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Sport and Exercise hlayiso.com

Subject: Sport And Exercise ScienceGrade 12201836 pages

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Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2018 SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE EXAMINATION NUMBER Time: 3 hours 300 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. This question paper consists of 36 pages. Please check that your question paper is complete. 2. All the questions must be answered on the question paper. 3. Read the questions carefully. 4. Use the total marks awarded for each question as an indication of the detail required. 5. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly. FOR MARKER'S USE ONLY Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total Marks 36 8 5 6 24 26 14 29 47 17 9 32 12 9 6 20 300 Obtained IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 2 of 36 SECTION A QUESTION 1 Match a description in column B to the term in column A. Write only the letter of your chosen description in the table below. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.1 biofeedback A A progressive reduction of training load in an attempt to reduce the demands of training and to optimise performance. 1.2 macrocycle B Caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. 1.3 Functional Movement C This occurs when the body produces or absorbs Screening more heat than it can dissipate. 1.4 Shoulder Mobility Test D A thin, contractile protein filament. 1.5 myosin E A decreased capacity for work that slowly develops when there is an imbalance between stress and rest. 1.6 tapering F Stress management technique that uses electronic instruments. 1.7 in-line lunge test G A force causing resistance in water or in the air. 1.8 hyperthermia H A thick, contractile protein filament. 1.9 overtraining I A grading system used to record movement patterns. 1.10 drag J A long plan of training aimed at achieving a long- term goal. 1.11 hypothermia K Test bilateral shoulder range of motion. 1.12 actin L Caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. Answers: 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 [36] IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 3 of 36 QUESTION 2 State which lever class is depicted in each of the pictures below. Write your answer in the space provided below. Picture A Picture B [Source: <https://baseball+batter.> [Source: <https://1st+class+lever&source.> Accessed 29/1/18] Accessed 29/118] Picture C Picture D [Source: <https://bicep+curl&oq=bicep+curl.> [Source: <https://calf+raises.> Accessed 29/1/18] Accessed 29/1/18] Answers: Picture A: ______________________ (2) Picture B: ______________________ (2) Picture C: ______________________ (2) Picture D: ______________________ (2) [8] IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 4 of 36 QUESTION 3 Outline AND shade in the Base of Support in each of the following pictures. Picture A [Source: <https://wwwdance&g>R Accessed 29/1/18] (3) Picture B [Source: <https://kneel+on+hands> Accessed 29/1/18] (2) [5] IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 5 of 36 QUESTION 4 Match one of the terms provided to the motion found in each picture. Write your answer in the space provided below. Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3 (ice skater spinning) [Source: (gymnast on high bar) [<https://ice+skating+spin> <https://froome&oq=froome> [Source:<https://gymnastgiant+circle Accessed 29/1/18] Accessed 29/1/18] +on+bar&gs> Accessed 29/1/18] Terms: A – angular motion B – linear motion C – general motion Answers: Picture 1: _______________ (2) Picture 2: _______________ (2) Picture 3: _______________ (2) [6] IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 6 of 36 QUESTION 5 Study the graph below and then answer the questions that follow. A The energy continuum B C [Source: <https://www.google.energy+systems>. Accessed 5/3/18] 5.1 State which curve best represents the: (a) aerobic energy system ___________________ (2) (b) ATP/PC energy system ___________________ (2) (c) lactic acid system ___________________ (2) 5.2 State which energy system(s) require oxygen. _____________________________ (2) 5.3 Name ONE by-product of the aerobic system. (1) 5.4 What intensity does the ATP/PC system operate in? _____________________________ (1) 5.5 What fuel sources do the aerobic systems use? (2) 5.6 What effect does lactic acid have on performance? (1) 5.7 Name one by-product of the ATP/PC system. (1) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 7 of 36 5.8 Complete the following table of various sporting activities by selecting which of the three energy systems is mostly used to provide energy for that activity. Tick the appropriate column. ENERGY SYSTEMS ATP/PC system Lactic acid system Aerobic system 400 m sprint Arm wrestling Basketball jump shot Race walking Volleyball spike (10) [24] 79 marks IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 8 of 36 SECTION B QUESTION 6 6.1 Complete the table below by naming two factors under each of the headings that could cause obesity. Economic Cultural/Societal Environmental Factor 1: (2) (2) (2) Factor 2: (2) (2) (2) 6.2 Expand on ONE factor from each column explaining how it impacts on or could cause obesity. (a) Economic: (2) (b) Cultural/Societal: (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 9 of 36 (c) Environmental: (2) 6.3 Suggest FOUR strategies that could be implemented in South Africa to slow down or prevent the development of childhood obesity. (4) 6.4 Office workers tend to gain weight due to the sedentary nature of their job. Recommend FOUR exercises that an office worker could perform while seated at a desk. (4) [26] IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 10 of 36 QUESTION 7 Study the graphs below and then answer the questions that follow. Graph A: White bread Graph B: Lentils [Source: <https://high+gi+food&source>. Accessed 30/1/18] 7.1 Explain the difference between the blood glucose responses to the two foods: what is different and why? (8) 7.2 How might an athlete use this knowledge to their advantage? (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 11 of 36 7.3 What is the glycaemic index? (4) [14] QUESTION 8 Examine the graph below depicting the Yerkes-Dodson Inverted-U hypothesis. 8.1 Complete the table below by identifying the mental and physical state of the athlete in each of the zones depicted. Zone A Zone B Zone C 1. 1. 1. Name two mental states 2. 2. 2. (2) (2) (2) 1. 1. 1. Name two physical states 2. 2. 2. (2) (2) (2) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 12 of 36 8.2 Explain why athletes may have differing levels of optimal arousal. (8) 8.3 Provide TWO stress-management techniques that could be used to control anxiety. (4) 8.4 How can a coach move someone from an under-aroused state to the optimal state? (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 13 of 36 8.5 How can a coach move someone from an over-aroused state to the optimal state? (2) 8.6 Which of the following is necessary for an athlete to achieve optimal performance? Write the letter of your choice. A – balance between mental rehearsal and stress B – maximum levels of stress C – balance between anxiety and arousal (1) [29] IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 14 of 36 QUESTION 9 Read the information in the following source and then answer the questions that follow. SIZE MATTERS ARMS Being 1,95 m tall allows Usain Bolt His large, muscular arms to take longer (and fewer) steps over a act like pendulums, counter- 100 m race than his smaller rivals. balancing his pumping legs to In London 2012 he took 41 strides to keep him steady. win the Olympic final. His competitors take on average 44 strides to get over the finish line. Why is Usain Bolt so quick? LEGS TRAINING He has longer legs than the average In the run-up to the Olympic sprinter competing in the 100 m. Games, Bolt would have required Although this gives him bigger strides more energy than during the there's a drawback too. Longer legs Games itself. take longer to accelerate and give him weak starts. 9.1 Why would Usain Bolt need more energy before the Olympic Games than during the Games? (2) 9.2 What is meant by the term "carbo-load"? (3) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 15 of 36 9.3 Why do endurance athletes need to carbo-load? (4) 9.4 Name TWO types of foods that an athlete would eat when carbo-loading. (2) 9.5 Why is it so important for an athlete to eat protein? (3) 9.6 What is Usain Bolt's predominant muscle fibre type? (2) 9.7 (a) Bolt has several anatomical advantages over his rivals. Name THREE physical advantages mentioned in the source. Advantage 1: (1) Advantage 2: (1) Advantage 3: (1) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 16 of 36 (b) Select ONE of these anatomical advantages and explain why it is advantageous. (2) 9.8 What are the effects of cardiac hypertrophy and bradycardia on Usain's heart during training? (4) 9.9 (a) Explain the term "VO 2 max". (4) (b) What is the relationship between VO 2 max and aerobic performance? (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 17 of 36 9.10 The diagram below depicts Bolt's reaction time. Provide labels for A, B and C. C Starting gun Bolt starts to Bolt finishes the goes off move race A B A refers to (2) B refers to (2) C refers to (2) 9.11 How would a coach design a one-year training program using periodisation? (7) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 18 of 36 9.12 Why should periodisation be included when planning and designing a training program? (3) [47] IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 19 of 36 QUESTION 10 10.1 Explain the role of actin and myosin filaments during muscular contractions. (4) Refer to the diagrams below to answer 10.2 and 10.3 A B C [Source: <https://weightlifting&source> Accessed 5/2/18] 10.2 Explain the function(s) of both the Golgi tendon AND muscle spindles in the pictures above. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 20 of 36 (8) 10.3 By referring to the pictures on the previous page, explain the "all-or-none law". (5) [17] QUESTION 11 Consider the following situation: An athlete (A) is on a training run. After about 10 minutes she reaches an aerobic steady state. Up ahead she notices another athlete (B) coming from a different direction and about 50 m ahead of her. Athlete A is competitive so she decides to increase her speed in order to pass athlete B. 11.1 Where will the extra ATP needed to increase her pace come from? (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 21 of 36 11.2 Once athlete A has overtaken athlete B, she has to maintain her new pace in order to stay ahead. Which energy system will athlete A predominantly use now? (2) 11.3 How does athlete A "pay back" oxygen debt? (1) 11.4 Describe lactic acid debt in the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) process. (4) [9] IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 22 of 36 QUESTION 12 12.1 Technology has impacted on most sports, including tennis. (a) List FOUR advances in technology found in tennis. (4) (b) Explain how each of the four advances in technology listed above has improved tennis. (8) 12.2 Explain the impact of a "fast" court on a tennis player's opponent. (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 23 of 36 12.3 How is it that wrist flexor muscles can perform delicate, fine movements like holding a pen and yet can also perform a gross movement like gripping a tennis racket? Use words like motor unit and muscle fibres. (5) 12.4 Below is a graph depicting a tennis player's reaction time. Response time (milliseconds) Number of possible responses Interpret the data in this graph. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 24 of 36 (6) 12.5 What is the difference between the distance that can be achieved by a topspin shot and a backspin shot? (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 25 of 36 12.6 Using the following graph on force summation, describe what the athlete is doing incorrectly when hitting a tennis forehand shot. SEQUENTIAL FORCE SUMMATION Arm and hand Force Shoulder Trunk Hips Leg & ankle Time IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 27 of 36 QUESTION 13 Explain and apply each of Newton's laws to the picture of a soccer player below. [Source: <https://www.soccerplayer+kickingball> Accessed 31/1/18] Newton's first law: (2) Application of law: (2) Newton's second law: (2) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 29 of 36 QUESTION 14 In the pictures below the gymnast is performing a handstand. Use the pictures and the words provided to write a brief description of the gymnast's movements. A B C centre of gravity base of support action stable unstable reaction balance line of gravity angular momentum Movement A: (3) Movement B: (3) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 30 of 36 Movement C: (3) [9] QUESTION 15 All Olympic shot putters are taller than 180 cm and weigh at least 100 kg. They can also run the 100 m in approximately 11 seconds. How would each of these attributes be an advantage to them? [6] IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 31 of 36 QUESTION 16 SOURCE A [Source: <https://www.google.co.za/early+specializationsports&safe> Accessed 3/6/18] SOURCE B Youth sports burnout Most of us are familiar with feeling burned out. What you might not know is that young athletes are capable of getting burned out, too. Burnout is defined by sport psychologists as "physical/ emotional exhaustion, sport devaluation, and reduced athletic accomplishment". This is an important issue in youth sports because it is thought to contribute to dropping out of sports altogether. Given the tremendous benefits that accompany exercise and sport participation, the athlete who gives up sport participation is also giving up the important health benefits. Even at a young age, children are developing lifestyle patterns that will carry over into adulthood. Active youth are much more likely to be active adults. But if we allow our youth to become burned out of sports, this may become a barrier to leading a healthy lifestyle as an adult. [Source: <http://educatedsportsparent.com/athlete-burnout/>] SOURCE C Bjorn Borg assessed what tennis truly meant to him During a seven-year stretch, Borg won eleven Grand Slam titles, including five straight Wimbledons and six French Open championships – a record until Rafael Nadal broke it in 2012. The Swede was also the first player ever to earn more than a million dollars in prize money in a single tennis season. And yet, at 26, during the peak of his career, he retired. Borg has admitted that he lost the burning drive and passion to succeed in the sport. [Jordan Schultz The Huffington Post] IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE Page 32 of 36 Carefully read the provided sources, as well as the rubric. Use them to answer the following question. Write an essay of 250–300 words in which you argue that early specialisation in sport is detrimental to an athlete. To answer this question you are expected to: • Present an in-depth argument that convincingly supports this statement. • Examine the source material carefully and use the information in the sources to best develop your argument. • Integrate your own relevant sport science knowledge into your argument. • Use real-life examples to support your argument. ESSAY RUBRIC Possible 1 mark 2 marks 3 marks 4 marks mark (20) Statement Vague. Clear statement Disagree with made. 2 statement in essay. Use of Reference made Reference made Several and Source detail knowledge from to one source to two sources. appropriate fully utilised to sources only. references support 4 made to all argument. sources. Content Repetition mostly Repetition relevance avoided. mostly avoided. Some minor Some minor digression. digression. Supporting Supporting 2 argument argument relevant. relevant. Quality of source extracts accurate. Quality of Writing consists of Reasoning Supports the Strongly argument facts with little correct but hard statement. supports the supporting linkage or to follow. Reasoning is statement. statement reasoning. Some linkage clear. Reasoning is evident. Minor errors in very clear and flow. succinct. 4 Linkage is Flow is logical. sometimes Compelling with missed. regular linkage. Well-integrated argument. Use of own Some facts Some facts Many facts Many facts knowledge beyond the beyond the beyond the beyond the sources given to sources given to sources given to sources given ×2 support argument. support support to support 8 argument AND argument. argument AND integrated into integrated into the argument. the argument. IEB Copyright © 2018