Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P1 NSC November 2022 QP

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 NOVEMBER 2022 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consists of 11 pages Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 D  1.1.5 C  1.1.6 B  1.1.7 D  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 B  1.1.10 C  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 A only  1.2.3 None  1.2.4 None  1.2.5 Both A and B  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Passive absorption/diffusion  1.3.2 Quarantine/isolation  1.3.3 Adrenalin  1.3.4 Semen  1.3.5 Vagina  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Ideal/complete/egg  1.4.2 Knife/scalpel  1.4.3 Ectoderm  1.4.4 Mating/copulation  1.4.5 Mitosis  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Stomach compartments in farm animal 2.1.1 Naming the farm animal Cattle/sheep/goat  (1) 2.1.2 Identification of the letter (a) C  (1) (b) B  (1) 2.1.3 Justification of animal surviving on food poor in vitamins Stomach has rumen micro-organisms  that can synthesise vitamins  (2) 2.1.4 Letters indicating the sequence of feed flow B C A (3) 2.2 Nutrient deficiencies 2.2.1 Identification of the mineral deficient in C - Zinc/Zn  (1) D - Iron/Fe  (1) 2.2.2 Naming of the deficiency symptoms B - Osteomalacia/porous bones  (1) E - Goitre/enlarged thyroid gland  (1) 2.2.3 Classification of vitamin A Fat-soluble vitamin  (1) 2.2.4 TWO methods of supplementing vitamin deficiency in A  Injection   Dosing/water based vitamin A mixed with drinking water   Supplementing the ration  (Any 2) (2) 2.3 Digestibility co-efficiency trial 2.3.1 Type of farm animal Animal A - Non-ruminant/monogastric farm animal  (1) 2.3.2 Reason Feed is less digested/low digestibility co-efficient/stomach of the animal is not adaptable to digest crude fibre/simple stomach/13%/2 kg of the feed was digested and 87%/13 kg was excreted  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.3 TWO factors that have influenced digestibility of feed  Type/composition of feed   Type of animal   Individuality   Preparation of the feed   Age of the animal   Age of the plant   Quantity of feed consumed  (Any 2) (2) 2.3.4 TWO methods of improving digestibility of wheat straw  Pelleting   Supplementing/mixing with additives/molasses/urea/ ammonification   Grinding  (Any 2) (2) 2.4 Composition of a feed 2.4.1 Calculation of the nutritive ratio TDN = 55%+15%+5% = 75%  NR = 1: %TDN – %DP  %DP NR = 1: 75% – 15%  15% NR = 1:4  OR DNNS = 75% – 15% = 60%  NR = 1: %DNNS  %DP NR = 1: 60%  15% NR = 1:4  (4) 2.4.2 Suitability of feed Suitable for growth/production/reproduction  (1) 2.4.3 Reason High in protein/has a narrow nutritive ratio/less than 1:6  (1) 2.5 Energy flow 2.5.1 Name of the energy in C Net energy/NE  (1) 2.5.2 Function of energy represented by D Production/growth/reproduction/work  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.3 Calculation of digestible energy and energy lost through heat (a) Calculation of digestible energy Gross energy – energy lost in faeces = 1000 kJ – 150 kJ  = 850 kJ  (2) (b) Calculation of amount of energy lost through heat Metabolic energy – net energy = 800 kJ – 550 kJ  = 250 kJ  (2) 2.5.4 TWO aims of calculating the energy value of the feed  To determine the animal’s diet   To determine the feeding standards   To determine the ration formulation  (Any 2) (2) [35] QUESTION 3 : ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Temperature ranges and the expected growth rates 3.1.1 Identification of animals that need an environment with housing facilities - Pigs  (1) 3.1.2 Reason  Growth rate shows a substantial decrease with a slight decrease in temperature   Growth rate shows a substantial increase  with a slight increase in temperature  (Any 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.1.3 Line graph Growth rate of cows and pigs at different temperartures 140140 120120 Cows Pigs Growth rate (kg) 100100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Temperature (°C) CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINES  Correct heading   X-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Temperature)   Y-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Growth rate)   Line graph   Correct units (kg and °C)   Accuracy (80%+ correctly plotted)  (6) 3.2 Equipment in a broiler production unit 3.2.1 Indication of equipment (a) Insulation material on the roof  (1) (b) Electric heaters  (1) (c) Fans on the roof and walls/foldable curtains  (1) 3.3 Types of intensive chicken production systems 3.3.1 Identification of the types of intensive chicken production systems PICTURE A - Free range  (1) PICTURE B - Backyard  (1) 3.3.2 TWO factors leading to increased production other than nutrition  Environment   Reproduction/breeding   General enterprise management  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.4 Type of animal handled 3.4.1 Chicken/poultry/fowl  (1) 3.4.2 Sheep/goat  (1) 3.4.3 Pigs  (1) 3.5 Seasonal trends of parasite infestation 3.5.1 Identification of the season Summer  (1) 3.5.2 ONE possible reason for the higher parasite infestation  Conducive environmental conditions for parasites to breed   Poor herd management  (Any 1) (1) 3.5.3 TWO economic impacts of parasites  Stock losses   Loss of production/reproduction   Degrading of carcasses   Increased production costs   Loss of income/profit  (Any 2) (2) 3.5.4 TWO good herd management practices  Adequate feeding   Well planned health programme/chemical/biological control   Avoiding breeding places of parasites/wet areas   Practice rotational grazing   Avoid keeping animals in infested pens   Good clean/hygienic practices   Creating an environment for natural enemies   Using/selecting/breeding more resistant animals   Burning of veld and pasture fields  (Any 2) (2) 3.6 The life cycle of two different parasites 3.6.1 Classification of the parasite in DIAGRAM B Internal/endo parasite  (1) 3.6.2 Naming the parasites that are represented by DIAGRAM A - Tapeworm  (1) DIAGRAM B - Liver fluke/fluke worm  (1) 3.6.3 TWO biological measures of controlling liver fluke  Creating an environment for natural enemies   Introduction of dung beetles/micro-fungi   Breeding parasite resistant animals  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.7 Different symptoms of diseases that affect farm animals 3.7.1 Indication of diseases ANIMAL 1 - Anthrax  (1) ANIMAL 2 - Red water  (1) 3.7.2 Identification of the animal Animal 1  (1) 3.7.3 Indication of the animal with non-infectious disease Animal 2  (1) 3.7.4 Name of the vector Blue tick  (1) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The accessory sex glands 4.1.1 Prostate  (1) 4.1.2 Cowper’s glands  (1) 4.1.3 Seminal vesicle  (1) 4.2 Part of the reproductive system 4.2.1 Identify the following (a) Part I - Mid piece  (1) (b) Part H - Tail  (1) (c) Process taking place in 1 - Ovulation  (1) (d) Process taking place in 2 - Fertilization  (1) 4.2.2 The hormone responsible for the process in 1 to take place Luteinizing hormone/LH  (1) 4.2.3 ONE function of structure D  Produce female gametes/egg cells/ova/oogenesis/ ovigenesis   To produce female sex hormones  (Any 1) (1) 4.2.4 ONE function of fluid in B  Protects the embryo from injuries/shock absorber   Hydration/prevents dehydration/drying out of the foetus   Lubricates the birth canal during parturition   Thermo regulation   Prevents the embryo to attach to other tissues  (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.2.5 Description of how the acrosome enables sperm penetration Part F - Releases an enzyme  that break the egg wall for the sperm cell to enter  (2) 4.2.6 The process that leads to formation of the sperm cell Spermatogenesis  (1) 4.3 Artificial Insemination (AI) 4.3.1 The phase of oestrus during which AI could be performed Oestrus/met-oestrus  (1) 4.3.2 TWO methods to detect heat in cows  Chin ball marker   Tail chalking   Heat mount/watching detectors  Heat observation   Pedometer   Good record keeping   The use of teaser animals  (Any 2) (2) 4.3.3 TWO characteristics of good quality semen  Opaque/milky in colour   Sticky   Less than 15% dead sperm cells   No deformed sperm cells/deformities   No blood in semen   Healthy sperm cells   Viable sperm cells   High concentration of sperm cells  (Any 2) (2) 4.3.4 TWO disadvantages of AI  Spread of diseases if semen is not tested   Inexperience/unskilled operator may cause damage   Decreased genetic variation   Some heifers are difficult to inseminate successfully   May not give the desirable results   Higher management demands   Undesirable traits/congenital defects may be transferred to more offspring   Labour intensive   Time consuming   Expensive procedure   Difficult under extensive production systems  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.4 The different reproductive processes that occur in a dairy cow 4.4.1 Identification of curve A Lactation curve  (1) 4.4.2 Indication of the reproductive process and pregnancy stage (a) Months 3 to 12 - Pregnancy/gestation  (1) (b) Stage of the process - Foetal stage  (1) 4.4.3 Identification of the month Month 12  (1) 4.4.4 TWO causes of abortion  Malnutrition   Injuries   Hormonal disturbances/stress conditions   Toxins/poisonous substances/laxatives/allergies/ clovers high in oestrogen/immunization of pregnant animals   Diseases/infections/high fever   Multiple births   Genetic factors   Transportation/moving of pregnant animals   Embryo abnormalities  (Any 2) (2) 4.4.5 Reason for drying off pregnant lactating cows before the next lactation  For tissues in the mammary gland to recover   To store body reserves/to prepare for the next lactation   Supply the foetus with nutrients  (Any 1) (1) 4.5 Different techniques used in animal reproduction 4.5.1 Reproductive techniques  1 - Synchronization of oestrus  (1)  2 - Embryo transfer/ET  (1)  3 - Cloning/nuclear transfer  (1) 4.5.2 TWO hormones used in technique 1  Prostaglandin   Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)   Progestin (synthetic progesterone)   Oestradiol   MGA/Melengestrol acetate  (Any 2) (2) 4.5.3 Naming the two female animals in technique 2  Donor/superior cow   Recipient/inferior/surrogate cow  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 11 DBE/November 2022 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.5.4 The aim of cloning  To preserve/revive endangered species   Rapid increase of animals with superior genetic traits   For medical reasons   To preserve and extend superior genes   To create a replica/genetically identical organisms  (Any 1) (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved