AGRIC SCIENCES P1 MEMO GR12 SEPT 2023_English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2023 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 11 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B ✓✓ 1.1.2 A ✓✓ 1.1.3 D ✓✓ 1.1.4 B ✓✓ 1.1.5 C ✓✓ 1.1.6 B ✓✓ 1.1.7 C ✓✓ 1.1.8 A ✓✓ 1.1.9 C ✓✓ 1.1.10 D ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Both A and B ✓✓ 1.2.2 A only ✓✓ 1.2.3 B only ✓✓ 1.2.4 None ✓✓ 1.2.5 A only ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Biological value ✓✓ 1.3.2 Subsistence ✓✓ 1.3.3 Dystocia ✓✓ 1.3.4 Lymphatic system ✓✓ 1.3.5 Lack of libido ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Fodder flow ✓ 1.4.2 Chronic ✓ 1.4.3 Scrotum ✓ 1.4.4 Placenta ✓ 1.4.5 Implantation ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Alimentary canal of farm animals 2.1.1 Name of the part Small intestines ✓ (1) 2.1.2 TWO visible adaptation features • Presence of micro-villi ✓ • Presence of blood capillaries ✓ • Presence of lymph vessels ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.3 Indication of nutrients absorbed in: (a) Lymph – Digested fats ✓ (1) (b) Blood capillaries – Digested carbohydrates ✓ (1) 2.1.4 Explanation of how folds assist in absorption Folds increase the surface area ✓ for absorption ✓ (2) 2.2 Feed components 2.2.1 Identification of (a) Energy – rich concentrate – Maize meal ✓ (1) (b) Protein – rich roughage – Lucerne hay ✓ (1) 2.2.2 Type of an animal Ruminant ✓ (1) 2.2.3 Reason • The ruminant animal has micro-organisms ✓which are able to digest a ration containing roughage and urea ✓ • The ruminant animal is able to regurgitate ✓ the feed for re- chewing of roughage ✓ • The ruminant animal has four compartments ✓ in its stomach adapted to digest roughages ✓ (Any 1) (2) 2.2.4 Component of the ration that can improve palatability and digestibility of oat hay Molasses ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 2.2.5 Bar graph Bar graph showing quantities of feed components in a ration 80 70 Quantitity (kg) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Maize meal Urea Lucerne hay Oat hay Molasses Feed components CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINE • Correct heading ✓ • Bar graph ✓ • x-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Feed components) ✓ • y-axis : Correctly calibrated and labelled (Quantities) ✓ • Correct unit (kg) ✓ • Accuracy (80% + correctly plotted) ✓ (6) 2.3 Sow and its litter housed in a farrowing pen with a cement floor 2.3.1 Mineral element deficient in sow Iron/Fe ✓ (1) 2.3.2 ONE deficiency symptom of iron • Anaemia ✓ • Paleness of the mucous membrane ✓ • Listlessness/laziness/fatigue ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Method of supplementing iron • Injection ✓ • Soil sods placed in pig’s concrete pen ✓ • Feeding with green forage ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 2.4 Pearson square 2.4.1 Ratio representing sunflower oilcake meal 8✓ (1) 2.4.2 Reason A feed high in protein ✓constitutes a small part of the ratio in the mixture. ✓ (2) 2.4.3 Calculation of the percentage of a carbohydrate-rich feed in the mixture. 8 + 20 = 28 ✓ 20 = x 100 ✓ 28 = 71,43% ✓ (3) 2.5 Energy values of a feed 2.5.1 Identify the energy loss in B Energy lost as body heat ✓ (1) 2.5.2 Justification of the importance of net energy • Needed for production/growth/reproduction ✓ • Needed for maintenance ✓ (2) 2.5.3 Calculation of metabolic energy Metabolic energy/ME = = Gross energy – energy loss in faeces – energy loss in urine and fermentation gases = 24J – 9J – 5J ✓ = 10J ✓ OR = Digestible energy – energy loss in urine and fermentation gases = 15J – 5J ✓ = 10J ✓ (2) 2.5.4 TWO aims of calculating energy value of the feed • To determine the animal’s diet ✓ • To determine feeding standards ✓ • To determine ration formulation ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Handling facilities 3.1.1 Identification of the facility Loading ramp ✓ (1) 3.1.2 Purpose of facility labelled A/crush • To restrain farm animals/ ✓ • To guide farm animals to the vehicle for transportation ✓ (1) 3.1.3 Design feature of a crush to ensure safety • Has high solid/strong/solid sides to prevent animals from seeing out ✓ • It has curves that are not sharp ✓ • There is nothing that can harm/hurt animals ✓ • Angles are not too steep ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 TWO reasons for handling farm animals using crush • For animal health programmes ✓ • Normal management programme/dehorning/castration/marking/docking ✓ • Treatment of parasites ✓ • Determination of animal’s age ✓ • Generation of data ✓ • Transportation of animals ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2. Animal handling 3.2.1 Indication of the letter (a) A✓ (1) (b) D✓ (1) (c) C✓ (1) 3.2.2 Behaviour when approached at blind spot • It will kick • It will be restless/uncomfortable ✓ (1) 3.2.3 TWO common behaviours displayed by cattle under stress • Pinned or raised ears ✓ • Rapid tail movement ✓ • Raised hair on the back of the neck ✓ • Pawing ✓ • Snorting ✓ • Feigned charging movements ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 3.3 Shelter and housing farm animals 3.3.1 Purpose of using the structures (a) Holding pen – For keeping animals temporarily prior to handling ✓ (b) Farrowing pen – Keeping sows and piglets ✓ (c) Holding shed – Keeping animals for a long period of time to protect them against temperature changes ✓ (3) 3.3.2 THREE reasons for shelter/housing in animal production • To protect animals against extreme temperature changes ✓ • To protect animals from predators/thieves ✓ • For easy handling ✓ (3) 3.4 Animal diseases 3.4.1 Labelling A – Rabies ✓ B – Bacteria ✓ C – Swollen udder ✓ – Milk is thick, flaky with clots ✓ (Any 1) D – Coccidiosis ✓ E – Hygiene ✓ (5) 3.4.2 Identification of the role of (a) The famer – Good hygienic principles ✓ (1) (b) The state – Provision of immunisation/vaccination ✓ (1) 3.5 Methods of administering medicine to animals 3.5.1 Identification of methods to apply medicine A – Topical ✓ B – Vaginal insertion ✓ D – Plunge dipping/Dipping ✓ (3) 3.5.2 Letter representing the method used to treat parasites (a) Roundworm – C ✓ (1) (b) Blue ticks – D ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 3.5.3 TWO ways of using medication sustainably • Medicine is safe to use for the specific animal ✓ • Check the expiry date ✓ • Ensure proper storage ✓ • Administer correct dose ✓ • Administer according to the instructions ✓ • Administer medicine for the correct period to ensure its effectiveness ✓ • Allow for proper withdrawal period before it is consumed ✓ • Medicine be kept away from children ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.6 Poisonous plants 3.6.1 ONE poisonous plant found in pastures • Thorn apple ✓ • Poisonous bulb ✓ • Lantana ✓ • Devil’s thorn ✓ • Lupines ✓ • Buffalo grass ✓ • Poisonous leaf ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.6.2 TWO measures to control plant poison in pastures • Remove animals from an infested camp ✓ • Remove poisonous plants from the pastures ✓ • Feed animal well as they will be less likely to eat poisonous plants ✓ • Avoid overgrazing/overstocking ✓ • Practise rotational grazing ✓ • Provide animals with feed and water when transported by rail/when introducing them to a new place with unfamiliar plants ✓ • Control poisonous plants by applying chemicals in infested pastures ✓ (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 Reproductive system 4.1.1 Identification of the letter (a) B✓ (1) (b) D✓ (1) (c) E✓ (1) 4.1.2 TWO congenital defects in part B/testis leading to loss of fertility • Hypoplasia ✓ • Cryptorchidism ✓ • Sperm defect ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.1.3 Role played by part labelled C/penis in reproduction It deposits semen into the vagina during mating ✓ (1) 4.2 Hormones controlling oestrus cycle 4.2.1 Duration of the oestrus 28 days ✓ (1) 4.2.2 Name of the hormones A – Oestrogen ✓ B – Progesterone ✓ (2) 4.2.3 Indication of what is happening during the follicular phase (a) Stage of oestrus cycle – Pro-oestrus ✓ (b) Hormone responsible – FSH ✓ (2) 4.2.4 TWO functions of hormone B/progesterone if the cow can be pregnant. • Delays secretion of FSH ✓ • Prevents the cow from coming to heat ✓ • Prepares the uterus to receive the fertilised egg ✓ • Maintains proper uterine environment to maintain pregnancy ✓ • Stimulating uterine milk secretions ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 4.3 Artificial insemination 4.3.1 Purpose of using the pistolette To deposit semen during artificial insemination ✓ (1) 4.3.2 TWO basic requirements for storage • Semen to be stored at 5°C if sored for a short period ✓ • Semen be kept frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196°C if stored for a longer time ✓ • Must be stored in polyvinyl straws ✓ • The ends of straws are sealed to prevent liquid nitrogen from entering ✓ • Straws should be labelled for identification ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3.3 Identification of the letter (a) A ✓ (1) (b) E ✓ (1) 4.3.4 ONE disadvantage of using the equipment for the farmer It is expensive ✓ (1) 4.3.5 TWO advantages of artificial insemination • Decreases the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases ✓ • More female animals can be fertilised by superior male animals ✓ • It is a quick and economical way to improve the herd ✓ • Semen from males in other countries can be used ✓ • Semen of superior bulls can be used even after death ✓ • It improves the commercial value of the herd ✓ • Semen of multiple sires can be used without keeping and maintaining expensive bulls ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4 Embryo harvesting/flushing 4.4.1 Identification of the procedure Embryo harvesting/flushing ✓ (1) 4.4.2 Type of a cow where the procedure is performed Donor/superior cow ✓ (1) 4.4.3 Reason It possesses genetically superior desirable characteristics ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 11 4.4.4 ONE aim of embryo transplant/ET • To prevent extinction of valuable animals / increase the number of endangered species ✓ • To improve disease resistance by using embryos of superior animals that are resistant to certain diseases ✓ • To improve the growth rate and production yields ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 4.4.5 TWO disadvantages of the technique for the farmer • More expensive/labour intensive ✓ • Needs considerable skill and experience ✓ • Synchronisation of the recipient and donor can be difficult ✓ • Recipient cow may not become pregnant/abortion may occur ✓ • Recipients may not have a strong enough heat cycle to accept the insemination ✓ • There is a danger that recipients could abort the embryos ✓ • Time consuming (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.5 Flow of milk 4.5.1 Rearrangement of the steps with which the milk will flow • Alveolus ✓ • Milk ducts ✓ • Gland cistern ✓ • Teat cistern ✓ • Teat canal ✓ (5) 4.5.2 Milk let down process (a) TWO stimuli that initiate the process • Washing of the udder ✓ • Massage of the udder ✓ • Milking action ✓ • Appearance and sound of the milker ✓ • Seeing the calf ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) (b) Hormone involved Oxytocin ✓ (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over