AGRIC SCIENCES P2 MEMO SEPT2020 English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2020 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C ✓✓ 1.1.2 A ✓✓ 1.1.3 C ✓✓ 1.1.4 B ✓✓ 1.1.5 D ✓✓ 1.1.6 A ✓✓ 1.1.7 B ✓✓ 1.1.8 C ✓✓ 1.1.9 B ✓✓ 1.1.10 D ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 E ✓✓ 1.2.2 F ✓✓ 1.2.3 C ✓✓ 1.2.4 A ✓✓ 1.2.5 H ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Equilibrium point / Market equilibrium ✓✓ 1.3.2 Entrepreneurs ✓✓ 1.3.3 Strategic risk management✓✓ 1.3.4 Labour productivity ✓✓ 1.3.5 Sex-linked trait ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Demand ✓ 1.4.2 Cash flow ✓ 1.4.3 Allele ✓ 1.4.4 Inbreeding depression ✓ 1.4.5 Mutagen ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 2.1 2.1.1 Identification of price determining factor Supply✓ (1) 2.1.2 Explanation of how factors will cause a shift in the supply curve (a) Technology – Better technology can result in reduced production costs ✓ resulting in improved supply ✓ (b) Environmental conditions – Conducive environmental conditions will result in higher yields ✓ leading to increase in supply ✓ (4) 2.1.3 Factors influencing supply • Price ✓ • Production costs ✓ • Subsidies ✓ • Seasonality ✓ • Competitive products ✓ • Legislation (Any 2) (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Name of process Agri-business chain / Marketing chain ✓ (1) 2.2.2 Marketing channel shown by the arrow • A – Farm gate marketing ✓ • B - Fresh produce markets ✓ (2) 2.2.3 Advantage of marketing channel A to the consumer Prices are lower than retail prices ✓ (1) 2.2.4 Methods of dealing with factors hampering the marketing chain (a) Processing products close to where they are produced ✓ (1) (b) Using cold storage / refrigerated transport / processing ✓ (1) 2.2.5 Description of how the following affect the agri-business chain (a) Increases transportation costs ✓ (1) (b) Seasonality of produce interrupts the market’s demand for consistent supply ✓ and increases storage costs ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) 2.3 2.3.1 Identification of marketing approaches A – Niche marketing ✓ B – Mass marketing ✓ C – Multi-segment marketing ✓ (3) 2.3.2 Identification of a marketing approach with high prices A✓ (1) 2.3.3 TWO reasons to support your answer • Consumers are prepared to pay high prices for unique products ✓ • There is less competition ✓ (2) 2.4.2 Methods of promoting products that are suitable for marketing approach B • Newspapers ✓ • Television ✓ • Radio ✓ • Billboards • Magazines ✓ • Electronic media ✓ (Any 2) (2) 2.4 2.4.1 Name of marketing system Cooperative marketing ✓ (1) 2.4.2 Principles cooperative marketing • Voluntary and open membership ✓ • Democratic member control ✓ • Autonomy and independence ✓ • Concern for community ✓ • Risk is shared by all members ✓ (Any 2) (2) 2.4.3 Benefits of cooperative marketing • Economies of scale ✓ • Increased bargaining power ✓ • Reduced risk due to risk-sharing ✓ • Ability to meet market requirements for volume and consistent supply ✓ • Access to funding ✓ • Access to better infrastructure ✓ (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 2.4.4 Name of document Business plan ✓ (1) 2.4.5 Components of a business plan • Title page ✓ • Contents page ✓ / Summary of enterprise details ✓ • Executive summary ✓ • Overview of the industry ✓ • Overview of the business ✓ • Organisational structure and ownership ✓ • Human resources plan ✓ • Marketing plan ✓ • Financial plan ✓ • SWOT analysis ✓ (Any 2) (2) (NB: All components of business plan accommodated) Not sure I understand what is meant here?? 2.5 Aspects of a SWOT analysis A. Opportunity ✓ B. Strength ✓ C. Threat ✓ (3) [35] QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS 3.1 3.1.1 Meaning of the following economic characteristics of land (a) Industrial and residential areas reduce the amount of land available for agriculture ✓ (1) (b) The amount of land available for agriculture in a country does not increase ✓ (1) (c) The decrease in the marginal output of a production process ✓ as the amount of a single factor of production is incrementally increased, ✓ while the amount of all other factors of production remain constant (2) 3.1.2 Methods of increasing the productivity of land • Consolidation of uneconomic farming units ✓ • Use of scientific farming methods ✓ • Water management ✓ • Use of farming methods that are suited to the area ✓ (Any 3) (3) 3.2 3.2.1 Deduction of type of farm workers A – Seasonal workers ✓ B – Permanent worker ✓ (2) 3.2.2 Motivation for answers to QUESTION 3.2.1 A – Harvesting is a seasonal activity ✓ B – Office / paper work is done by a farm manager who is a permanent employee ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) 3.2.3 (a) Farm worker that is most likely to be exploited Farm worker A ✓ (1) (b) Justification of answer to QUESTION 3.2.3 (a) Because they are the least educated / they have less bargaining power due lack of formal training ✓ (1) 3.2.4 Piece of legislation that protects Farm worker A from exploitation. Basic Conditions of Employment Act ✓ (1) 3.3. 3.3.1 Benefits of record keeping A – variable costs ✓ B – Overhead costs ✓ C – Gross margin ✓ D – Net profit ✓ (4) 3.3.2 Importance of an enterprise budget • Enables a farmer to determine the viability of an enterprise ✓ • Enterprise budgets can be used to help make decisions such as pricing products / comparing production practices ✓ • Enterprise budgets can be used to develop a product mix that matches business goals ✓ (2) 3.4 3.4.1 Deduction of capital type A – movable ✓ B – floating / running / working ✓ C – fixed ✓ (3) 3.4.2 Capital item funded through medium term credit A✓ (1) 3.4.3 Problems associated with capital • Scarcity of capital ✓ • High interest rates / expensive capital ✓ • Overcapitalisation ✓ • Undercapitalisation ✓ • Depreciation ✓ (Any 2) (2) 3.4.4 Methods of creating capital • Savings ✓ • Credit ✓ • Production ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 3.5 3.5.1 Management principles expressed in the passage • Planning ✓ • Implementation ✓ • Control ✓ (3) 3.5.2 Management skills possessed by the manager • Financial management skills ✓ • Labour management skills ✓ • Planning skills ✓ • Organisation skills ✓ (2) 3.5.3 Motivation for answers to QUESTION 3.5.2 • Financial management skills – The farmer drafted budgets✓ • Labour management skills - Decide which activities are going to be done by who ✓ • Planning skills – Prepares production plans / drafts budgets ✓ • Organisation skills – Decided which activities are going to be done by who, when and how ✓ (2) [35] QUESTION 4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS 4.1 4.1.1 Mechanism of inheritance described in the passage Epistasis ✓ (1) 4.1.2 Motivation of the answer in QUESTION 4.1.1 A separate gene controls the expression of the pigment production gene ✓ (1) 4.1.3 Phenotypes of animals with the following phenotypes A – Albino ✓ B – Brown ✓ (2) 4.1.4 Genotypes of the ram’s gametes (a) • AC ✓ • Ac ✓ • aC ✓ • ac ✓ (Any 2) (2) Phenotypic ratio (b) 9:3:3:1 (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) 4.2 4.2.1 Punnet square ♂ R r ✓ ♀ r Rr rr r ✓ Rr rr ✓ ✓ Rubric Punnet square with gametes and offspring genotypes ✓ Correct male gametes ✓ Correct female gametes ✓ Correct offspring genotype ✓ (4) 4.2.2 Phenotypic ratio 2 2 𝑥 100 black : 4 𝑥 100 white ✓ = 50% black : 50% white ✓ (2) 4 4.3 4.3.1 Advantage of indigenous over exotic breeds More resistant to ticks and diseases such as heartwater ✓ (1) 4.3.2 Identification of breeding method Cross breeding ✓ (1) 4.3.3 Name given to products of breeding method used in the passage Hybrids ✓ (1) 4.3.4 Disadvantages of breeding system described in the passage • Hybrids vary greatly and can be disappointing ✓ • Can lead to calving problems ✓ • Requires knowledge and experience ✓ (Any 2) (2) 4.4 4.4.1 Meaning of the acronym EBV Estimated Breeding Value ✓ (1) 4.4.2 Implication of EBV figure for weaning weight The animal in question will produce offspring ✓ with a weaning weight of 10 kg above the flock average ✓ (2) 4.4.3 Conclusion that can be drawn from a heritability of 85% The characteristic is influenced more by genes ✓ than the environment ✓ (2) 4.4.4 Type of variation shown by the traits in the table Continuous ✓ (1) 4.4.5 Bar graph showing the relationship between EBV and heritability Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 90 80 EBV (kg)/Heritability (%) 70 60 50 40 EBV 30 HERITABILITY (%) 20 10 0 Birthweight Weaning Carcass Mature cow weight weight weight Trait Checklist • Correct heading ✓ • X axis correctly calibrated with label (Trait) ✓ • Y axis correctly calibrated with label (EBV/Heritability) ✓ • Graph type (Bar graph) ✓ • Correct units (kg and %) ✓ • Accuracy ✓ (6) 4.5 4.5.1 Deduction of an environmental benefit from the passage Reduces the risk associated with overuse of fertilisers and pesticides ✓ (1) 4.5.2 Explanation of how genetic engineering reduces pollution from fertilisers and pesticides • With genetic modification crops can be made to be pest resistance ✓ reducing the need for pesticides✓ OR • With genetic modification nutrient use efficiency in crops can be improved ✓ resulting in less need for fertilisers, therefore less pollution from fertilisers ✓ (2) 4.5.3 Social risks associated with the use of genetically modified seeds • Poor developing countries will become dependent on developed countries for seed ✓ • Farmers cannot retain seeds resulting in high seed costs✓ • Some people think it’s ethically unacceptable to produce GM crops ✓ (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over