AGRIC SCIENCES P2 QP GR12 SEPT2021 English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2021 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours This question paper consists of 14 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B. 2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. Start each question on a NEW page. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 6. Show ALL calculations, including formulae, where applicable. 7. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 D. 1.1.1 An Act of parliament that regulates employment contracts. A Labour Relations Act B Employment Equity Act C Basic Conditions of Employment Act D Occupational Health and Safety Act 1.1.2 The principle of management in which the manager checks whether results are achieved, and goals are reached. A Control B Planning C Organising D Directing 1.1.3 A risk management strategy ideal for an industry that is changing rapidly. A Insurance B Flexibility C Specialisation D Hedging 1.1.4 Products that are price inelastic in terms of demand: (i) Are luxury items (ii) Have no substitutes (iii) Take a large portion of the consumer’s budget (iv) Are necessary goods Choose the CORRECT combination: A (i), (ii) and (iii) B (i), (iii) and (iv) C (i), (ii) and (iv) D (ii), (iii) and (iv) 1.1.5 Which ONE of the following is not part of the marketing mix? A Processing B Product C Price D Place Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) 1.1.6 The following statements apply to eco-labelling: (i) Allows the consumers to see that the producer is using good agricultural practices (ii) It is used by organic farmers (iii) It is concerned with maximising profits (iv) It is a form of sustainable marketing Choose the CORRECT combination: A (i), (ii) and (iii) B (i), (iii) and (iv) C (i), (ii) and (iv) D (ii), (iii) and (iv) 1.1.7 … is not an example of an agricultural co-operative. A Purchasing co-operative B Production co-operative C Marketing co-operative D Supply co-operative 1.1.8 The idea that for any particular trait, a pair of alleles of each parent separates and only one allele from each parent passes to an offspring is Mendel's principle of: A Hybridisation B Independent assortment C Segregation D Dominance 1.1.9 Sex-linked traits are more common in males than in females, because … A all alleles on the X chromosome are dominant. B all alleles on the Y chromosome are recessive. C a recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male. D any allele on the Y chromosome will be co-dominant with the matching allele on the X chromosome. 1.1.10 A selection method that requires the most robust record-keeping regime for its successful implementation. A Progeny B Pedigree C Mass D Family (10 x 2) (20) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 1.2 Choose a term/phrase from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–H) next to question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 I. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 Responsible for quantitative A Multi segment marketing characteristics 1.2.2 Exist in a population when there are B Market segmentation many variations of a gene present 1.2.3 A marketing strategy where a C Cooperative marketing company tries to gain customers from more than one type of market from the same product and uses 1.2.4 Marketing of produce is based on a D Poly genes pool system 1.2.5 Effective combination and co- E Multiple alleles ordination of all resources to maximise profit F Management G Organising H Prepotency (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term next to the question numbers (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.3.1 A mechanism of inheritance in which two dominant alleles are both expressed fully in the phenotype 1.3.2 The reappearance of an ancestral characteristic in an organism after the characteristic has been absent for many generations 1.3.3 The net amount of cash and cash equivalents being transferred into and out of the business 1.3.4 An agreement between participants on the same side in a market to collectively raise, lower or stabilise prices 1.3.5 A document that provides an estimate of expected income and expenditure for a given period of time (5 x 2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) 1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in each of the following statements to make them TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question numbers (1.4.1–1.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.4.1 Mutation refers to differences that exist between individuals of the same species. 1.4.2 Marketing is the exchange of goods for cash. 1.4.3 Casual workers are employed to perform repetitive tasks on the farm. 1.4.4 A cash flow statement is a summary of the assets and liabilities of a business. 1.4.5 Net worth refers to money or equipment saved or accumulated by the farmer to use in the production process. (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING Start this question on a NEW page. 2.1 The table below shows the demand and supply of peaches. Price (R) Quantity supplied (kg) Quantity Demanded (kg) 7 80 30 6 70 45 5 60 60 4 50 75 3 40 90 2 30 105 1 20 120 2.1.1 Name the condition that exists in the market at R5. (1) 2.1.2 Deduce the law of supply from the table above. (2) 2.1.3 Give TWO factors that could have affected the demand of peaches in the table above. (2) 2.1.4 Draw a line graph to show the quantity of peaches demanded in the table above. (6) 2.2 A B 2.2.1 Provide a caption for the diagram above. (1) 2.2.2 Divide the diagram above into two sections by providing the labels A and B. (2) 2.2.3 Identify THREE marketing functions in the diagram above. (3) 2.2.4 Suggest TWO ways of making the process above more efficient. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) 2.3 Below are the different types of buyers on agricultural markets in South Africa. Retailers; Consumers, Food processing companies; Exporters and importers; Brokers Identify the type of buyers for each of the following: 2.3.1 Companies that buy and sell agricultural products in foreign markets. (1) 2.3.2 These agents work for commission on behalf of other participants. (1) 2.3.3 Individuals or companies that buy fresh and processed foods for final use. (1) 2.3.4 Enterprises that use agricultural commodities as raw materials. (1) 2.3.5 Intermediaries, which include supermarkets, who divide up large shipments of produce and sell them to end users. (1) 2.4 The image below shows a marketing channel that is popular with farmers. 2.4.1 Name the marketing channel illustrated above. (1) 2.4.2 Name the marketing system associated with the marketing channel. (1) 2.4.3 Justify the use of the marketing channel above by farmers by giving TWO reasons. (2) 2.4.4 List TWO other channels, except the one stated in QUESTION 2.4.1, that farmers can use to market produce. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 2.5 Entrepreneurs are individuals who are willing and able to convert a new idea into a successful business. To start new businesses, entrepreneurs need to develop a business plan. 2.5.1 Define the underlined phrase in the passage. (2) 2.5.2 Give TWO reasons why the document mentioned above is important. (2) 2.5.3 Give ONE entrepreneurial success factor. (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 A B 3.1.1 Define the term land. (2) 3.1.2 Identify TWO economic functions of land shown above. (2) 3.1.3 Give TWO economic characteristics of land as a production factor. (2) 3.1.4 Suggest TWO measures a farmer can take to improve the productivity of the land shown in B. (2) 3.2 From 1985 until 2009, 11 million labourers in agriculture died of HIV/Aids related diseases. Most of the victims were in their prime, that is 20-years of age. People in this age bracket should be economically active and producing at full capacity. 3.2.1 Identify the problem associated with labour described in the passage above. (1) 3.2.2 Recommend TWO measures farmers can take to reduce the threat of the problem mentioned above. (2) 3.2.3 State TWO other problems associated with labour in agriculture, that are not mentioned in the passage above. (2) 3.2.4 Give TWO strategies that can be employed by farmers to improve labour productivity. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 11 3.3 A farmer wants to go into tomato production. The farmer decided to draft the budget below to determine the viability of tomato production. Income Amount (R) 300 kg at R7,00/kg 2 100,00 Expenses Seed 100 Fertiliser and lime 700 Machinery fuel 600 Irrigation 450 Harvesting 100 Labour 300 Miscellaneous 200 Insurance 100 Profit/Loss ………. 3.3.1 Identify the budget shown above. (1) 3.3.2 Identify ONE variable cost from the budget shown above. (1) 3.3.3 Justify your answer to QUESTION 3.3.2 above. (2) 3.3.4 Calculate the profit/loss. (3) 3.3.5 Deduce with a reason whether this enterprise is viable. (2) 3.4 The table below shows a piece of a farm record. Asset Number Make Model Year Apple sorters and graders Brooder stoves Combines and threshers Corn pickers Cultivators Fertiliser and lime spreader Harrows – Disc Harrows – Spike tooth Harrows – Spring tooth Irrigation pump Incubators Tractors 3.4.1 Identify the farm record shown above. (1) 3.4.2 Motivate the importance of such records on farms. (1) 3.4.3 State the type of capital in the farm record above. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) 3.4.4 Identify the problem associated with capital that is unique to the type of capital above. (1) 3.4.5 Mention TWO methods that can be used to create capital. (2) 3.5 An orange juice manufacturing company has been in business for 30 years, as a result it has a highly skilled workforce. The challenge, however, is the aging equipment and increased competition from recently established companies. 3.5.1 Identify ONE internal and ONE external force affecting the company in the passage above. (2) 3.5.2 Identify the type of risk that is faced by this company due to the challenges mentioned above. (1) 3.5.3 Explain how the company’s internal and external forces lead to the risk mentioned in QUESTION 3.5.2. (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 13 QUESTION 4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 In pea plants, spherical seeds (R) are dominant over dented seeds (r). In a genetic cross a plant that is heterozygous for the seed shape trait is self- pollinated. 4.1.1 Use a punnet square to show the cross described above. (4) 4.1.2 Determine the genotypic ratio. (1) 4.1.3 Calculate the probability of spherical seeds being produced from the cross above. (3) 4.1.4 Deduce with a reason the type of dominance in the cross. (2) 4.1.5 Deduce whether the seed shape is a quantitative or qualitative characteristic. (1) 4.1.6 Motivate your answer to QUESTION 4.1.5 above. (1) 4.2 A B C D 4.2.1 Classify the mutations above as chromosomal or gene mutations. (1) 4.2.2 Identify the mutations B, C and D. (3) 4.2.3 The process shown above results in variation. Give TWO reasons why variation is important in agriculture. (2) 4.2.4 Give ONE example of a physical agent that can cause the changes depicted above. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) 4.3 A x B C 4.3.1 Identify animal C in the diagram above. (1) 4.3.2 Identify the breeding system depicted above. (1) 4.3.3 Motivate your answer to QUESTION 4.3.2 above. (2) 4.3.4 Describe TWO benefits of animal C, over animal A. (2) 4.3.5 Give TWO disadvantages of this breeding system. (2) 4.4 In the last 15 years, GM crop producing countries, have benefited from adoption of this new technology in the form of improved crop productivity, food security. The increased income to resource-poor farmers is a key benefit at the individual level, especially as most countries using this technology are in the developing world, including three African countries (South Africa, Burkina Faso and Egypt). Despite clear benefits to countries and farmers who grow GMOs, many people are concerned about suspected potential risks associated with GMOs. 4.4.1 Identify the plant improvement method described in the passage above. (1) 4.4.2 Give ONE advantage of this technology that is mentioned in the passage above. (1) 4.4.3 Give TWO advantages of the plant improvement method in QUESTION 4.4.1 over traditional methods. (2) 4.4.4 Describe TWO current applications of this technology in plants. (2) 4.4.5 Mention TWO human health risks of GMOs. (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over