AGR SCIENCES P1 GR12 MEMO SEPT2020 English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2020 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B √√ 1.1.2 D √√ 1.1.3 A √√ 1.1.4 C √√ 1.1.5 C √√ 1.1.6 B √√ 1.1.7 A √√ 1.1.8 D √√ 1.1.9 A √√ 1.1.10 B √√ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 None √√ 1.2.2 Both A and B √√ 1.2.3 B only √√ 1.2.4 A only √√ 1.2.5 A only √√ (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Maintenance ration √√ 1.3.2 Vaccination/immunisation √√ 1.3.3 Corpus luteum/yellow body √√ 1.3.4 Ejaculation √√ 1.3.5 Prolactin √√ (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Essential amino acids √ 1.4.2 Contagious/infectious √ 1.4.3 Di-oestrus √ 1.4.4 Vas deferens √ 1.4.5 Prolapse √ (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Alimentary canal of a farm animal 2.1.1 Indication of the age of animals Diagram A – Young animal/calf √ Diagram B – Adult animal √ (2) 2.1.2 Reason visible in diagram A and diagram B to justify the answer Diagram A  Presence of oesophageal groove √  Under-developed rumen/reticulum/omasum √  Fully developed abomasum √ (Any 1) (1) Diagram B  Rumination process/regurgitation √  Developed rumen/reticulum/omasum √ (Any 1) (1) 2.1.3 Identification of the processes Arrow A – Swallowing √ Arrow B – Regurgitation √ (2) 2.1.4 Explanation of the importance of regurgitation in digestion  Regurgitation breaks down food into smaller particles √ to increase the surface area for digestion √ (2) 2.1.5 Difference of part F/caeca with that of a pig  A pig has one caecum √ (1) 2.1.6 Identification of the letter  D√ (1) 2.2 Mineral deficiency symptoms/supplementation and type of animal Writing the missing information A – Calcium √ B – Iron √ C – Soil sods/injection √ D – Mineral lick √ (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) 2.3 Nutritional composition of feeds 2.3.1 Classification of feeds Concentrates √ (1) 2.3.2 TWO importance of feeding animals with concentrates  Provides energy and protein requirements of an animal √  Necessary for fattening/finishing animals √  For the production of protein rich products √  To balance roughage √  Essential for growth √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3 Identification of the feed (a) Wide nutritive ratio: Oat meal √ (b) Narrow nutritive ratio: Peanut oilcake meal √ (2) 2.3.4 Calculation of the ratio of each feed to get the 16% DP Ratio of oatmeal to peanut oilcake meal is 20 : 8 √ (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 2.4 2.4.1 Line graph Metabolic energy requirement of cows at different liveweight Metabolic energy requirement 70 60 50 40 (mj) 30 20 10 0 350 400 450 500 550 600 Liveweight of cows (g) Criteria/rubric/marking guideline  Correct heading √  X-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Live weight) √  Y-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Metabolic energy requirement) √  Line graph √  Accuracy √  Correct units (Mj/g) √ (6 x 1) (6) 2.4.2 Deduction of the trend of metabolic requirement per live weight of a cow  Metabolic energy requirement increases √with the increase in live weight √ (2) 2.4.3 Calculation of the metabolic energy requirement of a cow with a live weight of 400 kg in 5 days Metabolic energy requirement x number of days = 23 mJ/day x 5 days √ = 115 mJ √ (2) 2.4.4 TWO importance of calculating energy value of a feed  To determine animal’s diet √  To determine feeding standards √  To determine ration formulation √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Animal handling 3.1.1 Identification of the picture (a) Picture C √ (b) Picture D √ (c) Picture B/C √ (d) Picture A √ (4) 3.1.2 Indication of how the techniques are used (a) Hobbling – Tying an animal with a device such as rope to hamper its ability to walk √ (b) Immobilising – Put an electric current through their body to prohibit movement √ (2) 3.2 Factors to increase production 3.2.1 Indication of the production system  Intensive production system √ (1) 3.2.2 Identification of the factors to increase production A – General enterprise management √ B – Breeding/reproduction √ C – Nutrition/feeding √ (3) 3.2.3 ONE factor to increase production which is not illustrated  Environment √ (1) 3.2.4 Indication of the way farmers can address the environment  Provision of housing/shelter √ (1) 3.3 Animal behaviour 3.3.1 Type of animal showing the behaviour A – Pigs √ B – Cattle √ C – Poultry √ D – Sheep √ (4) 3.3.2 THREE signs of pigs under stress  Tail biting √  Ear biting √  Cannibalism √  Belly nibbling √  Snout rubbing √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 3.4 Life cycle of a parasite 3.4.1 Classification of the parasite – External parasite √ Name – Blowfly √ (2) 3.4.2 Type of an animal susceptible to the parasite  Wool sheep √ (1) 3.4.3 THREE stages of the life cycle of a parasite visible in the picture  Larvae √  Pupae √  Adult √ (3 x 1) (3) 3.4.4 ONE precautionary measure to prevent the infestation by the parasite.  Timing of shearing and crutching √  Clipping and cleaning of coat around the affected area √  Tail docking √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.5 Animal diseases 3.5.1 Disease that can be transmitted by each of the following methods (a) Transmitted by a bont tick – Heart water √ (b) Transmitted by contaminated shearing equipment ─ Lumpy wool √ (c) Ingesting eggs from feed contaminated with manure ─ Coccidiosis √ (d) Transmitted through inhalation – Bovine tuberculosis √ (4) 3.5.2 Indication of a non-infectious disease Anaemia √ (1) 3.6 Indication of where the practice to control disease is the role of state or the farmer 3.6.1 Application of prescribed medication Farmer √ (1) 3.6.2 Importation of vaccines State √ (1) 3.6.3 Ensuring proper sanitation in a milking parlour Farmer √ (1) 3.6.4 Export and import bans State √ (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 Reproductive system 4.1.1 Identification of the animal with the reproductive system  Cow √ (1) 4.1.2 TWO reasons visible to support the answer  Presence of ovary √  Presence of fallopian tubes √  Presence of cervix √  Presence of the vagina √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.1.3 Identification of the letter (a) D √ (b) C √ (c) B √ (3) 4.1.4 TWO hormones produced in part labelled D/ovary  Oestrogen √  Progesterone √ (2) 4.2 Infertility and sterility in bulls 4.2.1 Differentiation between sterility and infertility Sterility is the total loss of fertility √ and infertility is the temporal loss of fertility √ (2) 4.2.2 TWO congenital defects leading to sterility in bulls  Hypoplasia √  Cryptorchidism √  Hermaphroditism √  Sperm defects √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.3 TWO conditions that may cause inability of a bull to copulate  Injuries to the penis √  Defective penis/corkscrew/too short √  Poorly developed hind legs √  Diseases causing inflammation of the joints √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3 Semen collection, dilution and storage 4.3.1 TWO requirements for semen collection  Equipment must be sterile and readily available √  Bull must be clean during semen collection √  Collecting vial must be warmed to prevent damage to sperm cells caused by cold shock √  Area where semen is collected must be close to a laboratory √  Presence of a teaser bull √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3.2 Indication of the main purpose for diluting the semen  To increase the volume of the semen √ (1) 4.3.3 TWO advantages of storing semen for the farmer  Extending the productive life of superior bulls √  No need to keep and maintain expensive bulls √ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 4.4 Embryo Transplant/transfer 4.4.1 Re-arranging the steps to ensure successful embryo transfer  Treatment of the cow with the gonadotropin hormone   Semen is placed into the reproductive tract of a cow   Foley catheter is used to recover the embryo   Isolation and classification of the embryo   Transfer of embryo to the uterus of a cow √ (5) 4.4.2 TWO types of cows involved in embryo transplant  Donor √  Surrogate/recipient √ (2) 4.4.3 TWO disadvantages of the embryo transplant  It is expensive √  Requires skill and experience √  Synchronisation of the recipient and donor is difficult √  Donor may not become pregnant √  Recipient cow could abort √  Labour intensive √  Time consuming √  Decreases genetic variability √  Greater management demand √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.5 Normal lactation 4.5.1 Identification of the week when the cow reached her maximum production Week 8 √ (1) 4.5.2 TWO benefits of the milk produced within the first 3 days of parturition for the calf  It provides antibodies to increase the calf’s resistance to diseases √  Supplies nutrients to the calf √  Necessary for the normal growth, functioning and maturation of the alimentary canal √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.5.3 Explanation of the relationship between the percentage of butter fat content and quantity of milk produced When milk production reached its maximum during week 8 and decreased until week 42 √ butterfat content decreased at week 8 and increased until week 42. √ (2) 4.5.4 Period in lactating cow after 42 weeks Dry period √ (1) 4.5.5 Importance of dry period It gives the glandular tissue of the udder time to recover. √ (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over