Geography Grade 12 P2 NSC June 2025 Question Paper (English)

Confidential SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY P2 MAY/JUNE 2025 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 19 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS (60) QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1020 hPa, 14 °C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map 3222CD and 3422AB GEORGE and a 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map 3322 CD 24 GEORGE WEST are provided. 15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. 17. You must hand the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. 2025 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT 1.1 Choose the term/concept in COLUMN B that completes the statement in COLUMN A. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.1.1 … refers to the location of a rural Y Site settlement in relation to the surrounding Z Situation environment 1.1.2 … settlements locate in areas where the Y Wet-point water supply is scarce Z Dry-point 1.1.3 The sketch below illustrates a … rural Y nucleated settlement pattern Z dispersed 1.1.4 An advantage generally associated with a Y greater safety dispersed rural settlement pattern is … Z larger profits 1.1.5 A … settlement is dominated by primary Y rural activities Z urban 1.1.6 The shape of the settlement in the sketch Y semi-circular below is … Z linear 1.1.7 A circular shaped settlement can be Y water point influenced by a … Z river 1.1.8 … farming occurs when agriculture is Y Large-scale practised extensively Z Small-scale (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 1.2 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions based on urban morphology. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 D. 1.2.1 The … street pattern is commonly found in the central business district of old cities. A irregular B radial C grid-iron D linear 1.2.2 Traffic congestion is associated with the … street pattern where roads converge at the city centre. A cross-road B radial C irregular D grid-iron Refer to the street patterns below to answer QUESTIONS 1.2.3 to 1.2 5. [Source: Examiner's own sketch] 1.2.3 A characteristic of street pattern P is that streets … A have no order. B radiate from a central point. C are irregular in shape. D intersect at right angles. 1.2.4 The street pattern R is characterised by … A grid intersections. B circular roads. C many stop streets. D flat land. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 1.2.5 The advantages of street pattern Q are: (i) Easy to plan (ii) Smooth flow of traffic (iii) Saves fuel (iv) Regular-shaped plots A (i) and (iii) B (ii) and (iii) C (ii) and (iv) D (i) and (ii) Refer to the sketch of an urban profile below to answer QUESTIONS 1.2.6 and 1.2.7. [Source: Examiner's own sketch] 1.2.6 The profile in the sketch is a … view of a city. A plan B aerial C side D oblique 1.2.7 TWO characteristics of the urban profile in the sketch: (i) Tallest buildings in the CBD (ii) Lowest building density in the CBD (iii) Highest building density in the CBD (iv) Tallest buildings on the outskirts A (i) and (ii) B (i) and (iii) C (ii) and (iv) D (iii) and (iv) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 1.3 Refer to the extract and diagram below based on land reform. LAND REFORM IN SOUTH AFRICA Nearly three decades into democracy, land reform remains important to South Africa's transformation policies. The progress made is better than what politicians claim. In reviewing the progress with regard to land reform, we should be mindful that land reform consists of three programmes: land redistribution, land restitution and land tenure. For the first 10 years of the land reform programme the government applied a market-assisted economic principle of land redistribution based on the willing- buyer-willing-seller principle. Some challenges were experienced with applying this principle. [Adapted from https://theconversation.com/this-is-how-president-ramaphosa-got-to-the-25- figure-of-progress-in-land-reform-in-south-africa] LAND LAND REDISTRIBUTION RESTITUTION 7,55 million 6,68 million hectares of hectares of land land returned redistributed LAND REFORM [Adapted from https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/7/974] 1.3.1 Quote evidence from the extract to show that there has been progress with land reform. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Refer to the diagram and name the programme of land reform which has resulted in 6,68 million hectares of land being returned to the rightful owners. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 According to the extract, name the economic principle that has been used for land redistribution in South Africa. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 Describe the challenges associated with the land redistribution principle being used (answer to QUESTION 1.3.3). (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Explain TWO possible social factors that delay land restitution in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.6 Suggest how land reform can provide economic security to people in rural areas in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 1.4 Refer to the sketch map below showing land-use zones and land-use in an urban area. CBD Transition zone High-income residential area Middle-income residential area Low-income residential area Heavy industrial area Rural-urban fringe Green belt [Source: Examiner's own sketch] 1.4.1 What is an urban land-use zone? (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Why do different land-use zones occur? (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.3 Give TWO factors evident in the sketch map that influenced the location of the high-income residential area. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 Refer to the transition zone at B. (a) State ONE characteristic of this zone. (1 x 1) (1) (b) Why does the transition zone not completely surround land-use zone A? (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 What is the importance of green belts in urban settlements? (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.6 Why is the location of the low-income residential area an advantage and a disadvantage for the residents of this area? (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 1.5 Refer to the extract below on traffic congestion in Cape Town. TRAFFIC CONGESTION – CAPE TOWN Cape Town is the most congested city in South Africa and ranks ninth globally. The 2023 Global Traffic Scorecard, which analysed over 940 cities, found that Cape Town *commuters wasted an average of 83 hours due to traffic delays, with an average travel distance of 10,9 km in 2023. City's Mayoral Committee Member for Urban Mobility explained why they were setting aside billions to create new infrastructure to improve public transport. This is not only for those who are currently using public transport services, but also to provide a viable alternative to single-occupancy vehicles. Speaking to radio station Cape Talk, a transportation engineer said the city needs to improve its public transport systems as this impacts negatively on the economy of the city of Cape Town. *Commuters: People who travel to work on a daily basis [Adapted from Cape Talk, Sibuliso Duba, 19 July 2024] 1.5.1 According to the extract, approximately how many hours did Cape Town commuters waste in 2023 due to traffic congestion? (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 How does traffic congestion negatively impact the economy of the city of Cape Town? (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.3 Why would the improvement in public transport not benefit all commuters? (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest infrastructural developments associated with roads that the municipality of Cape Town can put in place to reduce traffic congestion. (4 x 2) (8) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA 2.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.8 D. 2.1.1 … is when a country has sufficient and nutritious food that is accessible to all its people. A Food insecurity B Famine C Malnutrition D Food security 2.1.2 A negative economic factor affecting production of food in a country is … A a lack of capital. B pests and diseases. C droughts and floods. D technology and mechanisation. 2.1.3 An advantage of planting genetically modified crops to improve food security is … A that seeds can be recycled from new crops. B greater resistance to pests and diseases. C that production costs are lower. D that farmers have easy access to seeds. 2.1.4 A social advantage of food-secure countries is that they … A import less food. B have reduced poverty. C export more food. D have increased poverty. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 10 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential Refer to the graph on food insecurity to answer QUESTIONS 2.1.5 to 2.1.7. FOOD INSECURITY (%) PER PROVINCE [Examiner's own sketch] 2.1.5 The province with the highest percentage of food insecurity in South Africa is … A Northern Cape. B Gauteng. C Eastern Cape. D Limpopo. 2.1.6 Gauteng has a low percentage of food insecurity because of increased production from … farmers and a higher … rate. (i) subsistence (ii) large-scale (iii) employment (iv) crime A (i) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv) 2.1.7 Provinces where the core industrial regions are located account for … of the food insecurity in South Africa. A 50% B 45% C 23% D 10% (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 11 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 2.2 Match the statements with ONE of the types of industries in the list below. Options may be used MORE THAN ONCE. Write only the name of the type of industry next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.9 bridge industry. break-of-bulk industry; footloose industry; light industry; market-orientated industry; raw material orientated; heavy industry; ubiquitous industry 2.2.1 Associated with less pollution and is usually not capital intensive 2.2.2 Located close to the customer as goods are perishable 2.2.3 May be located anywhere and is widely distributed 2.2.4 Associated with high levels of pollution and occupy large spaces 2.2.5 Located close to raw materials that are bulky 2.2.6 Location is not determined by raw materials or markets 2.2.7 Located where goods are transferred from one mode of transport to another 2.2.8 Shoe manufacturing is an example of this type of industry (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 12 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 2.3 Refer to the extract and the graph below on beef production in South Africa. BEEF PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA Beef is produced throughout South Africa, but mainly in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State and North West. The lowest beef production occurs in Gauteng. Beef production is one of the most important primary products within the South African agricultural sector, partly because approximately 80% of the country's agricultural land is not suitable for crop production, but can support beef production. The total number of cattle in South Africa is estimated to be 12 196 million at the end of August 2023. BEEF PRODUCTION PER PROVINCE IN SOUTH AFRICA IN 2023 [Adapted from https://southafrica.co.za/cattle-production-regions-south-africa.html] 2.3.1 According to the extract and graph, which province has the lowest beef production in South Africa? (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Give a reason for the low production in this province (answer to QUESTION 2.3.1). (1 x 2) (2) Refer to the graph. 2.3.3 Suggest TWO human-made factors that have caused a difference in the amount of beef production in the various provinces. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the importance of the contribution of beef production to the South African economy. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 13 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 2.4 Refer to the fact file and sketch map below on the South-western Cape core industrial region. FACT FILE: SOUTH-WESTERN CAPE CORE INDUSTRIAL REGION • The South-western Cape core industrial region attracts foreign investments, with 269 global companies investing R139,6 billion over the past ten years. • 17 822 jobs have been created in the province over the past ten years. • The South-western Cape core industrial region produces 9,8% of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP). • The region is strategically positioned on the West Coast of South Africa. • It has the second busiest container port and the second busiest airport in South Africa. • It has vast agricultural land that facilitates industries like food processing and beverages. [Adapted from Larry Claasen Westgro Agency, 9 June 2024] 2.4.1 What percentage contribution does the South-western Cape core industrial region make to the GDP of South Africa? (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 How does foreign investment increase the South-western Cape core industrial region's contribution to the GDP of South Africa? (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.3 Why is investment in light industries common in the South-western Cape core industrial region? (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.4 How does the creation of jobs in the South-western Cape core industrial region impact positively on the people of the region? (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Explain the positive impact of road infrastructure and harbours (refer to the sketch map) on the industrial growth in the region. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 14 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 2.5 Refer to the extract and cartoon on the informal sector below. GOVERNMENT TAKES STEPS TO IMPROVE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR In South Africa, where there are over two million informal businesses, the informal sector accounts for more than 50% of the workforce. Most importantly, 30% of our country's informal economic activities take place in Gauteng. While these numbers highlight the size of the informal sector in South Africa, they don't tell the human story of how informal trading is transforming the lives of our people. Our country is confronted with high levels of unemployment, and there is no question that there is a crisis. The informal sector has played a crucial role in this regard. It is an important part of government's strategies to address unemployment and reduce vulnerability. Without it, South Africa would be confronted with an even greater crisis than it is now faced with. [Adapted from Y LEBOGANG MAILE, 6 September 2024] [Adapted from https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesslive.co.za%] 2.5.1 Quote evidence from the extract that trading in the informal sector is high in South Africa. (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Why does student A disagree with student B on why trading in the informal sector is high in South Africa? (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 15 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 2.5.3 Give TWO ways in which informal trading has a positive social impact on the lives of people. (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4 Why is the government forced to use trade in the informal sector as a strategy to address unemployment? (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Describe the poor conditions under which informal traders work. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.6 Explain the negative economic impact of the increasing number of informal traders in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 16 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON GEORGE Coordinates: 33°55'S; 22°25'E George is ideally located between Cape Town and Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), with beautiful natural surroundings and a temperate climate. A low crime rate and a national airport are among the many reasons the town has seen significant growth over the past two decades. It is a popular tourist destination because of nature walks, bird-watching, hiking, canoeing, mountain biking and horse riding which are all within close proximity to the town. [Adapted from https://wikipedia.org/wiki/George, South Africa] The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographical map: ENGLISH AFRIKAANS River Rivier Golf course Gholfbaan Sewage works Rioolwerke Holiday resort Vakansie-oord Estate Landgoed Showgrounds Skougronde Parks Parke Sports grounds Sportgronde Dirt bike track Grondfietsbaan Landing strip Landingstrook Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 17 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS Refer to the orthophoto map. 3.1.1 The height at 6 in block C1 is … metres. A 175 B 180 C 185 D 190 (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 Calculate the average gradient from 7 in block D4 to 8 in block A4 on the orthophoto map. Use the following information: Measured distance (map distance) between 7 and 8 on the orthophoto map is 10,3 cm. Formula: Vertical Interval (VI) Horizontal Equivalent (HE) (4 x 1) (4) 3.1.3 Complete the grid reference of the trigonometrical station 114 in block A5 on the topographical map. Use the following information: 33˚…'55''S; 22˚25'…''E (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 Calculate the area of the cemetery at F in block E2 on the topographical map in m². Use the following information: Length = 0,9 cm Breadth = 0,8 cm Formula: Area = Length (L) x Breadth (B) (3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 18 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION Refer to block C1 and block C2 on the topographical map. 3.2.1 Heather Park is a (high/low)-income residential area. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Give ONE piece of evidence for your answer to QUESTION 3.2.1. (1 x 1) (1) Refer to the topographical map and the orthophoto map. 3.2.3 Identify the human-made feature 9 on the orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Give a reason why the rural-urban fringe is a suitable location for this human-made feature (answer to QUESTION 3.2.3). (1 x 2) (2) Refer to blocks D1/D2 and E1/E2 on the topographical map. 3.2.5 Identify TWO pieces of evidence that suggest that George is a popular tourist destination. (2 x 1) (2) Refer to feature 10 in block C1 on the orthophoto map. 3.2.6 Feature 10 on the orthophoto map shows (crops/trees). (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.7 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.2.6. (1 x 2) (2) Refer to blocks D3 and D4 on the topographical map. 3.2.8 Identify TWO factors that influenced the location of industries in George Industria. (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 19 DBE/May/June 2025 SC/NSC Confidential 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) Refer to the orthophoto map. 3.3.1 The orthophoto map represents (vector/raster) data. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.3.1. (1 x 2) (2) Refer to block A5 on the topographical map. 3.3.3 State the main data layer that limits the town from developing in this block. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 How does this data layer (answer to QUESTION 3.3.3) limit development? (1 x 2) (2) Refer to feature G in block C3 on the topographical map. 3.3.5 Use the table below and match the information in COLUMN A with COLUMN B. Write only the letter (A or B) next to the question numbers (1 and 2), e.g. 3 C. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1. Spatial data of hospital A. 200 beds 2. Attribute data of hospital B. 33⁰57'11''S 22⁰27'08''E (2 x 1) (2) TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved