Geography Grade 12 Paper 2 NSC June 2025 Memo (English)

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY P2 MAY/JUNE 2025 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 13 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES FOR MARKING GEOGRAPHY- NSC NOVEMBER 2024 AND SC/NSC JUNE 2025 The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. MARKING • ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect • Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an M over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved. • Where a correct fact has been mentioned more than once in a specific response • A clear, neat tick must be used:  R o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used:  o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used:  o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place • Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross:  o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts For the following action words, ONE-word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give NOTE THE FOLLOWING • If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed candidates can be credited • Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct. • Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way • In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer- award marks. • There will be additional guidelines for the marking of certain questions. TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS • Each sub-question must be totalled o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub- section and underlined o Sub-totals must be written legibly o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels • Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number • Transfer total to cover of answer book Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 30 QUESTION 1 1.1.1 A (South Atlantic High) (1) 1.1.2 B (Kalahari High) (1)  1.1.3 B (South Indian) (1)  2 1.2.1 Melting snow 1.2.2 Mouth  1.2.3 Third order  2 1.3.1 Katabatic 1.3.2 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night  1.3.3 into the valley and forms an inversion Cold air rolls down  Air flows downslope 6 1.4.1 Shape of front concave  Steep gradient of front  1.4.2 Warm air undercuts the cold air    1.4.3 Air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches up with the warm front. 7 1.5.1 (a) A river that only flows all year round (b) The river channel is wide    (c) Regularity of rainfall and the soil type over which the streams flow. 1.5.2  Gauteng and the EasternCape 1.5.3 The cost of food production will increase at it is costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy more chemicals to purify water. Chemicals cost a lot  and this will increase production costs. It will be costly to purify water for use in electricity generation. These costs M will be included in electricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during production. There will be less clean water to generate hydro- electricity. 13 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT 1.1 1.1.1 Z (1) 1.1.2 Y (1) 1.1.3 Y (1) 1.1.4 Z (1) 1.1.5 Y (1) 1.1.6 Z (1) 1.1.7 Y (1) 1.1.8 Y (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 C (1) 1.2.2 B (1) 1.2.3 D (1) 1.2.4 B (1) 1.2.5 B (1) 1.2.6 C (1) 1.2.7 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3 1.3.1 ' The progress made is better than what politicians claim' (1) (1 x 1) (1) Quote from extract 1.3.2 Land restitution (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Willing-buyer-willing-seller (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 Sellers want exorbitant amounts of money for their land (2) Describe Buyers/Government do not have the budgets to buy the land (accept challenges associated examples) (2) with land It is a long and drawn-out process (accept examples) (2) redistribution principle Legal costs are expensive (accept examples) (2) Seller not getting a fair price for their land (2) Seller reluctant to sell their land (accept examples) (2) Corruption with regards to the process (accept examples) (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 There would be legal disputes between different groups of people Explain (accept examples) (2) TWO social People don't have the necessary documentation (accept examples) factors that (2) delay land Poverty will create challenges for people (accept examples) (2) restitution in SA Lack of formal education (accept examples) (2) Cultural values will hamper land exchange (accept examples) (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.6 Landownership creates access to finance/loans (2) Suggest There will be a shift to commercial farming (accept examples) (2) how land reform can Employment opportunities will be created (accept examples) (2) provide Improves financial stability (accept examples) (2) economic Reduced food prices for locals (accept examples) (2) security in rural areas Increase in multiplier effect/buying power (accept examples) (2) Promotes infrastructure development (accept examples) (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4 1.4.1 Land in an urban area that is used for a specific purpose/function (2) [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Different land-use zones have different requirements (accept Why do examples) (2) different land-use Not all urban functions are compatible (2) zones [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) occur? 1.4.3 Close to a greenbelt (1) Give TWO factors in Close to the rural-urban fringe (1) sketch map Away from the heavy industrial zone (1) that influenced Away from the CBD/transition zone (1) location of [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) high-income area Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4.4 (a) Located at the edge of the CBD (1) State ONE Fragmented/irregular shape (accept examples) (1) characteristic of transition High land values (1) zone B Mixed land-use (1) Graffiti on the walls (1) Social ills (accept examples) (1) Old/dilapidated buildings (1) Influx of foreigners/illegal immigrants (1) Influx of students (1) Poor infrastructure (accept examples) (1) Informal traders/hawkers (1) High level of pollution (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) Why does the transition (b) Area taken over by functions of the CBD (2) zone not Invasion and succession (accept examples) (2) completely surround [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) land-use zone A 1.4.5 Urban sprawl is contained (2) What is the Increases oxygen levels (2) importance of green Decreases carbon dioxide levels (2) belts in Reduces pollution (accept examples) (2) urban Natural habitats are maintained (accept examples) (2) settlements Biodiversity is increased (accept examples) (2) Creates a buffer between land-use zones (2) Natural food chains/food webs/ecosystems are maintained (2) Decreases the heat island effect/temperatures (2) Increases aesthetic appeal (accept examples) (2) Increases property value (2) Acts as flood control (2) Provides recreational areas (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.6 ADVANTAGE Why is the Shorter distance to employment (2) location of low-income Lower transport costs (2) residential Industry provides goods (2) area an Employment opportunities (2) advantage and Access to services from industrial area (accept examples) (2) disadvantage Cheap land values/cheaper housing (2) for Close to a greenbelt (accept examples) (2) residents of this area DISADVANTAGE (refer to High levels of pollution (accept examples) (2) sketch) A relocation threat due to expansion (of industrial area) (2) Lack of aesthetic appeal (accept examples) (2) [ANY TWO - MUST MENTION ONE ADVANTAGE AND ONE DISADVANTAGE] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5 1.5.1 83 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Workers arrive late/decrease in production (2) How does Loss of jobs/reduction in salary (2) traffic congestion Deliveries are delayed (accept examples) (2) negatively Decrease in available market (2) impact the Decrease in profits (accept examples) (2) economy of city of CT Businesses may close (accept examples) (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.3 It becomes more expensive/not affordable (accept examples) (2) Why would the Preference for private transport (accept examples) (2) improvement It may not service/reach all areas (2) in public transport not [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) benefit all commuters 1.5.4 (Construct) ring roads (2) PARAGRAPH (Construct) bypass roads (2) Suggest (Create) One-way streets (2) infrastructural developments Synchronise traffic lights (2) associated Dedicated lanes (accept examples) (2) with roads that the Directional lane changes (accept examples) (2) municipality Increase the number of lanes (accept examples) (2) of CT can put in place to Efficient road maintenance (accept examples) (2) reduce traffic Automated sensor traffic lights (accept examples) (2) congestion Improve / redesign intersections/traffic circles (2) (Display) electronic signage (accept examples) (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA 2.1 2.1.1 D (1) 2.1.2 A (1) 2.1.3 B (1) 2.1.4 B (1) 2.1.5 D (1) 2.1.6 C (1) 2.1.7 A (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2 2.2.1 Light (1) 2.2.2 Market orientated (1) 2.2.3 Ubiquitous (1) 2.2.4 Heavy (1) 2.2.5 Raw material orientated (1) 2.2.6 Footloose (1) 2.2.7 Break- of- bulk- point (1) 2.2.8 Light (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.3 2.3.1 Gauteng (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Less land available (accept examples) (2) Give a Poor grazing land (accept examples) (2) reason for the low [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) production 2.3.3 Difference in commercial and subsistence farming (2) Suggest Cultural practices (accept examples) (2) TWO human- Different breeding management programs (2) made Amount of cattle used for production of milk (2) factors that Difference in urban population (2) caused a difference Human preference for beef (2) in the Difference in education/skills (accept examples) (2) amount of [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) beef production Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.4 Contributes to the GDP (accept examples) (2) PARAGRAPH Explain the Stimulates the export trade (accept examples) (2) importance of the Enables foreign capital to flow into the country (2) contribution of Supplies the domestic market (accept examples) (2) beef production to Provides employment (accept examples) (2) the SA economy Supplies raw materials (accept examples) (2) Reduces beef imports/food security (2) Stimulates the tertiary sector/multiplier effect (accept examples) (2) Stimulates the growth of rural areas (2) Develops infrastructure (accept examples) (2) New skills are developed (accept examples) (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) 2.4 2.4.1 9,8 (%) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 It creates formal employment (2) How does Multiplier effect (2) foreign investment It increases industrial development (accept examples) (2) increase It increases production of goods (2) the SW Increases the amount of services (2) Cape’s contribution It increases development in infrastructure (2) to the GDP Skills development/education (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.3 Agricultural products are available (accept examples) (2) Why is Availability of raw materials (accept examples) (2) investment in light Development of link industries (accept examples) (2) industries [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) common 2.4.4 Improves the standard of living (accept examples) (2) How does the creation of It relieves poverty (accept examples) (2) jobs in the SW Cape impact Allows for upskilling (2) positively on Reduces crime (2) the people of the region [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 ROADS AND HARBOURS Explain the positive Transportation of raw materials (2) impact of Transportation of finished goods (2) road infrastructure Suitable locations for break-of-bulk-industries (2) and harbours Facilitate the bulk export/import of goods (accept examples) (2) on the industrial growth ROADS Facilitate the transport of workers (2) Dense network of roads increase accessibility (2) HARBOURS Container facilities for storage (2) [ANY TWO - MUST EXPLAIN A FACTOR ON THE ROAD AND THE HARBOUR] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 10 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5 2.5.1 '… there are over two million informal businesses' (1) '… informal sector accounts for more than 50% of the workforce' (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Products are cheaper (in the informal sector) (2) Products are more expensive (in the formal sector) (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.3 Quality of life improves (accept examples) (1) Give TWO Improves standard of living (1) ways in which It provides them with employment (1) informal Decreases poverty (1) trading has Access to services/facilities (1) a positive social Reduces crime (1) impact on Convenient (1) the lives of [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) people 2.5.4 They lack the capacity to create jobs (2) Why is the gov forced to use Unable to attract enough foreign investment (accept examples) (2) trade in the informal sector Limited budget to create formal employment (accept examples) (2) to address Number of people looking for jobs exceeds the availability of jobs unemployment (2) Many people lack education/skills for formal jobs (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Limited access to basic facilities (accept examples) (2) Describe the poor Located in high crime areas (accept examples) (2) conditions Adverse weather conditions (accept examples) (2) under which informal Harassed by the authorities (accept examples) (2) traders work Limited access to basic services (accept examples) (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.6 Formal businesses would have less profits/close (accept Explain the examples) (2) negative economic Results in decreased employment opportunities (in formal impact of businesses sector) (2) the The tax base of the country would be reduced (accept examples) increasing number of (2) informal Budgets for government sectors would decrease (2) traders in Increased purchase of cheap/counterfeit goods (2) SA [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 11 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1 3.1.1 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 VI = 209 – 204 = 5 (1) m Av gradient HE = 10,3 x 100 = 1030 (1) m 5 1030 (1) (correct substitution) = 1 : 206 (1) (4 x 1) (4) 3.1.3 33˚55(1)' 55''S; 22˚25'43 (1)''E (Range 40'' - 45'') (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 (0,9 x 500 m) (0,8 x 500 m) Area 450 (1) m x 400 (1) m = 180 000 m² (1) (3 x 1) (3) 3.2.1 high (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 It is close to the golf course (1) Give Close to the golf estate (accept examples) (1) evidence for high Close to the recreational facilities (1) income Larger plot size/few houses/low density (1) area It is in the rural-urban fringe (1) Area has aesthetic appeal (1) Located away from the CBD (1) Located away from heavy industrial area (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 Sewage works (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 It is away from the built-up/residential area (accept examples) (2) Give a reason why the rural- Land is cheaper in this zone (2) urban fringe is a suitable Large open spaces (2) location for Gentle ground or slope (2) human-made feature Located at the lowest point (2) Located close to a river (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 12 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.5 Golf courses (accept examples) (1) Give TWO pieces of Holiday resort (1) evidence for Track and hiking trails (1) George being a Parks (accept examples) (1) tourist Woodlands (1) destination (refer to Sports grounds (1) area Showgrounds (1) covered by George) Dirt bike track (1) Recreational areas (1) Perennial/non-perennial water/perennial/non-perennial streams/marshes and vlei (1) Landing strip (1) Golf estate (1) Katrivier Nature reserve (1) Horse riding club (1) Cape Garden Route Botanical Gardens (1) Monuments (accept examples) (1) Witfontein forest (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.6 Trees (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.7 Rough texture (2) Reason for Dark (black) tone (2) feature 10 Reference is Woodland (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.8 Transport routes (accept examples ) (1) Identify Flat land/gentle relief (1) TWO factors that Labour supply (1) influenced Power lines (1) the Water supply (1) location of industries Markets (1) Available land (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 13 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.1 3.3.1 Raster (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 It is an image/photograph (2) Reason It is made up of pixels / grid cells (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Topography/relief (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 Difficult to build on (2) How does layer limits More expensive to build on (2) dev [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.5 1 B (1) 2 A (1) (2 x 1) (2) TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved