History Grade 10 North West June 2024 Question Paper (Eng)

PROVINCIAL ASSESSMENT GRADE 10 HISTORY JUNE 2024 ADDENDUM This addendum consists of 6 pages. Please turnover Please turn over

History 2 NW/June 2024 Grade 10 – Addendum QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE BIASED SOCIAL ORDER AND THE TROUBLED ECONOMY LEAD TO THE REVOLUTION IN 1789? SOURCE 1A The following extract focuses on the socio-economic differences between the different estates in France. In addition to economic differences, early modern French society was legally stratified by birth. Its three traditional divisions, or "orders," were the clergy, the nobility, and the common people. Nobles ruled over commoners, but even among commoners, specific individuals (such as officeholders) or groups (such as a particular guild or an entire town) enjoyed privileges unavailable to outsiders. Because these privileges were passed on primarily through inheritance, they tended to constrain social mobility—although without preventing it, since they could also be bought or sold. Thus individuals and groups constantly negotiated with one another and with the crown for more and better privileges. Even as these privileges maintained a close grip on eighteenth-century imaginations, writers of the Enlightenment found them too rooted in tradition and proposed that talent supersede birth as the main determinant of social standing. Even when based on merit, they argued, social differences should not be defined by law, as they were in the old regime's orders. Traditionalists countered that a hierarchy of social orders was necessary to hold society together. When the King called for an Estates-General in 1789, the social tensions plaguing the old regime emerged as a central issue of the Revolution. Traditionally, estates representatives had belonged to one of the three orders of society, and in principle each order had an equal voice before the King. Because nobles dominated the clergy, however, the majority of representatives actually came from the two privileged orders, even though they stood for only 5 percent of the population at most. [From: https://revolution.chnm.org/exhibits/show/liberty--equality--fraternity/social-causes-of revolution. Accessed on 19 February 2024] SOURCE 1B The source below highlights part of the economic difficulties that France faced. The Revolution took shape in France when the controller general of finances, Charles- Alexandre de Calonne, arranged the summoning of an assembly of “notables” (prelates, great noblemen, and a few representatives of the bourgeoisie) in February 1787 to propose reforms designed to eliminate the budget deficit by increasing the taxation of the privileged classes. The assembly refused to take responsibility for the reforms and suggested the calling of the Estates-General, which represented the clergy, the aristocracy, and the Third Estate (the commoners) and which had not met since 1614. The efforts made by Calonne’s successors to enforce fiscal reforms in spite of resistance by the privileged classes led to the so-called revolt of the “aristocratic bodies,” notably that of the parlements (the most important courts of justice), whose powers were curtailed by the edict of May 1788. [From: French Revolution | History, Summary, Timeline, Causes, & Facts | Britannica. Accessed on 19 February 2024] Please turnover Please turn over

History 3 NW/June 2024 Grade 10 - Addendum SOURCE 1C The source below highlights part of the economic difficulties that France faced. For many generations, the people of France had accepted their fate without much reaction. However, the advent of the 18th century saw the rise of the era of enlightenment. (an era which represented a new way of thinking about mankind and the environment). The main advocates of this movement were the philosophers, men like Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu and Rousseau.  They were convinced that it was possible for man to uncover laws which governed society, politics and the economy through reason.  They condemned practices such as absolutism, feudalism and clericalism because they could not be justified by reason.  To deliver society form such evil, they adopted the watchwords: liberty, equality and fraternity which was to become the slogan of the French Revolution [From: New Generation History by Carol-Anne Stephenson et al] SOURCE 1D The source below depicts “The life of people under the Ancien Regime” showing the monarchy, the clergy and the Nobles riding on the back of the 3 rd Estate peasant. [From: https://revolution.chnm.org/exhibits/show/liberty--equality--fraternity/social-causes-of revolution. Accessed on 19 February 2024] Copyright reserved Please turn over

History 4 NW/June 2024 Grade 10 - Addendum QUESTION 2: WHAT HELPED MOSHOESHOE TO BUILD THE BASOTHO NATIONS OUT OF THE SPLINTER GROUPS CREATED BY THE DIFAQANE WARS? SOURCE 2A The source below explains about how Moshoeshoe became the chief ot the Bamokoteli. Also known as Moshesh, Mosheshwe or Mshweshwe. His name was allegedly changed from Lepoqo after a successful raid in which he had sheared the beards of his victims – the word ‘Moshoeshoe’ represented the sound of the shearing. In 1820 Moshoeshoe succeeded his father, Mokhacane, as the chief of the Bamokoteli. His first settlement was at Butha Buthe, but he later built his stronghold at Thaba Bosiu (Mountain of the Night). He united various groups of refugees during the Shaka wars, a period known as the ‘mfecane’ or difaqane (1813-1830), into the Basotho nation. From his capital at Thaba Bosiu, he warded off attacks from many enemies, including Shaka’s Zulus and Mzilikazi’s Ndebele. [ From: https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/king-moshoeshoe. 20 February 2024] ttps://www.sahistory.org.za/people/king-moshoesho SOURCE 2B The extract below explains how Moshoeshoe received refugees and built a nation. In the late 1810s and early ’20s, European land invasions, labour needs, and trade heightened Southern African disturbances and led to migration in the region. Moshoeshoe led his people south to the nearly impregnable stronghold of Thaba Bosiu (“Mountain at Night”) in the western Maloti Mountains, where his following expanded to other African peoples attracted by the protection he was able to provide. He eventually united the various small groups to form the Sotho nation, called Basutoland by English-speaking persons. He strengthened his new nation by raiding local Tembu and Xhosa groups for cattle and adopting the use of horses and firearms. In the cold Highveld he was able to defeat mounted Griqua and Korana raiders with his own mounted cavalry and expanded his control into the Caledon valley. [From: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moshoeshoe. Accessed 20 February 2024] Copyright reserved Please turn over

History 5 NW/June 2024 Grade 10 - Addendum SOURCE 2C This source explains how Moshoeshoe was strategic in pre-empting a move to avoid a war between the Basotho and AmaZulu. Moshoeshoe decided he had to make a plan to protect the Bamokoteli, and so he decided to seek out Shaka Zulu. Shaka and the Zulus were not only powerful, they were also known to be enemies of Matiwane. Moshoeshoe sent a group of Bamokoteli men to where Shaka was staying at the time, the Gibixhegu military kraal. The Bamokoteli presented Shaka with a tribute of lion and leopard skins, elephant tusks and great plumes of feathers. They told King Shaka that Moshoeshoe wanted to be of service when he was needed. They also told him that even though it took them three weeks to reach the Zulu kraal, for they lived west of the Drakensberg region, they would continue to send tributes to Shaka. Shaka responded by telling his kgotla that Moshoeshoe was wise to do so. The Bamokoteli were to deliver tributes every full moon to prove that Moshoeshoe was trustworthy. Then Shaka said to Poho, leader of the Bamokoteli group of messengers, that the Zulus would never steal any Bamokoteli cattle. He even sent 50 oxen with them for Moshoeshoe. [From: https://www.news24.com/citypress/Voices/our-story-no-4-moshoeshoe-forges-a-nation-20160822. Accessed 20 February 2024] SOURCE 2D This photograph shows Moshoeshoe (seated and wearing a long western style hat) together with his traditional council. [From:https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/800pxking_moshoeshoe_of_the_basotho_with_his_mi nisters.jpg. Accessed 20 February 2024 Copyright reserved Please turn over

History 6 NW/June 2024 Grade 10 – Addendum ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Visual sources and historical evidence were taken from the following: French Revolution | History, Summary, Timeline, Causes, & Facts | Britannica. Accessed on 19 February 2023 https://revolution.chnm.org/exhibits/show/liberty--equality--fraternity/social-causes-of revolution. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moshoeshoe. Accessed 20 February 2024 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moshoeshoe. Accessed 20 February 2024 https://www.news24.com/citypress/Voices/our-story-no-4-moshoeshoe-forges-a-nation- 20160822. Accessed 20 February 2024] https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/king-moshoeshoe. 20 February 2024 https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/800px- king_moshoeshoe_of_the_basotho_with_his_ministers.jpg. Accessed 20 February 2024 New Generation History by Carol-Anne Stephenson et al Copyright reserved