LO Life Skills Level 4 Module 9

Life Orientation: Life Skills NQF 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Advocate helpful ways to deal & live with HIV, Aids & opportunistic infections Module 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com *see terms and conditions

Think about it… • Does nutrition play a role in handling HIV & Aids? • When is the best time to start with ARVs? • If Aids is no longer a death sentence, is it still a life sentence? Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Unit 9.1 Antiretrovirals & nutrition for people with HIV & Aids Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

HIV & Aids • HIV = human immunodeficiency virus. • Aids = acquired immune deficiency syndrome. • HI virus enters body & binds to CD4 glycoprotein on T-helper cells. • Duplicates itself. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

HIV & Aids • HIV ‘reprogrammes’ T-helper cells to make them useless. • Aids occurs when the HIV-positive person’s CD4 count drops from 500–1 200 to fewer than 200. • Someone with Aids has a compromised immune system. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

What ARVs are & how they work • ARV = antiretroviral. • ARV = drug to reduce or stop a retrovirus like HIV. • Some ARVs prevent HIV from entering host cells. • Some ARVs don’t allow HIV to reproduce. • Combination of ARVs for treatment is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). Downloaded from hlayiso.com

When ARVs should be used Refer to Table 9.1 in your Student’s Book for more information about ARVs & ART. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

When ARVs should be used Two disadvantages of ARVs: 1. Drugs may have side-effects. 2. If people don’t take their ARVs as prescribed, the virus can become resistant to treatment. Figure 9.3: You could use the reminder function or an alarm on your phone to keep track of Downloaded when from you need to take hlayiso.com any medication

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Click above to play this video. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 9.1 Module 9 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 9.1 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Suitable nutrition for people with HIV & Aids • People with compromised immune systems need more nutrients. • May have decreased appetite, but energy use is higher. • Stomach issues may cause lost nutrients. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Suitable nutrition for people with HIV & Aids • May lose weight & feel tired. • Muscles may become weaker. • Poor diet weakens immune system further. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Guidelines for a nutritional plan for HIV-positive people • Must be sustainable. • Needs to include all food groups. • Rather have more small meals than a few large meals. Figure 9.4: Eat vegetables that are in season (they are cheaper); they can be used either raw in salads Downloaded or cooked in from stir-fries, oven hlayiso.com bakes, soups and stews

Guidelines for a nutritional plan for HIV-positive people • Meals should contain different colours. • Avoid food that is too oily, spicy, acidic or salty. • Check whether medicine must be taken before or after a meal. • Have healthy snacks. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Basic components of a nutritional plan • Food groups needed include:  Various carbohydrates  3–4 servings/day of protein  Small amounts of healthy fats  Vitamins & minerals  Water. • Refer to Example 9.2 in your Student’s Book for a sample menu. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Main food groups in a nutritional eating plan Refer to Table 9.2 in your Student’s Book for more information about different food groups & examples. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Helpful ways to deal with HIV & Aids • Test your HIV status at least once a year. • Get medical treatment for infections, sores, fevers & rashes. • Take ARVs as prescribed. • Don’t infect others. • Make healthy life choices. • Vaccinate against STIs. • Follow a healthy diet & get enough sleep. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Click above to play this video. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 9.2 Module 9 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 9.2 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Unit 9.2 A supportive work environment for employees with HIV & Aids Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

What employers can do Refer to Table 9.3 in your Student’s Book for information about what employers can do to support HIV-positive employees. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

What colleagues can do • Follow the points outlined in Table 9.3. • Assist with work tasks where necessary. • Don’t discriminate; rather try to learn from & include other people. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Click above to play this video. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 9.3 Module 9 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 9.3 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Unit 9.3 Discrimination, stigma & human rights violations of people with HIV, Aids & TB Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

What is discrimination? • Discrimination = treating people differently because of the group they belong to (and not based their own qualities). • Stigma = treating an individual badly because of who they are or because of something they have done. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Discrimination & stigma in the workplace • Employees may be treated badly:  Verbally  Physically  Socially  Institutionally. • See Example 9.4 Figure 9.12: Unfair discrimination in your Student’s Book. ignorance or exaggerated fears is often the result of personal bias, Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Human rights violations in the workplace • Include any actions that ignore or harm basic human rights. • See Example 9.5 & Case study 9.1 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Click above to play this video. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Ways to counteract discrimination in the workplace • Legislation • Company policy • Education • Other measures, such as:  Ensure safe environment  Effective infection control  Grievance procedures. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Click above to play this video. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 9.4 Module 9 Test your knowledge of this section by completing Learning activity 9.4 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Unit 9.4 Prevention & cure of tuberculosis Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Click above to play this video. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

What is TB? • Tuberculosis (TB) = illness caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. • The body responds by covering up bacteria with immune cells, but the bacteria live inside these tubercles (nodules). • Can cause growths in lungs & other organs. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Spread of TB TB can be spread through: • Air • Contact • Breakdown of nodules • Primary infection spreading in the body. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Prevention of TB • Be vaccinated. • Have skin tests done. • Avoid exposure to infected air. • Avoid contact with infected items. • Have contacts screened. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Prevention of TB • Ensure good ventilation. • Observe good hygiene. • Eat healthily. • Follow a healthy lifestyle. • Follow the course of medicines. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Cure of TB • Early detection & treatment are essential. • Take medication as prescribed. • Live healthily. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Click above to play this video. Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Learning activity 9.5 Module 9 Test your knowledge of this unit by completing Learning activity 9.5 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Summative assessment Module 9 Test your knowledge of this module by completing Summative assessment of Module 9 in your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation NQF Level 4

Mathematics NQF Level 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Life Orientation (Life Skills) NQF Level 4