2022 CONS GR 8 KNITTING OPTION LG

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option LEARNER GUIDE Gr 8 KNITTING AND CROCHETING Page 1 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Practical lessons – Grade 8 TERM 1 Week 1: Orientate the learners in the workplace room. Week 2 & 3: Practical Lesson 1: Personal Hygiene, Health & Safety Week 4 – 6: Introduction to knitting Equipment and yarns Practical Lesson 2: Identification of Knitting equipment and tools Reading yarn labels Care symbols Week 7: Practical lesson 3 Reading yarn labels Basic hand knitting technique Finger knitting Week 8: Practical Skills Test 1 Page 2 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 2 Week 1: Knitting Abbreviations Interpretation of patterns Pattern reading and abbreviations Week 2 & 3: Practical Lesson 5: Pattern reading and abbreviations Knitting techniques Week 4 & 5: Knitting techniques Practical Lesson 5 Casting on/off garter stitch Week 6 & 7: Knitting techniques Practical lesson 6 Pattern reading and fixing mistakes Week 8: Practical Skills Test 2 Evaluate a label for a product Page 3 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 3 Week 1: Knitting  Purl stitch  Stocking/Stockinette stitch  Counting rows Week 2 & 3: Practical lesson 7 Ribbing, joining sides and entrepreneurial skills Week 4 & 5: Activity: Seams on article / garment Practical Lesson 8: Ribbing, joining sides and entrepreneurial skills Week 6 & 7: Practical Lesson 9: Labelling Practical lesson 10 Packaging and labelling Week 8: Practical Skills Test 3 Design a poster to advertise/market your product for the market day TERM 4 Week 1 - 3 Project based Learning Task (Marketing and selling a product.) Page 4 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 1 1.1 MARK ALLOCATION Learners work individually for practical lessons and skills test. The marks for the Practical Work are indicated below. Practical Lesson 1: 20 Practical Lesson 2: 20 Practical Lesson 3: 20 Total 60 Practical Skills Test: (used for term 4) 25 The Informal Activities is done to inculcate the skills that will be assessed in the Practical Lessons, which contributes to SBA marks for Term 1. Exemplary assessment tools for the practical lessons are included. The Skills Test forms part of the PAT mark of term 4 Health and Safety and Introduction to the laboratory / workplace Introduction: The environment in which you work influences your behaviour. To be truly productive, it is important to have a workplace where the furniture is arranged in such a way that activities can be performed with ease and with safety in mind. It’s everyone’s responsibility to keep the workplace and workstation clean and organized. In order to save time and energy it is important to adhere to safety measures Safety rules when performing manual work (sewing, embroidery, knitting) When sewing it is necessary to comply with safety requirements. Page 5 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option General safety requirements when doing manual work: 1. Always adhere to ALL safety measures and rules 2. Prevent being too hasty for example do not run in the class, as it may lead to injuries and may cause damage to equipment or appliances 3. Prevent that attention is distracted, always concentrate on your own work because talking to a friend may cause that you make mistakes, or unintentionally harm someone else. 4. The light should fall on the working surface from the left side or from the front. 5. Report injuries immediately. 6. Never touch blood if someone is injured, report immediately so the correct procedure can be followed. 7. Treat the fire extinguisher in class with respect and do not play with it. Safety precautions when working with fabric, thread and accessories: 1. When working do not bite through the thread with your teeth or tear it with your hands. 2. The length of a thread when sewing must not exceed the length of the distance to the elbow. Safety precautions when working with needles, pins and knitting needles: 1. Do not use rusty needles and pins in your work. 2. Attach patterns to fabric with sharp ends of pins away from you. 3. Collect and dispose of pieces of broken needles or pins, wrapped in paper. 4. Count the number of pins taken before work and the number of pins at the end of the work, it must be the same. 5. Keep knitting needles and the hook in the case, at the end of the work remove them out of reach of small children. 6. When working with knitting needles keep them no closer than 35 centimetres from your eyes. Page 6 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Safety precautions when working with scissors: 1. Keep the scissors in the case and out of reach of children. 2. When working, do not leave the scissors blades open. 3. Do not hold scissors with sharp sides up, and do not use them when central fastener is weakened. 4. When working hold the material with your left hand so that the fingers are away from the blade. Safety precautions when working with electric appliances: 1. Before operating the appliance, check that the cord is in proper condition, and if there are any faults, correct them. 2. Turn on and turn off the appliance, holding the plug with dry hands. 3. Do not leave the active appliance unattended. 4. Place iron only on a special heat-resistant stand. 5. When working, make sure that the cord does not touch the iron soleplate. 6. Keep the appliance in an upright position. 7. Choose an ironing mode suiting the fabric composition. 8. When ironing, do not touch hot surfaces of the iron with hands and do not dampen the fabric being ironed with plenty of water. Safety measures for working with electrical appliances, e.g. ironing equipment a. Switch off the wall switches before inserting or removing a plug. b. Never handle equipment by pulling on the cord. c. Never touch apparatus with wet hands. d. Do not use apparatus with a damaged cord. e. “Octopus” connections are hazardous. Never overload a socket. Page 7 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option How to wire a plug? Inside the plug there are three terminals: Earth: Top, centre - this is where the green & yellow wire goes – however double insulated appliances do not have an earth wire. Live: The brown wire goes to the live terminal, which is on the right side of the plug. Neutral: The blue wire connects to the blue terminal on the left of the plug. Fire Drill Safety Rules:  Listen carefully to directions.  Quietly line up  Walk carefully out of the building to your assigned place.  Stay with your class at all time.  Wait with your teacher until it is safe to return to your classroom. How to use the fire extinguisher? (**Remember the words PASS)  Pull the pin in the handle.  Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.  Squeeze the lever slowly  Sweep from side to side Page 8 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option SAFETY SIGNS The colour of a safety sign plays a big rule in the interpretation and reaction to it. Page 9 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option ACTIVITY SAFETY SIGNS 1. Determine the meaning of each of the given safety sign 2. Evaluate the suitability of each of the sign’s applicability for your specific practical class, motivate why it is suitable or not. B C A D E F G H I Page 10 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option ACTIVITY Demonstrate practically how to wire a plug correctly. After wiring the plug make a labelled drawing in your book of what you have done. BASIC FIRST AID Always wash your hands, before touching a wound, this helps to avoid infection. Use plastic gloves to protect youself against infection. Rinse the wound with clean water. Washing out the wound with running water will help reduce the risk of infection, or use a disinfection wipe. Remove any dirt with tweezers that is cleaned with disinfectant. See a doctor if you cannot remove all the dirt. Stop any bleeding. Small cuts or scraps usually stop bleeding on their own. If needed apply gentle pressure with a bandage or clean cloth. If bleeding does not stop elevate the wound above the heart. Page 11 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Apply an antibiotic or petroleum jelly. Apply a thin layer of ointment or Vaseline to keep surface moist and help prevent scarring. Cover the wound with a bandage or plaster, this also helps to keep the wound clean. Change the dressing often. At least once a day. Get a tetanus injection if the wound is deep or dirty. Watch for signs of infection. See a doctor if there is any signs around the wound that is red, increasing pain or swelling. Avoid blood contact If you are helping a bleeding person:  Avoid getting any of their blood into any sores or cuts that you may have on your skin.  Also protect your eyes and your mouth, especially when working with bleeding wounds.  Put on gloves before touching the wound/blood  If you pricked yourself or anyone else’s finger and there is blood, discard of the pin (throw in dustbin) and clean the wound. Page 12 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Grade 8 – Option: Knitting Practical lesson 1 - Health and Safety Worksheet Term 1 TOTAL 20 Surname, Name: Gr. 8 ___ 1. Electricity can be very dangerous if we use it incorrectly. Describe the pre-cautions you need to take in the next scenarios when using electricity. 1.1 You must plug in the iron to steam your knitting, but your hands are wet 1.2 Pulling the plug out of the wall 1.3 You need to charge 4 different electrical appliances 1.4 You need to put your phone on the charger, but you are bare feet 1.5 You need to add a multiplug to the end of your electrical cord 1.6 The insulation around the electrical cord frayed (6) Page 13 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option 2. In the event of a fire, explain the steps you will follow when operating the fire extinguisher. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 (4) 3. There are three terminals inside an electrical plug, and electrical cord have 3 different coloured wires. Complete the table to indicate the LEFT RIGHT function of each colour wire and also indicate where it must be placed on the plug when wiring it: Type/Function of wire Colour of wire Position on plug Earth Yellow and green Live Left side of plug (5) 4. Basic first aid: Answer the following questions: 4.1 Give a reason why your hands must always be washed before you apply first aid. 4.2 List ONE reason to wear plastic gloves when helping a bleeding person. 4.3 Explain what must be done if the bleeding does not stop. 4.4 Describe why a wound needs to be covered with a bandage or plaster. 4.5 Mention how a bleeding wound can be washed out. (5) TOTAL 20 Page 14 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Knitting orientation and motivation Setup: Teacher Orientates the learners in the practical workplace of the chosen option. Explain why practical work is important and discuss the advantages of working with your hands and knitting Explain to learners what they will be doing this term. Show articles, photos, videos, where you are taking them Informal Activities: Learners: Group activity - Make posters of SMALL products that can be viable to start a small entrepreneurial business. Formal Activities: TIME: 60 minutes ADVANTAGES OF A PRACTICAL SKILLS 1. When you do something with your own hands you remember better. 2. Practical work promotes experiential learning. 3. Practical work encourages self-learning. 4. Practical work can provide you an income or career. 5. Practice leads to perfection, greater the practice, greater the expertise 6. Practical work makes students independent and increases their confidence WHAT MAKES KNITTING WORTH WHILE Sara Jensen is a math professor who teaches math with knitting needles and yarn instead of using the traditional calculators and textbooks. The assistant professor of Mathematics at Carthage College has a mission to get people to understand math as a method of better understanding of the world around them. The way she has adapted to teach is through knitting and by observing real-life objects. '“Calculation” and “equation” came out on top. When the same question was posed to professional mathematicians, the top responses were “critical thinking” and “problem- solving.” www.theguardian.com Page 15 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option ADVANTAGES OF KNITTING KNITTING HELPS WITH CRITICAL THINKING AND PROBLEMSOLVING You need to be creative and must come up with solutions when something unplanned happen or if you have to adapt or create a pattern. KNITTING WORKS FOR TREATING ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION The naturally calming effect of knitting makes it easier for people to cope with these problems. IT HELPS TO TREAT YOUR ADHD It is not only cheaper than pills, but also healthier. Even boys as young as 7-8 years old are much calmer when given a knitting project. KNITTING FIGHTS DEMENTIA Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioning, these functions include memory, language skills, visual perception, problem solving, self-management, and the ability to focus and pay attention Studies show a lower incidence of Dementia in people who knit. KNITTING MAKES EVERYONE HAPPY People who knit are happy because they create something. Recipients of knitted items are appreciative and happy. KNITTING HELPS WITH MEMORY AND CONCENTRATION Especially if you are knitting in a pattern. ACTIVITY: Group activity - Make posters of various SMALL products that can be used to start a small viable entrepreneurial business with. Use pictures or sketches on the poster. When choosing products for your poster consider the following: - You must be able to make it - It must be fashionable / there will be a demand for it - It must not take a lot of time to produce - It must not be expensive to produce - It must be easy to market and sell - Resources needed for the products must be easily and readily available Page 16 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Knitting history and equipment Setup: History of knitting Identify the knitting equipment and their uses. Importance of using the correct size needles corresponding with the type of yarn; Informal Teacher: Activities:  Advantages of practical skills  Show different knitting equipment and explain their uses o Knitting tools for beginners https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rO78wz8bzI&t=31s o Selecting knitting needles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyeItxSMG0U o Choosing yarn https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b5SXNKCiNU o Different types of yarn and yarn weight (show videos or explain) https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=jXN3rOrr_6Q&feature=emb_logo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JWZa2ZTVA0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7cVJsvzF70&t=135s o Show/explain how to determine hook or needle size for the type of yarn you use https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95uMoNa_5Sw&t=21s o Show/explain how To Use A Needle Gauge To Measure Your Needle & Hooks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0-ATuAk0X4&t=4s Learners: Complete worksheet while/after listening to video on History of knitting Measure needle sizes with needle gauge Match the correct yarn and needle sizes Formal Practical lesson 2: (Identification test) Activities: Learners complete a worksheet based on different knitting tools and equipment. TIME: 60 minutes Page 17 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option EQUIPMENT USED IN HAND KNITTING AND ITS USES TOOL NAME USE Straight Needle size must match yarn needles thickness. The thicker or bulkier the yarn the bigger the needles Needles are tapered at both ends, Double which allows them to be knit from pointed either end. They are typically used needles in sets of four and five and are commonly used for circular knitting. For knitting cables, the stitches crossing behind are transferred to Cable a small cable needle for storage needles while the stitches passing in front (or behind) are knitted. The former stitches are then transferred back to the original needle or knitted from the cable needle itself. Circular needles are mainly for Circular projects knit in the round. Handy needles when you have a project with lots of stitches Tool that are used by knitters to Stitch hold open stitches when not being holders used by the needles Darning/ Used to finish of project and to Tapestry weave in all loose yarns needles Protect the points of your needles Knitting from becoming damaged when not needle in use. Also, be used for keeping Tip/point your stitches from falling off the protectors needles when you’re not working them. Page 18 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Manual Stitch /row counter Row counters are a handy tool to use when working a repeating knit pattern. Electronic Stitch / row counter Stitch markers are a quick and easy way to ensure you Stitch successfully complete your knitting markers projects. Once you knit the stitches of your pattern, place the marker over the stitch you want to remember, and then continue knitting. Measuring Measure work as you continue tape Yarn bowl Hold yarn while knitting keep it from getting dirty and helps to ensure equal tension Page 19 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Yarn Holders to store smaller pieces of holders / yarn winder Measuring A needle gauge makes it gauge possible to determine the size of a knitting needle. Yarn holder This Yarn holder will help you with your knitting the yarn spins easily as you knit. ACTIVITY: Identify the tool/ equipment that the teacher shows you, also give the function of the specific tool Page 20 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Different types of yarn and yarn weight ACTIVITY: Determine needle sizes Take the different sized needles provided by the teacher and determine the size of each needle using the needle gauge. Then look at the different types of yarn that was set out and predict which needles sizes will go with each of the yarn types provided. Page 21 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Gr. 8 – Option: Knitting Practical lesson 2 – Identification test Term 1 TOTAL 20 Surname, Name: Gr. 8 ___ 1. Study the given equipment and fill in the given table by giving the name and use (14) TOOL NAME USE 1a. 1b 2a. 2b. - 3a. 3b. 4a. 4b. 5a. 5b. 6a. 6b. 7a. 7b. Page 22 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option 2. Match the yarn given in COLUMN A to the uses in COLUMN B and pick the correct size needle in COLUMN C. (8) YARN USES NEEDLE 1 A Popular for (i) 8 mm needles garments and accessories 2 B Popular for (ii) 3 mm needles bold accent pieces 3 C Popular for (iii) 30 mm needles socks D Popular for (iv) 15 mm needles sweaters and Afghans TOTAL 20 Page 23 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Reading Label and creating yarn Setup: Information on the label of the yarn; Creating own yarn Informal Activities: Teacher: Explain the meaning of all the information found on a label https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-wMuHHT7rw Demonstrate how to read a yarn label Demonstrate making yarn from plastic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQwTcizA7Oo&t=5s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1kg2Z_wCIo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d7ykDnfhv4 Demonstrate making yarn from T shirt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JI4hr4zQes&t=19s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdcTbibxM4U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4ZUSvfYWiA Learners: Worksheet on reading labels Create their own yarn from plastic and old T shirts. Formal Activities: Practical lesson 3: Work sheet on reading the yarn label. TIME: 60 x 2 = 120 minutes Information on the label of yarn The label on a ball of yarn can gives us a lot of information that can help us make and care for handmade items INFORMATION ON YARN LABEL http://www.lionbrandyarnstudio.com/ Weight The label indicates the weight of the yarn, some patterns indicate the weight of the yarn you need so you know how much to buy for a specific item. Yarn is sold internationally therefor it is given in ounces and g. Page 24 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Fibre The label indicates the fibre content. It lists, with percentages, what the yarn is made from. It could be 100% of a certain fibre, most yarn these days is made from blends, e.g. 80% acrylic and 20% wool. Gauge This describes the average gauge of the yarn when worked on the recommended size needle or hook. For example, this label recommends knitting with a US 9 (5.5 mm) needle. That means if you knit a square of 16 stitches wide and 22 rows long, it should give a 10 cm x 10 cm square block. This is helpful if you are substituting yarn, meaning, if you use different yarn than your pattern calls for. Yardage and Meterage Tells you, in both yards and meters, how much yarn is on the skein. This is extremely important when determining how much yarn to buy for a project. The pattern usually gives the amount of yarn needed. Yards is included as it is the overseas measurements, as yarn is sold internationally. Care Instructions The label includes care instructions were standard laundering care symbols are used. It indicates the way the article must be handled after it was completed. Page 25 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Colour and Dye Lot The name of the colour and the number of the dye lots. Dye lot means those skeins were dyed together and should match perfectly. Sometimes, if you look at yarns that are the same colour way but different dye lots, you will notice tiny variations in colour. It’s generally not a huge difference, but it’s something you may notice more in a finished piece. If you are buying multiple balls of the same colour for a project, you want to make sure, they are all from the same dye lot Page 26 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Meaning of care labels Page 27 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option ACTIVITY – Reading labels 1. Give the colour of the yarn (1) 2. Give the dye lot of the yarn (1) 3. Indicate how much yarn are on the ball of yarn (1) 4. Explain why the yards and meters are given (1) 5. Give the size of needle that must be used when knitting this yarn (1) 6. If you want to determine the gauge of the yarn, state the following a) Give the number of stitches must you put on (1) b) Indicate how many rows must you knit (1) c) Give the size the square should be (1) 7. Give the fibre content of the yarn (1) 8. Sketch care labels of the yarn (1) TOTAL 10 Page 28 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Gr. 8 – Option: Knitting Practical lesson 3 – Reading a label Term 1 TOTAL 20 Surname, Name: Gr. 8 ___ 1. Study the following label and answer the questions that follow A B C D Page 29 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option 1.1 Give the colour (1) 1.2. If using the yarn in label A is used for making a scarf, how many grams is needed (1) 1.3 Predict what the following care icon on the different labels mean (4) a) b) c) d) 1.4 Give the size of needle the yarn of label B must be knitted with. (1) 1.5 Indicate the number of stitches and rows needed for the knitting the test gauge for B (1) 1.6 Indicate what type of needle is indicated on label D (1) 1.7 Give the fibre content of Labels C (1) 1.8 Predict what will happen if thicker needle is used for knitting the yarn in Label B (2) 1.9 Using the information on the labels, determine the thickness of the yarn. a) Explain the method you used to reach a conclusion (1) b) Arrange the yarn from thin to thick (4) 2. You are knitting a jersey, all parts are finished except for the front panel, unfortunately, your yarn is finished. Going to the shop the assistant gave you the same shade of colour you are working with, indicate whether you are going to buy that ball to finish the front panel or not, motivate your answer. (3) Page 30 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Finger knitting Setup: Finger knitting Informal Activities: Teacher: Show video and demonstrate finger knitting https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3BEgP5s9Pg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fs5ZCiboMmI Finger knit with 1 finger https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enqMF24Lh_k Show video on different products to make https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KhLebID6pA Learners: Learn and practice finger knitting skill with plarn and yarn Formal Activities: TIME: 60 x 2 = 120 minutes FINGER KNITTING This popular technique is a great way to introduce yourself to the knitting world Follow the following steps Slip the end of a ball of yarn between your thumb and index finger. Pinch to anchor the yarn as you knit. Then loop the yarn around your pinkie and weave it through your fingers Loop the yarn around your index finger completely, and weave it toward your pinkie Make a full loop around your four fingers. Page 31 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Slip the bottom (woven) row over the top (unwoven) row, from pinkie to index finger Repeat steps 2 through 4 as the knitted side flows down the back of your hand to the desired length. To cast off, cut the yarn, leaving about a 10-inch tail. Pull the yarn through all four loops, then pull the loops off your fingers. Tie the tail to the closest loop, trim. ACTIVITY: Use your plarn (plastic yarn) Practice the finger knitting technique, knit until your plarn is finished Take 3 m of ordinary yarn repeat the whole process Page 32 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option GROUP WORK ACTIVITY: Use the internet and get examples of items that were finger knitted Skills test 1 20 marks Page 33 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Marking rubric of finger knitting and article made. (10) CRITERIA 1 2 Finger knitting Do not look comfortable with Comfortable and competent with the technique, struggle to get the technique it done Article Choice of product not Excellent choice of product, suitable at all extremely suitable Some creativity in the design of an article Very little creativity in the Extremely creative in the design design of an article of an article Appearance of final product Excellent appearance not acceptable of the final product but could be better Will not be able to sell the Article will definitely sell article Page 34 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 2 1. INTRODUCTION Consumer studies are a totally new world that needs to be explored by the Grade 8 learner. Learners going into Grade 8 have no background in this subject and subsequently have a lot of skills and techniques to attain. These practical lessons were developed to assist the new teacher as well as the new Grade 8 learner in developing the basic skills that is normally neglected due to the emphasis on the theory component. This is the minimum practical lessons required for assessment. After completion of these lessons more lessons can be done for drilling of techniques or as incentives 1.1 The marks for the Practical Work are indicated below. Practical Lesson 4: 20 Practical Lesson 5: 20 Practical Lesson 6: 20 Total 60 Practical Skills Test 2: (used for term 4) 20 BASIC KNITTING ABBREVIATIONS In order not to make the pattern a very bulky document, abbreviations are used instead of writing out the words. It is therefore important to know the basic abbreviations if you want to understand patterns. All commercial patterns include an abbreviation list to ensure you know what to do. Page 35 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option ABBREVIATION MEANING EXPLANATION alt alternate Every second row / stitch must be done in the same way beg begin(ning) At the start or at the beginning cont continue Keep going as you were doing st(s) stitches The number of rounds on a needle K knit Needle is inserted from back to front P purl Needle is inserted from front to back sl slip Skip the stich without knitting it patt(s) pattern(s) The sequence of actions rep / * repeat Stitches from the one * to the other * must be repeated g stitch garter stitch All rows are knit with the same stitch Stitches are varied between knit and purl in constant rib Ribbing stitch manner to form lines, ribbing stretches Rows are varied between knit and purl in constant stst stocking stitch manner one side cobbly and one side straight) M1 / m1 Make 1 stitch Increase stitches by adding 1 stitch K2tog Knit 2 together Knit two stitches as one to decrease size of item inc Increase Increase the number of stitches dec Decrease Decrease the number of stitches Knit stitch Purl stitch Rib stitch Garter stitch Stocking stitch Page 36 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option GROUP WORK ACTIVITY Study the following commercial pattern and answer the questions that follow: Bear Pair Teddy Bears http://bevscountrycottage.com/buddybears.html Copyright © 2000 A.B. Permission given to Beverly A. Qualheim to publish this online. Materials for different sizes Baby Yarn-3 ply and #6 Needles (15 cm tall) Worsted Weight soft 4 ply yarn and #8 Needles ( Bear is 20 cm tall) Leg #1: Cast on 8 stitches Garter stitch 16 rows Cast off Weave in ends Eyes: K5, K1 in contrast colour (eye), K4, K1 in contrast colour, K5 repeat for a 2nd row, continue working until a total of 38 rows total from start of head, are done 1. Explain what does the term Copyright mean (1) 2. Indicate why is Copyright important (1) 3. Name the entrepreneurial possibilities do you think commercial patterns provide (1) 4. Give a reason why do you think the material and needle sizes are given, do you think it are crucial/necessary to give it (1) 5. Explain why you think the loose ends must be weaved in and how it could be done. (1) 6. In table format list all the knitting terminology and abbreviations you see on the pattern and give short explanation of each term (1) Page 37 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option ACTIVITY EXTENDED OPPORTUNITY if groupwork are completed Cut out to make cards, use for playing games like Snap; Bingo; Mix and match Every second row / stitch alt alternate must be done in the same way At the start or at the beg begin(ning) beginning Keep going as you cont. continue we’re doing The number of rounds st(s) stitches on a needle Needle is inserted from K knit back to front Needle is inserted from front P purl to back Skip the stich sl slip without knitting it The sequence patt(s) pattern(s) of actions Stitches from the one * to the rep / * repeat other * must be repeated All rows are knit g st garter stitch with the same stitch Page 38 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Stitches are varied between knit and purl in constant rib Ribbing stitch manner to form lines, ribbing stretches Rows are varied between knit and purl in constant stst stocking stitch manner one side cobbly and one side not Increase stitches by adding M1 Make 1 1 stitch Knit two Knit two stitches as one to K2tog together decrease size of item Increase the number Inc. Increase of stitches Decrease the number dec Decrease of stitches Page 39 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 2 PRACTICAL LESSON 4 (60 minutes) Read and interpret a knitting pattern and abbreviations Notes to the Teacher: 1. Make copies of the given extract from a commercial pattern 2. Give learners 60 minutes to individually complete the practical activity TERM 2 PRACTICAL LESSON 4 20 marks Reading pattern and abbreviations Study the following pattern and answer the questions that follow Wide Brim Men’s cap Materials  US Size 6 (4.0 mm) knitting needles (double pointed)  Lion Brand Fisherman's Wool (worsted weight yarn) 63 g Pattern Cast on 90 sts. Work 33 rows in P5, K4 ribbing Inc 10 sts: K9, M1 across (100 sts) Work 30 rounds in stockinette patt To knit Crown: Row 65: *K8, K2tog* across (90 sts) Row 66: K1 round (and every alt row) Row 67: *K7, K2tog* across (80 sts) Row 69: *Slip 1, K1, rep from * to end Row 71: *K6, K2tog* across (70 sts) Row 73: *K5, K2tog* across (60 sts) Row 75: *K4, K2tog* across (50 sts) Cast off. Weave in ends Page 40 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option QUESTIONS 1. Name the size of the needle that can be used for this cap. (1) 2. Explain why it is important to use the size of the needles suggested. (1) 3. Lion Brand Fisherman’s wool is sold in 100 g balls. If you have 5 balls determine how many caps you will be able to knit (Show ALL calculation). (2) 4. Explain how row 72 must be knitted. (1) 5. Name the number of ribbing rows. (1) 6. Write the following out in words: 10sts: K9, M1 across (100sts). (2) 7.1 Indicate if row 65 refers to increasing or decreasing. (1) 7.2 Provide evidence from the pattern of your answer in 7.1 (1) 8. Help the developer of the pattern to make an Abbreviation list for the given pattern by completing the following table. Fill in the missing meaning or abbreviations: ABBREVIATION MEANING K 8.1 P 8.2 Patt 8.3 K2tog 8.4 sts 8.5 8.6 Every second row/stich must be done in the same way (6) 9. Give the reasons for weaving in the loose ends on an article. (2) 10. Name entrepreneurial opportunities provided by knitting. (2) TOTAL :20 Page 41 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Technique of knitting Setup: Demonstrate the technique of knitting - correct method for holding the needle and yarn; casting on; casting off Informal Activities: Teacher: Teach slip knot, casting on and casting off Slip knot https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcN_NPR2jLE Cast on without slip knot https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvlY2vo_mPQ Cast on with needles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLRJiDHuHpk Cast off https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqyQJPboHWE (learners can use pencils or sosatie sticks if they do not have knitting needles, best to always to start with shorter “needles”, learners tend to struggle less.) By casting on & off you create a string that learners can use Learners: Practice the slip knot Practice casting on and casting of Formal Activities: TIME: 60 minutes HOW TO HOLD YARN Method 1: Holding the yarn in the right hand, pass the yarn under and around the little finger, over the ring finger, under the middle finger and over the index finger. Use the index finger to pass the yarn round the needle tip. The tension on the yarn is controlled by the yarn circled round the little finger. 1.Method 2: Holding the yarn in the right hand, pass it under the little finger, over the ring finger, under the middle finger and over the index finger. Use the index finger to pass the yarn round the needle tip. Method 3: Holding the yarn in the right hand, pass the yarn under and around the little finger, then over the index finger. The tension is controlled by gripping the yarn in the crook of the little finger. Page 42 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option KNITTING STITCHES The slip knot is a stopper knot which is easily undone by pulling the tail (working end). The slip knot is used as a starting point for crochet and knitting, as it can be adjusted to the size of the needle easily Making a Slip Knot  Leave about an 8 cm tail and flip the tail over the yarn coming off the yarn ball.  Flip the tail under the loop that was created so that it is going down the centre of the loop from behind  Pull the tail slightly through the loop.  Place one if your needles into the new top loop created (the smaller of the two loops) CAST ON (CO) Casting on stitches could be done with needles or by Hand Cast on with needles Cast on by hand Page 43 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Bind/Cast Off (BO) Knit two stitches onto the right needle, then pull the bottom one up and over the top. Knit one more stitch onto the left needle, then pull the bottom one up and over the top. Keep doing this, one at a time, until you're down to a single stitch on the left needle. ACTIVITY Cast on 30 stitches, with needles or by hand. Try both ways to see which is the best for yourself Cast off all stitches, you will see you created a string Page 44 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 2 PRACTICAL LESSON 5 20 marks Demonstrate basic techniques casting on; casting off (60 minutes) Notes to the Teacher: Prior to lesson: 1. Cut 2-meter strings of yarn, 1 per learner. 2. Familiarize yourself with the casting on video (see power point) 3. Familiarize yourself with the casting on gif (see power point) During the lesson: Resources – Power point Term 2 Week 4 1. Give every learner a piece of yarn. 2. Use power point to teach learners the different skills. 3. Let them practice the slip knot again. (See power point) 4. Let them put loop on the needle and start casting on stitches. 5. Show learners the different ways of casting on stitches and let them decide which one they like the best. Again, send the gif ‘s to their phones so that they can practice it 6. Let learners try both ways shown on power point, they use the method suiting them the best. Ensure every learner can cast on stitches, let the cast on stitches pull out and put up again until they are confident with the skill 7. Let learners cast on 30 stitches and let them cast off immediately TERM 2 PRACTICAL LESSON 5 Demonstrate basic techniques casting on; casting off Cast on 30 stitches Cast /Bind off Page 45 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 2 PRACTICAL LESSON 5 20 marks MARKING RUBRIC casting on; casting off CRITERIA 1 2 3 Handling of Learner struggled to Learner struggled to handle Learner handled the yarn yarn handle the yarn correctly the yarn at first but got it correctly from the start right during the process and did not struggle Handling of Learner struggled to hold Learner struggled to hold Learner held the needles needles the needles correctly a the needles at first but got it correctly from the start right during the process and did not struggle Learner tried Learner struggled with Learner tried both casting Learner tried both both casting both methods / only tried on methods but struggled casting on methods and on methods one casting on method with one of them did not struggle with any of them Casted on 30 Too little stitches casted Exactly 30 stiches casted stitches on on and off without struggling Tension Tension too tight Tension just corrects Appearance Majority of the stitches is Some of the stitches is All of the stitches are the of stitches different sizes different sized same sizes Cast /Bind off Cast off technique totally Cast off technique correctly wrong and learner executive struggled Final product No Name attached or not Name attached and neatly neatly presented presented Page 46 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Knit stitch (k) Also referred to as plain or garter stitch, knitting looks the same on both sides abbreviation on patterns is a k, it can be written as a small or capital letter TENSION IN KNITTING In knitting, tension or gauge is simply a description of how tight the knitted stitches are. Why does knitting tension matter? Tension affects the overall appearance of your project, and constant practice is needed to overcome this hurdle. Tension affects the size, thickness, appearance and density of your knitting and is largely determined by three things: a) Knitting needles Big chunky needles will make the stitches large, making your finished garment loose-knit and floppy. Thinner knitting needle will make stitches smaller, making your article to be dense and a lot less flexible. If your knitting is too tight use bigger needles and if it is too loose use smaller needles. b) Holding the yarn Many new knitters pull the yarn much too tight while learning. This makes it much harder to knit the next row as it makes it difficult to slide the stitches up and down the needle and it will also be hard to get the point of the needle into a next stitch if the stitch is too tight. More importantly, it will also affect how the finished project looks: if your knitting is too tight it may curl-up or crumple and it will certainly not be the size you expect. On the other hand, if you don’t hold the yarn tight enough your new stitch will be loose and flopping everywhere. Page 47 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option c) Yarn thickness The thickness of the yarn will determine the size of the needle. If the yarn you use is thicker or thinner than the one the pattern is written for, your tension will be different, and the finished item will not be the size you intended. ACTIVITY Learners put up stitches and practice knitting plain/garter stitch, cast off Cast on 10 stitches Knit 5 - 10 rows Cast /Bind off TERM 2 PRACTICAL LESSON 6 20 marks Demonstrate the technique of plain knitting (60 minutes) Notes to the Teacher: Prior to lesson: 1. Cut 4-meter strings of yarn, 1 per learner. 2. Recap casting on and off During the lesson: Resources – Power point Term 2 Week 4 1. Give every learner a piece of yarn. 2. Use power point to teach learners the different skills. 3. Let them put cast on stitches the way they prefer. 4. Show learners the different ways of putting up stitches and let them decide which one they like the best. Again, send the gif ‘s to their phones so that they can practice it 5. Let learners try both ways shown on power point, they use the method suiting them the best. Ensure every learner can cast on stitches, let the cast on stitches pull out and put up again until they are confident with the skill 6. Let learners cast on 10 stitches and start knitting 7. Show learners the video of knitting plain and let them try to follow from tutorial and video (put video on auto repeat) (see power point) 7. Learners knit 6 rows and then cast off 8. Show them how to cast off (see power point) Page 48 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option PRACTICAL LESSON 6 Demonstrate basic techniques plain knitting Cast on 10 stitches Knit 6 rows Cast /Bind off TERM 2 PRACTICAL LESSON 6 20 marks RUBRIC Plain Knitting CRITERIA 1 2 3 Handling of Learner struggled to Learner handled the yarn yarn handle the yarn correctly correctly from the start and did not struggle Handling of Learner struggled to hold Learner held the needles needles the needles correctly correctly from the start and did not struggle Casted on 10 Too little stitches casted Exactly 10 stiches casted stitches on on and off without struggling Knitted 6 rows Knitted less rows Knitted more rows Exactly rows knitted plain without struggling Tension of Tension too tight Tension overall too loose Tension just corrects stitches Appearance Majority of the stitches is Some of the stitches is All of the stitches are of stitches different sizes different sized the same sizes Cast /Bind off Cast off technique totally Learner struggled with the Cast off technique wrong and learner casting off technique at correctly executive struggled first but got it right during the process Final product No Name attached or not Name attached and neatly neatly presented presented Page 49 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Fixing knitting mistakes To undo your knitting, there are two methods: frogging and tinking. Frogging Frogging is what you do when you need to unravel a knitting project. To frog, you remove your knitting needles and start pulling the yarn to rip back to where mistake was made. You then have to insert the needle through all the stitches again. Tinking To tink, you unknit one stitch at a time. In fact, "tink" is just "knit" backward, which is how it gets its name. When tinking you have more control over each stitch, which can be helpful for some types of stitches and patterns. The method takes a lot longer, so it's best for when you only need to go back a short distance to fix a mistake. Weaving in loose ends Weaving in ends is always a necessary step at the end of any project. Even the smallest project has at least two ends: one at the cast on edge and one at the bind off edge. Larger and more complex projects can have many, many ends to weave in. Weaving in ends is essential to give your project a finished look and to keep those ends from getting loose and causing your knitting to unravel. It's not difficult but it can be time-consuming. The goals of weaving the ends in are:  To hide or make the ends of the yarn invisible on the right or front side.  To prevent the article from unravelling.  To make the project look nicer and give it a more professional look.  To make it more comfortably to wear, it would be quite uncomfortable if there is excess yarn lurking about. Page 50 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Term 2 SKILLS TEST Demonstrate the technique of knitting - Make an entrepreneurship article (120 minutes) Notes to the Teacher: Prior to lesson: 1. Prepare small balls of wool for every learner. 2. Ensure there is sosatie sticks for those that do not have knitting needles 3. Get pictures of what they can make for their entrepreneurial item (see power point for examples) During lesson: Resources – Power point Term 2 Week 5 1. Explain to learners that they need to use the skill they obtained to make a small entrepreneurial item 2. Use the provided Power point to show them examples of what they can make. (Although some examples show crocheted items it is about giving ideas, the same article could also be knitted. 3. Give learners the marking grid that will be used to evaluate the product, so they know what is expected of them 4. Provide them with the resources and emphasize that this makes up a big part of there term mark. Page 51 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Term 2 SKILLS TEST Demonstrate the technique of knitting - Make an entrepreneurship article (120 minutes) 1. Be creative and knit a small entrepreneurial item that will be evaluated as a skill mark The following rubric will be used to evaluate the item ENTREPRENEURIAL PRODUCT  Choice of product – is it suitable for an entrepreneurial item (4)  Knitting skills (casting on, knitting, casting off) - Techniques completed (4) - Workmanship (4)  Decoration – was any extra effort put into making the item attractive (4)  General Appearance and neatness of the item (4) Scale for Assessment: 1. Unacceptable, does not meet requirements, cannot sell 2. Poor, meets requirements but would not sell 3. Average, meets the requirements, should sell 4. Excellent, exceeds all requirements, will sell well Page 52 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 3 1.1 MARK ALLOCATION Learners work individually for Practical lessons and Skills tests. The marks for the Practical Work are indicated below. Practical Lesson 7: 20 Practical Lesson 8: 20 Practical Lesson 9: 20 Total 60 Practical Skills Test 3: (used for term 4) 20 The Informal Activities is done to inculcate the skills that will be assessed in the Practical Lessons, which contributes to SBA marks for Term 3. Exemplary assessment tools for the practical lessons are included. The Skills Test forms part of the PAT mark of term 4 TO THE TEACHER Knitting skills, recap previous skills add stocking stitch Setup: Recap previous skills add stocking stitch and counting rows Informal Activities: Teacher: To recap skills of term 2 let learners make small flower https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PoagK33Xrc Teach learners to knit purl stitch / stocking stitch Purl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tc9KxWjtu94 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGXJK3mOVCM Stocking stitch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ut1-OyuZLlY Teach learners to count rows (garter and stocking stitch rows) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6vM-3E0fRY Learners: Practice knitting stocking stitch Formal Activities: Practical lesson 7: Stocking stitches and counting rows TIME: 60 minutes Page 53 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option ACTIVITY (Baseline Assessment) Cast on 30 stitches (video says 85 but less stitches gives smaller flower) Knit 5 rows (DO NOT CAST/BIND OFF) Break of yarn leaving a long tail of approximately 20 cm Use tapestry needle and string yarn through stitches Gather and roll and sew secure to form flower (see video on power point) Purl stitch (p) Also referred to as plain or garter stitch, knitting looks the same on both sides abbreviation on patterns is a k, it can be written as a small or capital letter When you're knitting plain stitches, the long piece of yarn starts from behind the right needle, and you direct that needle from back of the stitch to the front. Purl stitches work the opposite: the long piece of yarn starts from in front of the right needle, and you direct the needle from front of the stitch to back Place the needle is from the front to the back Page 54 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Stocking /stockinette stitch Stockinette stitch has a right and a wrong side. The right side is typically the smooth side, called knit side. On this side, the stitches look like small V’s. The bumpy side of stockinette stitch fabric is called purl side. To knit stockinette stitch (abbreviated St st), you alternate a knit row with a purl row. ACTIVITY Learners put on 10 stitches knit 4 rows only purl then 5 rows stockinette, cast off COUNTING ROWS IN KNITTING Counting rows in knitting can be very confusing, especially if you have a lot of rows to count or when it is difficult to identify the stitches. It is necessary to count rows to ensure that a project is completed correctly. By learning some simple strategies for identifying your stitches you will find that counting rows is much easier Identifying stitches in rows It is best to ignore the stitches in your cast on row and the stitches on your needle when counting rows as these do not count, so when you are counting your rows ignore them. Begin counting on the row above the cast on row and finish counting on the row before you get to your knitting needle https://www.wikihow.com/Count-Knitting-Rows Page 55 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option METHOD 1 Look for the V’s in your work. To identify a knit stitch, look for V shapes. Each V is a stitch in a row, so you can easily count rows by counting the V’s from the bottom to the top of your knitting.  For example, if you look at given example there is count 8 V’s going from the bottom to the top https://www.wikihow.com/Count-Knitting-Rows METHOD 2 Count the upside down U shapes. If you are working in garter stitch or if you want to count the purl stitches instead, then you can also count the upside down U shapes in your knitting. Each of these shapes represent a stitch in a row, therefore, count these going from the bottom to the top of your knitting to find out how many rows you have knitted so far.  For example, if you count theses shapes In the given sample there are 4 rows. https://www.wikihow.com/Count-Knitting-Rows Page 56 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Gr. 8 – Option: Knitting Practical lesson 7– Stocking stitches and counting rows Term 2 TOTAL 20 Surname, Name: Gr. 8 ___ 1. Look at the following sample and answer the questions that follow: 1.1 Identify the different stitches that was used to create the sample (1) 1.2 Indicate how many rows was knitted in the sample (1) 1.3 Briefly explain the process you used to get to your answer in 1.2 (2) 1.4 Decide whether it is the front or the back of your project you are busy with (1) 1.5 The article has 10 stitches. Write the pattern in the correct format for ONLY the first 4 rows article after casting on stitches (3) 2. Use yarn and knit the following sample below: by following the pattern (12) Cast on 10 stitches Rows 1-4: Knit Row 5: Purl Row 6: Knit Row 7 Purl Repeat above pattern (from row 1 to 7) once more Then end with 4 knit rows Cast off. Weave in ends Page 57 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Marking rubric for sample knitting (12) CRITERIA 1 2 3 Casting on The tension of one or The tension of both is and binding both is either to tight or correct to lose. off The stitches in one or The stitches in both look both look uneven even Overall Tension poor Tension excellent, Tension throughout uneven Even throughout Loose or dropped no loose or dropped stitches visible stitches Side edges Most of the side edges Some of the side edges All the side edges are neat, not neat, straight and not neat, straight and even straight and even even Pattern Pattern not correctly Pattern correctly followed followed Correct number of stitches Incorrect number and rows of stitches and /or rows Followed pattern without Needed a lot of assistance assistance with pattern Overall Untidy all loose ends Average as some loose Excellent all loose ends appearance not weaved away, or ends was not weaved in or weaved in with technique used not technique used was not correct technique ends correct correct Page 58 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Knitting skills Rib stitch and joining sides Setup: Rib stitch and joining sides Informal Activities: Teacher: Teach how to knit ribbing (1x1 and 2x2) 1 x 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRv5SKPSpXg 2 x 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLkVP77eg0c Teach learners join knitting pieces https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAWAeM3F7jA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAWAeM3F7jA Packaging and labelling Learners: Practice knitting stocking stitch Formal Activities: Practical lesson 8: Rib stitch and joining sides TIME: 60 minutes Rib stitch Articles created from rib stitches are stretchy. It consists of columns of knit stitches alternating with columns of purl stitches. To make a ribbed pattern, you change from knit stitches to purl stitches within a row — instead of alternating knit rows with purl rows (as you do when making horizontal stripes). 1 x 1 Ribbing (always cast on an uneven nr of stitches) Single knit stitches alternate with single purl stitches, creating very narrow columns that stretches quite a lot. To create 1 x 1 ribbing, cast on an even number of stitches. Work all rows: K1, p1; till end of row. Repeat this row for the length of your piece. 2 x 2 Ribbing (always cast on a multiple of 4 stitches) Alternates 2 knit stitches with 2 purl stitches. It creates wider columns, but stretches slightly less than 1 x 1 ribbing To create 2 x 2 ribbing, cast on a multiple of 4 stitches. Work all rows: K2, p2; till end of row. Repeat this row for the length of your piece. Page 59 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Joining different pieces of knitting https://www.dummies.com/crafts/knitting/knitting-stitches/how-to-join-knitted-pieces-with-the-mattress-stitch/ Mattress stitch is best for joining pieces side to side as it makes a practically invisible and nicely flexible seam. It can’t be used successfully if the pieces difference of more than 1 or 2 rows. Step 1 Lay out your pieces next to each other, right sides facing up, bottom edges toward you. You seam from the bottom edge up. If you’ve left a tail of yarn at the cast-on edge, you can use it to get started. STEP 2 Locate the running thread between the first and second stitches on the bottom row of one piece. Gently pull apart the first 2 edge stitches to see the series of little horizontal — running — threads connecting them. STEP 3 Thread the tail of yarn or a fresh piece on a tapestry needle. Make sure your tapestry needle is blunt to avoid piercing the yarn. STEP 4 Join the bottom edges of the pieces, using a figure eight. Work through the two threads on the cast-on row. STEP 5 Bring your needle under the thread; then pick up the running thread between the first and second stitches on the opposing piece. This step begins your mattress stitch pattern. https://www.learn2knit.co.uk/knitting/joining.php STEP 6 Work back and forth from running thread to running thread to running thread, keeping the tension easy but firm. Check the tension by pulling laterally on the seam from time to time. The amount of give should be the same as between 2 stitches. ACTIVITY Learners put on 13 stitches knit 10 rows 1 x 1 ribbing Learners put on 12 stitches and knit 10 rows 2 x 2 ribbing Page 60 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option PACKAGING Packaging protects the product and is designed to attract the attention of the consumer. It is designed to be easily displayed, handled and opened. The packaging of some clothing products can be resealed after opening. Different types of packaging can be used to persuade customers to buy a product. REASONS FOR PACKAGING 1. Improve Appearance & Hygiene because attractive products attract attention and will be chosen over another 2. Protect from damage e.g. Airtight package that prevent product from getting dirty 3. Improve handling and is therefore easier to transport and store 4. Help to advertise the product because it helps: create market, cultivate loyalty, ensure quality, 5. Contains a label that provides information on care and use FACTORS IMPORTANT BY CHOOSING 1. Be minimal - just enough to cover the product. 2. Must be safe and hygienic 3. Be attractive and economical, preferably transparent 4. Suitable for product type & target market 5. Strong enough to protect product 6. Be user-friendly and provide information. 7. Label must be clearly legible 8. Eco-friendly preferably biodegradable / reusable / recyclable 9. Don't mislead consumers (in terms of size, etc.) LABELING TWO MAIN FUNCTIONS OF LABELS 1. To provide information to users 2. To advertise product IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR LABELS AND ADVERTISEMENTS USED AS MARKETING TOOLS 1. Place/ contact details must be given/ indicated 2. It must be creative and eye catching 3. The layout simple and the message must be clear and understandable, it must not be to “busy” or require too much reading 4. The product clearly stated or shown by a suitable illustration 5. Price must be included 6. Trade name must be given 7. There MAY NOT BE ANY spelling errors Page 61 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option EXAMPLES OF LABELS Page 62 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option CLASS ACTIVITY 1. Evaluate the packaging of the following products A B FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Gr. 8 – Option: Knitting Practical lesson 8 – Rib stitch and joining sides Term 3 TOTAL 20 Surname, Name: Gr. 8 ___ Create a bracelet in 1 x 1 ribbing, be creative and decorate it to make it more attractive for people to buy. Cast on 19 stitches Knit 10 rows in 1 x 1 ribbing Cast of Sew together ends Weave in loose ends Page 63 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Practical lesson 8 – Rib stitch and joining sides Term 3 RUBRIC 1. Marking rubric of sample made yarn, testing pattern reading and knitting skill (20) 1 2 3 4 Instructions Could not follow Could not follow Followed Followed instructions, instructions, instructions instructions Pattern Incorrect number Incorrect number Correct number Correct number followed of stitches and /or of stitches and /or of stitches and /or of stitches and /or rows rows rows rows Needed a lot of Needed a little Needed some Did not need assistance with assistance with assistance with assistance with pattern pattern pattern pattern Workmanship Unacceptable Tension poor, Average Tension. Excellent Cast on, Tension loose/ dropped No loose/dropped Tension tension, loose/dropped stitches, stitches, no loose/dropped Bind off, stitches, stitches, ends not weaved ends weaved in ends not weaved ends weaved in, ends weaved in in in Creativity Unacceptable. Poor attempt to Some attempts to Excellent Innovativeness No attempt to add decoration add decoration decoration Decoration add decoration added Appearance Unacceptable, Poor appearance Average Excellent, appearance, item neat but not appearance appearance, Neatness item not neat clean item not neat item neat and Loop and clean but clean clean Not joined Joining not Some mistakes Correctly joined correctly correct with joining Sell ability of Unacceptable, Poor, very little Average, some Excellent, all product nobody will buy people will buy it people will buy it people will buy it it Page 64 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Gr. 8 – Option: Knitting Practical lesson 9 – Packaging and Labelling Term 3 TOTAL 20 Surname, Name: Gr. 8 ___ You create a bracelet in the previous practical lesson now you need to awaken your entrepreneurial skills. 1.1 Evaluate the following packaging suggestions and give ONE reason why it will be suitable or not. Use the following table for your answer: (10) PACKAGE  or x Motivate your answer A Cardboard box B Hard plastic bowl with lid C Resealable white plastic bag D Eco-friendly cardboard container with see through top E Ziplock plastic bags 1.2 Indicate which one you will choose for your product. (1) 2. Evaluate the given labels, give one reason why each of labels will not be suitable for this specific product (3) Page 65 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option LABEL Reason why it is not suitable A B C 3. Identify/Find the mistake in each of the following labels and indicate how you will correct it, draw the correct symbol when needed (6) A B C Page 66 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Gr. 8 – Option: Knitting Practical Skills Test 3 Term 3 TOTAL 20 Surname, Name: Gr. 8 ___ Awaken the entrepreneur in yourself make one of the following entrepreneurial products given below. It will be required that you make the product without a pattern, you need to create the product yourself. All products must be made with 20 stitches (width), the length will depend on which item you are making. Use any stitches or combination of stitches that you have been taught You will be evaluated on the following:  knitting skill,  Creativity and decoration,  Sell ability Cup cosy Tin/bottle cover Cell phone cover TOTAL 20 Page 67 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option Practical Skills Test 3 RUBRIC 1. Marking rubric of sample made yarn, testing pattern reading and knitting skill (25)  Basic and advanced knitting skill,  Creativity and decoration,  Appearance  Sell ability 1 2 3 4 Basic skills Unacceptable Tension poor, Average Tension. Excellent Cast on, Tension loose/ dropped No Tension tension, loose/dropped stitches, loose/dropped no loose/dropped Bind off, ends weaved stitches, stitches, stitches, in ends not ends weaved in ends not weaved ends weaved in, weaved in in Advanced skills Width less than Width 20 stitches Width 20 stitches With 20 stitches Pattern knitting 20 stitches Only 1 stitch or 2 stitches or More than 3 Only 1 stitch or pattern used patterns used stitches or pattern used patterns used Creativity Unacceptable. Poor attempt to Some attempts to Excellent Innovativeness No attempt to add decoration add decoration decoration Decoration add decoration added Appearance Unacceptable, Poor appearance Average Excellent, Neatness appearance, item neat but not appearance appearance, Loop item not neat clean item not neat item neat and and clean but clean clean Not joined Joining not Some mistakes correctly correct with joining Correctly joined Sell ability of Unacceptable, Poor, very little Average, some Excellent, all product nobody will buy people will buy it people will buy it people will buy it it TOTAL 20 Page 68 of 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Grade 8 Consumer Studies LG Knitting Option TERM 4 1.1 MARK ALLOCATION Learners work individually for Practical lessons and Skills tests. The marks for the PRACTICAL BASED LEARNING are indicated below. Practical’s term 1-3 (3 x 60) = 180 marks 60% Project Based Learning 20 marks 20% Theory 20% Total 100 marks Term mark The Practical Skills test of term 1 – 3 count for 60% of this terms Skill test mark and the other 20% will be done by Practical Based Learning, this will form the PAT mark of term 4. PROJECT BASED LEARNING People was so impressed with the product you made for the skills test in term 3, that you decided to make more of the same item and to sell it, however, to ensure that people become aware of the product you need to market it to the local community on social media. Use the following steps to help you with your marketing strategy: 1. Choose a creative, suitable trade name for your potential business. [2] 2. Invent a logo/slogan that is suitable for your business and that would attract potential new customers [3] 3. Explain how you will package your item by doing the following: (i) Paste a picture or make a drawing of the type of packaging material you will use to sell the product in [2] (ii) Briefly explain why you decided on this specific packaging named in (i) [3] (iii) Design yourself a creative, attractive label that will fit the image of your product and will draw the attention of your target market. Make a real label that you attach to the item, in other words the label need to be the correct size and must include the needed detail to serve as a marketing tool for your product. For example, you need to include your trade name, logo, address/contact details, and the price. [4] 4. Develop a full-A4 page, colourful advertisement suitable for social media [6] Page 69 of 69