L3 Life Orientation Module 10

Life Orientation: Life Skills NQF 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

Explain water safety measures Module 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com *see terms and conditions

Think about it… • Can alcohol abuse also lead to water accidents? • What are the dangers of near-drowning? • With regard to water, are there new accidents or only new victims? Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Unit 10.1 Water – risk situations & safety measures Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

What is a water risk? • Risk = danger of being harmed or injured • Being in or near water always has risks. Figure 10.1: Not only children, but also hundreds of adults are injured or die every year in water-related incidents Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Potential risk situations near or in water • You could be at risk:  On your own, in a group or near others  Near water  In water  In a vessel  Moving across water. Figure 10.2: Freak waves can sweep people off piers and rocks Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Example of water risk: Contaminated water • Unsafe to drink, wash or swim in • Can cause disease (e.g. bilharzia) or death • Chemicals (e.g. pool acid or industrial waste) cause chemical contamination, & can burn skin & poison water. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Example of water risk: Drowning • Drowning = death from breathing in water & not being able to absorb oxygen. • Near-drowning = surviving drowning, but may have lasting damage. • Secondary drowning = water in lungs causes complications & death (even days after the incident). • Refer to Table 10.1 in your Student’s Book for more information. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Example of water risk: Drowning • People most at risk of drowning:  Can’t swim or are unfit  Under influence of alcohol  Have a medical condition  Lose consciousness after knocking their head/neck  Have an accident in or near water. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Example of water risk: Health factors • People who are unfit, weak or tired • People with medical conditions (e.g. asthma, heart disease, epilepsy) • People who get cramps (making them unable to swim). Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Example of water risk: Carelessness or misfortune • People may ignore safety regulations. • People may behave carelessly. • An unexpected disaster may occur. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.1 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 10.1 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

Example of water risk: Natural environment • Dangerous animals:  In fresh water, e.g. crocodiles & hippos  In sea water, e.g. jellyfish & stingrays  Near water, e.g. lions or leopards. • Inhaling water Figure 10.6: Crocodiles in rivers and dams may also cause drowning as they • Corals & rocks. drag their live victims under the water Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Example of water risk: Hypothermia • People may get too cold in water or in wind after getting out of the water. • Body’s core temperature drops. • Causes shivering & restricted blood flow which can lead to passing out & even death. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Example of water risk: Dehydration • People stranded in water may not have fresh water to drink & may be exposed to the sun for a long time. • People may over- hydrate by swallowing too much water when trying to stay afloat or get out of the water. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.2 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 10.2 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

What are safety measures? • Safety measures = rules, regulations & common sense to prevent injury or death • Refer to Example 10.1 in your Student’s Book for more information. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.3 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 10.3 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

Safety measures to avoid accidents in or near water • Take along clothing & gear • Keep safe company • Observe rules & warnings • Use watercraft correctly • Respect nature • Use pools safely. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.4 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this unit by completing Learning activity 10.4 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

Unit 10.2 Basic first-aid skills Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

What is first aid? • First aid = first assistance/care for an ill/injured person until professional medical treatment is given • Aim of first aid = to stabilise victims • Focus on breathing, heartbeat & blood before other injuries. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

First aid for water accidents • Focus on ABC of first aid:  Airway  Breathing  Circulation • Need oxygen for body to function & to prevent permanent brain damage. • May need to do different parts of first aid at once. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

A = clear the Airway • Airway = nose, mouth, throat & lungs • Clear:  Object stuck in throat  Water, vomit or chemicals inhaled. • Note: Choking occurs when something (food, water or a small item) is inhaled accidentally. • See Box 10.1 in your Student’s Book for more information about dealing with choking. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

B = get the Breathing going • Unconscious = no response to talking, pain or the situation • If there is no pulse or heartbeat, need to start CPR • CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation; getting oxygen to the heart (“cardio”) & lungs (“pulmonary”). Downloaded from hlayiso.com

How to give CPR • Turn patient onto their back • Check that the airway is clear • Place heel of your hand on top of your other hand • Adults & older children: 30 compressions (presses) on chest (between nipples) • Young children: press to a depth of 4 cm only • Babies: press with two fingers only Downloaded from hlayiso.com

How to give CPR • Gently tilt victim’s head back & pinch nose shut • Completely cover the victim’s mouth with yours (or with a special inflatable device) • Blow hard enough for their chest to rise (only a small breath for a baby) • Give another two blows. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

How to give CPR • Continue to give 30 compressions & two deep breaths until help arrives • Don’t give up! If necessary, swap with someone or Figure 10.17: The rescuer on the left is performing chest compressions, while ask them to help. the one on the right is holding the victim’s head back and administering air Downloaded from hlayiso.com

C = restore the Circulation • Cover the patient with a blanket, dry towel or jacket to warm them • Don’t give the patient anything to eat or drink • Try to stop any bleeding, but don’t touch blood. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Recovery position • Note: don’t move the patient if they have a back/neck injury • Once the patient is breathing & has a pulse, they need to be in recovery position • Recovery position prevents choking & makes breathing easier • Refer to Box 10.4 in your Student’s Book for guidelines on the recovery position. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.5 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this unit – and think about your own safety – by completing Learning activity 10.5 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

Summative assessment Module 10 Test your knowledge of this module by completing the Summative assessment of Module 10 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

Portfolio task 3 Module 10 Complete Portfolio task 3 in your Student’s Book. This is a formal practical assignment. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 3

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation (Life Skills) NQF Level 3