LO Life Skills Level 4 Module 5

Life Orientation: Life Skills NQF 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Apply advanced cognitive skills & strategies in various contexts Module 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com *see terms and conditions

Think about it… • What are the dangers of making decisions based on your feelings only? • Can a person develop thinking skills? • What does it mean to think logically? Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Unit 5.1 Logical reasoning & argument skills Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

What is logic? • Logic is:  Being able to reason in a clear way  Based on reason & not emotions  Looking at all options. Figure 5.1: Logic disregards emotions, and emotions tend to disregard logic Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Logical reasoning skills Table 5.1: Three main kinds of reasoning Reasoning Explanation Example Inductive Observe specific details and Dennis is a young teenager and the instances, and then generalise girls of his age in his class are taller these to produce a “universal” than him. The same happened to principle that you believe will Ronewa, Cebisile and Phahamo. apply in similar situations. Therefore, at a certain stage, young In other words, go from the boys grow more slowly in height specific to the general. than girls of the same age. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Logical reasoning skills Table 5.1: Three main kinds of reasoning Reasoning Explanation Example Deductive Apply a general principle to an At a certain stage, boys grow idea or statement that you assume more slowly in height than girls to be true (an assumption), and of the same age. Dennis is a then reach a conclusion about the young teenager, so at some idea. In other words, go from the stage the girls of his age in his general to the specific. class will be taller than him. Abductive If you have a general principle and At a certain stage, girls are taller a conclusion, you can formulate a than boys of the same age. It possible idea to support the happened to Dennis, Ronewa, conclusion. In other words, go Cebisile and Phahamo, who from the general and/or specific were between 11 and 14 years to a theoretical explanation. This old, but after age 14 the boys type of reasoning can stimulate caught up with the girls. So it fascinating scientific research. has to do with puberty. It is (probably) caused by hormonal differences between boys and Downloaded from girls during hlayiso.com early adolescence.

Learning activity 5.1 Module 5 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 5.1 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Learning activity 5.2 Module 5 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 5.2 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Logical argument skills • Argument = proving something. • Logical arguments are based on:  Premises  Inferences  Conclusions. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Premises • Premise = statement about something. • Arguments need to be based on premises. • If premises are false, the conclusion will be untrue. • Tentative premises need more investigation. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Premises • True premise = existing, proven fact. • Sometimes true premise = exceptions to so-called facts. • False premise = false information. Figure 5.4: Having shaky or false premises in an argument is like building a wall on a weak foundation, or a foundation that Downloaded is missing quite a few from bricks – sooner hlayiso.com or later the structure will collapse

Learning activity 5.3 Module 5 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 5.3 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Inferences & conclusions • Inference = deduction, assumption or gathered information. • An inference may be hidden. • Premise + inference = conclusion. Figure 5.5: In a good logical argument the pieces (premises) fit together to lead to a valid conclusion – however, what doDownloaded from you do with the piece hlayiso.com of evidence that doesn’t fit?

Learning activity 5.4 Module 5 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 5.4 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Inferences & conclusions • Most conclusions combine logical reasoning & argument skills. • Conclusions can also be:  “Both – and”  “Either/or”  “Neither/nor”. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 5.5 Module 5 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 5.5 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Learning activity 5.6 Module 5 Test your knowledge of this section – and practise your logical reasoning and argument skills – by completing Learning activity 5.6 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Unit 5.2 Reflective thinking – strategies & techniques Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

The concept of reflective thinking • To reflect = think seriously about something. • Reflective thinking = critical thinking:  Analyse  Assess  Evaluate  Judge. • Organise your thoughts clearly. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Using reflective thinking to solve problems 1. Define the problem. 2. Describe the existing situation. 3. Select criteria for judging solutions. 4. Analyse the problem more. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Using reflective thinking to solve problems 5. Make the problem as specific as possible. 6. Think of things you haven’t considered. 7. Suggest solutions. 8. Select the best solution. 9. Decide how to apply the solution. 10. Evaluate whether the problem will be solved well. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 5.7 Module 5 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 5.7 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Reflective strategies & techniques • Verbal reflection, for example:  Talk to peers.  Interview the relevant person.  Give verbal feedback.  Describe the problem. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Reflective strategies & techniques • Visual reflection, such as:  Keep a diary.  Use mind maps.  Formulate SMART goals.  Make to-do lists. • Introspective reflection, for instance:  Think back.  Use good new habits.  Practise ways to reduce stress.  Keep track of progress. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 5.8 Module 5 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 5.8 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Summative assessment Module 5 Test your knowledge of this module by completing the Summative assessment of Module 5 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation (Life Skills) NQF Level 4