Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P1 NSC June 2022 Question Paper

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 2022 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 D  1.1.3 C  1.1.4 D  1.1.5 B  1.1.6 A  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 B  1.1.9 C  1.1.10 A  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 B only  1.2.3 A only  1.2.4 None  1.2.5 A only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Digestibility coefficiency  1.3.2 Sustainable medication/integrated disease management  1.3.3 Placenta retention/retained placenta  1.3.4 Embryo flushing/harvesting  1.3.5 Mitochondrion  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Biological value/BV  1.4.2 Drenching/dosing gun/syringe  1.4.3 Natural mating/copulation  1.4.4 Ectoderm  1.4.5 Ejection/delivery/expulsion  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Stomach compartments of two ruminant farm animals 2.1.1 The development stage of the ruminant farm animal in A Young ruminant farm animal  (1) 2.1.2 TWO reasons  Presence of oesophogal groove   Underdeveloped fore-stomach (rumen/reticulum/omasum)   Large abomasum  (Any 2) (2) 2.1.3 Identification of the letter (a) D  (1) (b) C  (1) 2.1.4 Adaptation feature of part E /omasum It has folds/leaves that squeeze water from the feed  (1) 2.1.5 Fowl’s stomach corresponding with the abomasum Proventriculus/glandular stomach  (1) 2.2 Energy flow of feed 2.2.1 Energy represented by A Metabolic energy/ME  (1) 2.2.2 Calculation of the digestible energy  DE = Gross Energy – energy lost through faeces   DE = 850 joules – 255 joules   DE = 595 joules  (3) 2.2.3 Importance of net energy  For growth/production/reproduction/work   For maintenance  (Any 1) (1) 2.2.4 TWO aims of calculating energy value of the feed  To determine animal diet   To determine feeding standards   To determine ration formulation  (Any 2) (2) 2.3 Nutritional composition of two feeds 2.3.1 The purpose of using feed B  For growth   For production   For reproduction  (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 2.3.2 ONE reason It has a high protein content (39%)/narrow NR (less than 1:6)  (1) 2.3.3 Pearson square method Feed A 8% 23 parts  16%  Feed B 39% 8 parts  Ratio Feed A : Feed B is 23 : 8  (4) 2.4 Minerals, vitamins and deficiency symptoms (a) Zinc/Zn  (1) (b) Night blindness/keratomalaise/malformation of bones/lower disease resistance/lower fertility/loss of appetite/diarrhoea  (1) (c) Wasting disease/stunted growth/poor appetite/listlessness/drop in milk production/anaemia/cardiac failure/infertility  (1) (d) Vitamin K  (1) (e) Iron/Fe/Copper/Cu/vitamin B6  (1) 2.5 Suitable components of feeds 2.5.1 Water  (1) 2.5.2 Carbohydrates  (1) 2.5.3 Fats/Oils/Lipids  (1) 2.6 Types of feeds 2.6.1 Classification of feed types A and B  Feed types A - Concentrates  (1)  Feed types B - Roughages  (1) 2.6.2 Identification of C Carbohydrate-rich concentrates  (1) 2.6.3 TWO functions of roughages(B)  Enhance the development of rumen in young animals   Stimulate milk production   Provide bulkiness to the ration   Prevent bloating in ruminants   Improve digestion   Providing energy  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 2.6.4 TWO feed examples of succulent roughages (D)  Silage   Green fodder/pastures/soilage   Green lucerne  (Any 2) (2) [35] QUESTION 3 : ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Animal production systems 3.1.1 Animal production system  FARM A - Intensive production system  (1)  FARM B - Extensive production system  (1) 3.1.2 Reason for extensive production system  Space - Large space  (1)  Number of animals - Fewer animals  (1) 3.1.3 Indication of the high inputs  30 labourers   3 x big tractors   Abattoir with equipment  (Any 1) (1) 3.1.4 TWO ways of increasing animal productivity on farm B  Correct feeding/nutrition/diet   Improving environment/provision of shelter   Breeding disease resistant animals   General production enterprise management  (Any 2) (2) 3.2 Examples of intensive production systems 3.2.1 Matching the pictures (a) Picture C  (1) (b) Picture A  (1) (c) Picture B  (1) 3.2.2 TWO important reasons for shelter in farm animals  To reduce effects of extreme weather conditions   Protect against predators/theft   Easy management   Improved production  (Any 2) (2) 3.3 Broiler facility 3.3.1 Purpose of the curtains in the facility  Control light intensity   Regulate the temperature inside the house/ventilation  (Any 1) (1) 3.3.2 TWO other equipment used to control temperature for chicks  Insulators/bedding   Heating equipment when it is cold   Cooling equipment/ventilators when it is hot  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 3.3.3 TWO factors to consider when building broiler facility  Orientation of the building   Should allow air flow/ventilation   Slope to allow good drainage/prevent run-off water entering   Side walls should be insulated   Cost effective   Durability/strength   Insulated roofing material  (Any 2) (2) 3.4 Animal diseases and parasites in farm animals 3.4.1 Completing the table  A - Virus  (1)  B  Chronic cough   Squeaky breathing   Dyspnea/enlarge lymph nodes  (Any 1) (1)  C - Protozoa  (1)  D - Ringworm  (1) 3.4.2 Indication of the vector E - Bont tick/3-host tick  (1) 3.4.3 TWO financial implications of animal diseases  Decreased production/income/profit   Banning of exports/international trade decreases   Have negative impact on food security   High cost to control/prevention  (Any 2) (2) 3.4.4 Identification of the disease transmitted from animals to humans Tuberculosis/TB/ringworm  (1) 3.5 Medication of farm animals 3.5.1 Method to administer medication Intramuscular injection  (1) 3.5.2 Identification of the role of the state Registration of the medication/Reg. No. F 2144/ACT 36/1947  (1) 3.5.3 Justification The medication is retained in the body for four weeks  (1) 3.5.4 TWO other methods to administer medication through injection  Intravenous injection   Subcutaneous/hypodermic injection   Intradermal injection   Intraperitoneal injection   Intraruminal injection   Intramammary injection  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 3.6 Plant poisoning 3.6.1 Identification of the poisonous plant Thorn apple/devil’s apple/Jamestown weed/Jimson weed/stinkweed/ devil’s trumpet/Datura stramonium  (1) 3.6.2 TWO measures to prevent plant poisoning  Remove the poisonous plant   Remove animals from camps infested with poisonous plant   Avoid overgrazing/practice rotational grazing   Feed animals well   Inspection of hay provided to farm animals  (Any 2) (2) 3.6.3 TWO ways to treat animals with plant poisoning  Keep affected animal away from drinking water for two days, thereafter allow only small quantities of water   Administer activated charcoal/strong tea/tannic acid/remedies that will neutralise the plant poison   Provide large doses of purgative to expel poison   Dose the animal with sugar/glucose  (Any 2) (2) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The reproductive system of a bull 4.1.1 Identification of  B - Scrotum  (1)  C - Epididymis  (1) 4.1.2 The hormone secreted by the testis Testosterone  (1) 4.1.3 Condition when the testis remains in the body cavity Cryptorchidism  (1) 4.1.4 Role of the scrotum in regulating the temperature In hot conditions the scrotum relaxes moving the testes away from the body  in cooler conditions the scrotum contracts pulling the testes closer to the body  (2) 4.2 Semen collection, dilution and preservation 4.2.1 TWO methods of collecting semen  Artificial vagina   Electrical stimulation/electro-ejaculator  (2) 4.2.2 TWO requirements for semen collection  All equipment that will be used should be readily available   Equipment must be hygienic/clean/sterilized   Floor area must not be slippery   Personnel must be trained/skilled with experience/expertise  Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines  Vial must be kept warm before and after collection   Enough handlers should be available   Teaser cow should be available   Semen must not be exposed to direct sunlight  (Any 2) (2) 4.2.3 TWO functions of semen dilutants  Provide nutrients/energy to the sperm cells   Prevent contamination by micro organisms   Protect sperm cells against pH changes   Protect sperm cells during freezing and thawing   Increase the volume of semen   Maintain proper osmotic/electrolyte pressure   Increase the viability of the sperm cells  (Any 2) (2) 4.2.4 Temperature requirement for semen storage –196 oC  (1) 4.3 Oogenesis 4.3.1 Identification of the process Oogenesis/ovigenesis  (1) 4.3.2 Type of cell divisions (a) B - Meiosis  (1) (b) A - Mitosis  (1) 4.3.3 Purpose of meiosis  Reduce the number of chromosomes from diploid (2n) to haploid (n)   To form gametes  (Any 1) (1) 4.3.4 Organ where the following cells can be found (a) Spermatogonium - Testis  (1) (b) Oögonia - Ovary  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 4.4 Bar graph 4.4.1 Bar graph representing butterfat and crude fibre percentage from week 525 of lactation Butterfat and crude fibre percentage from week 5 - 25 of lactation Butterfat % Crude fibre % Butterfat and crude fibre (%) 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (weeks) CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINES  Correct heading   X-axis: correct calibrations and labelled (Time)   Y-axis: correct calibrations and labelled (Butterfat and crude fibre)   Correct units (% and weeks)   Bar graph   Accuracy (80%+ correctly plotted)  (6) 4.4.2 Deduction of the trend of crude fibre Increases from 4,6 to 5,0  (1) 4.5 Development of the embryo in the uterus of a cow 4.5.1 Letters of parts (a) F  (1) (b) B  (1) (c) C  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/2022 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 4.5.2 TWO functions of the amniotic fluid  Shock absorber/prevents injuries   Allow movement of the foetus   Regulates temperature of the foetus   Lubricates birth canal   Prevents dehydration/desiccation of foetus  (Any 2) (2) 4.6 Milk production 4.6.1 Name of the milk produced during the first three days Colostrum/beestings  (1) 4.6.2 TWO reasons for the importance of colostrum  Antibodies increase disease resistance in calf   Calcium and Phosphorus required for strong bone development   Contain growth factors   Assists in the maturation of the alimentary canal   Richer in nutrients   Serves as a laxative   Higher in energy  (Any 2) (2) 4.6.3 Term for highest milk production point Peak period/peak production  (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved