AGRIC SCIENCES GR12 MEMO JUNE 2024_English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 JUNE 2024 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consist of 11 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2024) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B ✓✓ 1.1.2 C ✓✓ 1.1.3 A ✓✓ 1.1.4 A ✓✓ 1.1.5 D ✓✓ 1.1.6 C ✓✓ 1.1.7 B ✓✓ 1.1.8 A ✓✓ 1.1.9 D ✓✓ 1.1.10 D ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 A Only ✓✓ 1.2.2 Both A and B ✓✓ 1.2.3 None ✓✓ 1.2.4 Both A and B ✓✓ 1.2.5 B Only ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Silage ✓✓ 1.3.2 Feedlot ✓✓ 1.3.3 Courtship ✓✓ 1.3.4 Superovulation ✓✓ 1.3.5 Fertilisation ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Oesophageal groove ✓ 1.4.2 Infectious/contagious ✓ 1.4.3 Oogenesis ✓ 1.4.4 monozygotic ✓ 1.4.5 Mummification ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/JUNE 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 2.1 2.1.1 Identification of farm animal Cattle/sheep/goat ✓ (1) 2.1.2 Name of stomach compartment A – Rumen ✓ C – Omasum ✓ (2) 2.1.3 Adaptation visible on stomach compartment A Papillae ✓ (1) 2.1.4 Role of digestion in cellulose digestion It acts as a heating rod ✓ creating ideal temperatures for rumen microbes ✓ (2) 2.1.5 Deduce with a reason the stomach compartment in which the plastic bag will be found Reticulum ✓, since the plastic bag won’t be able to pass through the omasum which allows only fine particles to pass through. ✓ (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Identification of vitamin or mineral (a) Iodine ✓ (1) (b) Vitamin D ✓ (1) (c) Zinc ✓ (1) 2.2.2 Identification of vitamin less likely to be deficient in ruminants Vitamin B ✓ (1) 2.2.3 Motivation of answer to QUESTION 2.2.2 Ruminants have rumen microbes ✓ which manufacture vitamin B ✓ (2) 2.3 2.3.1 Calculation of the co-efficient of digestibility Dry matter intake = (100% –12%) of 1,5 kg = 88% of 1,5 kg = 1,32 kg ✓ Dry matter excreted = (100% – 30%) of 0,5 kg = 70% of 0,5 kg = 0,35 kg ✓ Dry matter intake – Dry matter excreted Coefficient of digestibility = x 100 ✓ Dry matter intake 1,32 kg – 0,35 kg = x 100 ✓ 1,32 kg = 73,5 ✓ % ✓ (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2024) 2.3.2 TWO factors that could have influenced the digestibility of the feed in the trial. • Type of animal ✓ • Quantity of feed taken in ✓ • Feed composition ✓ • Ration composition ✓ • Preparation of feed ✓ • Individuality ✓ • Age of plant (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3 TWO methods a farmer can use to improve the digestibility of the feed above. • Grinding ✓ • Pelleting ✓ • Boiling ✓ • Roasting ✓ • Crushing / rolling ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.4 2.4.1 Pearson Square to determine the ratio at which the two feeds must be mixed Maize meal Maize meal 21 ✓ 13% DP Desire DP 17% ✓ Soyabean meal Soyabean meal 4 ✓ 38% DP Ratio of Maize meal : Soyabean meal 21 : 4 ✓ (4) 2.5 2.5.1 Comparison of the biological values of feeds of plant and animal origin Feeds of animal origin have higher biological values ✓ than those of plant origin ✓ (2) 2.5.2 Importance of feeding non-ruminants with feeds of higher biological value Non ruminants do not have rumen microbes ✓ which can convert proteins of lower BV to higher BV ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/JUNE 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 5 2.6 2.6.1 Identification of plan Fodder flow plan ✓ (1) 2.6.2 TWO reasons why the plan mentioned in QUESTION 2.6.1 is essential for optimum animal production • Cost effectiveness ✓ • Safe use of natural resources ✓ • Fully meet the animals requirements ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2024) QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 3.1.1 Identification of production system Intensive production ✓ (1) 3.1.2 Motivation to answer in QUESTION 3.1.1 • High stocking density ✓ • Provision of shelter ✓ • Provision of food ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 Assessment of whether the production system above can be implemented by resource poor farmers. No, ✓ it is capital intensive. ✓ (2) 3.1.4 Identification of TWO factors that can result in improved production. • Nutrition ✓ • Environment ✓ (2) 3.2 3.2.1 Recommended temperature for chicks of different ages Criteria for marking • Correct heading ✓ • x-axis correctly calibrated with label (Age) ✓ • y-axis correctly calibrated with label (Temperature) ✓ • Graph type (Line graph) ✓ • Correct units (°C and weeks) ✓ • Accuracy ✓ (6) 3.2.2 Deduction of trend As chicks grow, ✓ they can survive on lower temperatures. ✓ (2) 3.2.3 Equipment that can be used by farmers to regulate temperature • Fans ✓ • Heaters ✓ • Ventilators ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/JUNE 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 7 3.3 3.3.1 Identification of parasite Nasal worm ✓ (1) 3.3.2 Classification of parasite Ecto-parasite ✓ (1) 3.3.3 ONE symptom of nasal worm infestation • Sneezing ✓ • Thick, yellow nasal discharge ✓ • Shaking of head in an attempt to get rid of the parasite ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 THREE financial implications of infestation by the parasite above • Cost of remedies ✓ • Loss of production ✓ • Loss of income ✓ • Poor quality meat and wool ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.3.5 Chemical control of nasal worm Dosing ✓ (1) 3.4 Disease that matches with the statement: 3.4.1 Rabies ✓ (1) 3.4.2 Red water ✓ (1) 3.4.3 Mastitis ✓ (1) 3.4.4 Lumpy wool ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2024) 3.5 3.5.1 Identification of poisonous plant Thorny apple ✓ (1) 3.5.2 Treatment strategy to deal with an animal that has consumed thorny apple Administering charcoal ✓ to absorb the poison ✓ (2) 3.5.3 TWO measures to prevent plant poisoning of animals • Areas containing toxic plants must be camped off ✓ • Avoid overgrazing ✓ • Eradicate poisonous plants ✓ • Do not feed animals mouldy hay ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5.4 TWO roles of the state in animal protection • Legislation ✓ • Quarantine services ✓ • Notifiable diseases ✓ • Imports bans ✓ • Veterinary services ✓ • Research ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/JUNE 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 9 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 4.1.1 Identification of parts A, B and D A – Vulva ✓ B – Vagina ✓ D – Uterus ✓ (3) 4.1.2 Identification of the parts associated with each of the statements (a) H✓ (1) (b) B✓ (1) (c) F✓ (1) 4.1.3 TWO functions of part C • Acts as a reservoir for semen ✓ • Isolates the uterus from the external environment ✓ • Facilitates sperm transfer into the uterus ✓ • It secrets a thick mucus which acts as a barrier during pregnancy ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2 4.2.1 Explanation of why artificial insemination is considered cheap No need to buy bulls ✓ (1) 4.2.2 TWO pieces of equipment that are key in artificial insemination • Artificial vagina ✓ • Electro ejaculator ✓ • Pistolette ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.3 Definition of underlined phrase. Manipulation of the female’s oestrus cycle ✓ so they can breed at about the same time. ✓ (2) 4.2.4 TWO hormones that can be used to synchronise oestrus • Melengestrol acetate ✓ • Prostaglandin ✓ • Synthetic progesterone (progestin) ✓ • Oestradiol ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2024) 4.3 4.3.1 Presentation shown in the diagram Posterior presentation ✓ (1) 4.3.2 Identification of parturition stage Expulsion of the foetus ✓ (1) 4.3.3 TWO other causes of dystocia • Multiple births ✓ • Premature or late birth ✓ • Incorrect presentation of the calf ✓ • Incomplete cervical dilation ✓ • Hydrocephalus ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3.4 TWO signs of a cow approaching parturition • Isolating herself from other animals ✓ • Nesting behaviour ✓ • Restlessness ✓ • Signs discomfort ✓ • Attempts to urinate often ✓ • Milk leaks from the teats ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4 4.4.1 Identification of hormones X and Y X – Oestrogen ✓ Y – Luteinising hormone ✓ (2) 4.4.2 Letter showing oestrus stage C✓ (1) 4.4.3 TWO reasons to support the answer to QUESTION 4.4.2 • Oestrogen is at its peak ✓ • It is the shortest stage of the oestrus cycle ✓ • Coincides with ovulation ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4.4 TWO aids that can help to detect oestrus • Pedometer ✓ • Tail-chalking ✓ • Androgenised females ✓ • Heat watch system ✓ • Chin-ball markers ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/JUNE 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 11 4.5 4.5.1 Identification of technique Cloning / Nuclear transfer ✓ (1) 4.5.2 Sheep that is identical to offspring C A✓ (1) 4.5.3 Name of process D Enucleation ✓ (1) 4.5.4 Main purpose of technique To make an exact copy of a living organism ✓ (1) 4.5.5 THREE disadvantages of reproductive technique • It is expensive ✓ • Dystocia problems can arise because clones can be very large at birth ✓ • Cloned animals seem to age prematurely ✓ • It is a fairly new and developing technology that requires specific skills ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over