2022 CONS Grade 8 Clothing or Soft Frunishing Teacher Guide

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer Studies Practical Option Grade 8 Clothing & Soft Furnishing TG CONSUMER STUDIES Teacher Guide CLOTHING OR SOFT FURNISHING 0

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer studies: Clothing / Soft Furnishing Practical lessons – Grade 8 TERM 1 Week 1: Orientate the learners in the workplace room. Week 2 & 3: Practical Lesson 1: Personal Hygiene, Health & Safety Activity: Safety in the sewing room (Group work) Week 4 – 6: Activity: Basic sewing equipment Activity: Measuring equipment Activity: (Demonstration) Measuring Practical Lesson 2: Identification of Needlework equipment and tools Practical Lesson 3: Measuring equipment and tools Week 7: Activity: Basic Hand stitches for sewing and embroidery Activity: Basic Hand stitches for sewing and embroidery on an article Week 8: Practical Skills Test 1 Basic hand stitches for sewing and embroidery on swatches 1

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing TERM 2 Week 1: Activity: Sewing machine Activity: Function, threading, winding the bobbin Week 2 & 3: Practical Lesson 4: The Sewing Machine: parts, functions, thread, winding bobbin Week 4 & 5: Practical Lesson 5: The sewing licence Week 6 & 7: Practical Lesson 6: Commercial pattern Activity: Sew seams on an article Week 8: Practical Skills Test 2 Evaluate a label for a product 2

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing TERM 3 Week 1: Activity: Enclosed single seam, shaped facing Week 2 & 3: Practical Lesson 7:  Seams: The enclosed single seam on a sampler Week 4 & 5: Activity: Seams on article / garment Practical Lesson 8: Hems sampler Week 6 & 7: Apply hems on article Practical Lesson 9: Labelling Activity: Advertisement Week 8: Practical Skills Test 3 Make an enclosed single seam on an article / garment TERM 4 Week 1 - 3 Project based Learning Task (Marketing and selling a product.) 3

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Grade 8 Term: 1  Hygiene, Safety and Security  Introduction to the laboratory / workplace Introduction: The environment in which you work influences your behaviour. To be truly productive, it is important to have a workplace where the furniture is well arranged. It must be arranged in such a way that activities can be performed with ease and with safety in mind. It’s everyone’s responsibility to keep the workplace and workstation clean and organized. It is also important to wash your hands before touching your sewing fabrics and to wash them in-between working to prevent making your article dirty. General safety rules in the Needlework class:  Do not run in the class – you can be seriously hurt or damage appliances.  Scissors are very dangerous, don’t run or play with it.  Be careful when working with irons or steam irons, you can burn if you do not handle them correctly.  No learner is allowed to work without supervision in the needlework room.  Report injuries immediately.  Never touch blood if someone is injured, report immediately so the correct procedure can be followed. 4

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing  When helping someone that has a bleeding cut, always wear gloves so as to prevent HIV transmission.  Make sure that there is a fire extinguisher in class and that it is in a working order.  Always concentrate on your own work. While talking to a friend you may sew or cut something incorrectly.  Avoid loose clothing or jewellery and tie up hair to prevent it from becoming tangled in the moving parts of the machine. Basic safety rules for working with a sewing machine:  Hold head up and out of the way of moving parts.  Sit with back straight to help with concentration.  Work should be done in a sitting position. CORRECT SITTING POSITION  Only use the sewing machine in the designated area in the classroom.  Equipment and appliance should be arranged in such a way as to allow for safe movement.  Keep your fingers away from the needle and moving parts of the sewing machine.  Do not press the foot peddle on someone else’s sewing machine.  Electric cords must be out of the way as tripping over wires can cause injury and damage equipment.  Switch current off before inserting or removing plugs from sockets.  Switch off your sewing machine when making adjustments. 5

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing  Make sure you have good lighting while you are sewing.  Make sure the machine is switched off and packed away when finished Safety measures for working with electrical appliances, e.g. ironing equipment  See that all three-pin plugs are connected correctly  Examine old electric wires and flexes to see whether there are any broken places – repair immediately.  First put plug in wall socket. Then switch the plug on. Do not ever switch the switch on first.  Never pull out the plug by its cord. Take hold of the plug itself and remove it from the socket.  Never use electrical appliance when you are barefoot.  It is dangerous to use any electrical appliance close to water. Never touch anything electrical with wet hands or while standing in water.  Never push metal objects or your fingers into a plug.  Never overload a wall-socket. Do not plug in more than two appliances at the same time. Make use of appropriate adaptors 6

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing How to wire a plug? Inside the plug there are three terminals: Earth: Top, centre - this is where the green & yellow wire goes – however double insulated appliances do not have an earth wire Live: The brown wire goes to the live terminal, which is on the right side of the plug. Neutral: The blue wire connects to the blue terminal on the left of the plug. Fire Drill Safety Rules:  Listen carefully to directions.  Quietly line up  Walk carefully out of the building to your assigned place.  Stay with your class at all time.  Wait with your teacher until it is safe to return to your classroom. How to use the fire extinguisher Remember the words PASS  Pull the pin in the handle.  Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.  Squeeze the lever slowly. 7

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing  Sweep from side to side SAFETY SIGNS BASIC FIRST AID Always wash your hands. This helps to avoid infection. 8

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Activity: Hand washing (Group work) Learners do research about the steps in the hand washing procedure. Learners design and make an A-4 poster illustrating the steps in the hand washing procedure. Poster: Handwashing 9

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Rinse the wound with clean water. Wash out the wound with running water this Will help reduce the risk of infection, or use a disinfection wipe. Remove any dirt with tweezers that is cleaned with disinfectant. See a doctor if you cannot remove all the dirt. Stop any bleeding. Small cuts or scraps usually stop bleeding on their own. If needed apply gentle pressure with a bandage or clean cloth. If bleeding does not stop elevate the wound above the heart. Apply an antibiotic or petroleum jelly. Apply a thin layer of ointment or Vaseline to keep surface moist and help prevent scarring. Cover the wound with a bandage or plaster, this also helps to keep the wound clean. Change the dressing often. At least once a day. 10

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Get a tetanus injection if the wound is deep or dirty. Watch for signs of infection. See a doctor if there is any signs around the wound that is re, increasing pain or swelling. HIV/AIDS HIV / AIDS is cause by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). When a person is now very ill because of the virus they have acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse, but can also be spread through open wounds and cuts. Once a person is infected, the virus remains in the body for life. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but there are drugs/medications that help to control the virus. Avoid contact with blood If you are helping a bleeding person:  Avoid getting any of their blood into any sores or cuts that you may have on your skin.  Also protect your eyes and your mouth.  There should be gloves in all first aid kits – use them.  If you pricked yourself or anyone else’s finger and there is blood, discard of the pin (throw in dustbin) and clean the wound. CLASS ACTIVITY (Group work) GRADE 8 TERM 1 Study the scenario below and create a poster about Hygiene, Health and Safety 11

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing CLASS ACTIVITY Marking guidelines GRADE 8 TERM 1 Study the scenario below and create a poster about Hygiene, Health and Safety Poster to incorporate FIVE of the following Sitting position, overloading electrical points, handing of scissors, a tidy floor, electrical cords must not be damaged, hair tied back, switch off iron when not using it, furniture to be in good repair, using the correct equipment to keep pins (5) Clearly presented poster (1) 12

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Grade 8 Term 1 Practical lessons and Skills Tests Term 1 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Hygiene, Safety and Identification of Measuring equipment Security Needlework Equipment Skills Test 1 13

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Module: Clothing production Practical lesson 1 Term 1 Hygiene, Health, and Safety Name: Grade 8 1.1 Study the words below and reorganise them in the correct sequence/order when we are washing hands Rinse hands, apply soap, wet hands, dry hands, scrub hands 1.1 (5) 2. Electricity can be very dangerous if we use it incorrectly. Describe the pre- cautions you need to take when using electricity from the following scenarios. 2.1 You have wet hands: 2.1 2.2 Pulling the plug out of the wall: 2.2 2.3 You have 4 appliances: 2.3 2.4 You are walking barefooted: 2.4 2.5 You need to make adjustments on your electric sewing machine: 2.5 2.6 The electrical cord: 2.6 (6) 14

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 3. State what this sign means 3. (1) 4. In the event of a fire, how will you operate the fire extinguisher? Name the FOUR steps. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 (4) 5. HIV/AIDS can spread through open wounds and cuts through contact with blood. Name FOUR precautions to keep in mind so as to avoid contact with their blood. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 (4) Total (20) 15

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Module: Clothing production Practical lesson 1 Term 1 Hygiene, Safety and Security Name: Grade 8 Marking guidelines 1.1 Study the words below and reorganise them in the correct sequence/order when we are washing hands Rinse hands, apply soap, wet hands, dry hands, scrub hands 1.1 Wet hands, apply soap scrub hands, rinse hands, dry hands (5) 2. Electricity can be very dangerous if we use it incorrectly. Describe the pre- cautions you need to take when using electricity from the following scenarios. 2.1 You have wet hands: 2.1 Never touch anything electrical with wet hands  2.2 Pulling the plug out of the wall: 2.2 Never pull out the plug by its cord. Take hold of the plug itself and remove it from the socket 2.3 You have 4 appliances: 2.3 Never overload a wall-socket. Make use of appropriate adaptors 2.4 You are walking barefooted: 2.4 Never use electrical appliance when you are barefoot 2.5 You need to make adjustments on your electric sewing machine: 2.5 Switch off your sewing machine when making adjustments 2.6 The electrical cord: 2.6 Examine old electric wires and flexes to see whether there are any broken places – repair immediately (6) 16

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 3. State what the sign means 3. There is a fire extinguisher  (1) 4. In the event of a fire, how will you operate the fire extinguisher? Name the FOUR steps. 4.1 Pull the pin in the handle.  4.2 Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.  4.3 Squeeze the lever slowly.  4.4 Sweep from side to side (4) 5. HIV/AIDS can spread through open wounds and cuts through contact with blood. Name FOUR precautions to keep in mind so as to avoid contact with their blood. 5.1 Avoid getting any of their blood into any sores or cuts that you may have on your skin.  5.2 Also protect your eyes and your mouth.  5.3 There should be gloves in all first aid kits – use them.  5.4 If you pricked yourself or anyone else’s finger and there is blood, discard of the pin (throw in dustbin) and clean the wound. (4) Total (20) 17

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Grade 8 Term 1 Identify basic sewing equipment and tools - name their uses and - care It is important to use the correct equipment / tools when you sew. The equipment and tools are categorized into FIVE groups Sewing tools, Cutting tools, Marking tools, Ironing tools, Measuring tools 1. Sewing equipment and tools 1.1 Cutting Equipment / Tools Name Properties Use Care Dressmaker’s scissors:  large handle  use only to cut  Keep away from  long, sharp fabric moisture blades  Do not drop  Pass scissors with the handle Embroidery scissors:  small  cut threads towards the  sharp point  finer cutting of person who is corners and going to receive edges them.  Carry with sharp Pinking scissors:  serrated  cut a zig-zag points blades edge in fabric to downwards prevent it  Do not run with fraying scissors in your (unravelling) hands  Do not cut paper with it. Quick unpick / seam  sharp point  take out sewing  Tighten the pivot ripper:  hook-like mistakes screw and apply shape  use to cut open oil periodically button holes  Always avoid cutting over pins. Operating a pair Using a seam using a pinking using a thread of scissors unpick shears snip https://youtu.be/aU https://youtu.be/Q https://youtu.be/_ https://youtu.be/bZ wrqsuEjBI YiWKFpA6Zg 3s_9IhVjI8 Nwa6P3QBY 18

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1.2 Sewing Tools Name Properties Use Care Pins:  long  keep units  Store in a pin  thin together before box or on a pin  rust free sewing cushion  sharp points  Keep away from moisture  Discard blunt or broken pins Needles:  A selection of  Use a  Keep needles different no 8 – 10 separate from needles are needle for pins available general sewing  Keep needles  No 1 needle is away from  Use a thin long and thick moisture. needle for thin  No 10 needle fabric. is short and thin - Embroidery needle  Sharp point  Use for  Thin embroidery  Long eye - Tapestry needle  Short, thick  Use for coarse needle embroidery on  Blunt point gauze or netting Thimbles:  A thimble  Protects the  Keep safe with should fit the finger when other middle finger. doing a lot of needlework hand sewing equipment. 19

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1.3 Marking Tools Name Properties Use Care Marking pen:  Blue = water  Make  Keep in a safe soluble pattern place.  Purple = markings  Use only on disappears after 24 on fabric fabric. hours Tailor’s chalk:  Can be a colour  Make  Keep in a safe pencil pattern place. OR markings  Use only on on fabric fabric.  Triangle shaped  They break chalk easily, use with care Tracing wheel and -  A tracing wheel is  Make  Store in a safe paper: used together with pattern place special markings  Use only on dressmaker’s on the fabric carbon paper wrong side of the fabric 20

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1.4 Sewing Thread Sewing thread:  A variety is  Use white or  Secure end available yellow thread for before storing  Use good quality tacking.  Keep neatly in thread  Use a matching a dust free  Cotton for cotton colour thread for container. fabric sewing and over  Do not stick  Polyester for locking. needles in it. polyester fabric The success of sewing will be determined by good ironing and pressing of the article/garment. It is important to iron after each step. 1.5 Ironing equipment Equipment / Tools Use Care Iron - A good steam - Iron must be clean. iron is essential - Use cooled off boiled for pressing water. seams and - Empty iron after use. smoothing out - Store in upright position fabric. after it has cooled down. - Do not wind the electrical cord around a warm iron. Ironing board - Use with steam - Ironing board must be iron. sturdy. - Cover must be clean. Sleeve board 21

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Use it for ironing sleeves and small parts. Press cloth: - Use with iron to - White cotton works the A big white calico cotton cloth. prevent shiny best. marks on fabric. - Must be clean. - Store only when dry. A well-ironed garment will be:  Flat, smooth and free of creases.  Seams and hems will not show through to the right side.  Garments will not have an over-pressed and limp look.  Fabrics with a dull surface should not be ironed until they become shiny.  Be careful when ironing stretchy fabric or loosely woven fabrics so that you do not change the shape of the garment. CLASS ACTIVITY Grade 8 TERM 1 SEWING EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS NAME_____________________________ Study the names of sewing equipment and tools in COLUMN A and match them to the properties and functions in COLUMN B. Write the correct matches in COLUMN C. COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C Sewing Properties and equipment/tool function 22

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1 Tape measure A For cutting fabric only 2 Thread B Right size for fabric 3 Dressmakers C Hold pins Scissors temporarily during sewing 4 Pins D 150 cm 5 Needles E Transferring pattern markings 6 Thimble F Spool pin 7 Pincushion G Hold pieces of fabric before sewing 8 Tracing wheel H Protect finger during sewing by hand I Feeds the fabric during sewing J Colourfast (16) CLASS ACTIVITY Marking guidelines GRADE 8 TERM 1 SEWING EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS NAME_____________________________ 23

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Study the names of sewing equipment and tools in COLUMN A and match them to the properties and functions in COLUMN B. Write the correct matches in COLUMN C. COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C Sewing Properties and equipment/tool function 1. Tape measure 1 Tape measure A For cutting fabric D 150cm only 2. Thread 2 Thread B Right size for J Colourfast fabric 3. Dressmakers scissors 3 Dressmakers C Hold pins A For cutting fabric only Scissors temporarily during sewing 4. Pins 4 Pins D 150 cm G Hold pieces of fabric together before sewing 5. Needles 5 Needles E Transferring B Right size for the fabric pattern markings 6. Thimble 6 Thimble F Spool pin H Protect finger during sewing by hand 7. Pin cushion 7 Pincushion G Hold pieces of C. Hold pins temporarily during fabric together sewing before sewing 8. Tracing wheel 8 Tracing wheel H Protect finger E For transferring pattern during sewing by hand markings I Feeds the fabric during sewing 24

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing J Colourfast (16) Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 2 Term 1 Identification of Needlework Equipment and tools Name: Grade 8 Practical lesson 2 – Term 1 – Identification of Needlework Equipment. Complete the name and use of the equipment displayed at the number 1. Give any THREE categories of needlework tools you learnt about 1.1 ________________________ 1.2 _________________________ 1.3 ________________________ (3) 2. Complete the name and use of the equipment displayed in COLUMN A. Give its use in COLUMN B (14) 2.1 COLUMN A 2.2 COLUMN B 2.2 COLUMN C The tool Name of tool Use of tool 25

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 3. Describe a well pressed article. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________ (3) TOTAL: 20 26

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 2 Term 1 Identification of Needlework Equipment and tools Name: Grade 8 Marking guidelines Practical lesson 2 – Term 1 – Identification of Needlework Equipment. Complete the name and use of the equipment displayed at the number 1. Give any THREE categories of needlework tools you learnt about 1.1 Sewing tools, cutting tools, marking tools, ironing tools, measuring tools 1.2 1.3 ( Any 3) (3) 2 Complete the name and use of the equipment displayed in COLUMN A. Give its use in COLUMN B (14) 2.1 COLUMN A 2.2 COLUMN B 2.2 COLUMN C The tool Name of tool Use of tool Needles Use no 8 – 10 needle for general sewing Use a thin needle for thin fabric. Iron/Steam iron A good steam iron is essential for pressing seams and smoothing out fabric. 27

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Cutting shears Use to cut fabric only Dressmakers’ Keep fabrics pieces together pins before sewing Large white Use with iron to prevent calico cloth shiny marks on fabric Pinking shears Cut a zig-zag edge in fabric to prevent it fraying (unravelling) Embroidery Cut threads scissors Finer cutting of corners and edges 3 Describe a well pressed article.  Lies flat, smooth without creases  Seams and hems will not show through to the right side.   Garments will not have an over-pressed and limp look.  Fabrics with a dull surface should not be ironed until they become shiny.   Be careful when ironing stretchy fabric or loosely woven fabrics so that you do not change the shape of the garment/article  (Any 3) (3) TOTAL: 20 28

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Grade 8 Term 1 Identify basic measuring equipment and tools - name their uses and - care It is important to use the correct measuring equipment / tools when you sew. Measuring tools (equipment) Name Properties Use Care Tape measure:  150 cm in length  Taking of body  Wipe  made of non- measurements – with a stretch material width and length damp  marked in mm  Measure fabric cloth and cm on both  Start measuring at  Store sides the metal tip rolled  metal tips to up ensure accuracy Sewing gauge:  A short metal or  measure small  Keep in plastic ruler with distances like a safe an adjustable seams, hems and place sliding marker button holes Measuring card  Can be home  Use to measure  Do not made with stiff seams, hems and bend cardboard buttonholes.  Keep dry 29

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Ruler  Made of plastic or  Not commonly  Do not wood. used in sewing break  Calibrated in both  It is used to mm and cm measure short measurements in a more steady way than a tape measure  Can be used to measure hems accurately Identifying different measurements on measuring tools 5mm 30

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Measuring card with 1cm, 1.5cm, 2cm, 2,5cm, 3,5cm, 6cm Body measurements – Recap A standard body measurements chart can be found on all commercial patterns. You need to take your body measurements first to determine which size pattern you need to buy. When choosing a pattern for a shirt, blouse, or top, use your bust measurement as guide. Dresses, skirts and trousers are based on waist and hip measurement. Choose a pattern according to your bust and hip measurement and make any adjustments before laying out and cutting the fabric. Body measurements: Take your body measurements with a tape measure. Take your measurements as follow: Bust/Chest: keep the measuring tape flat and measure around the broadest part. Waist: measure around the natural waistline. 31

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Hips: measure about 20 cm below the waistline, around the broadest part of the hips. Neck-to-waist: measure from the prominent bone at the back of the neck to the waistline. CLASS ACTIVITY GRADE 8 TERM 1 USING MEASURING EQUIPMENT Body measurements: 1. Using hard paper make your own measuring card with 5mm, 1cm, 1.5cm, 2. In pairs take your body measurements with a tape measure. Take your measurements as follow: Bust/Chest: keep the measuring tape flat and measure around the broadest part. Waist: measure around the natural waistline. Hips: measure about 20 cm below the waistline, around the broadest part of the hips. Neck-to-waist: measure from the prominent bone at the back of the neck to the waistline. 32

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Measuring equipment and tools Practical lesson 3 Term 1 1. Use a tape measure to draw lines in your book of the following lengths: 2.1 15cm 2.2 9cm 2.3 12,5cm 2.4 5cm 2.5 2,5cm (5) 2. Use stiff cardboard to make your own measuring card. The following measurements must be displayed: 3.1 3cm 3.2 1cm 3.3 1,5cm 1cm 1,5cm 3cm (5) 3. In pairs, demonstrate the correct use of the tape measure by taking the following measurements of your friend: 3.1 Waist measurement: __________________________________ 3.2 Hip measurement: __________________________________ (5) 33

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 4. Use the words in the block to complete the classification of tools and equipment. Dressmaker’s scissor Ironing board Sewing gauge Embroidery needles Measuring tape Steam iron Sleeve board Cutting board Classification ofSharps sewing tools / equipment Ironing equipment Measuring tools/equipment (5) Total = (20) Marking Guidelines Consumer Studies Practical lesson 3 Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Term 1 Measuring equipment and tools 1. Use a tape measure to draw lines in your book of the following lengths: 1.1 15cm 1.2 9cm 1.3 12,5cm 1.4 5cm 1.5 2,5cm (5) 2. Use stiff cardboard to make your own measuring card. The following measurements must be displayed: 2.1 3cm 34

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 2.2 1cm 2.3 1,5cm 1cm 1,5cm 3cm Straight cut edges clear markings (5) 3. In pairs, demonstrate the correct use of the tape measure by taking the following measurements of your friend: 3.1 Waist measurement: __ measure around the natural waistline __ 3.2 Hip measurement: ___ measure about 20 cm below the waistline, around the broadest part of the hips ____ (5) 4. Use the words in the block to complete the classification of tools and equipment. Dressmaker’s scissor Ironing board Sewing gauge Embroidery needles Measuring tape Steam iron Sleeve board Cutting board Sharps Classification of sewing tools / equipment Ironing equipment Measuring tools/equipment Ironing board Measuring tape Sleeve board Sewing gauge Steam iron (5) Total = (20) Grade 8 Term: 1 Explain and demonstrate: Basic Hand stitches for sewing and embroidery Hand stitches 1. Types of Basic hand stitches for sewing and embroidery: 35

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing For most projects you will need to do some sewing by hand – for example, making hems and stitching trickier areas. 1.1 Tacking / Basting Stitch Simple tacking stitches are used for holding two pieces of fabric together and making temporary hems. Since the stitches won’t be staying in the fabric, you can use a knot to start off. Just use a single thread to make straight stitches 1.1.1 Even tacking 1.1.2 Uneven tacking 1.2 Running stitches: This stitch is similar to tacking and is generally used for decorating a finished project. Simply bring your needle up and down through the fabric at regular intervals to create evenly-spaced stitches. Make sure that all the stitches are the same length and the spaces between them too – this is particularly important if you are using it as an embellishment. It is also used for quilting. 36

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1.3 Back stitch / stem stitch. A strong stitch that is used for joining two pieces of fabric together permanently. It is stronger and firmer than the running stitch. It can be used if a sewing machine is not available to sew. It’s also a decorative embroidery stitch. 1.4 Threaded backstitch Use the basic back stitch as explained before and add threads to serve as decoration. Different colour threads can be used. This is an easy way to add colour to your patchwork, once you are done joining the strips together. 37

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1.5 Slip stitch: The slip stitch is a very important sewing stitch to know. It is perfect for closing up small holes you leave in order to flip a project right side out. 1.6 Blanket stitch 38

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1.7 Herringbone stitch Basic stitches to do patchwork and quilting by hand: 2.1 Running stitches: This stitch is similar to tacking and is generally used for decorating a finished project. Simply bring your needle up and down through the fabric at regular intervals to create evenly-spaced stitches. Make sure that all the stitches are the same length and the spaces between them too – this is particularly important if you are using it as an embellishment. It is also used for quilting. Back stitches – basic backstitch / stem stitch. A strong stitch that is used for joining two pieces of fabric together permanently. It is stronger and firmer than the running stitch. It can be used if a sewing machine is not available to sew. It’s also a decorative embroidery stitch Embroidery stitches: Basic embroidery stitches are useful for decorating items. You can decorate clothes, sheets, pillowslips, cushions, bags and so on. Decoration adds value to an item, making it unique and accentuating your personal style. 3.2 Threaded backstitch Use the basic back stitch as explained before and add threads to serve as decoration. Different colour threads can be used. 39

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing This is an easy way to add colour to your patchwork, once you are done joining the strips together. Embroidery Stitches Embroidery thread Cotton embroidery floss or Stranded Perle thread: cotton: This is a thicker cotton thread and non-divisible. Most commonly used for hand embroidery. It comes in different thicknesses. You can divide the strands and use 1, 2, 3 or 4 It has a sheen and comes in a variety of colours. strands. Very affordable with a wide range of colours Running Stitch This stitch is similar to tacking and is generally used for decorating a finished project and for gathering fabric. Stepped Running Stitch 40

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Whipped Running Stitch CLASS ACTIVITY GRADE 8 TERM 1 NAME_____________________________________ Worksheet: Basic stitches 1. Name any FIVE hand sewing stitches. 1.1 ___________________________________________ 1.2 ___________________________________________ 1.3 ___________________________________________ 1.4 ___________________________________________ 1.5 ___________________________________________ (5) 2. Name a hand sewing stitch used to sew gathers. __________________ (1) 3. List THREE types of tacking stitch. _______________ (3) 4. Which stitch can you use for hemming ___________________________(1) TOTAL [10] CLASS ACTIVITY Marking guidelines GRADE 8 TERM 1 Worksheet: Basic stitches 41

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1. List THREE basic hand sewing stitches. Tacking stitch, back stitch, slip stitch, running stitch, hemming stitch Any 3 (3) 2. Name TWO embroidery stitches Herring bone stitch, Chain stitch, Blanket stitch Any 2 (2) 3. Name a hand sewing stitch used to sew gathers. Running stitch (1) 4. List THREE types of tacking stitch. Even tacking, Uneven tacking, Long and short tacking (3) 5. Name a stitch used for hemming Slip stitch/hemming stitch (1) TOTAL [10] Skills Test 1 CONSUMER STUDIES OPTION: Clothing / Soft furnishing / Patchwork Production Basic hand stitches 20 Name: Grade 8 & 2 TASK: Read the instructions and complete the practical task below. INSTRUCTION PASTE SWATCH HERE 1. On a fabric swatch, demonstrate: Running stitches (5) 42

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 2. On a fabric swatch, demonstrate: Backstitches / Stem stitch (5) 3. On a fabric swatch, demonstrate: Blanket stitch (5) 4. On a fabric swatch, demonstrate: Slip stitches (5) 20 43

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Grade 8 Term 2 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 The Sewing Machine The “sewing Licence” Commercial pattern Skills Test 2 44

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing The Sewing Machine Uses of the parts of a sewing machine 1. Spool pin hold sewing thread from the top 2. Bobbin holds the lower sewing thread from the under side 3. Bobbin case houses the bobbin 4. Thread guides hold the upper thread from the spool to through to the needle 5. Take up lever pulls the thread from the spool and holds it tight 6. Presser foot holds the fabric in position during sewing 7. Presser foot lever lifts and lowers the presser foot 8. Bobbin winder fills the thread onto the bobbin 9. Hand wheel controls the machinery of the machine 10. Stitch length regulator controls the size of the stitches 11. Hand wheel screw controls which parts of the machine can be moved 45

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 3. Threading the Sewing machine: All sewing machines are threaded in a similar way. You can follow the instructions in the manual or use the diagram as a guide. The correct threading is important to ensure that the stitches will be perfect. 4. Winding of the bobbin: Follow the instructions in the manual to ensure that the bobbin is winded correctly. Wind the bobbin evenly to ensure even stitching. Wrong Correct The bobbin is placed in the bobbin holder in a specific way. Follow the instructions in the manual and place the bobbin holder in the machine. Make that you sure anchor it securely. 5. How to pull the lower thread up: 46

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Before you can start sewing, you need to pull up the lower thread. - Hold the top thread in you left hand - Turn the balance wheel towards you with your right hand – the needle must pass into the hole and out again to bring the lower thread up - Pull both threads towards the back of the sewing machine PARTS OF A SEWING MACHINE Function/Use A bobbin For winding the bottom thread Bobbin case Holds the bobbin Spool pin Holds the thread for the top thread Thread guides Guides the thread from the spool pin 47

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing The thread take up lever Moves upwards and downwards to tighten the thread when the stitch has been completed A presser foot Holds the fabric firmly in position during stitching Feed dogs Moves the fabric backwards after each stitch is made The presser foot lever Raises and lowers the presser foot 48

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing The feed plate Provides a smooth surface for sewing and is often marked with stitching guidelines Bobbin winder Automated bobbin winder Is used to wind thread around the bobbin automatically Bobbin winder on a sewing machine Stitch length regulator, sets the length of the stitches 49

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing The hand wheel controls the up and down motion of the needle and needle bar Hand wheel screw is used to start or stop (tightening or stop (loosening) the stitching mechanise when winding the bobbin Tension dial Adjusting the tension on a sewing machine to control how tight the thread is CLASS ACTIVITY GRADE 8 TERM 2 NAME:_________________________________ Worksheet: Parts of the sewing machine and its uses 1. Give the relationship between a bobbin and a bobbin case 1.1 ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 50

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing (2) 2. Identify TWO sewing tools for each of the three categories of basic sewing equipment and tools displayed on the teacher’s table and fill in the columns following the instructions below. 2.1 In Column A name the machine part below the machine part 2.2 In Column B write down what it is used for (10) 2.1 COLUMN A 2.2 COLUMN B Name of part Use 1 2 3 51

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 4 5 (10) 3. From the list of parts of sewing machines, identify the correct name for the part for the THREE pictures given below. Spool pin, take up lever, thread guides, bobbin winder, feed plate (3) 3.1 3.2 3.3 TOTAL [15] 52

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Marking guidelines Worksheet: Parts of the sewing machine and its uses 4 Give the relationship between a bobbin and a bobbin case 1.1 A bobbin is placed inside a bobbin case to provide the thread from the Bottom and control the tension Any 2 (2) 5 Identify TWO sewing tools for each of the three categories of basic sewing equipment and tools displayed on the teacher’s table and fill in the columns following the instructions below. 5.1 In Column A name the machine part below the machine part 5.2 In Column B write down what it is used for (10) 2.1 COLUMN A 2.2 COLUMN B Name of part Use 1 Sets the length of the stitches Stitch length regulator 2 Used to start or stop the stitching mechanism when winding the bobbin Hand wheel screw 53

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 3 Controls the up and down motion of the needle and needle bar Hand wheel 4 Feeds the fabric backwards after each stitch is made Feed dog 5 Moves upwards to tighten the thread when the stitch has been completed Take up lever (10) 6 From the list of parts of sewing machines, identify the correct name for the part for the THREE pictures given below. Spool pin, take up lever, thread guides, bobbin winder, feed plate 3.1 Feed plate 3.2 Spool pin 3.3 Bobbin winder 54

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing TOTAL [15] CLASS ACTIVITY 2 SEWING LICENCE PRACTISE • 1. Straight line (2) • 2. Zig zag (2) • 3. Diagonal line (2) • 4. Circle (2) • 5. Corners (2) • TOTAL MARKS 10 Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 4 Term 2 The Sewing Machine: parts, functions, thread, winding bobbin Grade 8 Name: ________________________________________ DATE ASSESSMENT MARK NOTES Threading the sewing machine:  Place thread on spool pin  Thread 1st thread guide  Straight down  Around bottom hook  Straight up  Hook around top thread guide 55

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing  No crossed thread  Straight down  Through bottom thread guide  Thread the needle 10 Winding of the bobbin:  Bobbin on bobbin winder  Thread from spool crosses around top guide  Loosen balance wheel  Wind bobbin  Fasten balance wheel  Place in bobbin case 6 Bringing the lower thread up:  Hold the top thread in left hand  Turn balance wheel towards you – needle in and out  Take bottom thread out  Pull both threads to the back – ready to sew 4 TOTAL 20 Total = 20 Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 4 The Sewing Machine: parts, functions, thread, winding bobbin Term 2 56

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Marking guidelines Grade 8 Name: ________________________________________ DATE ASSESSMENT MARK NOTES Threading the sewing machine:  Place thread on spool pin  Thread 1st thread guide  Straight down  Around bottom hook  Straight up  Hook around top thread guide  No crossed thread  Straight down  Through bottom thread guide  Thread the needle 10 Winding of the bobbin:  Bobbin on bobbin winder  Thread from spool crosses around top guide  Loosen balance wheel  Wind bobbin  Fasten balance wheel  Place in bobbin case 6 Bringing the lower thread up:  Hold the top thread in left hand  Turn balance wheel towards you – needle in and out  Take bottom thread out  Pull both threads to the back – ready to sew 4 57

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing TOTAL 20 Total = 20 1. Practise using the sewing machine: Use paper, gingham or unbleached cotton and draw the lines on it as shown below. - Sew straight lines by using the inside edge of the presser foot. - Corners – stop with needle in the corner, lift the pressure foot and turn, put the pressure foot down and continue. - Curved lines - follow the curved lines 2. Practise on a fabric swatch: - start and finish - reverse stitching - straight sewing - sew straight lines by holding the side of the pressure foot on the side of the fabric and then on the previous sewing lines - practise straight lines until it becomes easy to sew 58

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing CLASS ACTIVITY 2 SEWING LICENCE PRACTISE • 1. Straight line (2) • 2. Zig zag (2) • 3. Diagonal line (2) • 4. Circle (2) • 5. Corners (2) • TOTAL MARKS 10 59

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 5 The “sewing licence” Term 2 Name: ________________________________________ Grade 8 1. Use double fabric swatch – 15cm x 15cm – sew straight lines. DATE ASSESSMENT MARK NOTES Straight sewing – on 15cm x 15cm double fabric swatch  Fabric under pressure foot  Hold side of fabric on 15mm mark  Put pressure foot down  Hold both threads  Turn balance wheel towards you  Needle inside fabric  Start and sew 3 stitches  Reverse 3 stitches  Start sewing  Sew straight line on 15mm mark  Stop at end of fabric – not off fabric  Reverse 3 stitches  Stop – turn balance wheel until needle is in top position  Lift pressure foot _____  Pull threads towards back and snip 15 Sew straight lines: _____  Using the 1st sewing line as a guide – sew five more straight lines as above 5 TOTAL 20 Term: 2 Pattern envelope, instruction sheet, pattern Practical lesson markings and laying out of pattern on fabric Commercial patterns Every person who wants to make his/her own clothes/soft furnishing/patchwork can easily do so by using a commercial pattern. You can choose a pattern from a 60

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing pattern catalogue which is available at needlework shops. Each catalogue is divided into different categories to make it easy to locate the pattern you will need. To be able to use a pattern, it is important to know and understand the information available on the pattern envelope, instruction sheet and pattern pieces. 1. The pattern envelope: 1.1 The information which can be found on the front of the pattern envelope:  The name of the pattern  The number of the pattern  The size of the pattern  Colour drawings or photographs of different views. 1.2 The information which can be found on the back of the pattern envelope:  Required amount of fabric, according to different widths.  Recommended fabric for the pattern.  Required notions, for example buttons, zip, interfacing, etc.  Sketches of the back views.  Body measurement chart. (when applicable) 2. The instruction sheet: The information which can be found on the instruction sheet:  Sketches of the different pattern views.  Sketches of pattern pieces.  List of all numbered pattern pieces.  How to lay out the pattern pieces on the fabric.  Step-by-step instructions for completing the garment.  General sewing notes on how to use the pattern. 3. The tissue-paper pattern pieces: These basic pattern markings can be found on each pattern piece: _____________ 61

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Place on Place the pattern fold: piece on the folded edge of the fabric Grainline: Align the pattern’s grain line with the fabric’s lengthwise grain Notches: Small marks made on the pattern to ensure that pattern pieces can match. Cutting The outer edge of _____________________ line: the pattern where you will cut Seam The space between _______________ 15mm allowance: the side of the fabric _________ _ and the sewing line = 15mm Stitching The line on which to ____________ line: sew – 15mm from the edge of the fabric 4. The laying out of the pattern on the fabric:  Fold the fabric double with the selvages together.  Remember that right sides must be together.  Place the fabric flat on a big table. 62

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing  Choose the pattern pieces according to the information on the instruction sheet of the pattern.  Lay the pattern pieces out according to the lay out diagram.  First place the largest parts and then the smaller parts of the pattern.  Make sure that the grain line on the pattern corresponds with the lengthwise grain of the fabric.  Pin the pattern onto the fabric with pins. 5. Cutting out the pattern pieces on the fabric:  Keep the fabric flat on the cutting surface.  Use a sharp pair of dressmaker’s scissors.  Cut with long, even strokes along the cutting line of the pattern.  Never lift the fabric from the table.  Move around the table whilst cutting.  Transfer the necessary pattern markings on the fabric. 6. Transferring pattern markings onto the fabric pieces: The pattern markings that you need to transfer onto the fabric will show you where sections are joined (notches) and details like darts, pleats, zip placement, etc. 63

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Select the marking method most suited for the fabric:  Marking pen or pencil  Pins and tailor’s chalk  Tracing wheel and carbon paper CLASS ACTIVITY GRADE 8 TERM 2 Pattern 1. Name the pattern markings indicated on the dolls dress pattern pieces A 4 3 B C 2 D 1 E (5) 2. Identify what numbers 3 and 4 diagrams on the pattern indicate (2) 3. Give the name of the space between the broken line in the pattern and the continuous line around the pattern pieces (1) 4. Explain why TWO pieces will be cut from pattern piece 2 (2) (10) CLASS ACTIVITY GRADE 8 TERM 2 Pattern 1. A Notches/matching edges B Stitching line C Cutting line D Place on fold arrow (4) 2. Number 3 Front view Number 4 Back view (2) 64

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 3. Seam allowance (1) 4. The fabric is double and will be cut right round it to produce two pieces that look alike (2) (10) Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 6 The Commercial pattern Term 2 Grade 8 Name: ________________________________________ 1.Choose the correct answer from Column B that goes with words in Column A. Write the correct number in the answer block. Answer Column A Column B Lengthwise grain A. Number of the pattern Instruction sheet B. Back of pattern Front of the pattern C. Grain line Back of pattern D. Sketches of pattern pieces Amount of fabric E. Place on fold F. Notches G. Sketches of back views (5) 2. Describe the meaning of the following pattern markings: 2.1 Notches: ___________________________________________________ 2.2 Cutting line: ________________________________________________ 2.3 Grainline: __________________________________________________ 65

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 2.4 Place on fold: _______________________________________________ 2.5 Seam allowance: ____________________________________________ (5) 3. Lay out the pattern pieces in the correct way. 3.1 Cut out the pattern pieces from the pattern sheet (2) 3.2 Lay out the pattern pieces on the fabric:  Grainline (4)  Place on fold (3) 3.3 Paste the pattern pieces on the fabric. (1) (10) Total= 20 66

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Term: 2 CONSUMER STUDIES Grade 8 –Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Seams: Open single seam Closed single seam A seam is formed when two pieces of fabric are stitched together. The space between the side of the fabric and the sewing line, is the seam allowance. Most machine have a 15mm / 5/8 inch guideline etched onto the throat-plate. The seam allowance can be finished off with zigzag stitch, overlocking or a narrow edge stitching. There are different types of seams, namely the open single seam, the closed single seam and the enclosed single seam. 1. The Open single seam  Pin two pieces of fabric, right sides together - raw edges and pattern markings matching. You can tack the pieces together before stitching on the machine.  Stich on the stitching line, 15mm from the side. Use the guideline on the throat-plate of the machine.  Press the seam allowances open.  Each side of the seam allowance is finished off separately.  You can use any of the following methods to end off the seam allowance. Examples of how the seam allowances can be finished off: Zigzag stitches Pinking shears Overlocking Edge stitching 67

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 2. The Closed single seam  Pin two pieces of fabric, right sides together - raw edges and pattern markings matching. You can tack the pieces together before stitching on the machine.  Stich on the stitching line, 15mm from the side. Use the guideline on the throat-plate of the machine.  Finish off the seam allowances together.  Press the seam allowances to one side. CLASS ACTIVITY GRADE 8 TERM 2 Follow the instructions and work the seam on your own WORKING AN OPEN SEAM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBz4HFt-VFw WORKING A CLOSED SINGLE SEAM https://youtu.be/YrXto0ExPoI Closed single seam Pin RS facing Stitch - 15 mm wide 5 Stitching – straight 5 5 Press to one side 5 Zig zag ______ 20 68

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Open single seam Pin – RS facing stitch - 15 mm wide 5 Stitching - straight 5 5 Press open 5 Zig zag _____ 20 69

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Skills Test 2 CONSUMER STUDIES: OPTION: Clothing / Soft furnishing / Patchwork Grade 8 Skills Test 2 - Term 2 Seams - 20 Name: Grade 8 TASK: Seams on article: Make an open/plain seam Make a closed single seam Assessment criteria 0 Unacceptable, does not meet the criteria 1 – Poor, meet some criteria 2 – Average, meets most criteria 3 – Good, meets all the requirements 4 – Excellent, exceeds all requirements DATE EVALUATION MARK REMARKS Open single seam Pin – RS facing stitch - 15 mm wide 5 Stitching - straight 5 5 Press open 5 Zig zag / Overlock _____ 20 Closed single seam Pin – RS facing stitch - 15 mm wide 5 Stitching – straight 5 5 Press to one side 5 Zig zag / Overlock ______ 20 40 ÷2 =20 70

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Grade 8 Term 3 Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Enclosed single seam Hems Labelling and Packaging Skills Test 3 71

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer studies: Clothing or Soft Furnishing Grade 8 - Practical lessons - Term 3 Term: 3 Seams: The Enclosed single seam Practical lesson Seams 1. Open single seam - recap 2. Closed single seam – recap 3. The enclosed single seam:  Pin two pieces of fabric, right sides together - raw edges and pattern markings matching. You can tack the pieces together before stitching on the machine.  Stich on the stitching line, 15mm from the side. Use the guideline on the throat-plate of the machine.  The seam allowances are graded, snipped and clipped to ensure that it will lie flat when it is folded between the two layers of fabric.  The seam allowances are not over locked.  This seam is not visible, it is folded between two layers of fabric. For example, the seam inside a facing, waistband, pocket or collar. 4. The shaped facing A shaped facing can also be used by the waist line of a skirt or pants.  The shaped facing prevents the seam from fraying and add to the neatness of the garment.  The shaped facing is only visible on the wrong side of the garment.  The facings has the same shape and size as the waistline of the garment.  Facings are made from the same fabric as the garment.  Inter facing are ironed onto the facing to make it stiff.  The shaped facing are sewn onto the garment with an enclosed single seam 72

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Grading of seam allowances to reduce bulk when turning right sides out Snip corners to reduce bulk when turning right sides out Snip and clip rounded seams to reduce bulk when turning right sides out 73

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing CLASS ACTIVITY RECAP GRADE 8 TERM 3 Follow the instructions and work the seam on your own WORKING AN OPEN SEAM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBz4HFt-VFw WORKING A CLOSED SINGLE SEAM https://youtu.be/YrXto0ExPoI Closed single seam Pin – RS facing stitch - 15 mm wide 5 Stitching – straight 5 5 Press to one side 5 Zig zag ______ 20 Open single seam Pin – RS facing stitch - 15 mm wide 5 Stitching - straight 5 5 Press open 5 Zig zag _____ 20 74

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 7 Seams: Enclosed single seam on a Term 3 sampler Name: Grade 8 TASK: Complete the worksheet and sampler 20 Use two 15cm x 15cm swatches of fabric to make a sampler of an enclosed single seam with a corner. Pin right sides together. Sew two sides to form a corner. Grade and clip the seam allowances. (20) Assessment criteria 0 - Unacceptable, does not meet the criteria 1 - Poor, meet some criteria 2 - Average, meets most criteria 3 Good, meets all the requirements 4- Excellent, exceeds all requirements EVALUATION MARK REMARKS Enclosed single seam on swatch Pin – RS together 5 Stitch - 15 mm wide around two sides to 5 form a corner 5 Grade seam allowance Snip corner of seam allowance 5 _____ 20 Total = 20 Consumer Studies Grade Option: Clothing / Soft furnishing 8 Term 3 Hems Practical lesson Hems 75

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing A hem is a finishing that is used on the bottom edge of an article. It can be the hem of clothing, curtains, table cloths, the edge of a ruffle, etc. 1.1 The width of the hem: The width of the hem will be determined by the type of article. 1.1.1 Wide hems are used on: - narrow and tight fitting garments, for example pencil skirt and tight fitting dresses - curtains 1.1.2 Narrow hems are used on: - wide garments, for example a wide dress or skirt - bed and table linen - blouses - lingerie (underwear) 1.2 Methods to sew in hems: 1.2.1 Hand sewn hems: - Blind-hemstitch is used to hold the hem securely in place. It should be almost invisible on the right side of the garment. Used on thick fabric and smart clothes, e.g. coats, jackets and pencil skirts. - Hemstitches are small, strong stitch sewn on the wrong side of the garment, and shows on the right side of the garment. 76

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1.2.2 Machine sewn hems: - Narrow hems are sewn in with the sewing machine, for example hems in blouses, shirts, underwear, pajamas and aprons. 77

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing CLASS ACTIVITY HEMS GRADE 8 TERM 3 1. Give the type of hems illustrated in diagram A and diagram B A B (2) 2. Explain the function of hems (2) 3. Match the method of holding down each of the hems below. Pick the method from the methods given. Machine sewn hem, Close hem stitches, Blind hem stitch, Herring bone held hem, False hem, 3.1 3.2 78

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 3.3 3.4 3.5 (5) Total (9) CLASS ACTIVITY HEMS GRADE 8 TERM 3 Marking guidelines 1. A narrow hem B wide hem (2) 2. A hem is a finishing that is used on the bottom edge of an article (2) 3.1 close hem stitch 3.2 slip/blind hem stitch 3.3 Herringbone held hem 3.4 Machine stitched hem 3.5 Blind-machine stitched hem (5) Total (9) 79

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 8 Term 3 Hems Name: Grade 8 TASK: Make a sampler of a hem. - Use a 15cm x 15cm fabric swatch. - On the one end, fold over 1cm and tack. - Sew an edge stitching. - Fold a hem of 3 cm wide. Pin and tack in place. - Sew hem with blind hemstitch. Assessment criteria 0 - Unacceptable, does not meet the criteria 1 - Poor, meet some criteria 2 - Average, meets most criteria 3 - Good, meets all the requirements 4 - Excellent, exceeds all requirements EVALUATION MARK REMARKS Wide hem sewn with blind hemstitch: To start: Fold edge over – 1cm wide - Pin and tack - sew an edge stitching. Fold hem – 3cm wide tack in place 5 Start and end blind hemstitch 5 Sew blind hemstitch 5 Neatness of stitches on RS 5 _____ 20 Total = 20 80

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 9 Term 3 Packaging and Labelling Grade 8 Term: 3 Packaging and Labelling Practical lesson: 9 9. Packaging and Labelling 9.1 Packaging Packaging protects the product and is designed to attract the attention of the consumer. It is designed to be easily displayed, handled and opened. The packaging of some clothing products can be resealed after opening. Different types of packaging can be used to persuade customers to buy a product. 9.1.1 Reasons for packaging:  Improve Appearance & Hygiene because attractive products attract attention and will be chosen over another.  Protect from damage e.g. Airtight package that prevent product from getting dirty.  Improve handling and is therefore easier to transport and store  Help to advertise the product because it helps: create market, cultivate loyalty and ensure quality.  Contains a label that provides information on care and use. 9.1.2 Important factors to consider when choosing packaging:  Be minimal - just enough to cover the product.  Must be safe and hygienic.  Be attractive and economical, preferably transparent. 81

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing  Suitable for product type & target market.  Strong enough to protect product.  Be user-friendly and provide information.  Label must be clearly legible.  Eco-friendly, preferably biodegradable / reusable / recyclable  Don't mislead consumers (in terms of size, etc.) 9.2 Labelling Two main functions of labels 9.2.1 To provide information to users 9.2.2 To advertise product 9.2.1 To provide information to users: It is very important for us to know how to take care of our clothes / soft furnishing articles properly. There are labels inside garments/ soft furnishing articles with instructions on how to care for the item. What information is displayed on labels?  The name of the manufacture  The fibre contents  The size  The care symbols Care symbols: These are important symbols that tell you how to care for your textile items. It is important to follow the care instructions to prevent garments / articles from being damage by the wrong treatment. The following labelling codes are used throughout the world: 82

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing WASH BLEACH IRONING DRYING DRY- CLEANING Examples of care instructions: WASH Hand wash only Wash in lukewarm water (40 ̊C). For Wash in warm water (60 ̊C). For example, wool and synthetic fibres. example, coloured cotton material Wash in very hot water (95 ̊C). for example, white cotton material. Do not wash BLEACHING You can use Jik to bleach this garment Do not bleach with Jik IRONING 83

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Iron with cool iron, for example Iron with a warm iron, for example acrylics, nylon and polyester polyester blends and wool blends Iron with a very hot iron for example, cotton and linen. Do not iron DRYING Hang on line Drip-dry Dry on flat surface Tumble-dry Do not tumble-dry DRY-CLEANING Clothes can be dry-clean Do not dry-clean 9.2.2 To advertise the product: Important factors for labels and advertisements used as Marketing tools:  Place/ contact details must be given/ indicated.  It must be creative and eye catching.  The layout simple and the message must be clear and understandable, it must not be to “busy” or require too much reading. 84

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing  The product clearly stated or shown by a suitable illustration.  Price must be included.  Trade name must be given.  There MAY NOT BE ANY spelling errors. Examples of labels: 85

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing CLASS ACTIVITY GRADE 8 TERM Clothing labels, care symbols and packaging 1. Study the label and analyse it for meeting labelling criteria. Give FOUR points that you agree with  The name of the manufacture  The fibre contents  The size  The care symbols  The product name Any 4 (4) 86

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 2. TASK: Design a label for the garment or article Assessment criteria 0 - Unacceptable, does not meet the criteria 1 - Poor, meet some criteria 2 - Average, meets most criteria 3- Good, meets all the requirements 4 - Excellent, exceeds all requirements EVALUATION MARK REMARKS Design a label Name of manufacturer 2 Logo / photo of the manufacturer 2 Size 2 Care symbols 2 Creativeness 2 _____ 10 Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 9 Term 3 Clothing labels, care symbols and packaging FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Practical lesson 9 – Reading a label Term 3 TOTAL 20 Name: Grade 8 1. Study the following label and answer the questions that follow 87

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing A B 1 2 C D 88

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1.1 Give the fibre content of Label A (2) 1.2 Draw the care label to show ‘No bleach’ on Label A (1) 1.3a) State what the following care symbols mean (2) a) b) 1.4 Give the oldest and youngest age range size as indicated on the Label B (2) 1.5 Would the fabric used to make articles in Label B be suitable to use as an ironing cloth? Motivate your answer. (3) 1.6 Draw the suitable symbols identified by the arrows 1 and 2 in Label C (2) 1.7 Explain what ‘dry inside out’ means on Label C (1) 1.8 Mention what the names ‘Levis’ and ‘Supreme’ stand for on Label D (2) 1.9 Study Label D carefully. Using the information on the labels, predict the type of article ‘Supreme’ is. Explain the method you used to reach a conclusion. (3) Describe TWO functions for having such labels on garments (2) 89

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Consumer Studies Clothing or Soft Furnishing Option Practical lesson 9 Term 3 Clothing labels, care symbols and packaging FORMAL ASSESSMENT Consumer Studies Practical lesson 9 – Reading a label Term 3 TOTAL 25 Name: Grade 8 1. Study the following label and answer the questions that follow Reading a label MARKING GUIDELINE 1.1 Give the fibre content of Label A (2) 50% cotton 50% polyester 1.2 Draw the care label to show ‘No bleach’ on Label A (1) 1.3a) State what the following care symbols mean (2) a) Tumble dry b) drip dry 1.4 Give the oldest and youngest age range size as indicated on the Label B (2) 18-24 months and 7 to 8 years 1.5 Would the fabric used to make articles in Label B be suitable to use as an ironing cloth? Motivate your answer. (3) No/It would not be suitable The fabric would not be suitable because heat is produced by the iron and the care label states that ‘keep away from fire’/ The fabric has to be ironed with a low temperature, the care label shows one dot on the iron symbol. 1.6 Draw the suitable symbols identified by the arrows 1 and 2 in Label C (2) 90

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1. 2. OR 1.7 Explain what ‘dry inside out’ means on Label C (1) Turn the article/clothing inside out 1.8 Mention what the names ‘Levis’ and ‘Supreme’ stand for on Label D (2) Brand name/s, the name by which the article of clothing is known 1.9 Study Label D carefully. Using the information on the labels, predict the type of article ‘Supreme’ is. Explain the method you used to reach a conclusion. (3) It is written that it is an article made in China but also gives the name New York City to seem like it is from America/New York City. It is confusing people/it is Fong Kong/counterfeit (Any 3) Describe TWO functions for having such labels on garments (2) For identifying the company that manufactured the article They give the size of the clothing item The type of material the article is made of They communicate how to care for the article ( Any 2) Total (20) 91

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Skills Test 3 Name: Grade 8 TASK Seams on article: Make an enclosed single 20 seam Complete the waistband Assessment criteria 0 - Unacceptable, does not meet the criteria 1 - Poor, meet some criteria 2 - Average, meets most criteria 3 - Good, meets all the requirements 4 - Excellent, exceeds all requirements DATE EVALUATION MARK REMARKS Enclosed single seam – waistband Pin – RS facing stitch - 15 mm wide 5 Stitching - straight 5 Grade seam allowance 5 5 Snip/clip seam allowance _____ 20 Complete waistband / band Fold 15mm in on raw side 5 Tack the folded edge 5 Top Stitching on band – straight 5 5 Press ______ 20 40 ÷2 =20 Skills Test = 20 92

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Name: Grade 8 Term 4 TASK PROJECT BASED POP UP STALL 20 marks LEARNING PROJECT BASED LEARNING Plan a “Pop up Stall” People was so impressed with the product you made for the skills test in term 3, that you decided to make more of the same item and to sell it. Plan a “Pop up Stall” for a Market Day at your school where your class will be selling handmade items like; Children’s clothing, clothes to fit in simple styles, aprons etc for Clothing Option or bags, poaches, oven gloves, placemats, table runners, pillow cases etc for Soft Furnishing Option Ensure that people become aware of the product you need to market it to the local community on social media. Use the following steps to help you with your marketing strategy: 1. List THREE resources you need, apart from the product you will be selling. (3) 2. Describe what you would do to ensure that people prefer your stall. (2) 3. Explain the importance of greeting and serving customers. (2) 4. Choose a creative, suitable trade name for your potential business. (2) 5. Invent a logo/slogan that is suitable for your business and that would attract potential new customers (2) 6. Design yourself a creative, attractive label that will fit the image of your product and will draw the attention of your target market. Make a real label that you attach to the item, in other words the label needs to be the correct size and must include the needed detail to serve as a marketing tool for your product. For example, you need to include your trade name, logo, address/contact details, and the price. (4) 7. Develop a full-A4 page, colourful advertisement suitable for social media (5) PROJECT BASE LEARNING MARKING GUIDELINE 1. List 3 resources you need, apart from the product you will be selling. Any THREE:  Money (change)  Table (fold-up)  Table cloth 93

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing  Chairs  Decorations  Gazebo (3) 2. Describe what you would do to ensure that people prefer your stall. Learners can give any example that shows creativity / ingenuity. For example:  Free tasting samples  Diverse payment options (card facilities)  Competition / Give-aways  Entertainment  Service with a smile Any 2 (2) 3. Explain the importance of greeting and serving customers.  Be polite and friendly (smile)  Be respectful  Make eye contact  Acknowledge the customer immediately Body language Any three: (2) 4. Suitable trade name for business, relevant to product and target market and creative (2) 5. Suitable logo / slogan that will capture customers’ interest is suitable for the product and that is creative, short and sweet (2) 6. Label for product: - Design creative, attractive and draws attention - Loose label with correct size (as per instruction)  - All named information appear on label: trade name, logo / slogan Price address / contact details any suitable answer (any 4) (4) 7. Advertisement criteria: - Different colours used / colourful (1) - Suitable for social media (1) - Adhered to the following criteria * Place/ contact details given/ indicated  * Creative and eye catching * Layout simple, message clear and understandable * Product clearly stated * Suitable illustration * Price included * Trade name given * NO spelling errors in advertisement  Any 3 (3) (5) 94

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Examples of Articles that can be made by using the basic needlework equipment and a sewing machine. The practical lessons are the minimum practical lessons required for assessment. After completion of these lessons more lessons can be done for drilling of techniques or as incentives. The practical skills that were developed in the practical lessons are applied to practical items for selling. Soft Furnishing: Examples such as: bags, poaches, oven gloves, placemats, table runners, pillow cases etc. can be selected. Clothing: Examples such as children’s clothing, clothes to fit in simple styles, aprons that cater for a variety of skills they need to learn can be selected Choose articles that shows progression from Grade 8 to Year 4. New techniques are introduced namely disposal of fullness, fasteners and a shaped facing. Look for articles that go with the current fashion trends. It will make learners excited to learn new skills. The focus is on machine stitching and entrepreneurship. Make use of Pinterest to find interesting ideas. The procedure followed for the application is illustrated in the examples below: A small article can be made to get the learners confidence. Use your own imagination and the help of Pinterest to find an article that can be marketable, e.g. toiletry bag, earphone poach, glasses case, cell phone poach, etc. Start with the garment / soft furnishing article In Year 3 it is possible to combine the different modules when choosing articles to make. Learners can make a bag or a pillow which includes patchwork/embroidery and then a garment to include all the prescribed techniques. By making a variety of articles, the learners won’t get bored. It will also provide them with more ideas to use once they explore their entrepreneurial skills. 95

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing If you would like to include patchwork in the bag, make use of tutorials to broaden your scope of methods to use. It is a very good way for learners to hone their sewing skills. There are many different ways to use straight strips or squares as the starting point. Very interesting patterns can be formed. EXAMPLES OF SOFT FURNISHING ITEMS a simple cushion cover Power point presentation on making a cushion Sunglass pouch Oven gloves Pot holders/Place mats Pencil case Bags 96

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing This size of the bag should fit most sunglasses. If yours are larger than normal, wrap a piece of fabric around them and see how much width you need. If it's more than 15.5cm you'll need to increase the size of the pouch. DIY Easy Drawstring Sunglasses Case SUPPLIES REQUIRED: 1 pieces fabric 17.cm x 20cm 1 piece ribbon or bias tape, cut 36cm long Needle and thread pins Safety Pin INSTRUCTIONS: Step 1: Finish fabric edges. Fold fabric lengthwise, right sides together. (Folded size is 9cm x 24cm) Using disappearing ink pen mark points 3.3 cm and 4 from top on side with raw edges. The section between the markings will be the opening for the drawstring 97

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Step 2: Starting at top edge, stitch to marking, backstitch and cut thread. Start stitching again at next marking 4.5cm from top. Pivot at bottom corner, stitch to folded edge, backstitch and cut threads. Step 3: Press seams open. Make the top casing. Fold top edge down 3 cm and press. Fold edge in .11cm and press. Pin if needed. Slip stitch casing in place, stitching close to folded edge about 2.2cm from top. Step 4: Attach one end of ribbon to safety pin. Thread through casing. Knot ends if desired. 98

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing Activity for book cover https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5Ub6KvDe-0 Basic book cover 99

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing EXAMPLES OF CLOTHING ITEMS Boys bow tie/Girls ribbon Hair scrungy Activity 1 pieces.pdf Pattern and instructions for the test INSTRUCTIONS (increase the pattern proportionally as desired) 100

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Consumer studies: Clothing Production / soft furnishing 1. Cut out pattern pieces for the dress 2. Lay out the pattern pieces correctly on the fabric following the pattern markings for laying out 3. Pin and cut out the patterns on the fabric 4. Transfer pattern markings required for sewing the dress 5. Layout the front and back facing as shown on interfacing as well 6. Infuse the interfacing 7. Join the shoulder seams and side seams of the garment pieces matching edges. Make open seams. Press. Finish of the edges 8. Join the facings at the shoulder and under arm with open seams. Trim the seam allowance. Edge stitch the free edge 9. Match the right side of shoulder seams and under arm seams of the facings to the right side of the garment shoulder and under arm seams 10. Make an enclosed seam around the armholes and neckline 11. Press open the seams grade and snip and notch curved edges. Turn facing to the wrong side. Press 12. Hold down the facing at the under arm seam to secure in place 13. Fold the edge of the garment then turn in hem. Hold down with slip stitch 14. Fast learners can attach a pocket or 2 to their garment 15. Press garment Submit the article for final marking Kung Fu sleeveless top https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instructables.com%2F Kung-Fu-T-Shirt 101