Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 KZN Prelim 2023 Question Paper

ij KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE EDUCATION REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA ,.��---------------­ II ---------------�� 11 II II II II II II II II II II. II II II II II II ,��-------------- -----------------�., II II II MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours Stanmorepl1ysics This question paper consists of 16 pages.

Geography P1 2 ' September 2023 Preparatory Examination Downloaded from Stanmorephiysics.com INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. 10. 11. 12. 13. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS: SECTION A QUESTION2/CLIMATE AND WEATHER (60) QUESTION#12, GEOMORPHOLOGY (60) SECTION B QUESTION : 3 GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) Answer ALL THREE questions in the ANSWER BOOK provided. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. Leave a line open between subsections of questions answered. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number your answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Do NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. Answer in FULL SENTENCES except where you have to state, name, identify or list. The unit of measurement MUST be given in the final answer, where applicable, e.g. 10km, 4°C, east. You may use a non-programmable calculator. You may use a magnifying glass. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. 15. 16 17. A 1:50 000 topographical map 2930CA MERRIVALE and a 1 : 10-000 orthophoto map 2930 CA 5 MERRIVALE are provided. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographical map/represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. Marks will be allocated for steps in calcuations. The topographical and orthophoto map must be handed in to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over

Geography P1 3 ownloaded from Stanmorephysics.com September 2023 Preparatory Examination SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1. Refer to the Sketch map below which illustrates berg wind conditions over the coast at XajChoose the word/term from between brackets that makes the statemefititrue.. Write the answer next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.4:7)}in the ANSWER BOOK e.g., 1.1.8 South Africa. South Africa [Source: adapted from South African Weather Patterns) 1.1.1 Berg wind conditions are regarded as a (winter/summer) phenomena on South Africa 1.1.2 The low pressure cell in the sketch is a (cut off low / coastal low). 1.1.3 Berg winds blow (from the interior of South Africa / from the sea toward South Africa). 1.1.4 The wind that blows at X is a (dry / humid) wind. 4.1.5 The temperature at X is going to (increase / decrease). 1.1.6 Berg winds leads to a (greater / smaller) chance of veld fires occurring. 1.1.7 Berg winds occur when a (cold front is approaching / has already passed over) the area. (7x 1)(7)

Geography P1 4 September 2023 Preparatory Examination Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 1.2 Choose the term/concept from COLUMN B that completes the statement in COLUMN A. Write down only Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.9 Y. Copyright Reserved Average South Temperature | Vegetation D ee North A ty. 9F99e9, Place | pay! night : ay Pine tree . A 48°C 38°C plantation : s Citrus fruit y GO oy 20; farms vs iA B 14°C 2c (Orange and iB. EP lemons) y Deciduous c 24°C 14°C fruit farms (Peaches and ~ grapes) +—— Floodplain ——» [Source: Adapted from Understanding Geography] COLUMN A COLUMN B : Y. Macro climate 1.2.1. The study of climate over a small area z Micro climate . . Y. Southern 1.2.2 The sketch above represents a valley in the ... hemisphere Zz. Northern . », Y. Direct 1.2.3 Slope A receives ... sun’s rays Z. Oblique . : . Y. Fog 1.2.4 When the air at B drops to below freezing point ... forms Z Frost a Y. Deciduous 1.2.5. ... fruit is planted on slope C. Z. Citrus 1.2.6 The average temperature range between day and night at | Y. 38°C place Cis... z. 10°C 1.2.7 People living in settlement D are most affected by pollution | Y. Day during the ... zZ. Night 1.2.8 The geometric shape of the buildings in settlement labelled [Y. larger E causes ... surface area to absorb sun’s heat z. smaller (8 x 1) (8) Please Tum Over

Geography P41 5 ownloaded from Stanmorephysics.com September 2023 Preparatory Examination 1.3. Refer to the sketch below, showing a plan view of a mid-latitude Cyclone in the mature stage. [Source adapted from: www.quora.com/How-do-mid-latitude-cyclones] 1.3.1 State the general direction of movement of mid-latitude cyclone. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.3.1. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 Draw a fully labelled cross-section from A to B on the mid-latitude cyclone. Indicate the following on the cross section: (a) Cloud cover (b) Air masses (c) Front (4 x 1) (4) 1.3.4. Discuss TWO negative impacts of the mid-latitude cyclones on the physical environment. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Suggest TWO precautionary measures the local authorities can put in place to alert (warn) the following groups of people. (a) Road users (b) Fishing communities (2 x 2) (4)

Geogr HYP cS September 2023 Preparatory Examination NSC 1.4 Refer to the infographic on Tropical Cyclone Cheneso. TROPICAL CYCLONE CHENESO CAUSES DEADLY FLOODING IN MADAGASCAR Tropical Cyclone Cl straight days. Th in the waters nea eso blasted Madagascar with flooding rain and damaging winds for 10 rm, which first strengthened into a tropical storm on January 18, meandered adagascar for nearly two weeks, making two landfalls during that time. The cyclone then cro: the country and emerged into the waters of the Mozambique Channel. The warm tropical wa f the channel allowed Cheneso to peak as a tropical cyclone on Wednesday, January 25, prior to making a second landfall on Thursday, this time on the western coast of Madagascar. Authorities in the country confirmed wind gusts as high as-170 km/h, equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane in the Atlantic or East Pacific ocean basin. Cheneso later strengthened into a tropical cyclone on 25 January 2023. The system continued moving southeast, before transitioning into a post-tropical depression on 29 January. Humanitarians and authorities also supported post-storm preparation and relief efforts, as millions were expected Source: Adapted from: https://zoom.earth/storms/cheneso-2023to be impacted. PRntirna-hitne: Shinlaaad

Geography P1 1.5 jownloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 1.4.1 According to the extract what is a category 2 storm? 1.4.2 Refer to the satellite image of Tropical Cyclone Cheneso. (a) Converging air circulates in a (anticlockwise/clockwise) direction around the centre of the cyclone. (b) /20Give ONE reason why the eye of the cyclone is: (i) calm (ii) cloudless 1.4.3. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain why Tropical Cyclone Cheneso was downgraded from a category 2 hurricane September 2023 Preparatory Examination (1 x 2) (2) (1x 1)(1) (2 x 2)(4) strength system to a post- tropical depression. (i.e. started dissipating) Refer to the sketch below depicting a line thunderstorm. South Indian HP Atlantic HP [Source: Adapted from: South African Weather Patterns] 1.5.1 Why is the line labelled A refered to as a moisture front? 1.5.2 Identify the winds labelled X and Y that converge at the: moisture front. 4.5.3 Indicate which ONE of the two winds, X or Y, mentioned/in QUESTION 1.5.2 is colder and drier. 1.5.4 Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.5.3. 1.5.5 Explain why line thunderstorms develop to the east of the moisture front. 1.5.6 Suggest TWO ways in which line thunderstorms can impact positively on the physical (natural) environment. (4 x 2) (8) (1 x 2)(2) (2 x 1) (2) (1 x 1)(1) (1 x 2)(2) (2 x 2) (4) (2 x 2)(4)

Geography P1 8 September 2023 Preparatory Examination NSC Downloaded from Stanmorephiysics.com QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 Choose the word/term from COLUMN B that matches the statement in COLUMN A. Write down only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B f . A Y. Source 2.1.1. The startiagipoint of a river Zz Mouth 2.1.2 Point where two or more streams join Y. Catchment Z. Confluence 2.1.3 High-lying area that separates two streams in the same Y. Watershed river system z. Interfluve 2.1.4 Water that flows in complex circular movements Y. Laminar Zz. Turbulent Y. Water table 2.1.5 Upper level of ground water z. Aquifer 2.1.6 Water found below the surface Y. Groundwater Z. Lake 2.1.7 A river that is younger than the underlying rock structure Y. Superimposed over which its flows Zz. Antecedent A p Y. Graded 2.1.8 A river profile that has many obstacles along its course Zz. Ungraded (8 x 1)(8) 2.2 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A — D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 B. Refer to the sketches below to answer QUESTIONS 2.2.1 to 2.2.3 A B y i x ie [Source: Examiner's own sket¢h] 2.2.1 The drainage pattern illustrated (shown) in sketch A is ... A. dendritic B. trellis c. radial D. rectangular Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography P1 ownloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 September 2023 Preparatory Examination The stream order of the river system in sketch B at point X is ... A. 1 B. 2 Cc. 3 D. 4 The drainage patter illustrated (shown) in sketch B is associated with ... A. frocks which have varying resistance to erosion B. rocks which have uniform resistance to erosion Cc. rocks which have many joints D. rocks which are geologically young This type of river only flows after heavy rainfall: A. periodic B. exotic Cc. perennial D. episodic The ability of rock to allow water to pass through it: A. non-porous B. impervious Cc. permeability D. precipitation TWO factors that result in a lower rate of infiltration: (i) light rain (ii) heavy rain (iii) | steep gradient (iv) — gentle gradient A (i) and (ii) B. (ii) and (iii) C. (iii) and (iv) D (i) and (iv) A lower rate of infiltration will result in a: (i) higher stream order (ii) higher drainage density (iii) | higher water table (iv) higher soil moisture content A. (i)and (ii) B. (ii) and (ii) C. (ili) and (iv) D. (i) and (iv) (7 x 1)(7)

Geography P1 10 September 2023 Preparatory Examination co Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 2.3 Refer to the sketch below showing a waterfall and rapids. Hard Rock Waterfall Retreats Overhanging rock Plunge pool Soft Rock [ Pune poo! | Hard Rock Soft Rock Fallen Rocks Rapids [Source: https://www.geographypods.com/21-river-festures.html] 2.3.1 In which course of a river are waterfalls and rapids usually found? (1 x 1)(1) 2.3.2 Explain how the plunge pool forms at the base of a waterfall. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.3 Give TWO positive impacts of waterfalls for people. (2 x 2) (4) Refer to the rapids on the diagram. 2.3.4. Suggest ONE negative impact of rapids on transportation in rivers. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.5 Explain how rapids form. (2.x 2) (4) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography P’ 11 September 2023 Preparatory Examination ownloaded from Stanmorephysfcs.com 2.4 Refer to the sketches below on the river capture (stream piracy). BEFORE-RIVER CAPTURE AFTER RIVER CAPTURE Low-lying river High-lying river Low-lying river High-lying river = 2 = Captured BE ge stream i 8 = Captor = stream = = » Misfit = = . = = . stream = i : River A ~ River B River A River B [SourcesExaminer’s own sketch] 2.4.1. Give TWO reasons why the captor stream eroded through the watershed. (2 x 1)(2) 2.4.2 Name the process of erosion that occurred in river C that caused river capture to take place. (1x 1)(1) 2.4.3 River A becomes rejuvenated after river capture. Give TWO characteristics of a rejuvenated river. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.4 Explain the processes that resulted in the formation of the misfit stream. (2 x 2)(4) 2.4.5 Discuss how river capture will have a negative impact on farming around the misfit stream (river B). (3 x 2) (6)

Geography P1 12 September 2023 Preparatory Examination Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 2.5 Refer to the extract below on catchment and river management. UMGENI RIVER... Sewage polluted-beaches pose a threat to the holiday makers and the environment. Escherichia coli{E.coli) in water pose a threat to human health as well as aquatic ecosystems. About 80% ofthe pollution in the sea originates on land. Various pollutants like (chemicals, nutrients, litter, heavy metals and other toxic substances) are carried by streams and rivers from different land use activities such as farms, industries and urban areas to sea. The extent and frequency of pollution can make rivers and oceans water unsafe for humans. It also leads to large-scale environmental destruction such as fish deaths. The ageing water infrastructure has steadily decayed due to non-maintenance, lack of human capacity and financial resources, poor water governance and delayed-or no-actions to address the deposition of sewage into various water courses such as the Umgeni River, and ultimately out to sea [Adapted from: Anja du Plessis. www.news24.com 2.5.1 What does the abbreviation E.coli stand for? (1 x 1)(1) 2.5.2 State TWO pollutants, from the extract that contributed to the pollution. (2 x 1)(2) 2.5.3. According to the extract the ageing water infrastructure is one of the causes of chemical spills and sewage pollution. Suggest TWO ways in which this problem can be addressed by the municipality. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.4 As amember of eThekwini municipality environmental committee suggest possible strategies that can be implemented to eliminate the causes of river pollution mentioned in the extract. (4 x 2)(8) [60] Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

September 2023 Preparatory Examination S°9§8Wrloaded from Stanmorephysics.com SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON MERRIVALE Coordinates: 29°31'S; 30°14°E Merrivale is a town in the Umgungundlovu District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. It is 145 km north-west of Durban and 5 km south-east of Howick. Merrivale experiences warm wet summers and dry winter seasons. The temperatures between winter and summer range from 5°C to 32°C. The topography within the surroundings of Merrivale varies in elevation from 4 018 metres to 2 308,8 metres above sea level. [Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrivale] The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographical map. ENGLISH AFRIKAANS Diggings Delwery Mooi River Mooirivier Sewerage works Rioolwerke Nature Reserve Natuurreservaat

Geography P1 be September 2023 Preparatory Examination Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 3.1. MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 In which province is Merrivale? (1x 1)(1) 3.1.2 30 in thesmap index 2930 CA refers to ... A longitude B code Cc graticule D latitude (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3. The scale of 1:10 000 shows a ... area and ... detail as itis a larger scale than 1:50 000 (i) larger (ii) smaller (iii) less (iv) more A (i) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) Cc (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv) (1 x 1)(1) 3.1.4 Calculate the area of block A1 on the orthophoto map in km. Formula: Area = Length(L) x Breadth(B) (5 x 1) (5) 3.1.5 Determine the true bearing from spot height 1388, in block D4, to Trigonometrical Station 156, in block D3, on the topographical map. (1 x 1)(1) 3.1.6 The magnetic declination for 2023 is 25° 45' west of true north. Use your answer to QUESTION 3.1.5 to calculate the present magnetic bearing. Formula: MB = True bearing (TB) + Magnetic declination (MD) (1 x 1)(1) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

"56Wnloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 3.2 September 2023 Preparatory Examination MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 Feature 6 in block B3 on the orthophoto map represents a ... A hiking trail. B railway line. Cc toad. D power line. (1x 1)(1) The natural feature/landform at G in block D3 on the topographical map is a... A gap. B pass. Cc spur. D valley. (1x 1)(1) Refer to block C2 on the orthophoto map. (a) Name the local wind that blows during the day in the valley. (1 x 1)(1) (b) Explain how the wind mentioned in QUESTION 3.2.3(a) forms. (1 x 2)(2) (c) Discuss the significance of this wind to the local people living in the valley. (1 x 2)(2) Refer to the rivers in block C4 on the topographical map. (a) State the general direction in which these rivers are flowing. (1 x 1)(1) (pb) How do dam walls assist in identifying the direction in which these rivers are flowing? (1 x 2)(2) Refer to the orthophoto map. (a) | E40n the orthophoto map represents a gentle slope, provide map evidence to support this statement. (1 x 2) (2)

Geography P14 16 SC. Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) September 2023 Preparatory Examination 3.3.1 Refer to images, A and B of an aerial view of the Mpophomeni water treatment plant in Howick. A B [Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/AFyVFZ7ejksYPBb7] (a) Image A and B are representations of (vector/raster) data. (1 x 1)(1) (b) | Which image, A or B, has a higher resolution? (1x 1)(1) (c) Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.3.1(b) (1 x 2)(2) 3.3.2 Refer to block B4 on the topographical map. (a) Define the concept data layering. (1 x 2)(2) (b) How will the topography layer promote crop farming in the area? (1 x 2)(2) [30] GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright Reserved