Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC June 2025 Memo (English)

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY P1 MAY/JUNE 2025 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 12 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES FOR MARKING GEOGRAPHY- NSC NOVEMBER 2024 AND SC/NSC JUNE 2025 The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. MARKING • ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect • Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an M over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved. • Where a correct fact has been mentioned more than once in a specific response • A clear, neat tick must be used:  R o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used:  o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used:  o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place • Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross:  o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts For the following action words, ONE-word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give NOTE THE FOLLOWING • If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed candidates can be credited • Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct. • Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way • In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer- award marks. • There will be additional guidelines for the marking of certain questions. TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS • Each sub-question must be totalled o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub- section and underlined o Sub-totals must be written legibly o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels • Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number • Transfer total to cover of answer book Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 30 QUESTION 1 1.1.1 A (South Atlantic High) (1)  1.1.2 B (Kalahari High) (1)  1.1.3 B (South Indian) (1)  2 1.2.1 Melting snow  1.2.2 Mouth  1.2.3 Third order  2 1.3.1 Katabatic  1.3.2 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night  1.3.3 into the valley and forms an inversion Cold air rolls down  Air flows downslope 6 1.4.1 Shape of front concave  Steep gradient of front  1.4.2 Warm air undercuts the cold air    1.4.3 Air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches up with the warm front. 7 1.5.1 (a) A river that only flows all year round  (b) The river channel is wide    (c) Regularity of rainfall and the soil type over which the streams flow. 1.5.2  Gauteng and the EasternCape 1.5.3 The cost of food production will increase at it is costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy morechemicals to purify water. Chemicals cost a lot  and this will increase production costs. It will be costly to purify water for use in electricity generation. These costs M will be included in electricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during production. There will be less clean water to generate hydro- electricity. 13 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 1.1.1 A (1) 1.1.2 C (1) 1.1.3 C (1) 1.1.4 A (1) 1.1.5 D (1) 1.1.6 C (1) 1.1.7 D (1) 1.1.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 Z (1) 1.2.2 Y (1) 1.2.3 Y (1) 1.2.4 Y (1) 1.2.5 Y (1) 1.2.6 Z (1) 1.2.7 Y (1) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3 1.3.1 Eastwards (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 The mid-latitude cyclone is steered by the westerlies (2) Why in this This cyclone occurs in the westerly wind belt (2) direction [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 The cold air undercuts the warm air (2) Account for heavy The warm air is rapidly uplifted (along the cold front) (2) rainfall at Results in rapid cooling of air (2) A as cold front (Vertical) condensation takes place (2) approach Formation of cumulonimbus clouds (2) es [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.4 WEATHER CONDITIONS Paragraph Explain Heavy rainfall/thunderstorms how different Strong/gusty winds weather Snow conditions associated Low temperatures with a cold front have Lightning a negative impact on Overcast conditions tourists in Frontal fog/mist the W Cape Hail F+Q [MUST BE LINKED TO AN IMPACT] NEGATIVE IMPACT Outdoor activities being cancelled (accept examples) (2) Tourist destinations inaccessible (accept examples) (2) Prevent marine craft going out to sea suspending tourist activities (accept examples) (2) Flooding of tourist attractions/coastal areas (accept examples) (2) Suspend flights leading to tourists suffering financial losses (2) Transport routes to tourist destinations dangerous (accept examples) (2) Outdoor activities dangerous for tourists (accept examples) (2) Tourists get sick (2) Poor visibility increases accidents for tourists (2) Mass movements (accept examples) will be dangerous for tourists (2) Power outages may affect accommodation facilities(accept examples) (2) (8) [ANY FOUR- WEATHER CONDITIONS AND IMPACTS] (4 x 2) [IF ONLY QUALIFIERS ARE MENTIONED NO MARKS ARE AWARDED] INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Heavy rainfall/thunderstorms (1) Strong/gusty winds (1) Snow (1) Low temperatures (1) Lightning (1) Overcast conditions (1) Frontal fog/mist (1) Hail (1) [MAXIMUM OF FOUR MARKS] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4 1.4.1 Clockwise circulation (of air around the eye) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Eye (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 (Upper air) Convergence/accumulation of air above the eye (2) Why does air A pressure gradient is created (higher pressure above the eye) (2) subside Air above the eye is cold and dense (2) in area A [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.4 (1) (1 x 1) (1) [ROTATION MUST BE CLOCKWISE] 1.4.5 Rapid evaporation/upliftment of warm air over warm oceans (2) Explain the Intense updrafts/convection currents/strong pressure gradient occurs at formation B (2) of high- density Rapid cooling of air (2) clouds at This will favour rapid (vertical) condensation (2) B [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.6 Coastal erosion (accept examples) would take place (2) Describe the Soil erosion would occur on the land (2) natural Mass movements (accept examples) change the landscape (2) (physical) environ- Reshaping of the coastline (2) mental Habitats would be destroyed (accept examples) (2) damage associated Food chains/Food webs are destroyed (accept examples) (2) with Biodiversity would be diminished (accept examples) (2) torrential rainfall as Contamination of water sources (accept examples) (2) it moves Silting up of rivers (2) over land Increased leaching of nutrients (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 1.5.1 Hot dry winds that blows from the interior (down the escarpment) to the What are berg coast (2) winds [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) ACCEPT Hot, dry winds (1) Blows from the interior (down the escarpment) to the coast (1) 1.5.2 (Kalahari) High-pressure cell (1) State TWO Coastal low- pressure cell (1) (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.3 It undergoes heating caused by the adiabatic process (1) Why does It heats up by approximately 1 °C per 100 metres as it descends (1) temp [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) increase from Jhb- Durban Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.4 35 °C (2) (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.5 Higher air temperatures (2) Why is the threat Greater amount of evaporation/dries out vegetation (2) of wildfires Low relative humidity (dry air) increases the possibility of fires (2) greater in More human activities (accept examples) occur that can start a fire (2) the day with berg [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) winds? 1.5.6 Dry (windy) conditions damage crops/pastural land (2) Explain why Dry (windy) conditions cause soil erosion (2) berg High temperatures cause livestock/crops to wither/die (2) winds are Strong winds fan fires that destroy farm land/infrastructure (2) associated Wildfires associated with berg winds kill livestock/damage crops (2) with lower High temperatures cause heat stress which reduces workers productivity agricultural productivity (2) on farms Increased evaporation reduces soil moisture content (2) F+Q [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) [IF ONLY QUALIFIERS ARE MENTIONED NO MARKS ARE AWARDED] INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Dry (windy) conditions (1) High temperatures (1) Strong winds (1) Development of wildfires (1) Increased evaporation (1) [60] [MAXIMUM OF TWO MARKS] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 A (1) 2.1.2 C (1) 2.1.3 B (1) 2.1.4 A (1) 2.1.5 A (1) 2.1.6 C/D (1) 2.1.7 C (1) 2.1.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2 2.2.1 Z (1) 2.2.2 Z (1) 2.2.3 Y (1) 2.2.4 Z (1) 2.2.5 Z (1) 2.2.6 Y (1) 2.2.7 Z (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.3 2.3.1 Deposition (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Both branch off into smaller channels (2) State ONE Both have sand islands (2) physical Velocity of the river is low (2) similarity between Shallow stream channel (2) braided Both have a wide river channel (2) streams and Both rivers experience laminar flow (2) deltas [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.3 The gradient is gentle (2) Give TWO Speed of the river decreases (2) reasons Lower carrying capacity of the water (2) why braided (Increased) deposition/bedload (2) streams Laminar flow dominates (2) are common Wider stream channel (2) in the Shallow stream channels (2) lower course [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.4 Less silt/sediment deposited (2) Why do deltas Strong ocean currents/tidal action (2) not form Some rivers have a steep gradient at the mouth (2) in all rivers Deep continental shelf (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5 They provide fertile soil for crop farming (2) Explain why Flat land allows for use of machinery (2) deltas are suitable Access to water supply from the distributaries for irrigation (2) for Distributaries create transport routes for farming products (2) agriculture F+Q [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) [IF ONLY QUALIFIERS ARE MENTIONED NO MARKS ARE AWARDED] INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Fertile soil (1) Flat land (1) Water supply (1) Transport routes (1) [MAXIMUM OF TWO MARKS] 2.4 2.4.1 River cutting/eroding backwards through the watershed (2) Headward erosion Erosion towards the source (2) River lengthening from the source (2) [CONCEPT- ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 The steeper gradient (1) ONE factor to promote Flowing at a lower level (1) headward erosion [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 It has captured the headwaters of stream B (2) (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.4 After the elbow of capture there is less water flowing/reduced carrying River gravels in capacity (2) wind gap Sediment is deposited (2) (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Erosion will increase (2) Explain how the Vertical erosion will increase (2) fluvial Lateral erosion will increase (2) processes change Transportation will increase (2) in Deposition will decrease (2) stream A after [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) river capture Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5 2.5.1 Mining chemicals (accept examples from the extract) (1) TWO ways in Mining waste (1) which Mine dumps (1) mines pollute Surface runoff (1) Seepage from mine dumps (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.2 'stomach illnesses' (1) Quote 'increased cancer risk' (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 It (river system) could become polluted (2) Explain the The pH level could change/acid/poisonous (accept examples) (2) negative Eutrophication occurs/More algae in the water (2) impact of Water quality will decrease (2) mining Reduces river’s carrying capacity (2) on the river Biodiversity is diminished (2) system Food chains/food webs are destroyed (2) Habitats are destroyed (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.4 Employ environmental officers (2) Improved waste management (accept examples) (2) PARAGRAPH Suggest measures that Maintain/improve mining infrastructure (accept examples) (2) mining Implement monitoring/testing (2) companies can Develop treatment technologies (accept examples) (2) implement to Neutralise the acidic water (2) manage Use of biodegradable (less harmful) chemicals (2) the impact Rehabilitate mine dumps (accept examples) (2) of water Buffer areas to protect rivers (accept examples) (2) pollution on rivers Access to medical assistance (2) and Educate workers/community (accept examples) (2) humans Awareness campaigns (accept examples) (2) Build slimes dam to pump water in (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 11 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1 3.1.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 Actual distance = Map distance x Map scale length of dam wall 0,6 (1) cm x 500 (Range 0,5 - 0,7) cm (m) = 300 m (1) (Range 250m – 350m) (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 24 x 9' = 216 '/3º 36' (1) Magnetic declination 21º 43' + (1) 3º 36' 25º 19' West of True North (1) (3 x 1) (3) 3.1.5 Rough cross- section from 6 to 7 on the orthophoto map 1 mark for convex slope 1 mark for concave slope (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.6 There is a convex slope (1) No Intervisi- (Accept: there is an obstruction/crest) (1) bility [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2 3.2.1 Katabatic (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Cold air sinks downslope (2) (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 (a) 8 (1) (1 x 1) (1) Give evidence (b) It is a built-up area (2) for the It is made up of artificial surfaces/less vegetation (accept examples) (2) low rate of Drainage (infrastructure) channels water away (2) evaporation [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) in this area 3.2.4 It was declared a nature reserve (2) It was declared a protected area/ buffering of area (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 12 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.5 (a) Meander (1) (1 x 1) (1) (b) Inner (bank) (1) (1 x 1) (1) (c) Deposition takes place (2) (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 3.3.1 Different data layers of information (with specific themes) placed on top of Data layering one another (2) [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 Transport/Roads/Bridge (1) TWO infra- Buildings (1) structural layers Dam wall (accept perennial water/dam) (1) Communication Tower (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 3.3.3 Collection of information of the earth from a (vertical) distance (without Define remote any contact with the earth) (2) sensing [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 Able to source information from inaccessible areas (accept examples) (2) How would Rescue efforts will be prompt (accept examples) (2) remote Emergency personnel would be able to take less risks (2) sensing assist Continual monitoring would lead to effective action (2) the Information will be updated regularly (2) towns emergency Identify areas at high risk of flooding (2) personnel in the Put in place early warning system (2) event of [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) the Bushman’s river flooding TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved