GLOSSARY MATHEMATICS

GLOSSARY MATHEMATICS Amortised Loan: a loan for which the loan amount plus interest is paid off in a series regular(usually monthly) equal payments. Amplitude half the distance between the highest and lowest point of a wave, for example the graph of a periodic function like SinӨ Angle of depression the angle between the horizontal and the line of sight when looking down at an object. Angle of elevation the angle between the horizontal and the line of sight when looking up at an object. Annuity an investment in which we make monthly equal installments. Arc part of the circumference of the circle. Arithmetic mean the average of the values in a data set Arithmetic sequence a sequence in which the consecutive terms differ by a constant value Asymptote a straight line to which a curve draws ever closer without ever touching it. Axiom a self-evident truth that can serve as a principle from which logic deductions can be made. Bar graph a graph in which the values of the dependent variable are represented by the vertical height of the rectangles. Biased sample a sample that does not fairly represent the population as a whole. Bivariate numerical data data that consists of two numerical variables. Box-and-whisker plot a visual summary of a data set that shows the lowest and the highest values of the data set, as well as the lower quartile, the median and the upper quartile Chord a line that joins two points on the circumference of the circle. Circumscribed circle a circle that touches all vertices of a polygon Common factor a factor that appears in every term of the expression. Concyclic a number of points are concyclic if there is a circle that passes through all of them. Congruent triangles triangles that have exactly the same shape and size.

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https://ultradeep.co.za Conjecture a generalization made using reasoning Constant difference a constant that is added to eachj term of an arithmetic sequence to form the next term. Constant ratio a constant that is multiplied be each term of a Geometric sequence to form the next term. Constraints practical limitations in a linear programming situationwritten as inequalities. Continuous data data that can have any value and is measured, not counted(within reasonable limits) in an interval, e.g time. Converging sequence a sequence in which the value of successive terms approaches some finite value. Correlation a measure of how strongly two variables in a linear relationship are related. Correlation coefficient a number between -1 and 1 that we use to express the strength of correlation. Counter example an example that disproves a statement Cyclic quadrilateral a quadrilateral of which all four vertices lie on the circle Dependent variable a variable whose value depends on the value of the independent variable. Derivative instantaneous rate of change of a function; gradient of the tangent at a point on the graph of a function. Discreet data data that can have only certain values, usually integer quantities Domain all values of the of the independent variable(usually x) for which a relationship is defined. Equi-angular polygon a polygon of which all the internal angles are equals in size Equi-angular triangles triangles of which the corresponding angles are equal. Equidistant at an equal distance from. Equi-lateral polygon a polygon of which all the sides are equal in size Event a clearly defined set of outcomes Experimental probability the probability of an outcome in a particular experiment. https://tvetpapers.co.za

https://ultradeep.co.za Feasible region a polygon that contains all the possible solutions to a linear programming problem. Frequency polygon the that is formed by joining the midpoints of the top of each bar of a histogram. Frequency table a table that summarizes the frequencies of all the data values in a data set. Function a relationship between two variables (Usually x and y), such that for every value of x for which the function is defined, there is exactly one value of y. Geometric sequence a sequence in which there is always a constant ratio between two consecutive terms. Histogram a graph that uses rectangles (without gaps between them) whose areas show frequencies. Horizontal transformation a transformation that will change the period of a trigonometric graph Hypotenuse a side opposite the right angle in a right angled triangle. Independent variable a variable (usually x) whose value determines the value of the dependent variable(usually y). Inscribed circle a circle that touches all the sides of the polygon Interquartile range the difference between the upper and the lower quartile. Limit a value to which the series or a function tends to, without necessarily reaching it. Line of best fit a line that goes through, or very close to the majority of the points on a scatter plot. Linear programming a method used to find optimal (best) solution to a problem that can be expressed in terms of linear equations or inequalities. Major arc the larger of the two arcs that together make a complete circle Maximum turning point a point on a curve at which the gradient of the tangent to the curve changes from positive to negative Measures of central tendencies measures that tell us about the middle values of a data set https://tvetpapers.co.za

https://ultradeep.co.za Measure of dispersion measures that tells us about the spread of the numerical data set Median the middle Value in an ordered data set Minimum turning point a point on a curve at which the gradient of the tangent to the curve changes from negative to positive Minor arc the smaller of the two arcs that together make a complete circle Mode the value that appear most often in a data set Negative correlation a relationship between two statistical variables in which if there is an increase in one variable, there is a decrease in the other variable Normal distribution a distribution in which the median, mode and mean are equal Objective function a function that describes an objective in a particular situation Ogive the graph of cumulative frequencies Ordinary annuity an annuity in which you make a monthly payment at the end of each month Outcome the results of a trial Outlier a value that is different from the other values in the data set Parabola the graph of a quadratic function Percentiles measures of dispersion that divide the data set into hundredths Point of inflection a stationery point that is neither a maximum nor a minimum Positive correlation a relationship between two statistical variables in which if there is an increase in one variable, there is an increase in the other variable Positively skewed distribution a distribution in which the median is less that the mean Present value(of loan) the initial loan amount Probability the likelihood of that outcome occurring, expressed as a number between zero and one Quartiles measures of dispersion that divide the data set into quarters Range (of a data set) the difference between the highest and the lowest value in the data set Range (of a relationship) the set of values of the dependent variable (usually y) for which a relationship is defined https://tvetpapers.co.za

https://ultradeep.co.za Recursive pattern a pattern in which a given term can be expressed in terms of one or more of the preceding terms, e.g Fibonacci+ Regression function another name for the line of best fit Relative frequency the experimental probability of an outcome Right cylinder a cylinder of which the axis is perpendicular to the basis Right prism a prism of which the lateral faces are all rectangles Root( of an equation) a value of the variable that satisfies the equation Scalene triangle a triangle with no equal sides and no equal angles Scatter plot a graph on which we represent data as a collection of (x;y) coordinates Search line a line used in linear programming to find the optimal solution Secant a line that cuts across the circle or curve at two points Sigma-notation a form of a short hand to describe the sum of series Similar triangles triangles that have exactly the same shape, but not necessarily the same size. Skewed distribution a distribution that is not normal, but is negatively or positively skewed. Standard deviation a measure of dispersion of a numerical data set. Stationary point a point on the graph of a function at which the value of the derivative is zero Stem-and-leaf diagram a summary of a data set in which the data values are first grouped by the stem values, and then sorted into the leaf values Surd form irrational number written with root symbols but in a simplified form Tangent a line that touches the circle at only one point Turning point a point on a curve at which the gradient of the tangent to the curve is zero. Vertex( of a polygon) a point at which two adjacent sides of the polygon meet Vertical line test a test to decide whether or not a relation is a function. Vertical transformation a transformation that will shift the trig graph up or down along the y-axis https://tvetpapers.co.za