Agricultural Management Practices Grade 12 2014 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FEBRUARY/MARCH 2014 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 200 This memorandum consists of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 2 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 D  1.1.2 C  1.1.3 B  1.1.4 A  1.1.5 B  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 B  1.1.9 C  1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 J  1.2.2 D  1.2.3 A  1.2.4 F  1.2.5 L  1.2.6 I  1.2.7 C  1.2.8 K  1.2.9 E  1.2.10 H  (10 x 2) (20) 1.3 1.3.1 Soil drainage  1.3.2 Wind  1.3.3 Planning  1.3.4 Labour  1.3.5 Controlled  1.3.6 Decision making 1.3.7 Deposit slip 1.3.8 Auction  1.3.9 Sugaring  1.3.10 Ingredients  (10 x 1) (10) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 3 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL AND CROP PRODUCTION 2.1 2.1.1 Four basic data items required • Soil characteristics • Topographic data • Climatic information • Present farm practices • Future ideas for the farm • The history of the farm  (Any 4) (4) 2.1.2 Soil data to collect • Soil series • Soil type • Soil texture  • Soil structure  • Degree of erosion • Length and degree of slope • Present soil boundaries  (4) 2.1.3 Four soil functions in the production process • Soil stores and releases water for use by plants through capillary water • Soil allows air movement for respiration of plant roots and micro-organisms • Soil releases plant nutrients for absorption by plant roots • Soil serves as a growth medium for plants • Soil serves as a source of raw material (Any 4) (4) 2.1.4 Soil water • Bonded water  • Capillary water  • Hygroscopic water  • Gravitational water/seepage water  (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 4 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum 2.2 2.2.1 Three factors that influence capital needed • Land prices  • Nature of farming activities operated  • Capacity of the business  • Production method  • Capacity of undertaking  • Prices of equipment • Prices of production elements  (Any 3) (3) 2.2.2 Factors determining loan payments • Income • Fixed responsibilities • Interest rate • Loan period (Any 2) (2) 2.3 2.3.1 Two problems from case study • Insufficient labourers during peak periods.  • Workers not busy/not productive during certain times of the year.  (2) 2.3.2 Peak periods • Lambing periods.  • Harvesting periods.  • Weeding periods.  (3) 2.3.2 Three possible solutions • Staff must work overtime during peak periods.  • Extra workers must be hired during peak periods.  • Farmers can invest in machinery.  (3) 2.4 2.4.1 Five generic functions of farm manager • Planning  • Organising  • Coordination • Implementing  • Leading  • Control/evaluation  • Decision making  • Communication  (Any 5) (5) 2.4.2 Steps in decision making • Step 1: Describe/identify the problem/objective • Step 2: Identify all possible solutions • Step 3: Evaluate all the possible solutions according to their advantages and disadvantages.  • Step 4: Choose the best solution (4) 2.4.3 Accumulative nature of decision making • A decision one makes will influence the next result (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 5 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum 2.5 2.5.1 Type of farming system of farmer A • Extensive farming (1) 2.5.2 Type of farming system of farmer B • Intensive farming (1) 2.5.3 Motivation of QUESTION 2.5.2 • High capital investment  • High output on small piece of land  • High number of animals on small area  • Feeding of animals with a mixed feed  (4) 2.5.4 Farming method • Feedlot  (1) 2.6 Visible aspects to evaluate • Plant/vegetation coverage  • Soil erosion  • Alien plant invasion  • Bush/weed invasion  (4) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 6 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION 3: RECORDING, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 3.1 3.1.1 THREE prerequisites of a good farm record • Recording must be accurate/authentic  • Information (data) must be easy to retrieve  • It must be clear/user friendly  • It must be up to date (Any 3) (3) 3.1.2 THREE steps to develop inventory • Step1: Make a physical count of all available property in the farm business • Step 2: Evaluate the property item at the current market value • Step 3: Make a closing inventory at the end of the year NOTE: Order is important. (3) 3.2 3.2.1 A bar graph of workers' salaries from the year 2005 to 2010 Workers salary from 2005 to 2010 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300  1200 Salary (R)  1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Years Marking rubric • Heading  • Correct y-axis labelling • Correct x-axis labelling (4) • Correct graphs  Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum 3.2.2 THREE factors for rapid salary increase from 2008 to 2010 • Introduction of labour laws/legislation • Democratic dispensation of 1994/more labourers in management positions • Farm workers recognition by the Department of labour • Minimum wage policy • Better skilled workers  • Unionisation/bargaining power of farm workers  (Any 3) (3) 3.2.3 Calculate workers' salary increases as percentage (2009 to 2010) • R1 900,00 – R1 500,00 = R400,00 400 • Increase % = 1 500 × 100 = 26,27% Or 1 900,00−1 500,00 • Increase % = × 100 1 500,00 =26,27% (3) 3.3 Means of money payments • Cash  • Cheque  • Bank deposit  • Internet/bank transfer  (4) 3.4 3.4.1 Net profit of farmer A • R67 100,00 – R51 000,00 = R16 100,00 (2) 3.4.2 Net profit of farmer B • R61 700,00 – R50 000 = R11 700,00 (2) 3.4.3 More successful farmer and TWO reasons • Farmer A is more successful  • Make more profit/Net profit is higher than farmer B/farmer B net profit is lower  • Farmer B feed costs are higher/Sales on waste is lower  • Farmer A is a better marketer of waste  (Any 2 reasons) (3) 3.5 3.5.1 FOUR main features of a cash flow budget • It concerns cash transactions only  • Income and expenses are recorded in the actual month in which the transaction occurs with the respective activity  • The timing of the cash received or expended has a direct bearing on the bank balance  • It is usually prepared for a session or one year  (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum 3.5.2 FOUR important reasons for a Cash Flow Budget • It indicates where and when money will be needed for any undertaking • It indicates the source of money into the business • It evaluates the loan needs of the farm • It determines the credit worthiness of the farm • It guides one against the misuse of funds • It determines the ability of the farmer to meet the short term financial obligations/payments on bank accounts (Any 4) (4) 3.6 Reasons for a business plan • It can help the group to find, describe, and refine their competitive advantage • It can assist to move their business in a direction that the goal and the objectives of the business can be achieved • It can help them to identify and manage the risks as well as set priorities and make decisions • It shows the position of the business now, where the business is heading, also when and how to get there • It can help to spend money more wisely by prioritising actions and directions • It can help them to identify and take advantage of opportunities • It can assist to clarify roles and improve communication between the group members, employees and family members etc.  • It is needed to obtain capital from a financial institution  (Any 6) (6) 3.7 3.7.1 Assets • Anything of value  • In the possession of the business/on the farm OR • Outstanding debits that other people owes the farm  • Anything the farmer owns (2) 3.7.2 Liabilities • The total values of claims  • On the assets of the business by various suppliers  OR • Any outstanding accounts  • In the farm business that the farmer owes  (2) 3.7.3 Product income • All Income received  • Related to that specific product  (2) 3.8 THREE reasons for returning purchased items • Incorrect items received • Faulty item received • Business not satisfied with the items (3) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 9 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION 4: HARVESTING, VALUE-ADDING, MARKETING, AGRITOURISM AND INDUSTRY 4.1 Reason for more effective harvesting by harvester • A combine harvester combines different tasks  which are cutting, sorting and cleaning at the same time  (2) 4.2 4.2.1 Identify management process • Marketing/market research  (1) 4.2.2 FOUR important factors in the physical functions of marketing • Sorting • Storing • Grading • Transport • Processing • Packaging • Distribution  (Any 4) (4) 4.3 Visible criteria for the grading of harvested farm crops • Size of the crop  • Colour of the crop  • Damages on the crop  • Form/shape of the crop  • Freshness of the crop  • Diseases/pests  • Stage of development  • Cleanliness  • Contamination/foreign seeds (Any 4) (4) 4.4 4.4.1 FOUR critical components in design of packaging material • Form that protect of the product  • Outstanding features to draw people's attention/Brand/product recognising  • Easily printable • Features that make it easy to handle  • Cost effectiveness  • Give information to consumers  (Any 4) (4) 4.4.2 THREE types of packaging material • Plastic  • Carton  • Polystyrene  • Tin  (Any 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 10 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum 4.5 4.5.1 Application of pooling system • Produce of different farmers are pooled  • Product are treated/handled together  • Products are stored/sold as a unit  (3) 4.5.2 FOUR advantages of co-operative marketing • Farmers do not have to build their own storage or packing facilities • Producers receive the average price of all the sales during a specific year  • Producers receive a guaranteed price, which gives them financial security  • It ensures orderly and effective marketing  • It simplifies management and bookkeeping  (Any 4) (4) 4.6 4.6.1 THREE methods of preservation to eliminate organisms • Through heating • Through filtration • Through UV light or radiation (3) 4.6.2 FOUR methods of preservation for inhibiting growth of micro- organisms • Applying cold • Increasing the osmotic pressure • Drying/dehydration (4) • Decreasing the pH through adding of acid 4.7 4.7.1 Section of Agriculture addressed • Agritourism/Game farming  (1) 4.7.2 Main aims of game farming • Tourism  • Hunting or harvesting for meat  • Breeding  • Conservation  (4) 4.7.3 BIG FIVE animals • Elephants  • Rhino  • Lion  • Leopard  • Buffalo  (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014 NSC – Memorandum 4.8 4.8.1 THREE advantages of gate marketing • No transport costs • Products can be sold by the farmer himself/no middle man or agent  • Better suited to small scale farmers  • No need for grading of produce  (Any 3) (3) 4.8.2 TWO disadvantages of gate marketing • The farmer will have to accept the local price for his products • The farmer will not necessarily be well located to sell products (2) 4.9 THREE factors of decision on functioning of the farm • The speed with which the decisions are taken  • The degree of accuracy with which the decisions are taken  • The acceptability of the decision to those who are affected by them  (3) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 150 GRAND TOTAL: 200 Copyright reserved