Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2017 Memo

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2017 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 11 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) SECTION A QUESTION 1.1 QUESTION 1.2 1.1.1 A √√ 1.2.1 G √√ 1.1.2 C √√ 1.2.2 D √√ 1.1.3 B √√ 1.2.3 A √√ 1.1.4 A √√ 1.2.4 J √√ 1.1.5 D √√ 1.2.5 B √√ (5 x 2) (10) 1.1.6 A √√ 1.1.7 B √√ 1.1.8 C √√ 1.1.9 C √√ 1.1.10 D √√ (10 x 2) (20) QUESTION 1.3 QUESTION 1.4 1.3.1 Selective breeding √√ 1.4.1 Sex linkage √ 1.3.2 Equilibrium price √√ 1.4.2 Outsourcing √ 1.3.3 Hedging √√ 1.4.3 Net income/profit √ 1.3.4 Labour contract/contract √√ 1.4.4 Green products √ 1.3.5 Polyploidy √√ 1.4.5 Marketing chain √ (5 x 2) (10) (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 2.1 2.1.1 Reasons why tomatoes are protected in boxes  For easy handling during distribution/transportation. √  For protection against mechanical damage. √  For easy storage and packaging. √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.2 Important packaging information that could attract tomato buyers.  Produce name √  Brand of the produce √  Size √  Variety √  Net weight √  Count √  Producer √  Shipper √  Country of origin √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.3 Reason why materials used for packaging vegetables must not contain chemicals.  Toxic chemicals can be transferred to the vegetables. √  Vegetables may contaminate/absorb chemical odour/unpleasant smell. √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.2 2.2.1 The law of supply The higher the supply, the more goods will be supplied. √√ (2) 2.2.2 Functions of agricultural marketing factors affecting supply  Price of the product – the higher the price, the more producers will be willing to supply. √  Competitive products – if cheaper products enter the market, the farmer may reduce production. √  Environmental conditions such as pest infestation can affect supply. √  Political instability such as war. √  Expectation of future price changes. √  When the demand for the product declines, producers will switch to produce other things. √  Technology – new technology may increase production. √  Production cost – the higher the cost of production, the less profit will be made. √  If government subsidies production, supply is likely to increase. √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) 2.2.3 How the following factors affect the demand of a product. (a) Advertisement Advertisement can inform consumers of a new or improvement in a product. √ This can increase the demand for that product. √ (2) (b) Quality of a product Demand of a product will increase if the quality of the product is good. √ If the quality is bad, the demand will decrease/decline. √ (2) 2.3 2.3.1 The relationship between the demand and supply of oranges on a farm. 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Quantity of oranges  Correct heading √  Correct plotting of values √  Labelling and units (Price in Rands) on Y-axis √  Labelling and units (Quantity of oranges) on X-axis √  Demand and supply curves √ (5) 2.3.2 Price at market equilibrium  R30,00 √ (1) 2.3.3 Why demand for oranges is low at R50,00 The price is very high / the higher the price, the lower the demand. √ (1) 2.4 2.4.1 Free marketing It is the marketing of products in an uncontrolled way. √√ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 2.4.2 The main channels of free marketing  Farm gate marketing √  Fresh produce markets  Stock sales √  Direct marketing √  Internet marketing √  Auction √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.4.3 Disadvantages of free marketing.  Price fluctuates considerably √  Market cost are high √  The producer is responsible for the marketing of the products √  The producer has limited bargaining power √  Producer decision may lead to big financial loss  Very often cartels are formed and the consumers are exploited √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Marketing cost that could affect the price of the product  Product preparation and packaging costs √  Handling cost √  Transport cost √  Product cost √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.5.2 Factors that hamper the marketing of agricultural products  Perishability nature of farm produce like meat √  Agricultural products have high volume with relative low unit value √  Seasonal fluctuations in production √  Standardisation of size, taste and appearance vary √  Local restrictions of agricultural production √  Intermediaries required for the marketing of agricultural products √  Long production time of certain crops such as wood √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.5.3 Ways to streamline and improve the agri-business chain  Improve the competiveness of commercial farmers √  Increase government control over inferior agricultural products from overseas √  Improve transportation √  Promote farmer cooperatives √  Provide access to market information √  Improve access to storage facilities √  Improve training and skill development √  Improve local marketing infrastructure and local marketing networks √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) 2.6 Possible problems that may arise when compiling agri-business plan.  Insufficient research √  Leaving gaps / being vague / providing too much information √  Insufficient technical detail √  Overambitious or unrealistic assumptions and projections √  Incomplete financials √  Not highlighting potential competition √  Hiding weakness and risks √  Using the incorrect format √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS 3.1 3.1.1 Production factor that could be used as a collateral Land √ (1) 3.1.2 Justification  The value of land appreciates with time √  Land ownership is easily transferable √  The value of land can be convertible √  Land can easily be sold at any time √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 Explanation of “the availability of land for agricultural purposes is limited”.  Land for cultivation/tillage/production or agricultural purposes is restricted √ to specific areas. √  Land for agricultural purposes cannot be produced. √  It is fixed. √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 Economic characteristics of land  It is a primary factor of production √  It is indestructible √  It varies in production potential √  It can be bought and sold √  Its value appreciates √  It is a passive factor of production √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 3.2 3.2.1 Skilled labourer Semi-skilled Unskilled labourer labourer Veterinarian √ Unqualified Apple picker √ mechanic √ (3) 3.2.2 Worker who could be in highest demand by a livestock farmer  Veterinarian √ (1) 3.2.3 Reason  Skilled workers are scarce and demand for them is high. √  It takes a long time to train a veterinarian. √  Only the veterinarian is more useful to the livestock farmer. √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Methods to improve the economic conditions of the apple picker  Provide him with incentives √  Pay higher salary √  Pay bonuses √  Entering into partnership deals with the worker √  Provide medical insurance √  Supply farm products such as milk √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2.5 The legislation that can best help the apple picker  Basic Conditions of Employment Act/Skills Development Act √ (1) 3.3 3.3.1 The type of document in 3.3.  Enterprise budget √ (1) 3.3.2 Justification of answer to QUESTION 3.3.1.  The record is a plan or a record of the money spent on and earned √ by only one enterprise (tomato). √ (2) 3.3.3 Two types of capital with examples Movable capital e.g. tractor √ Working capital e.g. fertiliser, tomato seedlings, insecticides storage boxes √ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) 3.3.4 Profit or loss of the farmer. Total income = 15 250,92 √ Expenditure = 4 521,25 √ Profit = R15 250,92 – R4 521,25 = R10 729,67 √ (3) 3.3.5 Sources of capital to the farm worker  A commercial bank that supplies credit to the general public √  Financial institutions such as land bank or Ithala Development Finance Corporation Ltd √  A trust company √  A potential business partner √  Agricultural cooperatives and agribusinesses √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4 3.4.1 Definition of farm management Application of basic business principles and scientific principles of agriculture √ to the farm business. √ (2) 3.4.2 Components of strategic management  Developing a vision √  Developing a mission √  Setting goals and objectives √ (3) 3.4.3 Explanation of conceptual skills Conceptual skills allow you to reflect on changes in the industry or in farm circumstances √ and develop strategies to address them. √ (2) 3.4.4 Socio-cultural forces that affect businesses  Population demographics – age, gender and race composition √  Education levels can affect the labour availability to the farm √  Culture and religion and the values and lifestyle choices of your customers √  Attitudes to environmental issues will affect demand for your product √  HIV and Aids can affect your consumers available cash and the availability of labour √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 QUESTION 4: GENETICS 4.1 4.1.1 Genotype in K SsQq √ (1) 4.1.2 Phenotype in L Black Short √ (1) 4.1.3 Ratio of white and long hair in the crosses 1 √ : 16 √ (2) 4.1.4 Percentage of black and short hair in the phenotype Total of the phenotypes = 9 + 3 + 3 + 1 √ = 16 √ Black and short hair = 9 Percentage of black and short hair = 9/16 x 100 √ = 56,25% or 56,3% √ (4) 4.2 4.2.1 Qualitative characteristics These are characteristics that can take only a few fixed forms. √ They are controlled by one pair of genes. √ (2) Quantitative characteristics Quantitative characteristics can take on a whole series of values without clear boundary lines between the different classes. √ They are usually determined by a number of genes. √ (2) (4) 4.2.2 (a) Gender of a bull – qualitative characteristic √ (1) (b) Body size of the bull – quantitative characteristic √ (1) 4.3 4.3.1 Limitations of traditional breeding  It is not precise. √  Many unwanted traits can be transferred. √  Not suitable for the production of vaccines. √  Recombined genetic traits within species and between related ones. √  It is time-consuming – takes several years. √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) 4.3.2 Current uses of genetically modified plants  Improving the shell life of many fruiting plants. √  Improving the nutritional value of food. √  Improving resistance to diseases and pests. √  Improving resistance to weed killers. √  Improving resistance to viral disease.√  Increasing resistance of plants to negative environmental influences such as drought. √ (2) 4.4 (a) Prepotency The ability of a parent to pass its genetic characteristics √ on to its offspring. √ (2) (b) Pedigree selection Pedigree selection focuses on the quality of the ancestors, √ rather than on the individual. √ (2) 4.5 4.5.1 The type of breeding that could take place on the farm.  Cross breeding √ (1) 4.5.2 Reason for answer in QUESTION 4.5.1.  It involves the mating of two pure-bred animals √ of different breeds. √ (2) 4.5.3 Characteristics of crossbred animals  They produce heterosis/hybrid vigor √  The offspring are heterozygous √  It helps to improve characteristics that have low heritability √  Progeny is more resistant to diseases √  Offspring have more vitality √  Better adaptability to varying environmental conditions √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.5.4 One genetic terminology for the offspring Progeny √ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 11 4.6 4.6.1 Calculation of milk yield aabbcc = 3 000 litres of milk B = 200 litres of milk √ C = 200 litres of milk √ AaBbcC = 3 000 + 200 + 200 = 3 400 √ litres of milk √ (4) 4.7 4.7.1 Crossing over √√ (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over