAGONI INTSINGISELO Ukuhlela Ukulungisa iziphene Kukuqulunqa umsebenzi wakho ngendlela ukucwangcisa KwiSebe lezeMfundo (ezikolweni) eyiyo Umhlathi Izivakalisi ezithetha ngomba othile. Ukuhlola Ukuvavanya. Umsebenzi. Gqibezala lo msebenzi ulandelayo Ibhola ekhatywayo/ yombhoxo/ yomnyazi 7.5 Ulwimi, igunya nerejista • Xa amagunya elingana ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kuyakhawuleza umzekelo: indlela enibizana ngayo. • Xa amagunya engalingani ukusetyenziswa kolwimi akukhawulezi, umzekelo phakathi kukaGqirha kunye nesigulana. • Xa nisoloko ninxibelelana kusoloko kusetyenziswa iziteketiso, kanti xa ningadibani rhoqo aninandlela ilula yakubizana umzekelo unobhala waseposini nomqhubi webhasi. 7.6. Isimbo • Isimbo sibhekiselele kulwimi olwahlulwe ngesimbo esisesikweni nesimbo esingekho sikweni. • Isimbo sokuthetha sixhomekeka kumcimbi lowo kuthethwa kuwo, umzekelo usebenzisa isimbo sokuthetha esindilisekileyo xa uthetha nabantu abakwisisusa esihloniphekileyo. • Indlela eyahlukileyo akhetha nalungisa ngayo amagama akhe xa ebhala ixhomekeke kubantu ekujoliswe kubo, akwazi nokufezekisa ngokuphelelelyo injongo leyo. • Umbhali ngamnye unendlela ekhethekileyo yokuveza isimbo sakhe kuxhomekeka kumagama awakhethileyo, ubude bezivakalisi nendlela ezakhiwe ngayo, ithoni, nokusetyenziswa kwezafobe. 8. UNXULUMANO PHAKATHI KOLWIMI NENKCUBEKO Iimfuno zikaCAPS: Bonakalisa ukuqonda phakathi kolwimi nenkcubeko, ngokubonakalisa intlonipho kwimicimbi yenkcubeko. 8.1 Yintoni inkcubeko? • Inkcubeko ibhekiselele kubantu abanenkolelo enye, amasiko nezithethe, izinto zexabiso indlela yokuziphatha kwimo ntlalo/ kweso sizwe, umzekelo amarasta. • Inkcubeko iquka yonke imisebenzi neembono zabantu abanenkolelo efanayo abade bayikhuphele bayibethelele nakwizizukulwana. • Inkcubeko ikwabhekiselele kwizinto zobugcisa nemo-ntlalo esithi sizibonakalise ngokungcamla izinto zexabiso zentlalo yethu, umzekelo, imbeko, izinxibo, imizobo. • Inkcubeko iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwamaxesha. Lunxulumano luni olukhoyo phakathi kolwimi nenkcubeko? 54 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

• Ulwimi nenkcubeko yoluntu zihamba kunye. • Inkcubeko yoluntu ixhomekeka kwindlela ubani enza ngayo izinto ngokwamkelekileyo kwaba bantu ahlala nabo. • Ulwimi ngalunye lunyinxalanye yenkcubeko kwaye lubonisa ukukhonza izinto zenkcubeko. • Ulwimi nenkcubeko zinxibelelene kangangokuba kunzima ukuqonda enye ungenalwazi lwenye. • Amalungu eenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo abonisa iyantlukwana zawo kwilizwe jikele kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zolwimi lwawo. • Izithethe namasiko zibonakaliswa ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi, umzekelo izaci namaqhalo. • Ukuhambisa indlela yokwenza izinto kwilizwe jikelele. • Ukukhokelisa iindlela zokucinga zoluntu zeentshukumo (inika isikhokelo kwiingcinga nendlela uluntu omalwenze ngayo izinto) umzekelo intaka evuka mva ikholwa zizagweba. • Lunika imfundiso yokuziphatha. Umongo nemeko bume malunga nokufundwa konxulumano phakathi kolwimi nenkcubeko Umntu xa efunda ngonxulumano phakathi kolwimi nenkcubeko makaqwalasele ezi zinto zilandelayo: • Isigama. • Izaci namaqhalo. • Izinto ezilihlazo. • Ulwimi oluhloniphayo. • Ulwimi olunembeko. • Indlela yokubulisana ngokwenkcubeko. • Ukwenziwa kwamasiko nezithethe. • Ukwenziwa kwezisusa zesintu. Ezi zinto zidweliswe apha ngasentla zinefuthe kwindlela abantu ababonakalisa ngayo iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo elizweni. UKUFUNDISA NOKUHLOLA IMISEBENZI YOKUZILUNGISELELA • Wena nogxa wakho khanicinge ngeli gama lithi isishebo. Ngowuphi umfanekiso ngqondweni ofikayo kuwe xa kuthethwa ngesishebo. Nika iindidi zezidlo ezihambela nesishebo. • Jonga kumsebenzi womlingane wakho ukhangele ukuba nifake izidlo ezifanayo na. Ukuba akunjalo ucinga ukuba yintoni isizathu? • Ingaba igama isishebo likhona kwisiAfrikansi , isiNgesi okanye kwezinye iilwimi? • Cinga ngokuguqulela ulwimi kolunye? Ingaba kwanele ukucinga kuphela ngamagama? ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 55

• Ngokwamaqela cingani ngala magama alandelayo: • Ucinga ukuba la magama xa eguqulelwe kulwimi lwakho anganika intsingiselo enye na: Ucinga ukuba angohluka njani kwezinye iinkcubeko, umzekelo. kwisiBhulu, nesiNgesi. Uncle (maternal = umalume) isiXhosa Uncle (parternal): esiNgesini Aunt (maternal = makazi) isiXhosa Aunt (parternal) = esiNgesini Cinga ngamaqhalo nezaci ucinge ukuba ayafana na nezinye iilwimi. Imizekelo yemiba yolwimi lwezentlalo ebonisa unxulumano phakathi kolwimi nenkcubeko. Inkcubeko nesigama Ezinye iingcali zolwimi zikholelwa ukuba inkcubeko igudiswa lulwimi oluxhomekeke kwiqela loluntu, umzekelo, amaXhosa anamagama amaninzi athetha ukuhamba. Umzekelo: ukugxadazela, ukuchwechwa, ukugxanya ukucondoba, ukucotha. Umzekelo wamagama athetha ukuhlala – ukuthi ngcu, ukuthi daxa, ukungxatha. Masijonge la magama alandelayo sicinge ukuba asiveza njani elizweni ngenkcubeko yethu: 56 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

yethu: KHOMBA, DOMBA, LOVOLA, LOBOLA, MAKGADI NDAA, AA, INDABA, MAVU, MOROGO, MOROHO, DOMBOLO, TIHOVE ,UMNGQUSHO Xitanga, nhanga Inkcubeko nezinto ezilihlazo 82 • Amahlazo zizinto abantu abangathethiyo ngazo: nalapho ibhekiselele kwimithetho engqingqwa ethi xa yophulwe ubani afumane isohlwayo. • Ngamagama abonakalisa ukuxabiseka nenkolelo yoluntu. • Ngamagama asetyenziswa njengeziqalekiso/ athathwa ngokuba azisa ilishwa, umzekelo, xa ubhala ngesandla sasekhohlo kuthiwa ubhala ngesandla semfene, amagama anxulumene nezifo zangaphantsi, amagama angahambisaniyo nonqulo. • Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bophula imithetho bawabize la magama ngenxa yezi zizathu: ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 57

o Bafuna ukuhoywa. o Ukungcikiva. o Ukuxhokonxa. o Ukudelela. o Ukubonisa inkululeko. Inkcubeko nokusetyenziswa kwezihlonipho • Izihlonipho lulwimi olusetyenziswa ngabantu ukubonisa intlonipho okanye ukuquma ulwimi olunobukrwada, umzekelo endaweni yokuthi umntu ufile uthi uswelekile. Endaweni yokuthi akaphangeli kuthiwa akayi emlungwini. Abantu bazisebenzisela ntoni izihlonipho? • Nika imizekelo yezihlonipho ezisetyenziswa ngumakoti emzini/ kwantonjana. • Ukuba ubungugqirha/ utitshala ubungazisebenzisa izihlonipho? Nika izizathu. • Zeziphi ezinye izihlonipho nezakhi zolwimi ezisetyenziswa kulwimi lwakho ukuphuhlisa inkcubeko? Nika imizekelo ibe lishumi. Inkcubeko nentsingiselo efihlakeleyo Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo inamagama ohlukileyo ngokweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, esiXhoseni xa kusithiwa uyinja kuthethwa ukuba unemikhuba ukanti kulwimi lweSiswati kuthetha ukuba ubalulekile. 9 IITEKISI EZIBONWAYO NONXIBELELWANO OLUNGELULO OLOMLOMO Abafundi mabakwazi ukutolika iitekisi ezibonwayo nokuqwalasela oku kulandelayo: • Ubuchule bokulukuhla: abafundi mabaqonde ukuba kunafuthe lini kwintsingiselo ulwimi oluchukumisayo, olulukuhlayo olukhethicala oluqhathayo. • Abafundi mabaqonde indlela ulwimi nemifanekiso olubonisa ngayo ukuziphatha kunye nezinto zexabizo: ulwimi nemifanekiso luyiveza njani into yocalucalulo ngokwesini, ubuhlanga iminyaka ekubetheleleni iingcinga ezicalanye ingakumbi kwizibhengezo. • Ifuthe leendidi zefonti, isihloko, nemifanekiso. • Ukuhlalutya, ukutolika, ukuvavanya nendlela ophendula ngayo iikhathuni ezohlukeneyo. Imizekelo yeetekisi: isibhengezo-ntengiso, ikhathuni, imifanekiso, iwebhusayithi Imisebenzi nokuhlola Abafundi mabaphonononge: • Ubume betekisi. • Indlela umbhali awutsala nawubamba ngayo umdla womfundi 58 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

• Indima yolwimi lomzimba. • Indima yombala • Isini, ubuhlanga, iminyaka ekubetheleleni iingcinga ezicalanye ingakumbi kwizibhengezo. • Ifuthe leendidi zefonti, isihloko, inkcazelo yomqulunqi nemifanekiso, • Ukuhlalutya, ukutolika, ukuvavanya nendlela ophendula ngayo iikhathuni ezohlukeneyo. Ukutolikwa kweetekisi ezibonwayo • Iitekisi ezibonwayo ziyindibanisela yeempawu ezibonwayo (imifanekiso ethathwe ngekhamera kunye nemizobo) kunye nokubhaliweyo (amagama, ingxoxo, iimpawu zolwimi) ukugqithisa umyalezo kubantu ekujoliswe kubo. • Ukuze ube nokuyiqonda itekisi ebonwayo kufuneka uyiphindaphinde. • Jonga ingongoma ephambili, imifanekiso ukuba inxulumana njani nesakhiwo ubume, nokusetyenziswa kolwimi. • Cinga ngenjongo yetekisi nendlela ezi mpawu ezincedisa ngayo ukudlulisa umyalezo kubantu ekujoliswe kubo. • Iimpawu zokubonwayo: Umbala, ifonti, indlela ezibhalwe ngayo, ubume, ukuma kwekhamera. • Iimpawu zolwimi: imibuzo buciko, uphindaphindo, ingxoxo, ithoni, ingoma, iziyaleli, izandi nomculo. Zeziphi iimpawu zokubonwayo ezigqamileyo? Jonga eyona nto etsala umdla xa uqala ukuwujonga umfanekiso, ingayimibala eyahlukeneyo, izinto ezithile ezahlukileyo, abalinganiswa neempawu zabo, ukusebenzisa ulwimi lomzimba, isimo sentlalo, ukusetyenziswa kwesikhanyisi namathunzi, izimvo ezichasanayo, ukwahlukana kobukhulu bento, ukusetyenziswa kwekhamera ngendlela ngeendlela, uburharha. Qwalasela iimpawu zetekisi ebonwayo nefuthe lazo kwintsingiselo nendlela umfundi ayibona ngayo itekisi. Njengetekisi ebhaliweyo iitekisi ezibonwayo zakhiwe ngobuchule ngababhali bazo ukuze intsingiselo yazo ibe nefuthe kubabukeli. Ukuhlalutywa kweetekisi ezibonwayo Xa uhlalutya iitekisi ezibonwayo kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele le miba ilandelayo: • Loluphi uhlobo lwetekisi ebonwayo olu? • Kuboniswa ntoni emfanekisweni/ itekisi ingantoni? • Yintoni injongo yetekisi? Uyazi njani loo nto? • Ijoliswe koobani itekisi? Wazi njani? • Yakhiwe njani? • Zeziphi iimpawu ezigqamileyo ezibonwayo kule tekisi? • Loluphi unxibelelwano oluveliswayo phakathi kombukeli nento ekuthethwa ngayo? • Inafuthe lini itekisi kubantu ekujoliswe kubo? • Ingaba itekisi iyiphumeza njani injongo yayo? Ingaba itekisi iphumelele njani njengesolotya lonxibelelwano? ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 59

UMSEBENZI 19 UMSEBENZI 19 ISICATSHULWA: IKHATHUNI ISICATSHULWA: IKHATHUNI SIDENGE Unikwe isoluleko 1 2 3 Njenga ...? SIMUNCU Zininzi izinto eziqhubeka esikolweni awandixelela! ebomini bam ... Ke 4 ngoku? 1. 1. Xelaizinto Xela izinto zibe zibe MBINI MBINI ezibonisa ezibonisa ukubaukuba umntu ongasekhohlo kwibhokisi umntu ongasekhohlo (2) yoku- kwibhokisi yoku-1 unomsindo. 1 unomsindo. (2) 2. Khetha impendulo echanekileyo kwezi zilandelayo. Iveza ntoni 2. Khetha impendulo echanekileyo kwezi zilandelayo. Iveza ntoni impendulo impendulo yomntu osekunene okwibhokisi yoku-1 ngesimo sakhe? yomntu osekunene okwibhokisi yoku-1 ngesimo sakhe? a) Ukuhlonipha a) Ukuhlonipha b) Ukuthanda b) Ukuthanda c) Ukucingela (1) c) Ukucingela d) Ukudelela d) Ukudelela (1) 33 Kubonisa Kubonisa ntoni ntoni ukujongwa ukujongwa ntshoontshoo emehlweni emehlweni komntu wasekhohlo(1)ngumntu komntu wasekhohlo ngumntu osekunene osekunene kwibhokisi kwibhokisi yesi-2? yesi-2? (1) 4 Yeyiphi imvakalelo evezwa sisibini esikwibhokisi yesi-3? Xhasa (2) 4 Yeyiphi imvakalelo evezwa sisibini esikwibhokisi yesi-3? Xhasa impendulo (2) impendulo yakho. 5 yakho. Kunxulumana njani ukusongwa kwezandla ngumntu osekhohlo (2) 5 nento ayithethayonjani Kunxulumana kwibhokisi yesi-4? kwezandla ngumntu osekhohlo nento ukusongwa 6 Uthini umyalezo wale khathuni? (2) ayithethayo kwibhokisi yesi-4? (2) 6 Uthini umyalezo wale khathuni? (2) 86 60 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Umsebenzi 20 Umsebenzi 2 1 Uzama ukuveza ntoni ukuveza Uzama umbhali ngenkangeleko ntoni umbhali ngenkangeleko yomntu omi ecaleni (2) yomntu omi ecaleni kwebhasi kwibhokisi yoku-1? 1 kwebhasi kwibhokisi yoku-1? Xhasa impendulo (2) yakho. Xhasa impendulo yakho. 2 Khetha impendulo echanekileyo kwezi zilandelayo. Nika isithethantonye 2 segama Khetha impendulo 'khawundincazele' echanekileyo kwezi elisetyenziswe kwikhathuni. zilandelayo. Nika isithethantonye segama a) Khawundiboleke ‘khawundincazele’ elisetyenziswe kwikhathuni. b) Khawundithengisele a) c) Khawundiphe Khawundiboleke b) Khawundithengisele d) Khawundingcamlise (1) c) Khawundiphe 3 Abonisa d) ntoni amazwi omntu othetha kwibhokisi yesi-2 ngesimo sakhe? Khawundingcamlise (1) 4 Umsi wemoto ekwibhokisi yesi-3 unagalelo lini kokusingqongileyo? (2) (1) 5 Yintoni injongo yombhali ngale khathuni? (2) 3 Abonisa ntoni amazwi omntu othetha (1) 6 Injani imvakalelo kwibhokisi yomntusakhe? yesi-2 ngesimo othetha kwibhokisi yesi-3? Xhasa impendulo (2) 4 Umsi wemoto ekwibhokisi yesi-3 unagalelo lini (2) yakho. kokusingqongileyo? 5 Yintoni injongo yombhali ngale (2) UMSEBENZI 21 khathuni? 6 Injani imvakalelo yomntu othetha (2) Imisebenzi yokuzilungiselela kwibhokisi yesi-3? Xhasa impendulo 1. Ingaba uhamba yakho. ngeteksi xa usiya esikolweni? 2. Zeziphi izijekulo ozisebenzisayo xa umisa iteksi? UMSEBENZI 21 Imisebenzi yokuzilungiselela 87 1. Ingaba uhamba ngeteksi xa usiya esikolweni? 2. Zeziphi izijekulo ozisebenzisayo xa umisa iteksi? 3. Ingaba inkcubeko yakho iyayikhuthaza into yokumjonga emehlweni umntu omdala xa uthetha naye? Ukuba akunjalo ucinga ukuba abantu bacinga ukuba awunamdla kwincoko yabo? 4. Jonga le khathuni ingasezantsi uze uchonge ulwimi lomzimba nonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 61

9.1 Unxibelelwano olungelulo olomlomo (ulwimi lomzimba) Unxibelelwano olungelulo olomlomo lunzima kakhulu, kodwa sesinye sesakhono esibalulekileyo ekufuneka sisisebenzisile. Abantu abaluthatheli ngqalelo ifuthe elenziwa lunxibelelwano olungelulo olomlomo. Ulwazi lwamaqhinga aphangaleleyo onxibelelwano olungelulo olomlomo lunganceda kakhulu ukuphucula unxibelelwano. Ulwazi lweempawu ezisetyenziswayo zingabakhuthaza abantu ukuba bathethe ngeenkxalabo zabo kwaye oko kungakhokelela ekuqondeni injongo yonxibelelwano. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu aluquki kuphela iintsingiselo zamagama, ulwazi nemiyalezo egqithiswayo koko lujolise kwimiyalezo ecacileyo nokuba inenjongo okanye ayinazinjongo, ezinokuboniswa yindlela ethile yokuziphatha. Unxibelelwano olungelolomlomo luquka inkangeleko yobuso, ithoni, ukuhla nokunyuka kwelizwi, izijekulo eziboniswa kukusetyenziswa kwamalungu omzimba nobungakanani phakathi kwabo bantu banxibelelanayo. Ezi mpawu zonxibelelwano zinganika imikhombandlela kunye nokwazi intsingiselo ngaphezu kunoku okuthethwa ngomlomo. Imiyalelo engeyiyo eyomlomo yenza abantu ukuba: • Babethelele balungise into ebithethwe ngamazwi, umzekelo, abantu banganqwala besithi ewe ngomlomo ukugxininisa ukuba bayavumelana. • Ukunyusa amagxa nenkangeleko yobuso obusangeneyo kodwa ube usithi yonke into ilungile eneneni yonke le nto ibe ibonisa ukuba awuphathekanga kakuhle. • Udlulisa ulwazi ngendlela avakalelwa ngayo. 62 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

• Ichaza okanye ibethelele unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu. • Inika ingxelo komnye umntu. • Ilawula indlela unxibelelwano oluhamba ngayo umzekelo, ukwenza uphawu olubonisa ukuba ixesha liphelile okanye ufuna ukuthetha. • Unxibelelwano olungelulo olomlomo luquka iimbonakalo eziqukeneyo ezifana nezandla, ukudlala ngamehlo, indlela ome ngayo, izijekulo nendlela otolika ngayo intetho. • Iindidi zonxibelelwano ezingezomlomo zibonisa: o Ukushukuma komzimba (Kinesics) o Indlela yokuma (Posture) o Ukunxibelelana ngamehlo o Imbonakalo yobuso o Ukugudlana 9.2 Ulwimi lomzimba okanye iintshukumo zomzimba Lubandakanya izijekulo, ukuma, ukushukuma kwentloko nesandla nomzimba wonke. Lusetyenziswa ukubethelela okanye ukugxininisa okuthethwa ngumntu, lukwanika nolwazi ngendlela aziphethe naziva ngayo ubani. Ingenzeka ukuba intshukumo yomzimba abantu bangayitoliki ngokufanelekileyo. Umntu oyincutshe ekuqwalaseleni angakwazi ukubona iimpazamo. Umntu oyincutshe angakwazi ukubona ezi ziphene ekuziphatheni njengomkhombandlela wendlela ovakalelwa ngayo. Imiqondiso: Izijekulo ezenza umsebenzi omnye negama zibizwa ngokuba yimiqondiso. Umzekelo, uphawu olubonisa ukuba uyamkela, yiza apha, intshukumo yesandla esetyenziswa xa ufuna ukumiselwa yiteksi. Qaphela nangona eminye imiqondiso ingamkelekanga elizweni abanye abantu bangayitolika ngokwenkcubeko yabo. Izalathisi: Zizijekulo ezihambelana namagama ukubonisa umyalezo womlomo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwesandla esijikelezwayo nesihambelana nentetho ethi “phaya”, ukunqwala ngentloko, ngendlela ethile ukubonisa ukuba phaya. Imbonakalo yobuso: Le yinkangeleko yobuso okanye izijekulo ezibonisa uvakalelo. Zivamise ukuzenzekela kwaye zingangquzulana noko kuthethwa ngako. Ezi mbonakalo zinganika imikhombandlela egxininisa eyona meko akuyo umntu. Imbonakalo ezilawula imeko: zizijekulo ezisetyenziswa ukunika ingxelo umzekelo: ukunqwala, izandi ezifana no “uh-uh-huh”, “mm-mm”, “mh-h-h” Zivumela omnye umntu ukuba atshintshe kwintetho yakhe ejolise ukuba abonise umdla okanye isivumelwano. Ngaphandle kokufumana impendulo kubanzima kwabanye abantu ukuqhubekeka nencoko. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 63

Imbonakalo ezilungelelanisayo: Yindlela yokuziphatha ezisetyenziselwa ukwanelisa iimfuno ngokwemo yomzimba njengokuzikrwempa, ukulungisa iintanyongo. Zinakho ukumel’iimfuno ngokwasengqondweni njengokutya iinzipho xa uphantsi koxinzelelo. Zidla ngokusetyenziswa emfikalweni apho ubani engenakuqwalaselwa khona engenakubonwa esidlangalaleni. Zivamise ukuvelisa iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo okanye ubundlobongela. Indlela yokuma: Indlela yokuma ingabonakalisa imvakalelo, ukuziphatha neenjongo zabantu. Uphando lubonise iimpawu ezohlukeneyo zokuma entsingiselo zazo ezifana nokuma uyekelele umzimba okubonisa ukuzithemba nokuma usonge izandla okubonisa usizi. Isipili somnye: Yindlela abantu ababonisa ngayo imvakalelo ngendlela efanayo ukubonisa ukuba imidla yabo iyafana kuba benobudlelwane. Inkangeleko yobuso: Imizekelo embalwa yeemvakalelo ezinokubonakaliswa ngembonakalo yobuso, umzekelo, ukonwaba, usizi, umsindo, ukothuka, ukonyanya, ukoyika, ukubhideka neemfuno. Xa uvavanya ulwimi lomzimba qwalasela ezi mpawu zobuso zilandelayo: Ukuthi ntsho-o-o ngamehlo. Xa uthetha nomntu aze akujonge emehlweni oko kubonakalisa umdla nokuthatha ingqwalaselo. Kanti ukujonga isidala kungazisa imvakalelo eyoyikisayo. Xa umana ujonga ecaleni oko kubonisa ukuba ubani ukruqukile kwaye akonwabanga. Ukuqhwanyaza: Nangona ukuqhwanyaza kuyindalo qaphela ukuba umntu uqhwanyaza kakhulu okanye kancinci. Umntu xa eqhwanyaza ngokukhawuleza oko kubonisa ukungonwabi okanye ukuba phantsi kox- inzelelo. Ukungafane uqhwanyaze kubonisa ukuba uzama ukulawula intshukumo yamehlo. Ubungakanani beliso: Kumaxesha athile imbonakalo yamehlo ingabonakalisa imeko ethile, umzekelo, uko- thuka okanye ukoyika kuba sidla ngokukhupha amehlo xa sothukile. Intshukumo yomlomo: Intshukumo yomlomo yenye yeendlela zokufunda ulwimi lomzimba, umzekelo, ukulu- ma umlebe ongenzantsi kungathetha ukuba uyoyika, akuqinisekanga okanye uxhalabile. Ukugquma umlomo ngesandla xa uzamla luphawu olubonisa intlonipho, xa usozela, ukhohlela okanye udiniwe. Kanti kungathetha ukuba umba othile okanye into ethile iyakothusa. Ukuncuma lolunye lweempawu eziphambili ekusetyenziswe- ni kolwimi lomzimba kodwa ke ukuncuma kungatolikwa ngeendlela ezahlukileyo. Ukunyaniseka okanye ukun- ganyaniseki. Unxibelelwano ngamehlo Unxibelelwano ngamehlo lubalulekile kulwimi olungelulo olomlomo. Zintathu iindlela zokubonisa iinjongo zonxibelelwano ngamehlo. • Kukunikezela nokufumana ingxelo: xa usenza intetho nabaphulaphuli bakho uyakwazi ukubona ukuba banomdla kusini na kule nto uyithethayo. • Ukubonisa umlingane wakho ukuba lithuba lokuthetha. Xa ubani ebesenza intetho egqibile uya kubonakalisa ngamehlo ukuba lithuba lomnye lokuthetha. Umntu xa engafuni kuphazanyiswa akakujongi nokukujonga. • Unxibelelwano ngamehlo lusetyenziswa xa ufuna ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu ababini, xa ungamthandi umntu awumjongi, ukanti xa umjongile oko kubonisa umdla. Ulwimi lwePara (Para language) Ulwimi lwepara lulwimi olunxulumene nemvakalozwi, ithoni nesantya, ukuthandabuza, ukuman’unqumama. Ezi zimpawu zibonisa indlela umntu avakalelwa ngayo. 64 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

Umgama womntu buqu Umgama wemo-ntlalo Umgama woluntu Inkcubeko nganye inezigaba ezohlukeneyo nezilindelelekileyo kubudlelwano kumntu nakuluntu. Xa ubani Inkcubeko nganye inezigaba ezohlukeneyo nezilindelelekileyo kubudlelwano kumntu engehambisaniyo nomgama omiselweyo phakathi kwabantu ubani anganemvakalelo ebonisa ukungonwabi. Zine nakuluntu. Xa iindidi zemigama ubani engehambisaniyo eziqaphelekayo: nomgama ezabathandanayo, ezomntu omiselweyo othile buqu, phakathi imo ntlalo kwabantu noluntu. ubani anganemvakalelo ebonisa ukungonwabi. Zine iindidi zemigama Umgama womntu othile buqu: Umgama ophakathi kwesibini esincokolayo apho kuba lula ukunxibelelana ngamehlo, eziqaphelekayo: ezabathandanayo, ezomntu othile buqu, imo ntlalo noluntu. nokuxhawulana. Umgama wemo ntlalo: Ngumgama oba phakathi kwabantu abasebenza kunye naxa kukho isisusa esithile. Indlela Umgama ekuhleliwe ngayo womntu othile buqu: inendima eyidlalayo Umgama kwindlela ophakathi eninxulumana ngayo.kwesibini esincokolayo Kulo mgama aphoumntu athethe kulindeleke ukuba kuvakale kubakumntu wonke olapho. lula ukunxibelelana ngamehlo, nokuxhawulana. Umgama Umgama wemo woluntu: Udla ntlalo: Ngumgama ngokusetyenziswa oba phakathi ngootititshala kwabantu nezithethi abasebenza zasesidlangalaleni apho kunye zibhekisanaxa kwiqela elithile. Olonaisisusa kukho lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhuluekuhleliwe esithile. Indlela lulwimi lomzimba ngayongakumbi inendima ukusetyenziswa kwezandla nentloko eyidlalayo kwindlela ukugxininisa kwimiba ethile. Umgama xa kuthethwayo udlala indima enkulu kwaye ubonakalisa imvakalelo. eninxulumana ngayo. Kulo mgama kulindeleke ukuba umntu athethe kuvakale kumntu Isishwankathelo wonke olapho. Umgama Izixhobo woluntu: Udla ezinokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ukuzisa umdla ngootititshala kaCLA kwigumbi nezithethiabantwana ukuba benze lokufundela: ungayalela uphando, baqokelele ulwazi,apho zasesidlangalaleni benzezibhekisa ingxelo ngoko bakufumeneyo kwiqela elithile. ngohlobo lodliwano-ndlebe, Olona lwimi ukwenza lusetyenziswa intetho kakhulu nengxoxo. lulwimi lomzimba ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwezandla nentloko ukugxininisa Kungaziswa kwimibaimizekelo ethile.yetekisi Umgama efanaxa namanqaku ephephandaba, kuthethwayo izibhengezo udlala indima enkuluntengiso, kwayeipowusta neekhathuni. ubonakalisa imvakalelo. Umfundi uzihlola ngokwakhe Chonga utshatise inkcazelo eyiyo nemiba kaCLA. 93 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 65

Imiba kaCLA Inkcazelo 1. Impikiswano a) Imigaqo yokuziphatha apho umntu ethatha isigqibo ngoko kubalulekileyo ebomini. 2. Ukuqikelela b) Imbono ecalanye apho umntu athatha isigqibo engaveleli iinkalo zonke. 3. Indlela yokuziphatha c) Yimbono enobunyani ngendima. efanelwe kukudlalwa ngumntu ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye ilizwe. 4. Intetho ekhetha icala elithile. d) Isleng – intetho engekho sesikweni esetyenziswa liqela labantu umzekelo ulutsha. 5. ikholokhwiyam e) Kukuqala ugwebe – ukungabikho konyamezelwano okanye ukuqala ugwebe umntu okanye iqela malunga noluvo oluthile. 6. Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo/ f) Izimvo ezingenabungqina, yinto umntu akholelwa yokunxulunyaniswa kuyo nekunzima ukungqinisiswa ukuba yinyani okanye bubuxoki. 7. Imeko bume Yindima kanobalisa ngokobume bemeko abhala kuyo. Umzekelo ungasebenzisa isivumelanisi somntu wokuqala u-Ndi okanye umntu wesithathu. 8. Ukuhlaba amadlala g) Ukulukuhla – indlela yokulawula okanye yokuqhatha abantu ukuze uzuze oko ukufunayo, umzekelo isibhengezo ntengiso, iintetho zezopolitiko usebenzisa isigqebelo ukubaxa neemfano zandi. 9. Intsingiselo yentsusa h) Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokwahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa uhlengahlengiso olungephi olumalunga nesigama nesakhiwo. 10. Ucalucalulo i) Ufunda isimo ukuze ufumane intsingiselo ukuze ususe konke ukuthandabuza. 11. Ulwimi oluchukumisayo j) Yinto/imeko enjalo kodwa ayithethwanga ngqo kwitekisi. 12. Intsingiselo ephuhlileyo k) Inobungqina bokuba yinyani umzekelo igama lombhali, isihloko sencwadi. 13. Ubunyani l) Intsingiselo ethethwa ngokuthe ngqo ecace gca. 14. Intsingiselo engathanga ngqo m) Lulwimi oluvuselela imizwa/ imvakalelo. 15. Ukuqikelela n) Ukusebenzisa igunya ukutshintsha ukuqala ugwebe phambi kokuba uthathe icala kube ziintshukumo zamaqela alawulayo neziye zibe neziphumo ezibi kumaqela alawulwayo. 16. Ilwimi ezahlukeneyo o) Yintsingiselo yokuqala/ yentsusa/ ethe ngqo yegama. 17. Ulwimi oluqhathayo/ olujija ingqondo p) Yinkcazo ecacileyo okanye ukuphononongwa kwento njengeenkolo zepolitiki. 18. Indima kanobalisa/izimvo zakho q) Itekisi isoloko iyimveliso yemeko ethile ukuquka imo yezentlalo inkcubeko nemvelaphi yepolitiki. 19. Izimvo r) Intsingiselo eboniswa ligama. 20. Ukuqala ugwebe ungevanga amacala s) Ulwimi okanye amagama asetyenziswa kwincoko engekho omabini sesikweni kunaxa kubhalwa okanye usenza intetho engekho sesikweni. 21. Isleng t) Uluvo lokuba le nto ilungile okanye ayilunganga nethi ibe nefuthe kwindlela oyilawula ngayo. 22. Iingcinga ezibethelelekileyo/ubungqondo u) Yimvakalelo yakho okanye uluvo lwakho malunga nomntu lukhuni okanye into ethile. 66 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

23. Ukuxabiseka v) Yinto ocinga ukuba yinyani nangona ungenabungqina bayo okanye yinkolelo ethi isekelezelwe kuluvo kodwa ekungekho siqiniseko sabunyani bayo. Imiba kaCLA Inkcazelo Isimboli/ umqondiso 1. Impikiswano a) Imigaqo yokuziphatha apho umntu ethatha A isigqibo ngoko kubalulekileyo ebomini. 2. Ukuqikelela b) Imbono ecalanye apho umntu athatha isigqibo B engaveleli iinkalo zonke 3. Indlela yokuziphatha c) Yimbono enobunyani ngendima efanelwe C kukudlalwa ngumntu ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye ilizwe 4. Intetho ekhetha icala elithile. d) Isleng yintetho engekho sesikweni esetyenziswa D liqela labantu umzekelo ulutsha. 5. ikholokhwiyam e) Kukuqala ugwebe ukungabikho konyamezelwano E okanye ukuqala ugwebe umntu okanye iqela malunga noluvo oluthile 6. Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo/ f) Izimvo ezingenabungqina, yinto umntu akholelwa F yokunxulunyaniswa kuyo nekungakwaziyo ukungqinisiswa ukuba yinyani okanye bubuxoki 7. Imeko bume g) Yindima kanobalisa ngokobume bemeko abhala G kuyo. Umzekelo ungasebenzisa isivumelanisi somntu wokuqala undi okanye umntu wesithathu. 8. Ukuhlaba amadlala h) Ukulukuhla yindlela yokulawula okanye H yokuqhatha abantu ukuze uzuze oko ukufunayo. Umzekelo isibhengezo ntengiso, iintetho zezopolitiko usebenzisa isigqebelo ukubaxa nemfano zandi 9. Intsingiselo yentsusa i) Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokwahlukeneyo I kusetyenziswa uhlengahlengiso olungephi olumalunga nesigama nesakhiwo 10. Ucalucalulo j) Ufunda isimo ukuze ufumane intsingiselo ususe J konke ukuthandabuza 11. Ulwimi oluchukumisayo k) Yinto/imeko enjalo kodwa ayithethwanga ngqo K kwitekisi. 12. Intsingiselo ephuhlileyo l) Inobungqina bokuba yinyani umzekelo igama L lombhali, isihloko sencwadi. 13. Ubunyani m) Intsingiselo ethethwa ngokuthe ngqo ecace gca. M 14. Intsingiselo engathanga ngqo n) Lulwimi oluvuselela imizwa/ imvakalelo N 15. Ukuqikelela o) Ukusebenzisa igunya ukutshintsha ukuqala O ugwebe phambi kokuba uthathe icala kube ziintshukumo zamaqela alawulayo neziye zibe neziphumo ezibi kumaqela alawulwayo 16. Ilwimi ezahlukeneyo p) Yintsingiselo yokuqala/ yentsusa/ ethe ngqo P yegama 17. Ulwimi oluqhathayo/olujija ingqondo q) Yinkcazo icacileyo okanye ukuphononongwa Q kwento njengeenkolo zepolitiki. ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 67

18. Indima kanobalisa/ izimvo zakho r) Itekisi isoloko iyimveliso yemeko ethile ukuquka R imo yezentlalo inkcubeko nemvelaphi yepolitiki. 19. Izimvo s) Intsingiselo eboniswa ligama. S 20. Ukuqala ugwebe ungevanga t) Ulwimi okanye amagama asetyenziswa kwincoko T amacala omabini engekho sesikweni kunaxa kubhalwa okanye usenza intetho engekho sesikweni 21. Isleng u) Uluvo lokuba le nto ilungile okanye ayilunganga U nethi ibe nefuthe kwindlela oyilawula ngayo 22. Iingcinga ezibethelelekileyo/ v) Yimvakalelo yakho okanye uluvo lwakho malunga V ubungqondo lukhuni nomntu okanye into ethile 23. Ukuxabiseka w) Yinto ocinga ukuba yinyani nangona W ungenabungqina bayo okanye yinkolelo ethi isekelezelwe kuluvo kodwa ekungekho siqiniseko sabunyani bayo. IIMPENDULO IMIBA KA-CLA ISIMBOLI/UMQONDISO Impikiswano W Ukuqikelela V Indlela yokuziphatha U Intetho ekhetha icala elithile. T ikholokhwiyam S Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo/yokunxulunyaniswa R Imeko bume Q Ukuhlaba amadlala P Intsingiselo yentsusa O Ucalucalulo N Ulwimi oluchukumisayo M Intsingiselo ephuhlileyo L Ubunyani K Intsingiselo engathanga ngqo J Ukuqikelela I Ilwimi ezahlukeneyo H Ulwimi oluqhathayo/olujija ingqondo G Indima kanobalisa/izimvo zakho F Izimvo E Ukuqala ugwebe ungevanga amacala omabini D Isleng C Iingcinga ezibethelelekileyo/ubungqondo lukhuni B Ukuxabiseka A 68 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

10 ISIHLOMELELO 1: Isikhokelo semibuzo eyintlanganisela sokuhlalutya nzulu iitekisi zomlomo okanye ezibhaliweyo. Imibuzo ebalulekileyo emayiqwalaselwe Ithini injongo yombhali okanye yesithethi? Ingaba itekisi inafuthe lini kwizimvo zomfundi okanye zomphulaphuli? Zithini izimvo ezivezwa ngumbhali okanye isithethi? Luthini uluvo okanye imbono yombhali? Zeziphi izimvo zombhali/zesithethi ezikekelele kwicala elithile? Zeziphi izimvo ezigqugqisayo kwitekisi? Loluphi ulwazi olungaxelwanga kwitekisi? Yeyiphi ingqikelelo ngabafundi ephuhliswe kwitekisi? Zeziphi iinkolelo, iingqikelelo nokulindelekileyo ukuba abafundi baziqaphele ukuze bafumane intsingiselo yetekisi? Ingaba ukuxabiseka, izimvo, umdla wombhali okanye isithethi kunafuthe lini kwitekisi? Ingaba ulwazi, izimvo zibekwe ngenjongo yafuthe lini kumfundi/umbukeli/umphulaphuli? Zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezinokuvelelwa? Zeziphi iimbono ezingavelelwanga? 11. ISIHLOMELELO 2: Imizekelo yemibuzo encedisa abafundi ukujonga ulwimi kwitekisi abayifundayo. Dwelisa zonke izenzi ezichaza ukuba intshukumo eyenziwa liqela okanye umlinganiswa uphinde udwelise zonke izibizo ezichaza umlinganiswa okanye iqela lasekuhlaleni. Kutheni besitsho? Kutheni besebenzisa eli gama endaweni yelinye? Kutheni besebenzisa elo xesha? Ngubani/kuthethwa ngantoni? Uthetha ngantoni loo mlinganiswa? Zeziphi izichazi okanye izibizo azisebenzisileyo? Zeziphi izenzi ezingqinelana nomlinganiswa? Zeziphi iintlobo zezenzi ezisetyenzisiweyo? Ingaba ziziyaleli? Zeziphi izimelabizo zoqobo ezikhethiweyo? Ingaba umbhali usebenzisa ziphi iimpawu xa ejolise kuye, kule nto athetha ngayo kunye nomfundi? Ithini indima kanobalisa? Ngawaphi amakhonkco onxibelelwayo asetyenzisiweyo? ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12 69

12 ULUHLU LWEENCWADI EZISETYENZISIWEYO: Fischer A et al. Oxford English Xhosa Dictionary 2014– Oxford university Press Cape town Inkcazelo yePolisi yekharityhulam nokuhlola Ibanga 10–12 (2011) DBE South Africa Google translator: www.google.com Iphephandaba lesiXhosa iSolezwe: http://www.iol.co.za Amaphepha eemviwo ezigqithileyo: Department of Basic education 70 ISIXHOSA GRADE 10-12

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