L4 Life Orientation Module 10 Advocate Road Safety Measures

Life Orientation: Life Skills NQF 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Advocate road safety measures Module 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com *see terms and conditions

Think about it… • Why are the numbers of road accidents not decreasing significantly? • How many of these accidents could have been prevented? • It has been said: “Drunk driving is not an accident; it is a choice.” Do you agree? Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Unit 10.1 Traffic accidents – effects, causes & prevention Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

What is a traffic accident? • Accident = unexpected event. • Involves a mode of transport (e.g. bicycle, car, or people on foot). • Causes damages to vehicle, people and/or goods. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Effects of traffic accidents on individuals • Medical care & costs • Loss of work time • Need for support & counselling • Financial difficulties • Pain and/or disability • Death. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Effects of traffic accidents on the community • Loss of lives • Loss of breadwinners/financial income • Need for ongoing support • Pressure on medical facilities. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Effects of traffic accidents on work productivity • Loss of skilled workers • Emotional trauma may cause poor concentration & performance • Physical pain and/or disability may affect work • Depression • Need time off for medical care. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Road safety – a national priority • Every year in SA:  Approx. 11 000 people die in road accidents  Accidents cost approx. R307 billion. Figure 10.4: Accident scenes involving fuel or chemical spills need to be cleaned up and made safer for other Downloaded from cost road users; such measures hlayiso.com money

Road safety – a national priority • Government has to supply:  Emergency response & facilities (including medical staff)  Road safety officials  Road safety programmes  Law enforcement  Legal services  Road repairs  Road accident fund & disability grants. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Road safety – a national priority • National road safety initiatives include:  Road Traffic Management Corporation (including National Traffic Police)  Arrive Alive South Africa  South Africans Against Drunk Driving  Road Accident Fund. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.1 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section – and interview a road accident survivor – by completing Learning activity 10.1 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Driver-related causes of traffic accidents Refer to Table 10.1 in your Student’s Book for information about the main causes of driver-related traffic accidents. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.2 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 10.2 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Passenger-related causes of accidents Refer to Table 10.2 in your Student’s Book for information about the main causes of passenger-related traffic accidents. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Other road user-related causes of accidents Refer to Table 10.3 in your Student’s Book for information about the main types of other road users causing traffic accidents. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.3 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 10.3 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Environment-related causes of accidents Refer to Table 10.4 in your Student’s Book for information about the main causes of environment-related traffic accidents. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.4 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 10.4 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Prevention of traffic accidents • Don’t drink & drive. • Don’t speed. • Wear your seatbelt. • Keep your eyes on the road. • Stay aware of your surroundings. • Keep safe following distances. • Stop every two hours to stretch your legs. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Prevention of traffic accidents • Don’t drive tired. • Don’t use your phone while driving. • All legislation needs to be enforced. • Roads need to be Figure 10.10: Wearing a cycle or maintained. motorcycle helmet in the correct way can reduce the risk of severe • Road users need to injury by more than 70% and the risk of death by almost 40% be responsible. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.5 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 10.5 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Unit 10.2 Traffic safety measures, including no drunk driving Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

What is a measure? • Measure = action to prevent something bad from happening. • Traffic safety measures can be:  Part of a vehicle (e.g. a seatbelt)  Road infrastructure (e.g. speed bump)  Law (e.g. speed limit). Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Measures for road safety management • Road safety policy includes:  Government-funded agencies (e.g. Arrive Alive) • Public transport systems • Laws & law enforcement. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Measures for safer roads & mobility • Maintaining old roads • Building safe new roads • Special lanes (e.g. for buses or bicycles) • Pavements & pedestrian crossings. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Measures for safer vehicles • Safety features (e.g. airbags, seatbelts & headrests) • Roadworthy tests (including functioning lights, brakes & tyres). Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Measures for safer road users • Know & obey road signs. • Break up long journeys. • Use car seats for children. • Ensure that any loose items (e.g. bags & shopping) are securely stored. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Measures for safer post-crash response • Know the numbers for emergency services. • Emergency services include:  Traffic police  Ambulance & fire trucks  Tow trucks & private roadside assistance. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.6 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 10.6 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Dangers of drunk driving • Alcohol = main cause of road accidents & deaths. • Alcohol (& some medication) causes:  Drowsiness & blurred vision  Poor concentration  Bad judgement & decision-making  Slow reaction time  Overconfidence and/or aggression. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Dangers to the drunken driver • Impaired abilities. • Drivers found over the limit:  Arrested & charged  Held by police  Criminal record, large fine and/or prison  May lose their licence  Charged with murder if the accident results in someone’s death  No insurance payment. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Dangers to others, property & the environment • Injury or death of:  Passengers  Drivers/passengers in other vehicles  Motorcyclists, cyclists & pedestrians  Animals. • Damage to:  Other vehicles  Property (e.g. walls & buildings). Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.7 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this section – and research data on road deaths in South Africa – by completing Learning activity 10.7 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Unit 10.3 Basic first aid for traffic accident victims Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

What is first aid? • First aid = first assistance/care for an injured person until professional medical treatment is available. • Aim of first aid = to stabilise victims. • Focus on breathing, heartbeat & blood before other injuries. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Basic first aid for accident victims • Secure situation & call for help. • Ask bystanders to assist (especially anyone with medical training). • Ensure the victim is breathing & that there is a pulse. Figure 10.20: Checking for a pulse – note that the person is wearing gloves for protection against possibly Downloaded infected blood; from use a plastic bag hlayiso.com if you don’t have gloves

Basic first aid for accident victims • You may need to do CPR. • Stop excessive bleeding. • Place the person in recovery position Figure 10.23: In the recovery (note: don’t move them if position, the person should they have a back/neck appear to be sleeping on their side, with the arm under injury). them stretched out. The other arm should be across the chest & the hand under the cheek Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Basic first aid for accident victims • Guard against the person going into shock. • Cooperate with emergency staff. Figure 10.24: A protective blanket helps to keep the victim warm and out of deep shock; you could use a jacket, towel or regular blanket Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.8 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this unit – and practise some basic first aid – by completing Learning activity 10.8 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Unit 10.4 Donating blood Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

What is blood donation? • Trained people remove blood from your body. • This blood is stored to be given to someone to save their life. • Transfusion = transfer of blood into the bloodstream of someone else. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Why give blood? • Used for loss of blood in:  Accident victims  People having surgery  Patients with blood disorders  Mothers & babies during or after birth. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Why give blood? • There is a need for different blood products:  Whole blood or red cells, platelets & plasma • Different blood types:  A, B, AB & O  Rhesus (Rh) negative or positive • Needs to be restocked regularly. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Characteristics of a blood donor Refer to Table 10.5 in your Student’s Book for the main requirements for donors of low-risk, safe blood. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

The process of donating blood • Identify a South African National Blood Services (SANBS) clinic. • Eat a healthy meal a few hours before donation. • Take your ID & the names of medications you use. • Complete the questionnaire & interview. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

The process of donating blood • Blood pressure, heart rate & iron levels are checked. • A needle is gently inserted into a vein in the arm & blood is drawn. • Increase fluid intake for six hours. • Avoid exertion for a few hours. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 10.9 Module 10 Test your knowledge of this unit – and start planning a blood donation drive – by completing Learning activity 10.9 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Summative assessment Module 10 Test your knowledge of this module by completing the Summative assessment of Module 10 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Portfolio task 3 Complete Portfolio task 3B in your Student’s Book, or Portfolio task 3A or 3C. This is a formal assessment. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation (Life Skills) NQF Level 4