Agricultural Sciences P1 May June 2021 MG Eng hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 2021 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 C  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 D  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 B  1.1.7 B  1.1.8 C  1.1.9 C  1.1.10 A  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 A only  1.2.3 Both A and B  1.2.4 None  1.2.5 B only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Concentrate  1.3.2 Crush/crush pen/race  1.3.3 Milk let down/milk ejection  1.3.4 Sperm cell/spermatozoon/male gamete/male sex cell  1.3.5 Embryo transfer/transplant/ET  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Thyroid regulators  1.4.2 Disinfecting/sanitising  1.4.3 Embryonic  1.4.4 Synchronisation of oestrus  1.4.5 Testis  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Alimentary canal of a farm animal 2.1.1 Name farm animal Pig  (1) 2.1.2 Motivation The animal has a simple/single/monogastric stomach  (1) 2.1.3 Justification of the digestion in the mouth of a pig Physical - Food is broken down by the teeth into smaller particles  (1) Chemical - Salivary amylase in the mouth breaks down starch in food into maltose  (1) 2.1.4 Identification of the part by indicating the letter (a) B  (1) (b) D  (1) (c) A  (1) 2.1.5 Indication of the part in ruminant animals corresponding to part D in terms of functioning Abomasum  (1) 2.2 Components of feed 2.2.1 TWO roles of water/moisture in digestion  Acts as a solvent for dissolving substances in the body   Softens/moistens food   Facilitating enzymatic digestion   Medium through which waste products are excreted   Transports nutrients through the digestive tract  (Any 2) (2) 2.2.2 Identification of the component (a) Zinc  (1) (b) Vitamin K  (1) (c) Phosphorus  (1) 2.2.3 Indication of the component that is (a) Fat soluble - Vitamin K  (1) (b) Water soluble - Vitamin B1  (1) 2.3 Digestibility of feed 2.3.1 Calculation of the digestibility coefficient of feed in animal B DC = Dry material intake (kg) – Dry mass of manure (kg) x 100  Dry material intake (kg) = 12 kg – 7 kg x 100  12 kg 1 = 41,6/42  %  (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.2 TWO animal related factors having an influenced on the digestibility of the feed given to ANIMAL A and ANIMAL B  Individuality   Age of animal   Production  (Any 2) (2) 2.3.3 TWO methods to increase digestibility of feed in ANIMAL B  Grinding/milling   Pelleting   Boiling   Crushing   Soaking   Popping and micronizing   Dry rolling and cracking   Roasting   Mixing with molasses   Cutting hay at an early stage  (Any 2) (2) 2.4 Nutritive ratio 2.4.1 Calculation of the Nutritive Ratio Nutritive ratio = 1 : %TDN – %DP  OR NR = 1 : %DNNS  %DP %DP = 1 : 50% – 5%  = 1 : 45%  5% 5% =1:9 =1:9 (3) 2.4.2 The suitability of the feed Suitable for fattening/not suitable for growth/production  (1) 2.4.3 Reason  Less protein   NR is wide/more carbohydrates than protein  (Any 1) (1) 2.4.4 Classification of the feed Roughage  (1) 2.4.5 ONE advantage of feeding the lamb with the feed  To stimulate the development of the rumen   Adds volume required for ruminant digestion  (Any 1) (1) 2.5 Fodder flow programme 2.5.1 Calculation of the total feed required by animals in month 6 (tons) Total feed required = 9,5 kg x 50 x 30 = 14 250 kg  = 14 250 kg  1 000 = 14,25 tons  (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.2 Deduction of the problem of fodder flow programme Shortage/deficit of feed during month 5/6  (1) 2.5.3 Reason Supply is 12 tons in month 5 and 4 tons in month 6 while the requirement is 13,5 and 14,25 tons respectively/feed available is less than feed required  (1) [35] QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Production system in cattle 3.1.1 Production system Extensive  (1) 3.1.2 TWO reasons to justify the answer in Question 3.1.1  Kept on a natural veld   Unit area is vast per animal/large space fewer animals   Lack of shelter/protection   Animals fend for themselves  (2) 3.1.3 Comparison between the TWO production systems (a) Production output per unit area  Intensive: High  (1)  Extensive: Low  (1) (b) Disease transmission  Intensive: High  (1)  Extensive: Less  (1) 3.2 Equipment and techniques in the handling of farm animals 3.2.1 Association of tools A - E with the techniques (a) – (e) (a) C  (1) (b) D  (1) (c) A  (1) (d) E  (1) (e) B  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.2 TWO other reasons for handling animals  Transportation   General examination   Pregnancy diagnosis   Weighing   Control external parasites/dipping/foot bathing   Age determination   Dehorning   Hoof trimming   Artificial insemination   Production purposes   Slaughtering   Selection   Weaning   Feeding   Docking   Evaluation and classification   Generation of data  (Any 2) (2) 3.3 Farm animal behaviour 3.3.1 Identification of the behaviour by farm animals Fright/frightened/animals scared/aggression/pushing  (1) 3.3.2 Cause of the behaviour by animals (a) Poor depth perception  (1) (b) Heat stress  (1) (c) Flocking habit  (1) 3.4 Parasites in livestock 3.4.1 Classification of the type of parasite Ecto/external parasites  (1) 3.4.2 Month with the highest infestation September  (1) 3.4.3 Deduction on the rate of infestation by the blowfly on both ewes and lambs during (a) May - Ewes are more infested than lambs/ 4 000 ewes and 1 000 lambs  (1) (b) August - Ewes are less infested than lambs/ 6 000 ewes and 8 000 lambs  (1) 3.4.4 Financial implication to the farmer  Loss of production/stock   Loss of profit/income/high costs of treatment  (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.4.5 ONE preventative measure to reduce blowfly strike  Shear whilst still cool for the blowfly not to survive/correct time of shearing   Docking of the tails   Treat diarrhoea   Avoid/treat open wounds   Separate rams to avoid fighting   Crouching of wet soiled areas   Controlling of flies   Breeding resistant animals  (Any 1) (1) 3.5 Animal diseases 3.5.1 Identification of the pathogen A and B A - Bacteria  (1) B - Protozoon  (1) 3.5.2 Transmission mode of the virus in D Infected saliva through biting  (1) 3.5.3 Vector for the viral disease in E Mosquitoes  (1) 3.5.4 Advice to the farmer to control the spread of the disease in E  Destroy the vector at the breeding place/spraying/  Destroy infected animals   Vaccination   Isolation   Awareness campaigns  (Any 1) (1) 3.5.5 TWO control measures by the state  Culling/killing of infected animals   Eradication programs set into place   Quarantining/isolation   Import and export bans  (Any 2) (2) 3.6 Animal poisoning 3.6.1 Type of poisoning Salt poisoning  (1) 3.6.2 Identification of the source of poisoning Sodium chloride/NaCl  (1) 3.6.3 ONE treatment measure if animals get the form of poisoning  Removal of the source of salts   Provision of fresh clean water in smaller quantities   Supplying water through a stomach tube for severe cases   Treating animals with hypertonic dextrose/isotonic/ saline solution  (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.6.4 Preventative measure of this form of poisoning  Supply clean fresh water   Do not deprive animals of salt for too long/ avoid craving for salt   Supply acceptable quantities of salt/ no free access to abundant supply of salt  (1) (Any 1) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 Reproductive systems of animals 4.1.1 Identification of the diagram Diagram A  (1) 4.1.2 ONE reason visible from the DIAGRAM A  Presence of an ovary   Presence of uterus   Presence of Cervix   Presence of vagina   Presence of fallopian tube  (Any 1) (1) 4.1.3 Naming of the parts C - Cervix  (1) G - Cowper’s/bulbo-urethral glands  (1) 4.1.4 Function of part B and F B - Where the zygote is implanted and develops  (1) F-  Fluid provides nutrients to the sperm cells   Protect semen against pH changes   Helps to keep semen fertile and healthy   Improves mobility of the spermatozoa  (Any 1) (1) 4.1.5 Identification of part where gametes are formed in diagram B E (1) 4.2 Mating 4.2.1 Stages of mating in their chronological order  A bull shows interest in cow   Bull stands on his rear leg, rests on the rear end of the cow   A bull gains intromission into the vagina   Semen is released into the vagina  (4) 4.2.2 Indication of the stage not listed Dismounting  (1) 4.2.3 Hormone regulating mating behaviour in bulls Testosterone  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.3 Levels of hormones in a pregnant cow 4.3.1 Identification of the letter representing hormones (a) B  (1) (b) A  (1) 4.3.2 Indication of oestrus stage (a) Between day 2 and 6 - Pro-oestrus  (1) (b) At day 14 - Oestrus  (1) 4.3.3 Reason to justify that the cow is pregnant Oestrogen level dropped  progesterone level is increasing and maintained  (2) 4.3.4 Stage in the reproductive cycle after 282 days after insemination Parturition/calving  (1) 4.4 Milk yield in lactating cows 4.4.1 Bar graph on milk yield in lactating cows Milk yield of two groups of lactating cows over a period of 25 30 weeks Group 1 Group 2 25 Milk yield (litres) 20 15 10 5 0 Week 5 Week 10 Week 15 Week 20 Week 25 Time (weeks) Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines  Correct heading   X-axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Time)   Y-axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Milk yield)   Correct units (litres and weeks)   Combined bar graph   Accuracy  (6) 4.4.2 Comparison of the milk yield in both groups over the weeks  Group 1 - Milk yield increased and then it decreased  (1)  Group 2 - Milk yield increased and then it stabilised  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.5 Artificial Insemination 4.5.1 Indication of the function of the equipment Picture A - Depositing semen into the reproductive tracts of a cow  Picture B - Storage of semen  (2) 4.5.2 Indication of where the equipment is placed during AI Cervix/uterus  (1) 4.5.3 TWO basic requirements for storage of semen  Semen be stored at 5 °C for shorter periods   Semen stored for longer periods must be frozen in liquid nitrogen at –196 °C   Semen must be stored in polyvinyl straws   End of straws be sealed to prevent entering of liquid nitrogen   Straws be labelled for identification  (Any 2) (2) 4.5.4 TWO challenges of using the equipment  Expensive   Needs expert knowledge on how to handle   Correct handling and maintenance  (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over