2023 WC Prelim P1 Memo_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Western Cape Government Education FOR YOU PER 1 6 SE R 2023 RKI ELIN ES MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours These marking guidelines consists of 16 pages. 1

MARKING PRINCIPLES FOR GEOGRAPHY- SEPTEMBER 2023 The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in the provinces. MARKING e ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect e Wheféithe ximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place-an w) over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved. e Aclear, neat tick must be used: ¥ o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: “ o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: vv o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place e Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross: x o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o DoNOT underline the incorrect facts For the following action words, ONE word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give NOTE THE FOLLOWING e If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed candidates can be credited. e Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct. e Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way e In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer- award marks. e There will be additional guidelines for the marking of certain questions. (*) TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS e Each sub-question must be totalled o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, thereforéfive sub-totals per question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin atthe end of the sub- section and underlined o Sub-totals must be written legibly o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels e Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number e Transfer total to cover of answer book 2

30 Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com EXAMPLE OF MARKING 141 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.54 15.2 15.3 A (South Atlantic High) (1) v B (Kalahari High) (1) 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night el’ Cold air rolls downYirifo the valley and forms an inversion 1 Air flows downslope Shape of front concave x Steep gradient of front y Warm air undercuts the cold air vv vv Air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches up with Yhé warm front. (a) Ariver that only flows all year round x (b) The river channelis wide vv vv (c) Regularity of rainfall and the soil type over which the streams flow. Gatifeng and the Eastem Cape The cost of food production will increase at it is costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy more chemica{s’to purify water. Chemicals cost a lot and th¥6 “will increase production costs. It will p ly to purify watér’for use in electricity generation. These costs will be inqludefjin dlectricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during producti. Ther will be less clean water to generate hydro- electricity. In In IN 13

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com SECTION A: QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEQMORPHOLOGY 1.1.1 (8 x 1) (8) 1.2.1 South Indian High pressure cell (1) 1.2.2 Rising (1) 1.2.3 Atlantic Ocean (1) 1.24 P (Kalahari High) (1) 1.2.5 West (1) 1.2.6 Q (South Indian High) (1) 1.2.7 O (South Atlantic High) (1) (7x1) (7) 1.3.1 Date (6 February — 13 March) indicates summer (1) Mozambique (1) Madagascar (1) Indonesia (1) Mozambique channel (1) Australia (1) Located over the South Indian Ocean (1) South westerly movement (1) Clockwise circulation movement (1) Tropical cyclone Freddy (1) Map of Southern Africa (1) [ANY ONE] (1x1) (1)

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 1.3.2 | Sea surface temperature of 27° C (1) Coriolis force (1) Warm, moist air which will create unstable conditions (1) Rapid large-scale evaporation of moisture over ocean / High humidity (1) Light variable winds / Calm conditions (1) Surfaéeyair convergence (1) Extensive upper air divergence of winds [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.3 | Inéreased frictional drag decrease the wind speed (2) Source of moisture is reduced as it moves over land (2) Decrease in moisture levels / Dry air enters the system (2) Decrease in latent heat (2) [ANY ONE] (1x2) (2) 1.3.4. | Mozambique channel located close to the equator (2) Mozambique channel is in the Indian ocean which is warmer (2) High temperatures/warm (+26.5°C) over the ocean (Indian ocean) results in increased evaporation (2) Increased condensation results in the release of latent heat (2) Release of latent heat provides more energy to the system (2) [ANY ONE] (1x2) (2) 1.3.5 | Monitor the development of tropical cyclones (2) Good forecasting/ Use of media to update regularly (2) Sandbags to reduce flooding (2) Reinforcing existing infrastructure (2) Awareness and education programmes (2) Evacuation protocols and drills (2) Improve accessibility to evacuate people (2) Stocking up of emergency supplies and necessities (2) Build above flood lines/ coastal zoning (2) Improve accessibility to evacuate people (2) Development of good rescue and emergency services (2) Rescue personnel, police, medical personnel on standby (2) Storage/ provision of clean water and food supplies (2) Maintain coastal vegetation to act as a buffer against storm surges (2) [ANY FOUR — ACCEPT EXAMPLES] (4 x 2) (8) ol

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 1.4.1 | Moisture front (1) (1x 1) (1) 1.4.2 | Warm, moist air (1) (1x 1) (1) 1.4.3 | (Heavy) rainfall (1) Thunderstorms (1) Hail 4} [ANY)T WO] (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 | Summer (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.5 | (Thermal) low pressure cell over the interior in summer (2) Presence of trough over the interior in summer (2) Tropical cyclone (Lisette) in Indian ocean (2) Position of South Atlantic high pressure cell and South Indian high pressure cell further south (2) [ANY ONE] (1x2) (2) 1.4.6 | Convergence of warm moist air and cold dry air (2) Moisture front develops (2) Cold dry air undercuts the warm moist air (2) Condensation occurs in the eastern side of the moisture front (2) Cumulonimbus clouds develop (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.7 | Torrential (heavy) rain can cause (flash) floods (2) Wildlife can drown due to floods (2) Widespread soil erosion/loss of fertile soil due to heavy rainfall (accept examples) (2) Mudslides due to flooding (2) Flooding will destroy ecosystems (2) Declining ecosystems will disrupt food chains and food web networks (2) Habitats will be destroyed by flooding (2) Loss of biodiversity due to destructive nature of the rain (2) Lighting can cause fires and burn down plants and natural vegetation (2) Strong winds can uproot trees (2) Aesthetic beauty of the natural environment reduced (2) [ANY TWO] (2x2)| (4)

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 1.5.1 | The city with higher temperatures surrounded by rural areas with lower temperatures (2) [CONCEPT] (1x 2) (2) 1.5.2 | 33(° C)— 29(° C) = 4° C (1) (units must be shown in final answer) (1x1)| (1) 1.5.3 | Nature;of building materials (accept examples on infographic) (1) Tallibdildings trap heat (1) Héat-ffom vehicles (1) Waste heat from factories (1) Lack of trees in cities (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.4 | Rural areas have more natural surfaces which cause less absorption of heat (accept examples) (2) Concentration of greenhouse gasses are less causing atmosphere to be cooler (2) Natural surfaces lose heat slowly causing the air to be cooler (2) Some of the sun’s energy is used for photosynthesis (2) There is more water in vegetated rural areas / Soil allows for more infiltration of rainwater (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.5 | Plant more trees to absorb carbon dioxide (2) Establish roof. gardens/vertical gardens on high rise buildings (2) Create parks/greenbelts in the urban area (2) Reduce building density (2) Use of reflective paint on buildings and roofs (2) Replace concrete/tar surfaces with cobble stones which allow infiltration of water and cooling through evaporation (2) Increase the number of water features (lakes, fountains) to cool the cily (2) Encourage the use of public transport/cycling to reduce the number of vehicles on the roads (2) Promote carpools (2) Introduce park-and-ride schemes (2) Decentralisation of commercial activities to attract less shoppers to the city (2) Decentralisation of industrial activities (2) Filters in chimneys of factories to reduce air pollution (2) [ANY THREE ] (3.x 2) (6) [60]

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com QUESTION 2 GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1.1 | D/ River system (1) 2.1.2 | B/ péfiodic (1) 2.1.3 | C/turbulent (1) 2.1.4 | Altrellis (1) 2.1.5 | D/(ii) and (iv) (1) 2.1.6 | B/right (1) 2.1.7 | C/3 (1) 2.1.8 | B/(i) and (iv) (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2.1 |Z 2.2.2 |Y 2.2.3 |Y 2.24 |Z 2.2.5 |Y 2.26 |Z 2.2.7 |Y (7 x1) (7)

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 2.3.1 | Ariver becomes active again and the downward erosive power is renewed (2) [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 | Vertical (Accept downward) (1) (1x 1) (1) 2.3.3 | Uplifiment (1) Entrenched/Incised meanders (1) [ANYONE] (4x1)| (4) 2.3.4 | lsostatic uplift/Tectonic forces (1) (1x 1) (1) 2.3.5 | Steeper slopes make it unsuitable for human living (2) Deeper gorges make farming activity impossible (2) Building infrastructure will be more expensive (2) More specialised farming machinery will be needed (2) Water will not be easily accessible for human usage (2) Narrow floodplains reduce fertile farming land (2) [ANY TWO] (2 Xx 2) (4) 2.3.6 | A knickpoint will develop between the old and the new point of erosion (2) Waterfalls develop at the knickpoint where there is a sharp change in gradient (2) Vertical (accept downward) erosion results in (paired) terraces (2) Valleys within valleys develop as a result of a new valley floor (2) Meanders deeply erode to form entrenched or incised meanders (2) Floodplains are narrowed (2) [ALSO ACCEPT THE FOLLOWING] Higher velocity may remove some braided streams (2) Higher velocity may break through the levees (2) Higher velocity may wash the existing deltas away (2) Higher velocity may result in more oxbow-lakes (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 2.4.1 Process in which one river captures/robs the headwaters of another river (2) [CONCEPT] (1x2) 2.4.2 1 — elbow of capture (1) 2 —wind/dry gap (1) (2x1) 2.4.3 Flowing over a steeper gradient (accept examples) (1) Flowing over softer rocks (1) In¢féase in the volume of water (accept examples) (1) Headward erosion (1) [ANY TWO] (1x1) 2.4.4 Headwaters of the misfit stream was cut off by the captor stream through the process of headward erosion (2) It continued to flow (after the wind/dry gap) with a reduced supply of water (2) (2x2) 2.4.5 Volume of water in the river will increase (2) Velocity (speed) of the river increases (2) Increases the erosive power of the river (2) Ability to transport a bigger load (2) Rate of deposition is lowered (2) Possibility of flooding increases (2) River discharge is turbulent (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) 10

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 2.5.1 An area from where a river receives all its water/The area of land from which water flows into the river (2) [CONCEPT] (1x2) 2.5.2 Crocodile/Krokodil River (1) (1x 1) 2.5.3 Sewerage flows into water sources and pollutes the water. (2) Waterpollution causes waterborne diseases. (2) Accept examples. Pesticides and insecticides in water wash into the river. (2) Industrial waste flows into rivers. (2) Chemicals wash into reservoirs killing aquatic life and the ecosystem. (2) Litter washes into the river and reduces the water quality. (2) [Any TWO] (2 x 2) 2.5.4 Reuse, recycle before disposing of waste. (2) Educate people on environmental awareness. (2) Repair broken sewerage without delay. (2) Introduce by-laws to curb water and land pollution. (2) Cleaning campaigns to clear waste (2) Awareness programmes using all forms of the media. (2) Policing catchment areas to deal with by-law violators (2) Spot checks on companies to ensure compliance with the law (2) Improve general waste management. (2) Implement buffer areas close to the rivers. (2) Effective sewerage management (2) Plant trees near water sources. (2) Incentives for community clean-up programmes (2) [Any FOUR] (4x2) (8) 11 [60]

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES [3.1] MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 | Orthophoto map ... is southeast of 2729DC 3 according to thejorthophoto map index below. 1/2/3|]4 {5 6| 7/8 | 9 | 10 11|12| 13] 14 | 15 16 | 17|18| 19 | 20 21 | 22| 23} 24 | 25 D = 2729DC 09 v (1x1) 3.1.2 | Match the landform in block F6 on the topographical map to the correct freehand cross-section below. Dv (1x 1) 3.1.3 | The height value of the index contour line in block K6 on the topographical map is ... metres. B 1900” (1x1) 3.1.4 | Use the demarcated area to calculate the surface area of the orthophoto map in km?. 2,1 Y km x 1,9 VY km (correct substitution & conversion) = 3,99 km? [UNIT] OR 2100 x 1900 1000 ¥ 1000 v = 3,99 km? v [UNIT] [ANY ONE] (3 x 1) 12

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 3.1.5 Explain why the area covered by the orthophoto map on the topographicalal map appear smaller than the orthophoto map. The orthophoto map has a larger scale Vv The topographical map has a smaller scale VV Scalé=-of orthophoto map is 5 times larger than the topographical map's scale vv Scalejof topographical map is 5 times smaller than thecscale of orthophoto map Vv“ Seale/of orthophoto map is 1 : 10 000 and the scale of the topographical map is 1 : 50 000 vv [ANY ONE] [Concept] [CANDIDATES MUST REFER TO THE SCALE] (1x2) Calculate the current (2023) magnetic declination of 2729DC MONT PELAAN. Difference in years: 2023 — 2016 = 7 years V Mean annual change: 8' West / Westwards [ANSWER & DIRECTION] Total change: 7 x 8' = 56 West / Westwards V [ANSWER & DIRECTION] Magnetic declination for 2023: 21° 51' tv 56' 107' 1° 47' = 22° 47' West of True North v [ANSWER & DIRECTION] (4x 1) 13

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com [3.2 | MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1. | Which — settlement will experience higher day temperatures, Giddy's Home or Meulstroom? Giddy's Home Vv (1x1) (1) 3.2.2. | Give,QNE reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.2.1. Giddy's Home is north facing VY” Aspect is North vv Meulstroom is south facing vv [ANY ONE] (1x 2) (2) 3.2.3 | Identify the green feature on the slopes in blocks E8 and E9. Woodland v Beboste Gebied “ [ENIGE EEN] (1x 1) (1) 3.2.4 | Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.2.3. Slope is South facing, less direct insolation VW Slope is in shadow zone VY [ANY ONE] (1x 2) (2) 3.2.5 | What is the name of the main river that appears in the RED demarcated area on the topographical map? Kliprivier “ (1x1)| (1) 3.2.6 | Identify ONE fluvial landform that appears on the orthophoto map. Meanders ” Oxbow lake “ Meander scar V Floodplain “ [ANY ONE] (1x1) 14

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 3.2.7 Explain the development (formation) of the landform you gave as an answer to QUESTION 3.2.6. EXPLANATION MUST REFER TO ANSWER IN QUESTION 3.2.6: Meanders: Flatjarea, contours are far apart VV Stage of the river is the middle course VV Erosion of the outer bank, deposition on the inner bank“v Oxbow lake: Meander neck narrows, river breaks through meander neck and cuts meander off vv Meander scar: Water in oxbow lake evaporated and dried up VY Floodplain: River overflows banks and alluvium is deposited for the formation of floodplain Vv [ANY ONE] (1.x 2) 15

Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com [3.3 | GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 Which component of GIS is the orthophoto map and the topographical map? Data Vv (1x1) 3.3.2 Is thejinformation represented in block H7 raster data or vectomdata? Vector data V (1x 1) 3.3.3 Identify the polygon (area) feature in block H7. Cultivated Land v Bewerkte Land V [ANY ONE] (1x1) 3.3.4 Name ONE attribute of the polygon (area) feature mentioned in your answer to QUESTION 3.3.3. ATTRIBUTE MUST REFER TO CROP: Type of crop, e.g. Maize Vv Harvest time of crops, e.g. Date vv Poisons sprayed on crops Vv Date when crops were planted VV Area under cultivation [ANY ONE] (1x2) 3.3.5 Give evidence that the orthophoto map has a high resolution. All features are clear V (1x1) 3.3.6 Define the term remote sensing. Observing the earth from a distance using satellites to gather information without having direct contact with an area Vv [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) 16 TOTAL: [30] 150