Geography P1 Nov 2025 MG Eng

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2025 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 12 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES FOR MARKING GEOGRAPHY- NSC NOVEMBER 2025 AND SC/NSC JUNE 2026 The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. MARKING • ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect M • Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved. • Where a correct fact has been mentioned more than once in a specific response R • A clear, neat tick must be used: ✓ o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: ✓ o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: ✓✓ o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place • Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross:  o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts For the following action words, ONE-word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give NOTE THE FOLLOWING • If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed candidates can be credited • Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct. • Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way • In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer- award marks. • There will be additional guidelines for the marking of certain questions. TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS • Each sub-question must be totalled o Questions in Section A have five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub- section and underlined o Sub-totals must be written legibly o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels • Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number • Transfer total to cover of answer book Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines 30 QUESTION 1 1.1.1 A (South Atlantic High) (1) ✓ 1.1.2 B (Kalahari High) (1) ✓ 1.1.3 B (South Indian) (1)  2 1.2.1 Melting snow ✓ 1.2.2 Mouth  1.2.3 Third order ✓ 2 1.3.1 Katabatic 1.3.2 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night ✓✓ 1.3.3 Cold air rolls down✓✓ into the valley and forms an inversion ✓✓ Air flows downslope 6 1.4.1 Shape of front concave  Steep gradient of front ✓ 1.4.2 Warm air undercuts the cold air  ✓✓ ✓✓ 1.4.3 Air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches up with the warm✓✓ front. 7 1.5.1 (a) A river that only flows all year round  (b) The river channel is wide  ✓✓ ✓✓ (c) Regularity of rainfall and the soil type over which the streams flow. Rainfall occurs regularly R ✓  1.5.2 Gauteng and the Eastern Cape 1.5.3 The cost of food production will increase at it is costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy more chemicals ✓✓to purify water. Chemicals cost a lot and this ✓✓will ✓✓ increase production costs. It will be costly to purify water for use in electricity generation. These costs will be included M in electricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during production. There will be less clean water to generate hydro- electricity. 13 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 1.1.1 Z (1) 1.1.2 Z (1) 1.1.3 Y (1) 1.1.4 Y (1) 1.1.5 Z (1) 1.1.6 Y (1) 1.1.7 Y (1) 1.1.8 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 D (1) 1.2.2 C (1) 1.2.3 C (1) 1.2.4 B (1) 1.2.5 A (1) 1.2.6 C (1) 1.2.7 D (1) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3 1.3.1 Polar front (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Atmospheric instability (1) Give Frictional drag (1) ONE reason Jet streams (1) why the Orographic features (accept examples) (1) boundary forms a Temperature differences (1) wave Windspeed differences (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Mature stage (1) (1 x 1) (1) Stage 1.3.4 Steep pressure gradient results in gale force/strong winds (2) Explain Strong updraughts/rapid upliftment results in (cumulonimbus clouds) heavy how the weather rainfall (2) conditions developed Air behind the cold front undercuts the warm air ahead of it gives rise to in C and (cumulonimbus clouds) and heavy rainfall (2) D F+Q [ANY TWO- MUST MENTION GALE FORCE/STRONG WINDS AND HEAVY RAINFALL] (2 x 2) (4) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Steep pressure gradient (1) Strong updraughts/rapid upliftment (1) Air behind the cold front undercuts the warm air (1) [ANY ONE- MAXIMUM ONE MARK] 1.3.5 Cross- section from E-F Marks will be allocated for: Correct cross-section drawing (1) Direction of movement of system (1) One type of cloud (Cb /Cu) (1) One sector (1) (4 x 1) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3.6 The air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front of the warm front Explain (2) how the difference The cold air behind the cold front undercuts the warmer air in front of the in temperat warm front (2) ure of The warmer (less dense air) is uplifted over the colder (denser) air (2) the air masses (2 x 2) (4) formed a INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING cold front occlusion The air behind the cold front is colder (1) Process The cold air behind the cold front undercuts(1) The warmer (less dense) air is uplifted (1) [MAXIMUM TWO MARKS] 1.4 1.4.1 Immature stage (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 The pressure in the centre is 996 hPa (1) TWO Wind speed is 75 km/h (1) reasons in fact file (Accept: it has been given a name) (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.3 Coriolis force is present within these latitudes resulting in deflection (2) Explain High temperatures/warm oceans promote high evaporation rate (2) why the TC Latent heat released during condensation (2) developed between High evaporation rate will lead to intense low pressure (2) 5°-20 S° [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) F+Q INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Coriolis force is present (1) High temperatures/warm oceans (1) Latent heat (1) High evaporation rate (1) [MAXIMUM TWO MARKS] 1.4.4 Hurricane force/strength /very strong destructive/ winds (2) Describe Torrential rainfall/heavy rainfall/thunderstorms (2) the weather Hailstorms (2) conditions associated Lightning (2) with the [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) forward left-hand quadrant Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4.5 It moved from land/Madagascar to the warmer waters (Mozambique Explain channel) resulting in increased evaporation/latent heat (2) why the TC Less frictional drag over the ocean increases the wind speed (2) intensified from 8- (Central) pressure dropped (996 hPa to-976 hPa) due to warmer ocean (2) 13 Jan [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) F+Q INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING It moved from land/Madagascar to the warmer waters (1) Less frictional drag over the ocean (1) (Central) pressure dropped (996 hPa to-976 hPa) (1) [MAXIMUM TWO MARKS] 1.5 1.5.1 East London (1) Durban (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Large temperature range (2) Give High air temperatures/Air temperature of 34 °C/27 °C (2) evidence to Low humidity/dry air/clear sky (2) support (Accept- presence of Kalahari HP and coastal LP) (2) 1.5.1 [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.3 TEMPERATURE Explain The air descends (from the interior) down the escarpment (2) the processes The air is heated adiabatically (1 °C/100 m) (2 that lead to berg [ANY ONE] winds to be warm and dry MOISTURE Moisture is evaporated as air descends (from the interior to the coast) (2) [MUST INCLUDE TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE] (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.4 Create firebreaks/buffer zone (accept examples) (2) Paragraph Suggest Build water storage facilities (accept examples) (2) sustainable strategies Educate community about strategies they could implement (accept to reduce examples) (2) the negative Make emergency services accessible (accept examples) (2) impact of veld fires Access to fire-fighting equipment (2) Implement early warning systems (accept examples) (2) Create emergency assembly points (accept examples) (2) Create awareness (accept examples) (2) Create lookout towers (2) Install sprinklers (2) Evacuation routes and plans (accept examples) (2) Remove alien vegetation/plants (which is flammable) (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 Z (1) 2.1.2 Z (1) 2.1.3 Z (1) 2.1.4 Y (1) 2.1.5 Y (1) 2.1.6 Z (1) 2.1.7 Y (1) 2.1.8 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2 2.2.1 A (1) 2.2.2 C (1) 2.2.3 C (1) 2.2.4 C (1) 2.2.5 D (1) 2.2.6 A (1) 2.2.7 C (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.3 2.3.1 A side view of a river from source to mouth (2) [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING A side view of the river (1) 2.3.2 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 No temporary base levels/knickpoints (1) Give No obstructions (accept examples) (1) evidence in the Smooth concave shape (1) sketch graded [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) profile Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.4 Natural Classify each base Waterfall (1) level as natural or human- made Human-made Dam (1) (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.5 It is the lowest (ultimate) level to which a river can erode (2) Sea [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.6 Profile C is a closed V-shaped (narrow, deep and steep sided) whereas Differenti ate profile D is an open U-shaped (very wide and gently sloping) (2) between shape [MUST MENTION BOTH PROFILES] (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.7 Profile C Explain Vertical/downward erosion is dominant in the upper course (2) the main processes that give rise to Profile D shape of Deposition is dominant in the lower course (2) C and D Lateral erosion occurs (2) [ANY ONE] [MUST REFER TO BOTH PROFILE C AND D] (2 x 2) (4) 2.4 2.4.1 Lower (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Due to deposition (2) Gentle Slow movement/velocity of water (2) gradient at C [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.3 River rejuvenation results in vertical (downward) erosion (2) Incised meanders Results in a deeper stream channel/valley (due to vertical erosion)(2) (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.4 Continuous (lateral) erosion takes place on the outer bank/under-cut slope PARAGRAPH (2) Explain how an Deposition on the inner bank/slip off slope (2) ox-bow Meander neck narrows (2) lake forms River floods and cuts through meander neck (2) Process Meander loop is separated from the main stream (by deposition resulting in an ox-bow lake) (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) 2.5 2.5.1 Poor service provision (1) Why are dense Do not have means to pay for waste removal services (1) settlements associated Piled up waste in the settlement is disposed of in the river (1) with pollution [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.2 Evidence of solid waste (accept examples) (1) TWO No infrastructure to remove waste (accept examples) (1). reasons to No evidence of potable water (1) (2 x 1) (2) support [ANY TWO] answer to 2.5.1 2.5.3 Houses are close to the river and could easily flood (2) Explain River banks could collapse destroying houses (accept examples) (2) how the rise in [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) water level will affect INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING houses Houses are close to the river (1) due to their River banks could collapse (1) location [MAXIMUM ONE MARK] 2.5.4 Reduced water quality (accept examples) (2) Explain the Damages habitat for aquatic life (2) negative Destroys aquatic life (accept examples) (2) impact of poor Destroys food chains/food webs (2) river Causes eutrophication (accept examples) (2) manage Disrupt ecosystems (2) ment on the Loss of biodiversity (2) health of Increased sedimentation (accept examples) (2) rivers [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.5 Relocate the people (2) Suggest strategies Create a buffer zone (2) that municiplaity Create awareness campaigns (accept examples) (2) can put in Educate people on river management (accept examples) (2) place to ensure Encourage people not to build houses on the river bank (2) sustainabi lity of the Implement legislation (2) river Impose fines (2) Plant more vegetation (accept examples) (2) Provide more refuse removal facilities (accept examples) (2) Continuous monitoring/testing (2) Encourage community involvement (accept examples) (2) Provide incentives to people (accept examples) (2) Encourage the recycling of waste (2) Build proper sanitation/drainage systems/water treatment plants (2) Maintain infrastructure (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 11 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1 3.1.1 1167,5 m – 928,0 (1) m = 239,5 m (1) (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.2 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 Formula: Vertical Interval (VI) Horizontal Equivalent (HE) VI= 60 m HE= 3,8 (1) cm x 100 = 380 (1) m Range: (3,7 cm – 3,9 cm) Range: (370 m – 390 m) 60 (1) (For correct substitution) 380 1 : 6,33 (1) Range: (1:6,16 – 1:6,50) (4 x 1) (4) 3.1.4 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.5 No (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.6 There is an obstruction (accept examples from the topographical map) between L and H (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2 3.2.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Perennial water/Dams/ (1) Evidence for Reservoirs (1) seasonal rainfall Non-perennial rivers (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 Presence of vegetation results in evapotranspiration (2) Explain why Presence of vegetation provides shade (2) area 8 Natural surfaces absorb less heat (2) has Less buildings/built up areas to absorb heat (2) lower temps Fewer human activities that generate heat (2) than Better air movement cools the area (2) surrounding built-up [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) areas F+Q INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Presence of vegetation (1) Natural surfaces (1) Less buildings/built up areas (1) Fewer human activities (1) Better air movement (1) [MAXIMUM ONE MARK] 3.2.4 North/ NW/NNW/North East/ north to south /southwards (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 12 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.5 Row of trees (windbreaks) are on the north/north east of the orchards or Wind direction vineyards (2) evidence Wind blows down the mountain slopes (katabatic wind) (2) Wind breaks are planted perpendicular to the prevailing wind (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.6 Many river systems flow in a north easterly and south westerly direction (2) Evidence from map Many river systems are flowing (away) in opposite directions from the for watershed Stellenboschberg (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.7 L (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.8 L is found in the upper course (2) Rapids are characteristic of the upper course (2) The flow of water is turbulent (2) The stream flows over steep gradient (2) High velocity (2) Uneven riverbed (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 3.3.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 River (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Make the scale larger (2) (1 x 2) (2) Explain how to manipulate the scale 3.3.4 D (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.5 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.6 The clarity of the photograph is poor (2) There is low resolution (2) It shows less details (2) Image is blurry / unclear / distorted (2) Large pixels (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved