Life Sciences Grade 12 P2 NSC June 2024 Question Paper (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Confidential sie Le basic education WE. Department: u( (Oy, Basic Education Cas” Ee REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS LIFE SCIENCES P2 MAY/JUNE 2024 LIFE SCIENCES: Paper 2 OI Wu X05 This question paper consists of 17 pages. Mn Copyright reserved i MARKS: 150 TIME: 2% hours Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 2 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. Answer ALL the questions. 2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. Start the answers to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question. 6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink. 7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so. 8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale. 9. Do NOT use graph paper. 10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass, where necessary. 11. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved el Please turn over Oro]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 3 DBE/Maay/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential SECTION A QUESTION 1 11 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.9) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.10 D. 1.4.1 1.1.4 Copyright reserved Which female scientist took X-rays of the DNA molecule and concluded that DNA is helix-shaped? A_ Watson B Franklin C Crick D_ Wilkins A cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. What is the number of chromatids in this cell at the beginning of meiosis? A 7 B 14 Cc 28 D 56 In the inheritance of blood groups there are ... A_ two phenotypes controlled by three alleles. B_ three phenotypes controlled by two alleles. C four phenotypes controlled by three alleles. D_ four phenotypes controlled by two alleles. The following statements relate to cell division: (i) | Crossing over occurs (ii) Contributes to genetic variation in a population (iii) Produces cells with a diploid number of chromosomes (iv) Produces somatic cells only Which ONE of the following combinations of statements refer to meiosis? (i), (ii) and (iii) only (i) and (ii) only (ii) and (iv) only (ii) and (iii) only 90NUY qQ] Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 4 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 1.4.5 The opossums and wombats are believed to have originated from a common ancestor. The shaded parts of the diagram below show the distribution of these species. » fre, ‘Australi: Wombats ? or The type of evidence for evolution that is represented in the diagram is ... A biogeography. B modification by descent. C genetics. D cultural. 1.1.6 A plant with yellow (y) and round (R) peas is crossed with a plant with green (Y) and wrinkled (r) peas. Which ONE of the following are the possible genotypes of the parents (P,)? yyRR x YYRr YyRR x yyrr Yyrr x YYRR yyRR x YYrr oDODY Copyright reserved qo] Please turn over OFA]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 DBE/Meay/June 2024 5 SC/NSC Confidential 1.1.7 A segment of DNA contains: e¢ 31% of adenine in strand 1 e 12% of cytosine in strand 2 e 27% of guanine in strand 2 tn this segment of DNA, there will also be ... A 31% of adenine in strand 2 B 12% of cytosine in strand 4 C 31% of thymine in strand 2 D 27% of cytosine in strand 2 1.1.8 Two people each gave four descriptions about themselves. PERSON 1 PERSON 2 [can roll my tongue. | cannot roll my tongue . lam 150 cm tall. Lam 153 cm tall. | have unattached earlobes. | | have attached earlobes. My blood group is A. My blood group is AB. 2/00 Which ONE of the following combinations are examples of discontinuous variation? A P,QandS B P,RandS C Q,RandS D P,Q,RandS 1.1.9 The phase in meiosis where chromatids are pulled towards poles is... anaphase I telophase I metaphase Ii anaphase II (9 x 2) (18) loKek::P2 Copyright reserved Oo] Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 6 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 A section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific characteristic 1.2.2 A pattern of black bars resulting from DNA analysis 1.2.3 Evolution characterised by long periods of no change alternating with short periods of rapid change 1.2.4 The production of a genetically identical copy of an organism using biotechnology 1.2.5 Undifferentiated cells in animals that have the potential to become any type of tissue 1.2.6 A genetic disorder that results in a person who cannot distinguish between the colours red and green 1.2.7 The part of the plant where the male gametes are produced 1.2.8 The structure that joins two chromatids together (8x1) (8) 1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN | apply to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write Aonly, B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3) in the ANSWER BOOK. COLUMN | COLUMN II 4.3.1 The type of dominance in which | A: Complete dominance neither of the two alleles is B: Co-dominance dominant over each other, resulting in an offspring with an intermediate phenotype 1.3.2 The point where two chromatids | A: Chiasma overlap during crossing over B: Locus 1.3.3 The scientist who proposed the | A: Darwin law of segregation B: _ Lamarck Copyright reserved (3x2) (6) Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 7 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 1.4 The diagrams below represent two types of nucleic acids. A \. B Diagram 1 Diagram 2 1.41 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 Copyright reserved Identify the nucleic acid shown in diagram 1. identify: (a) A (b) B Name the type of sugar found in the nucleic acid represented in diagram 2. Which diagram (1 or 2) represents a nucleic acid that is used for: (a) Tracing of human ancestry (b) Paternity testing Please turn over (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 1.5 8 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential The diagram below shows the karyotype of a gamete of an individual. x 1 8 7 x XXX raul x hk kh ¥ ¥ we Yy 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 Copyright reserved Name the type of mutation that occurred during the production of this gamete. What type of gamete is represented in the karyotype? In this gamete, give the number of: (a) Autosomes {b) Gonosomes This gamete fuses with a normal gamete. Using X and Y representation, write the sex chromosomes of the offspring. Please turn over (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 9 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 1.6 The diagram below shows the evolutionary relationship between different species. P. troglodytes Fsapiens H. neanderthalensis Gottlla H. habilis Australopithecus Common ancestor 1.6.1 Identify the type of diagram shown above. 1.6.2 Give the: (a) Genus that gave rise to the Australopithecus at A (b) LETTER that represents the most recent common ancestor for both H. sapiens and H. erectus 1.6.3 Name TWO species that existed at the same time as H. erectus. 1.6.4 Give ONE example of the fossil of Australopithecus africanus that was found in South Africa. TOTAL SECTION A: Copyright reserved Al) Please turn over (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (6) 50

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 10 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential SECTION B QUESTION 2 21 The diagram below represents a stage during the synthesis of a certain protein. Alanine fF Histidine Tryptophan fy Leucine FL Lysine Copyright reserved Identify organelle 3. Describe the role of molecule 1 during this stage of protein synthesis. Give the sequence of nitrogenous bases: (a) At2 (b) On the DNA molecule that coded for histidine During the synthesis of the same protein, there was a change in the amino acid sequence because alanine was replaced by tryptophan. Explain the possible reason for this. af) Please turn over (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (9)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 11 DBE_/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 2.2 Describe transcription. (6) 2.3 The diagram below represents metaphase I of meiosis. 2.3.1 Identify part B. (1) 2.3.2 State ONE function of part A. (1) 2.3.3 Explain the contribution of metaphase I to natural selection. (6) The diagram below shows four possible daughter cells formed at the end of this meiosis. A B c D 2.3.4 Draw cell D, including the missing 4" chromosome. (3) (11) Copyright reserved a Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 12 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 24 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele (b). The pedigree diagram below shows the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in a certain family. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Key: Male without cystic fibrosis O Female without cystic fibrosis || Male with cystic fibrosis @ Female with cystic fibrosis 2.4.1 How many generations are represented in the diagram above? (1) 2.4.2 Give the genotype of individual 9. (1) 2.4.3 Explain why both individuals 5 and 6 must be heterozygous for cystic fibrosis. (4) 2.4.4 Using the letters B and b, do a genetic cross to show the inheritance of cystic fibrosis when heterozygous parents are crossed. (6) (12) Copyright reserved ay Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 13 DBE-May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 25 Bt corn is a crop that has been genetically modified to be insect-resistant. The table below shows the percentage of land used to grow Bt co rm and the amount of insecticide used in a certain country between 1995 and 2010. 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 Copyright reserved Year Land used to grow Amount of Bt corn insecticide used (%) (kg per hectare) 1995 0 0,2 2000 20 0,13 2005 40 0,05 2010 60 0,01 Describe how genetic engineering of Bt corn was done. Describe the relationship between the land used to grow Bt corn and the amount of insecticide used. State TWO other plant characteristics that are genetically engineered to increase food security. Draw a bar graph to represent the percentage of land used to grow Bt corn from 1995 to 2010. Please turn over (2) (2) (2) (6) (12) [50]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life So, "° Sciences/P2 14 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential QUESTION 3 3.4 In a certain country, 25.000 individuals were suffering from haemophilia between 2012 and 2020. Haemophilia is a genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation. The pie chart below shows the percentage of individuals with different levels of haemophilia in this country. The percentage of individuals with different levels of haemophilia in a certain country between 2012 and 2020 Low; 35% pA ae High; 40% Moderate; 25% 3.1.1 Explain the effect of this mutation on an individual. (2) 3.1.2 Calculate the number of individuals who were moderately affected by haemophilia in this country. Show ALL working. (2) 3.1.3 Explain why it would be expected that most of the individuals affected by haemophilia will be males. (3) (7) Copyrigh: PYM ewe served Re Please turn over i |

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 15 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 3.2 Insects on islands without trees are likely to be wingless because flying is dangerous for them in an area with strong winds. A certain island was once covered with tall trees. Over the years, there has been deforestation in some areas of the island. On this island, insects called stoneflies, have undergone natural selection. Some have wings and some do not have wings, depending on the area where they are found. The diagram below shows stoneflies with and without wings. SR SK Stonefly with wings Stonefly without wings Scientists wanted to determine the relationship between the presence of tall trees and the wings on the stoneflies. e They selected six locations, of which three had tall trees and three were without trees. « Using a specialised net, they collected thousands of stoneflies in each location. The samples were labelled according to the area of collection. These samples were all collected in the morning during summer. The number of stoneflies with wings and without wings at each location was counted and recorded. 3.2.1 Identify the: (a) Independent variable (1) (b) Dependent variable (1) 3.2.2 State TWO factors that were kept constant during the investigation. (2) 3.2.3 State TWO ways in which the reliability of this investigation was ensured. (2) 3.2.4 Explain why it would be expected that more stoneflies will have no wings in the areas without trees. (4) 3.2.5 Describe how Lamarck would have explained the evolution of stoneflies without wings in the areas without trees. (5) (15) Copyright reserved fe Please turn over &

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 16 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 3.3 Describe the process of speciation through geographic isolation. (7) 3.4 The diagrams below represent the skulls of hominids. cranial ridge Homo sapiens Gorilla gorilla Homo naledi 3.4.1 List THREE similarities in relation to vision that are shared by these organisms. (3) 3.4.2 Name ONE species in the diagram that was most prognathous. (1) 3.4.3 - Describe the TWO structures that caused the species named in QUESTION 3.4.2 to be most prognathous. (2) 3.4.4 Homo naledi was bipedal for most of its adult life. Explain how the structure of Homo naledi's skull would have assisted in bipedalism. (3) 3.4.5 Describe the difference between Homo sapiens and Gorrilla gorilla in relation to the shape of the: (a} Spine (2) (b) Pelvis (2) 3.4.6 Explain why the Gorrilla gorilla species has a cranial ridge. (2) (15) Copyright reserved ale Please turn over OF]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Sciences/P2 17 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC Confidential 3.5 Read the passage below. Datura flowers open in the evening and release a powerful fragraance which attracts hawk moths. The Datura produces a highly addictive nectar which ensures that the hawk moths stay longer inside the flower and only visit Datura flowers. 3.5.1 Explain TWO ways in which the Datura plants ensure that they are reproductively isolated. 3.5.2 State TWO other mechanisms that would ensure reproductive isolation in plants. TOTAL SECTION B: GRAND TOTAL: Copyright reserved (4) (2) (6) [50] 100 150

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Downloaded from hlayiso.com Vertroulik ite y 2 basic education (WWE = Department: (oo ) Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN/ NASIONALE SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN LEWENSWETENSKAPPE V2 | MEI/JUNIE 2024 l = LEWENSWETENSKAPPE: Vraestel 2 10832A PUNTE: 150 l TYD: 2% uur X@5 Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 17 bladsye. I Kopiereg voorbehou fl Blaai om asseblief

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 2 DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING Lees die volgende instruksies aandagtig deur voordat jy die vrae beantwoord. 1. 2. oN ® 10. 11. Kopiereg voorbehou Beantwoord AL die vrae. Skryf AL die antwoorde in die ANTWOORDEBOEK. Begin die antwoorde op ELKE vraag boaan ‘n NUWE bladsy. Nommer die antwoorde korrek volgens die nommeringstelsel wat in hierdie vraestel gebruik is. Bied jou antwoorde volgens die instruksies van elke vraag aan. Maak ALLE sketse met potlood en skryf die byskrifte met biou of swart ink. Teken diagramme, tabelle of vioeidiagramme slegs wanneer dit gevra word. Die diagramme in hierdie vraestel is NIE noodwendig volgens skaal geteken NIE. MOENIE grafiekpapier gebruik NIE. Jy moet 'n nieprogrammeerbare sakrekenaar, gradeboog en passer gebruik, waar nodig. Skryf netjies en leesbaar. qo] Blaai om asseblief OF oO]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 3 DBE/Mei/ Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik AFDELING A VRAAG 1 41 Verskeie opsies word as moontlike antwoorde op die volgende vrae gegee. Kies die antwoord en skryf slegs die letter (A-D) langs die vraagnommers (1.1.1 tot 1.1.9) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer, bv. 1.1.10 D. 1.1.1 Watter vroulike wetenskaplike het X-strale van die DNS/DNA- molekuul geneem en tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat DNS/DNA 'n heliksvorm het? A Watson B_ Franklin C Crick D Wilkins 1.1.2 ‘n Sel met 14 chromosome ondergaan meiose. Wat is die getal chromatiede in hierdie sel aan die begin van meiose? A 7 B 14 C 28 D 56 1.1.3 By die oorerwing van bloedgroepe is daar ... A twee fenotipes wat deur drie allele beheer word. B_ drie fenotipes wat deur twee allele beheer word. C_ vier fenotipes wat deur drie allele beheer word. D vier fenotipes wat deur twee allele beheer word. 1.1.4 Die volgende stellings verwys na seldeling: (i) Oorkruising vind plaas (ii) Dra by tot genetiese variasie in 'n bevolking (iii) Produseer selle met 'n diploiede getal chromosome {iv) Produseer slegs somatiese selle Watter EEN van die volgende kombinasies van stellings verwys na meiose? Slegs (i), (ii) en (iii) Slegs (i) en (ii) Slegs (ii) en (iv) Siegs (ii) en (iii) elon: b 2 Kopiereg voorbehou als] Blaai om asseblief

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 4 DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik 1.15 Daar word aanvaar dat buidelrotte (‘opossums’) en buidelmuise (‘wombats’) uit 'n gemeenskaplike voorouer ontstaan het. Die ingekleurde gedeeltes van die diagram hieronder toon die verspreiding van hierdie spesies. 3 4 fhe % g ‘Australi , ? Buidelmuise GP Die tipe bewys vir evolusie wat in die diagram voorgestel word, is... A_ biogeografie. B modifikasie deur afstamming. C_genetika. D_kultureel. 1.1.6 ‘n Plant met geel (y) en ronde (R) ertjies word gekruis met 'n plant met groen (Y) en gerimpelde (r) ertjies. Watter EEN van die volgende is die moontlike genotipes van die ouers (P1)? yyRR x YYRr YyRR x yyrr Yyrr x YYRR yyRR x YYrr DOOYr Kopiereg voorbehou OF AS Blaai om asseblief

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 5 DBE/Mei/unie 2024 Kopiereg voorbehou SS/NSS Vertroulik 'n Gedeelte van DNS/DNA bevat: 31% adenien in string 1 ¢ 12% sitosien in string 2 e 27% guanien in string 2 In hierdie gedeelte van DNS/DNA sal daar ook ... wees. A 31% adenien in string 2 B 12% sitosien in string 1 C 31% timien in string 2 D 27% sitosien in string 2 Twee mense het elk vier beskrywings oor hulleself gegee. PERSOON 1 PERSOON 2 P_| Ek kan my tong rol. Ek kan nie my tong rol nie. Q | Ekis 150 cm lank. Ek is 153 cm lank. R_| Ek het ios oorleile. Ek het oorlelle wat vas is. S_{ My bloedgroep is A. My bloedgroep is AB. Watter EEN van die volgende kombinasies is voorbeelde van diskontinue variasie? A P,Qens B P,RenS Cc Q,RenS D P,Q,RenS Die fase in meiose waar chromatiede na die pole toe getrek word, is... anafase I. telofase I. metafase II. anafase II. (9x2) (18) UQOW>D> Ale] Blaai om asseblief

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 6 DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik 1.2 Gee die korrekte biologiese term vir elk van die volgende beskrywings. Skryf slegs die term langs die vraagnommers (1.2.1 tot 1.2.8) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer. 1.2.1 'n Gedeelte van 'n DNS/DNA-molekuul wat vir 'n spesifieke eienskap kodeer 1.2.2 ’n Patroon van swart stawe wat die resultaat van DNS/DNA-analise is 1.2.3 Evolusie wat gekenmerk word deur lang periodes met geen veranderinge nie en afgewissel word deur kort periodes waar vinnige verandering plaasvind 1.2.4 Die produksie van 'n geneties identiese kopie van 'n organisme deur biotegnologie te gebruik 1.2.5 Ongedifferensieerde selle in diere wat die vermoé het om enige soort weefsel te vorm 1.2.6 'n Genetiese afwyking wat veroorsaak dat 'n persoon nie tussen die kleure rooi en groen kan onderskei nie 1.2.7 Die deel van die plant waar die manlike gamete geproduseer word 1.2.8 Die struktuur wat twee chromatiede verbind (8x 1) 1.3 Dui aan of elk van die stellings in KOLOM | van toepassing is op SLEGS A, SLEGS B, BEIDE A EN B of GEENEEN van die items in KOLOM II nie. Skryf slegs A, slegs B, beide A en B of geeneen langs die vraagnommers (1.3.1 tot 1.3.3) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer. KOLOM | KOLOM II 1.3.1 Die tipe dominansie waar A: Volledige dominansie geeneen van die twee allele B: Kodominansie dominant oor die ander een is nie en 'n nageslag met 'n intermediére fenotipe tot gevolg het 1.3.2 Die punt waar twee chromatiede | A: © Chiasma tydens oorkruising oorvievel B: _ Lokus 1.3.3 Die wetenskaplike wat die wet A: Darwin van segregasie voorgeste| het B: _ Lamarck (3 x 2) Kopiereg voorbehou cal Blaai om asseblief (8) (6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 7 DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik 1.4 Die diagramme hieronder stel twee tipes nukleiensure voor. A \ Diagram 1 Diagram 2 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 Kopiereg voorbehou Identifiseer die nukleiensuur wat in diagram 1 getoon word. Identifiseer: (a) A (b) B Noem die tipe suiker wat aangetref word in die nukleiensuur wat in diagram 2 voorgestel word. Watter diagram (1 of 2) stel 'n nukleiensuur voor wat gebruik word om: (a) Die mens se voorouers vas te stel (b) Vir vaderskap te toets a fa] Blaai om asseblief (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 8 DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroutik 15 Die diagram hieronder toon die kariotipe van 'n gameet van 'n individu. x X 19 XXX ay¥auay a 15 ¥ xX wv fy 20 21 22 23 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 Keopiereg voorbehou Noem die tipe mutasie wat plaasgevind het tydens die produksie van hierdie gameet. Watter tipe gameet word in die kariotipe voorgestel? Vir hierdie gameet, gee die getal: (a) Outosome (b) Gonosome Hierdie gameet versmelt met 'n normale gameet. Gebruik X- en Y-voorstelling en skryf die geslagschromosome van die nageslag neer. Blaai om asseblief (1) (1) (1) (2) (6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewensweienskappe/V2 9 DBE/Meif—Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik 1.6 Die diagram hieronder toon die evolusionére verwantskap tussen verskillende spesies. 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 Kopiereg voorbehou P. troglodytes Hesapiens neanderthalensis - 9°vila Gemeenskaplike voorouer Identifiseer die tipe diagram wat hierbo getoon word. Gee die: (a) Genus wat tot die Australopithecus by A aanleiding gegee het (b) LETTER wat die mees onlangse gemeenskaplike voorouer van beide H. sapiens en H. erectus voorstel Noem TWEE spesies wat dieselfde tyd as H. erectus bestaan het. Gee EEN voorbeeld van die fossiel van Australopithecus africanus wat in Suid-Afrika gevind is. TOTAAL AFDELING A: oF yo] Blaai om asseblief (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (6) 50

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 10 DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik AFDELING B VRAAG 2 2.1 Die diagram hieronder stel ‘n fase tydens die sintese van 'n sekere proteien voor. Alanien 4 Histidien Fj) Triptofaan Leusien Fj Lisien 1 uU- 2 GA i 3 2.1.1 Identifiseer organel 3. 2.1.2 Beskryf die rol van molekuul 1 tydens hierdie stadium van proteien- sintese. 2.1.3 Gee die volgorde van die stikstofbasisse: {a) By2 (b) Op die DNS/DNA-molekuul wat vir histidien gekodeer het 2.1.4 Tydens die sintese van dieselfde proteien was daar 'n verandering Kopiereg voorbehou in die volgorde van die aminosure omdat alanien deur triptofaan vervang is. Verduidelik die moontlike rede hiervoor. OF iO] Blaai om asseblief (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (9)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 i DBE/Mei/S unie 2024 SSY/NSS Vertroulik 2.2 Beskryf transkripsie. (6) 2.3 Die diagram hieronder ste! metafase I van meiose voor. 2.3.1 Identifiseer deel B. (1) 2.3.2 Noem EEN funksie van deel A. (4) 2.3.3 Verduidelik die bydrae van metafase I vir natuurlike seleksie. (6) Die diagram hieronder toon vier moontlike dogterselle wat aan die einde van hierdie meiose gevorm het. A B c D 2.3.4 Teken sel D wat die ontbrekende 4° chromosoom insluit. (3) (11) Kopiereg voorbehou (a Blaai om asseblief

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 12 DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik 2.4 Sistiese fibrose is 'n genetiese afwyking wat deur 'n resessiewe allee! (b) veroorsaak word. Die stamboomdiagram hieronder toon die oorerwing van sistiese fibrose in 'n sekere familie. O 1 2 3 4 Sleutel: Manlik sonder sistiese fibrose O Vroulik sonder sistiese fibrose | Manlik met sistiese fibrose e Vroulik met sistiese fibrose 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Kopiereg voorbehou Hoeveel generasies word in die diagram hierbo voorgestel? Gee die genotipe van individu 9. Verduidelik waarom beide individue 5 en 6 heterosigoties vir sistiese fibrose moet wees. Deur die letters B en b te gebruik, maak 'n genetiese kruising om die oorerwing van sistiese fibrose te toon wanneer heterosigotiese ouers gekruis word. Blaai om asseblief (1) (1) (4) (6) (12)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 25 Bt-mielies is 'n gewas wat insekte te wees. 13 SS/NSS Vertroulik DBE/Mei/#unie 2024 geneties gemodifiseerd is om weerstandig teen Die tabel hieronder toon die persentasie grond wat gebruik is om Bt-mielies aan te plant en die hoeveelheid insekdoder wat tussen 1995 en 2010 in 'n sekere land gebruik is. Jaar Grond gebruik om Hoeveelheid insekdoder Bt-mielies aan te plant gebruik (%) _(kg per hektaar) 1995 0 0,2 2000 20 0,13 2005 40 0,05 2010 60 0,01 2.5.1 Beskryf hoe genetiese manipulasie van Bt-mielies gedoen is. 2.5.2 Beskryf die verwantskap tussen die grond wat gebruik is om Bt-mielies aan te plant en die hoeveelheid insekdoder wat gebruik is. 2.5.3 Noem TWEE ander eienskappe van plante wat geneties gemanipuleer is om voedselsekerheid te verhoog. 2.5.4 Teken 'n staafgrafiek wat die persentasie grond voorstel wat gebruik is om Bt-mielies vanaf 1995 tot 2010 aan te plant. Kopiereg voorbehou Blaai om asseblief (2) (2) (2) (6) (12) [50]

Downloaded from Loewen, ‘Welenskanpe/V2 14 VRAAG 3 3.1 SS/NSS Vertroulik hlayiso.com DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 Tussen 2012 en 2020 was daar 25 000 individue wat in 'n sekere land aan emofilie gely het. Hemofilie is 'n genetiese afwyking wat deur 'n mutasie Veroorsaak word. Die sirkelgrafiek hieronder toon die persentasie individue met verskillende 9rade van hemofilie in hierdie land. ee. Die persentasie individue met verskillende grade van hemofilie tussen 2012 en 2020 in 'n sekere land Matig; 25% Hoog; 40% Kopiereg vom Ime ehou Verduidelik die effek van hierdie mutasie op 'n individu. Bereken die getal individue in hierdie land wat matig deur hemofilie aangetas is. Toon ALLE berekeninge. Verduidelik waarom daar verwag kan word dat die meeste individue wat deur hemofilie aangetas is, mans sal wees. Blaai om asseblief (2) (2) (3) (7)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 15 DBE/Mei/ #unie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik 3.2 Insekte op eilande sonder bome sal waarskynlik nie vierke hé nie (vler kloos) omdat dit vir hulle gevaarlik is om in 'n area te viieg waar daar sterk wince is. 'n Sekere eiland was eens op 'n tyd toe onder lang bome. Daar het met verloop van jare ontbossing in sekere areas van die eiland plaasgevin d. Op hierdie eiland het insekte, genaamd klipviieé, natuurlike seleksie ondergaan. Sommige het vierke en sommige is vierkloos, afhangend van die area waar hulle voorkom., Die diagram hieronder toon klipviieé met vierke en sonder vierke. sk > Klipviieg met vierke Klipviieg sonder vierke Wetenskaplikes wou die verwantskap tussen die aanwesigheid van lang bome en die vierke van steenviieé bepaal. ¢ Hulle het ses gebiede gekies, waarvan drie lang bome en drie geen bome gehad het nie. e Hulle het duisende klipviieé in elke gebied versamel deur van 'n spesiale net gebruik te maak. ¢ Die monsters is gemerk na aanieiding van die gebied waarin dit versamel is. ¢ Hierdie monsters is almal in die oggend tydens die somer versamel. Die getal klipvlieé met vierke en die wat vierkloos was, is in elke gebied getel en aangeteken. 3.2.1 Identifiseer die: (a) Onafhanklike veranderlike (1) (b) Afhanklike veranderlike (1) 3.2.2 Noem TWEE faktore wat tydens die ondersoek konstant gehou is. (2) 3.2.3 Noem TWEE maniere waarop die betroubaarheid van hierdie ondersoek verseker is. (2) 3.2.4 Verduidelik waarom 'n mens kan verwag dat daar meer vlierklose Klipviieé in die gebiede sonder bome sal wees. (4) 3.2.5 Beskryf hoe Lamarck die evolusie van vierklose klipvlieé in die gebiede sonder bome sou verduidelik. (5) (15) Kopiereg voorbehou 4 Blaai om asseblief

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 16 DBE/Mei/Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik 3.3 Beskryf die proses van spesiasie/spesievorming deur geografiese isolasie. 3.4 Die diagramme hieronder toon die skedels van hominiede. kraniumrif Homo sapiens Gorilla gorilla Homo naledi 3.4.1 Maak 'n lys van DRIE ooreenkomste wai hierdie organismes ten opsigte van sig deel. 3.4.2 Noem EEN spesie in die diagram wat die meeste prognaties was. 3.4.3 Beskryf die TWEE strukture wat veroorsaak het dat die spesie wat in VRAAG 3.4.2 genoem is, die meeste prognaties was. 3.4.4 Home naledi was bipedaal/tweevoetig vir die grootste deel van sy volwasse lewe. Verduidelik hoe die struktuur van Homo naledi se skedel met bipedalisme kon gehelp het. 3.4.5 Beskryf die verskil tussen Homo sapiens en Gorrilla gorilla met betrekking tot die vorm van die: (a) Ruggraat (b) Pelvis/Bekken 3.4.6 Verduidelik waarom die Gorrilla gorilla-spesie 'n kraniumrif het. Kopiereg voorbehou qo} Biaai om asseblief OFAC (7) (3) (1) (2) (3) (2) (2) (2) (15)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Lewenswetenskappe/V2 17 DBE/Mei/_Junie 2024 SS/NSS Vertroulik 3.5 Lees die uittreksel hieronder. Die blomme van die stinkblaar (‘Datura’) maak in die aand cop en stel ‘n kragtige geur vry wat pylstertmotte aantrek. Die stinkblaar produseer 'n hoogs verslawende nektar wat verseker dat die pylstertmotte langer in die blom bly en slegs die stinkblaar_besoek. 3.5.1 Verduidelik TWEE maniere waarop die stinkblaar verseker dat hulle voortplantingsisolering het. 3.5.2 Noem TWEE ander meganismes wat voortplantingsisolering by plante verseker. TOTAAL AFDELING B: GROOTTOTAAL: Kopiereg voorbehou Ea (4) (2) (8) [50] 100 150

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