AGRIC SCIENCES P1 MEMO GR12 SEPT 2021 English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2021 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 C  1.1.4 D  1.1.5 A  1.1.6 D  1.1.7 B  1.1.8 C  1.1.9 D  1.1.10 C  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 A only  1.2.3 None  1.2.4 B only  1.2.5 Both A and B (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Biological value/BV  1.3.2 Quarantine  1.3.3 Cryptorchidism  1.3.4 Impotence  1.3.5 Freemartin  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Lipase  1.4.2 Weaning  1.4.3 Colostrum/beestings  1.4.4 Ovum/egg cell  1.4.5 Repeat breeder  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Digestion in farm animals 2.1.1 Indication whether the teeth represent the lower or upper jaws Lower jaw  (1) 2.1.2 Naming the type of digestion done by the teeth Physical  (1) 2.1.3 Explaining the importance of teeth together with saliva in FARM ANIMAL 1 Teeth break down large food particles into smaller particles  Saliva moistens, softens and bind the particles together to form a bolus  (2) 2.1.4 Part of a fowl that performs the same function done by teeth Ventriculus/gizzard  (1) 2.1.5 Explanation of the path of milk in FARM ANIMAL 2 Milk flows from the mouth to the oesophogal groove  and land directly into the abomasum  (2) 2.2 Villi 2.2.1 Part in the alimentary canal where villi is found Small intestines  (1) 2.2.2 Indication of the nutrient absorbed in part A and B Part A – Digested protein and carbohydrates  Part B – Digested fats  (2) 2.2.3 Process that follows after the absorption of nutrients Assimilation  (1) 2.2.4 ONE adaptation feature of the villi  Presence of blood and lymph capillaries   Microvilli to increase the surface area for absorption   Thin layer of epithelial cells with carrier molecules  (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) 2.3 Feed components 2.3.1 Identification of the feed suitable for: (a) Young growing animals – Feed C  (b) Fattening old ewes – Feed A  (c) Insulation against temperature changes – Feed B  (3) 2.3.2 Calculation of the nutritive ratio of feed B -– NR = 1 :  – 1:  1 : 3,25  OR - NR = 1 :  1:  1 : 3,25  (3) 2.3.3 Determining the ratio of feed A and feed C to be mixed to get a feed with 18% DP Feed A 10 22 parts of Feed A  18%  Feed C 40 8 parts of Feed C  Ratio of feed A : Feed C is 22 : 8  (4) 2.4 Growth stimulants Naming the most applicable substance: (a) Tranquilisers  (b) Thyroid regulator  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 2.5 Fodder flow 2.5.1 Bar graph Quantity of lucerne produced over a year 1400 Quantity of lucerne (kg/ha) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Time (months) Criteria/rubric/marking guideline  Correct heading   x-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Time)   y-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Quantity of lucerne)   Correct units (kg/ha and months)   Bar graph   Accuracy  (6) 2.5.2 Calculation of the total amount of lucerne the cows will need in June Number of animal x requirement/kg/day x 30 = 35 x 5 kg x 30  = 5 250 kg  (2) 2.5.3 Determination of whether there will be enough lucerne for these lactating cows in June Supply in June = 50 kg/Ha x 42 hectares = 2 100 kg  2 100kg – 5 250 kg – 3 150 kg  There will be a shortage of 3 150 kg.  (3) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Production system 3.1.1 Identification of the animal production system Extensive production system  (1) 3.1.2 TWO reasons  Lot of space and few animals/low-density   Animal production adapted to existing environment/environment not modified   Low input costs   Use of thorny shrubs as fencing  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 Linking the production system with a relevant farming system Subsistence  (1) 3.1.4 Identification of the measures to increase animal production under the following: (a) Nutrition – Planting of the kikuyu  (b) Reproduction – Breeding animals adapted to the environment  (c) General enterprise management – Dividing grazing area into camps/practising rotational grazing  (3) 3.2 Facilities/equipment 3.2.1 Identification of the facilities/equipment PICTURE B – Furrowing crate  PICTURE D – Drinker  (2) 3.2.2 Purpose of using the facility Labelled A in PICTURE C – to restrain an animal  (1) 3.2.3 TWO design features of the facility labelled B in PICTURE C  Should have high solid sides to prevent animals from seeing out   Narrow curved/not curved too sharply  (2) 3.2.4 Indication of the information to be included in the permit  Details of the owner   Number of animals   Type of animals   Description of animals   Registration number of the vehicle   Destination to which animals are being taken   Name and ID number of the driver  (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 3.3 Animal handling and behaviour 3.3.1 TWO signs of pigs in distress  Tail biting   Ear biting   Cannibalism   Belly nibbling   Snout rubbing  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.3.2 TWO effects of incorrect handling of animals during transportation  Animals will be injured   Delayed rigor mortis   Poor quality of meat  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4 Diseases 3.4.1 TWO signs showing that the animal is sick  Dull glossy eyes   Pink membrane around the eyes   Rapid pulse rate   Laboured breathing   Animal walks slowly or limps when forced to walk   Discoloured urine and faeces may be too hard or too soft   Dull rough coat  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4.2 TWO methods a farmer can use to test animal health  k m ’ m   Determining pulse rate   Determining respiratory rate  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5 Life cycle of an anthrax 3.5.1 Indication of the pathogen Bacteria  (1) 3.5.2 TWO ways in which the disease can be transmitted  Ingestion of the animal product   Inhalation   Cutaneous/through the skin  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5.3 Justification that the disease is zoonotic It is transferred from the animals  to human beings  (2) 3.5.4 TWO steps the farmer can take to prevent further spread of the disease  Burn or bury the carcasses of infected animals   Dispose all manure, bedding and other contaminated materials   Clean and disinfect stables, pens, milking parlours and all equipment  (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) 3.6 Ticks 3.6.1 Classification of the parasite External parasite  (1) 3.6.2 Reason They create an opening on the skin of an animal  (1) 3.6.3 Name of the tick belonging to the following class: (a) Three-host tick – Bont tick  (b) One-host tick – Blue tick  (2) 3.6.4 TWO economic impacts of ticks for the farmer  Decreased production   Decreased income/profit   High cost of treatment  (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 Reproductive systems 4.1.1 Identify the letter (a) B (1) (b) I (1) (c) G (1) (d) Diagram A – C  Diagram B – J  (2) 4.1.2 Naming the inner and the middle membranes surrounding the foetus Inner membrane – Amnion  Middle membrane – Allantois  (2) 4.1.3 Explanation of the role of the parts Part A – Regulates the temperature of the testis for optimum sperm production  Part F – Collects the ovum released during ovulation  (2) 4.2 Reproductive processes 4.2.1 Identification of the processes B – Fertilisation  C – Pregnancy/gestation  (2) 4.2.2 Indication of the first and the last stage of pregnancy First stage– Ovum phase  Last stage- Foetal stage  (2) 4.2.3 Name of the process labelled A Artificial Insemination/AI  (1) 4.2.4 TWO economic benefits of artificial insemination for the farmer  Less expensive because there is no need to buy a bull   Large number of offspring can be produced from the superior bulls   Semen of superior bulls can be used even after death   Semen of multiple sires can be used without maintaining many expensive bulls  Higher conception rate is achieved  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.5 TWO factors causing retention of placenta  Deficiency of vitamin A   Sexually transmitted diseases   Infections/abortion   Exhaustion following difficult calving   Mineral deficiency   Hereditary defects   Over-conditioning of dry cows  (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) 4.3 Cloning 4.3.1 Identification of the reproductive process Cloning/nuclear transfer  (1) 4.3.2 Explanation of a reason Somatic cell from the donor is fused with a nucleated egg cell  giving rise to an offspring that is genetically identical to the donor sheep  (2) 4.3.3 Naming of the process Enucleation  (1) 4.3.4 Indication of the letter of the sheep (a) D  (b) A  (c) B  (3) 4.3.5 TWO aims of the cloning  Produce large number of genetically identical animals   Produce offspring from high quality animals   Preserve and extend proven superior genetics   Achieve high quality meat and dairy products   Increase number of endangered species  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4 Udder and lactation 4.4.1 Identification of parts A – Alveoli  B – Lobe  C – Teat  (3) 4.4.2 Indication of the role of alveoli It is where milk is formed  (1) 4.4.3 Naming the stage in the lactation cycle between month 10 and the next calving period Dry/rest period  (1) 4.4.4 Importance of dry period for lactating cow To give time for glandular tissue of the udder to recover  and prepare for optimum milk production in the next lactation cycle  (2) 4.4.5 Identification of the number of months’ lactation period last 10 months  (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over