Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC June 2014 Memo (English)

basic education Department: Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY P1 HIGHER GRADE MEMORANDUM 2014 Copyright reserved MARKS: 300 This memorandum consists of 21 pages. Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 2 DBE/2014 SCE —-— Memorandum SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 1 1.1 SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP 1.1.1 (a) Cloud cover- Clear sky.vv (b) Wind direction - SW/ SSW.vv (c) Wind speed - 5 Knots.vv (d) Air temperature - 35 °C.vv (e) Dew point temperature - 9 °C.vv (5 x 2) (10) 1.14.2 Summer. ~v (1x2) (2) High temperatures over the land. vv Presence of thermal lows. vv Surface troughs. vv Tropical lows. vv Tropical cyclone. vv Date on map. vv South Atlantic High and South Indian High situated further south.vv Mid-latitude cyclone passing south of South Africa. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.1.3 There is a big difference between air and dew point temperature or dew point temperature is too low. vv Clear sky. vv Air is dry. vv Any ONE (1.x 2) (2) 1.1.4 Ridge. vv (1x2) (2) 1.1.5 Ridging of SAH has brought anti-cyclonic movement of vv moisture-laden air. vv Cold front has passed over Weather station located in the ocean (Any ONE) (1x2) (2) 1.1.6 X— South Atlantic high. vv Y — South Indian high. vv Z — Mid-latitude cyclone/frontal depression/wave cyclone/ extra-tropical cyclone. vv (2x 3) (6) 1.1.7 4hpa/ mb. vv (1x2) (2) 118 Zw (1x2) (2) 1.1.9 X-Anticlockwise/ to the left.vv Diverging (moving away from centre). vv Z— Clockwise/ to the right. vv Converging (moving towards centre). vv (2x2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 3 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 4.1.10 D. vv (1x2) (2) Isobars are closer at D. vv Cold front has just passed D. Steep pressure gradient/pressure rise/increase quickly. vv (12) (2) 1.1.11 (a) Bvy (1x2) (2) (b) Massive clouds in a spiral. vv Found on the East Coast of Africa. vv Off Mozambique Coast (in area of the tropics). vv Over warm Mozambique Channel. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.2 1.2.1 Infiltration. vv 1.2.2 episodic. vv 1.2.3 Turbulent. vv 1.2.4 meander. vv 1.2.5 24 vw (5x2) (10) 1.3. FLUVIAL PROCESSES 1.3.1 (a) X-—interfluve. vv (1x 2) (2) (b) Y — watershed. vv (1x2) (2) 1.3.2 (a) Northeast/NE. vv (1x2) (2) (b) Dendritic. vv (1x2) (2) (c) Uniform horizontal sedimentary. vv Massive igneous rocks. vv Rocks with uniform resistance to erosion. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.3.3 (a) C. width and depth. vv (1x2) (2) (b) narrow V shape valley. vv (1x2) (2) 1.3.4 No.vv (1x2) (2) It is a temporary base level, the ultimate base level would be sea level. vv (1x2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 4 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum 1.3.5 (a) The volume of water passing a given point in a certain length of time. It is usually measured in cumecs (cubic metres per second). vv (Concept) (1x2) (2) (b) 2.vv (1x2) (2) (c) Large area is made of artificial built up area therefore water will flow off the surface rapidly (impermeable) short lag time. vv Three tributaries feed the Jukskei simultaneously at Q. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) (d) Industrial waste from the Kelvin power station. vv Sewerage, waste and detergents from the Alexandra Township. vv Effluent from the mining areas. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) (e) The river discharge would not have such a high peak value. vv Some water will be absorbed by the roots of trees and reduce surface flow and thus discharge. vv (1x2) (2) (f) No. wv ungraded — there is a dam which will act as a temporary base level. vv (2x2) (4) 1.4. ECOSYSTEM AND SOILS 1.4.1. Wood/ Dead tree trunk. vv Leaves. vv (1x2) (2) 1.4.2 Tree trunky - termitey -— centipedev ~— scorpion.v Tree trunky > termitey -> scorpiony —- centipede.v Any ONE (4x1) (4) 1.4.3 Fungi decomposes or breaks down dead organic matter so that it can be retumed to the soil to nourish new plants and animals. vv Food producer. vv (1x2) (2) 1.4.4 Humans could remove the tree trunk thereby destroying it. vv Disturbing the home of the biotic elements in the ecosystem. vv Fire could destroy the tree trunk. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.4.5 (a) Habitat. vv (1x2) (2) vv (b) Eats into the tree trunk and the droppings add to the fertility of the soil. vv Converts wood into humus. vv (2.x 2) (4) [100] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 5 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 True. vv 2.1.2 False. vv 2.1.3 True. vv 2.1.4 False. vv 2.1.5 True. vv (5 X 2) (10) 2.2 TROPICAL CYCLONES 2.2.1 vv (1x2) (2) 2.2.2 02/01/2003. vv (1x 2) (2) 2.2.3 They fled to high country hideaways / higher ground. vv (1x2) (2) 2.2.4 Fruits and crops were destroyed. vv People died. vv Water supplies were contaminated with salt water. vv Endured winds of more than 320 km/hour. vv Homes flattened. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 2.2.5 Government is almost bankrupt. vv Police crew want their money first before assisting. vv Island has no airstrip. vv Patrol boat with medical and aid workers take 3 days to reach the island.vv None of the bigger countries such as New Zealand, Australia or France had a helicopter equipped vessel to go to the island vv Economic turmoil and ruin has held up relief effort. vv New Zealand and Australia have been slow to respond to the emergency. vv Any ONE (2 x2) (4) 2.2.6 Small islands are surrounded by oceans- has limited capacity to weaken the storm. vv Friction with large land surface will disrupt the low pressure from forming as friction weakens Coriolis force. vv Moisture supply is curtailed over large land surfaces therefore less latent heat. vv (1x 2) (2) (Any ONE reasonable response) 2.3. CITY CLIMATE 2.3.1 Isotherms. vv (1x2) (2) 2.3.2 1800 mvv (1x2) (2) 2.3.3 6 degrees Celsius. vv (1x2) (2) 2.3.4 Urban heat island/dust dome/urban climate. vv (1x2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 6 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum 2.3.5 Limited area of soil and vegetation Most of the ground space in a city is occupied by buildings and tarred roads. vv These urban features produce more heat. vv In rural areas solar radiation is used by the plants during transpiration and photosynthesis. vv Construction of a city/Artificial surfacesvv A city is built of concrete and steel. vv These materials absorb more heat than the soil and vegetation found in rural areas. vv The streets of a city are tarred and they absorb a larger amount of heat than the soil and grass of rural areas. vv Geometry of a city/Tall buildingsyy The tall walls and buildings of a city allow for the multiple reflection of sunlight to take place resulting in higher temperatures. vv The tall buildings also do not allow winds in the city to blow away the heat. vv Activities of a city/Artificial heatingyv A city has industry, vehicle traffic, lights, and household appliances and people. All of these produce a large amount of heat. vv Pollutants/Air pollutionvy Many of the activities of a city produce pollutants. vv These form a dust dome over the city trapping the heat given Off by the city. vv (Accept other reasonable response-2 marks for factor/ 2 marks for reason) (2x2) (4) 2.3.6 The harmful gases given off by factories and vehicles will lead to air pollution and cause respiratory problems. vv Heat stroke. vv Dehydration. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) (Accept other reasonable response) 2.3.7 Build higher chimneys that will carry the pollution to higher levels so they can escape into the atmosphere. vv Vehicles to use unleaded petrol. vv Advise the use of masks. vv Electrify houses. vv Encourage people to drink lots of water. vv Plant more trees to increase oxygen. vv (1x2) (2) (Accept other reasonable response) (Response must link up with answer to QUESTION 2.3.6) 2.4 2.4.1 E (Cuesta) vv 2.4.2 F (Misfit stream) vv 2.4.3 A (Tor) vv 2.4.4 B (Superimposed stream)vv 2.4.5 C (Rejuvenated stream)vv (5x2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 7 DBE/2014 SCE -— Memorandum 2.5 STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS 2.5.1 Horizontal strata. vv (1x2) (2) Sedimentary rock. vv (1x2) (2) 2.5.2 P-— Plateau. vv Q- Mesa. vv R -Butte.vv (3x2) (6) 2.5.3 Qis a mesa that was once part of the plateau. vv The plateau was reduced in size as a result of river incising into plateau.vv After downcutting, parallel retreat of slopes or back wasting till mesa is formed. vv ANY TWO (2x2) (4) 2.5.4 Karoo. vv Beaufort West. vv Graaff Reinet (or similar arid/dry area). vv (1x2) (2) 2.5.5 A-—Crest. vv B - Cliff, Scarp, Freeface. vv C-—Talus, Scree/Debris. vv D — Pediment. vv (4x2) (8) 2.5.6 Area D has a more gentle gradient than the cliff and the talus slope. vv It is made up of weathered material that forms rich fertile soils. vv (2x2) (4) 2.5.7. These areas are important tourist attractions. vv Gentle slopes could be used for farming. vv (1x2) (2) SOIL PROFILE AND ECOSYSTEMS 2.6.1 A horizon. vv (1x2) (2) 2.6.2 X,Z,Y.vv (1x2) (2) 2.6.3 (a) Graph 1. “v (1x2) (2) (b) 7 — Ahorizon. v 8 -—Bhorizon.v 9 -—Chorizon. v 10 — R horizon. v (4x1) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 DBE/2014 8 SCE -— Memorandum (c) Rainfall is an active contributor to soil formation. It provides the water necessary for the chemical weathering.~v Influences biological processes to occur. vv The dissolved minerals and nutrients then trickle down through the soil, in the process called leaching. vv The higher the rainfall the more the leaching. vv In dry areas groundwater seeps through to the surface. vv The water then evaporates and the dissolved salts remain on the surface as a hard crust or gypsum (salination) vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) (Accept other reasonable response) 2.6.4 (a) Mature soils will lead to development of a healthy natural vegetationyy and will support a wider variety of plant and animal species. vv (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) (b) Mature soils will support agricultural activity without the need to use expensive fertilizers. vv More intensive cultivation. vv Not easy to be eroded. vv (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) [100] TOTAL SECTION A: 100 SECTION B: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 F (Isolated farmstead). vv 3.1.2 A (Dry-point ). vv 3.1.3 D (Cross-road). vv 3.1.4 B (unifunctional). vv 3.1.5 E (Defence) wv (6x2 (10) 3.2 RURAL SETTLEMENTS 3.2.1 Settlement which is unifunctional related to primary activity. (Concept) (1x2) (2) 3.2.2 A— Nucleated and irregular B — Nucleated and linearvy C—Nucleated and circularyy D — Dispersed and irregularvy (4x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 9 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 3.2.3 A—Aspect(Mountain/Relief)vv B — Mountain/River/Road. vv C — Water source. vv D — Flat land/ River and Road (4x 2) (8) 3.2.4 North-facing slopes are warmervv Middle slope is warmer. vv ANY ONE (1x2) (2) 3.2.5 (a) 2 Kmvv (1x2) (2) (b) Less transport costs to and from markets and related business. vv Closer to the market and business. vv Production and transport of fresh perishable goods possible. vv Close to urban services and facilities, entertainment and social, emergency facilities etc. vv ANY TWO (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 3.2.6 Education and training vv — better educated and skilled farmers and workers will improve knowledge about farming / productivity will improve as a result of better skilled farmers and workers. vv Agricultural extension service v — expert, on hand and easily obtainable advise and support about problems of farming will help farmers improve farming methods — conservation practices, rotational cropping, carrying capacity of land etc. vv Good farming practise vv — Good farming practices will prolong the fertility and productivity of the soil / increase yields and productivity / seasonal production and variation in crops grown and animals reared. vv Good working relations between farmer and workersvv — Regulations and advise on handling labour disputes and conditions of service / Disputes can interfere with output on the farm and create atmosphere of disharmony. vv (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 3.3 3.3.1 C Specialised towns.vv 3.3.2 B Outside the city boundary.vv 333 B due to the expensive land valuesvv 3.3.4 D Growth in the city occurs around various focal points.vv 3.3.5 B urban profilevv (5x2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 10 DBE/2014 SCE -— Memorandum 3.4 URBAN GROWTH AND EXPANSION 3.4.1 (a) Urbanisation- Increasing percentage of the total population living in urban areas.vv (Concept) (b) Urban growth- increase in the number of urban population. vv (2x 2) (4) (Concept) 3.4.2 Urban expanded to the north, south and east. vv (1x2) (2) 3.4.3 An increasing number of people moved to the city and therefore expansion of the urban area and associated facilities. vv (1x2) (2) 3.4.4 (a) Urban sprawl — The uncontrolled spreading out of urban areas into the surrounding rural areas as new housing and amenities are required for a growing population, helped by improved transport. vv(Concept) (1x2) (2) (b) Urban decay.vv Traffic congestion . vv Poor Municipal service delivery. vv Environmental despoliation and waste management. vv Pollutionvy Overcrowding. vv Crime. vv Drug abuse. vv Lack of housing. vv Informal settlement. vv ANY TWO (2 x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) (c) (i) Loss of agricultural land.vv Decline in level of yield and productivity.“v Products may have to be imported from other areas. vv Cost of agricultural produce would increase.vv Some farmers may have to adapt and develop more intense agricultural practisevy ANYTWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) (ii) | Destruction of ecosystems.vv Destruction or interruption of existing food chains.vv Sustainability of the natural environment under threat. vv Disappearance of certain plant and animal species from the areavv ANY TWO (2 x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 (d) 11 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum AGRICULTURAL LAND USE Introduce municipal by laws (or provincial legislation) that direct the allocation of land use.vv Designate land for agricultural use only.vv Reintroduce agricultural plots where possible (intense farming activity). vv ECOSYSTEMS Introduce municipal by laws (or provincial legislation). vv which declare certain areas to be green belts.vv Prohibit building activities in conservation areas.vv Introduce natural parks and conservation areas. vv (Accept other reasonable response) (3x2) (6) (NB: Candidates must refer to both agriculture land use and ecosystem) 3.5 INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS 3.5.1 A settlement constructed mainly from recycled material from the environment e.g. cardboard, tin, wood etc. VY (Concept) 3.5.2 B-Rural-urban fringe. VY” 3.5.3 Poverty.” v Unemployment.“ Shortage of housing.v ¥ Rapid rural- urban migration.“ ” Famine.“v War.v¥ Natural disasters.v “ ANY TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 3.5.4 Poor hygienic conditions.vV Lack of basic services.v ¥ Crime.vY Overcrowding of people and houses.v Fire hazard ANY THREE (Accept other reasonable response) 3.5.5 (a) Air pollution/Land pollution/ Water pollution.“ “ Diseases.vV Disruption to the ecosystem.v¥ Natural habitats destroyed.v ” Deforestation.” Vv Illegal connections lead to fires and death.v¥ ANY ONE (Accept other reasonable response) (b) Houses next to informal settlements lose value. VY Crime increases.v “ Illegal occupation of land.v” Limits formal settlement expansion.v¥ ANY ONE (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (2x2) (4) (3x2) (6) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 12 SCE — Memorandum 3.5.6 Provision of basic services.v “ Relocation of people in new townships.v ” Provision of site and services. VW Involvement of people in self-help schemes. Vv” (Accept other reasonable response) QUESTION 4 4.1.1 D (Range) vv 4.1.2 C (Central place). vv 4.1.3 F (Threshold population). vv 4.1.4 A (Sphere of influence). vv 4.1.5 E (Site). vv 4.2 RURAL LAND-USE DBE/2014 ANY TWO (2x2) (4) [100] (5x 2) (10) 4.2.1 Is a place where people live with buildings, economic activities and transport networks. vv (Concept) 4.2.2 Bopane — crossroad shape. vv Radidu — T-junction. vv 4.2.3 Rural settlement. REASONS Unifunction/Primary activity/ cultivated land. vv Only a few services available. Only two shops. vv No major roads present. vv ANY ONE (Accept other reasonable response) 4.2.4 Flat land - easy to build on. vv River — water is available for people. vv Fertile soil. originally a farming settlement. vv (1x2) (2) (2x2) (4) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) Gap town — gap through mountain. vv ANY THREE (3x2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) 4.2.5 Droughts. vv Flash floods. vv Stock losses. vv Increasing population places pressure on the land. vv Decreasing soil fertility results in low yields and erosion. Pest and fungal diseases. vv No health care. vv No electricity. vv ANY TWO (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved (2x2) (4) Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 13 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum 4.2.6 Road is available to transport finished products. vv Cheap land — low rents. vv Cheap labour from unemployed local people. vv Gap town for more customers. vv Large space available. vv ANY THREE (3 x 2) (6) 4.2.7 Nucleated.vv (1x2) (2) Buildings/houses are close to one another. vv (1.x 2) (2) 4.2.8 Social contact . vv - Safety not a problem. vv - Easy to supply services. vv - Share ideas on how to solve a problem. vv - Can share the cost of tools and machinery.vvy ANY THREE (3x2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) 4.2.9 Supply electricity. vv 4.3 Better roads. vv Water supply. vv Banking facilities. vv Recreation facilities vv Health care for staff. vv ANY TWO (2x 2) (4) RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION 4.3.1 Movement of people from rural areas to the urban areas. vv (Concept) (1x2) (2) 4.3.2. Better and more access to services such as education and medical facilities. vv More jobs and more types of jobs available in urban areas. vv More and better houses are available. vv More recreational and entertainment facilities. vv Social interaction in urban areas. vv Better standard of living possible in urban areas. vv Natural disasters have a little impact and the government provides. help in needy situations. vv ANY THREE (3x 2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) 4.3.3 Provide jobs. Stimulate development of transport such as wide roads and planned street pattern. vv Create recreational facilities. vv Provide education and health care facilities such as schools and clinics. vv All facilities are regulated by laws. vv Provide housing for the growing urban population. vv Help to decentralise urban population to lessen overcrowding. vv and the pressure on limited resources. vv ANY TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 14 SCE — Memorandum 4.4 URBAN MORPHOLOGY - LAND USE IN A CITY 4.4.1 Central Business District. vv 4.4.2 |s found in the centre of the city. vv Has a high degree of accessibility. vv Has tallest builings . vv Has high land values. vv Oldest part of the city. vv High traffic congestion. vv Intensive land use. vv ANY TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.3 Attorneys. vv Specialised doctors. vv Furniture shop. vv Health spas. vv Designer shops.vv ANY TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.4 Located next to the CBD. vv It is the future expansion area for the CBD. vv (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.5 (a) Heavy industry. vv (b) On the outskirts of a city. vv Requires large space. vv Requires cheap land. vv Close to bulk transport facilities. vv Associated with air pollution. vv Close to residential area for labour supply.~~ ANY ONE (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.6 Noise pollution. vv Air pollution. vv Accidents are possible. vv ANY TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.7 Airport. vv Industries/Cement factory. vv Power station. vv Mine/Coal mine. vv 4.4.8 (a) Gridiron street pattern. vv (b) Easy to plan. vv Easy subdivision of land. vv Little wastage of land. vv Easy to find places. vv Copyright reserved DBE/2014 (1x2) (2) (2x2) (4) (2x2) (4) (2x 2) (4) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (2x2) (4) (2x2) (4) (1x2) (2) (2x2) (4) Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 15 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum (c) Located on the perimeter (edge) of the CBD. vv Mixed land use zone (office, storage, residential, wholesalers) vv Land values are high. vv High levels of crime. vv Many foreigners/refugees live in this area. vv Lots of street children. vv ANY TWO (Accept other reasonable response) (2x2) (4) 4.4.9 On the outskirts to avoid pollution. vv Build next to the raw material (coal mines). vv Cheap land. vv Close to water/river. vv ANY ONE (1x2) (2) (Accept other reasonable response) [100] TOTAL SECTION B: 100 SECTION C: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 5 5.1.1 Swaziland vv 5.1.2 Tropic of Capricorn. VY Gauteng. VY Kimberley. VY Indian ocean. VV Drakensberg. VV 20°E. vv . Orange River/Senqu. Vv“ 5.1.9 Highveld mixed grasses. VV 5.1.10 Cape town harbour. Vv“ (10 x 1) (10) 5.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 5.2.1 Gross Domestic Product. VV (1x2) (2) 5.2.2 Tertiary sector. VV (1x2) (2) 5.2.3 12,04. VY (1x2) (2) 5.2.4 Services. VV (1x2) (2) 5.2.5 Declining / Decreases from 3.1% (2008) to 2.47% (2010). vv (1x2) (2) gaaagnnin aaa ere DNAnDAW 5.2.6 (a) Rainfall is low and unreliable on the plateau. vv Salary strikes by workers. VV Soil erosion due to incorrect farming methods. Vv“ Natural hazards such as droughts, floods and hail storms damage crops and stock. Vv HIV/Aids have a negative impact on health and productivity of farm workers. V¥ Price fluctuations make it difficult for farmers to stay in business and make profit. vv Pests which affect crops and stock are costly to control. vv Farming equipment is expensive. VV ANY FOUR (4x2) (8) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 16 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum b) Provides jobs to people. VW” Provides food to the country. Vv” StimulateS development of infrastructure such as roads, railway etc. Vv EamS foreign exchange. Vv” It improves the economy of the country. Vv Provides raw material for industry. VW” ANY THREE (3.x 2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) (c) Prevent soil erosion by practising better farming methods. Vv Use efficient ways of storing food. Vv Improve ways of storing and using water supplies to reduce water wastage. Vv Crop rotation. vv Use of organic compost. VY Growing mixture of crops/ mixed farming. vv Make farming research accessible to traditional farmer. VV Use of hybrid seeds. VW Government to provide incentives and subsidies to farmers. Vv“ (Accept other reasonable response) ANY THREE (3 x 2) (6) 5.3 POPULATION MOVEMENT 5.3.1 A temporary movement of workers from one place to the other on a contract basis. VV (1x2) (2) (Concept) 5.3.2 Zimbabwe. Vv” Lesotho. vv Mozambique. VY” Swaziland. VY ANY TWO (2x2) (4) 5.3.3 More job opportunities Mining. vv Many industries. vv Higher wages. Vv Economic heartland of SA. ANY THREE (3x2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) 5.3.4 Overcrowding. VW Shortage of jobs / unemployment. Vv Shortage of houses, VW Inadequate services such as water & electricity. Vv” Crime. Vv Informal/Squatter settlement. Vv“ Land pollution. Unhygienic conditions lead to diseases. vv” ANY THREE (3x 2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 17 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum 5.4 TERTIARY ACTIVITIES 5.4.1 (a) The exchange of goods and services for monetary gain. VV (1x 2) (2) (Concept) (b) The difference in value of the country ‘s imports and exports. VW (Concept) (1x2) (2) 5.4.2 (a) Increased. VW (1x2) (2) (b) Decreased. VY (1x2) (2) vv 5.4.3 August 1999: imports were R1 2,75 billion, exports were R11,75 billion./Imports more than exports. Vv November 1999: “ imports were R14,9 billion, exports were R14,1 billion. VY ANY ONE (2x 2) (4) 5.4.4 Creates trading partners. VW Creates jobs. vv Stimulates communication. VY Stimulates investments. Vv Stimulates foreign skills. vv Stimulates development of infrastructure. vv ANY THREE (3x 2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) 5.4.5 New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD): Trade has been encouraged with the rest of Africa, vv Trade agreements with countries like Japan, China etc. vv Tourism: Package tours were introduced to Cape Town and Gauteng. VY This brings in ‘invisible trade’ in the form of foreign finance. vv (Accept other reasonable response) ANY THREE (3x 2) (6) 5.5 WATER TRANSFER SCHEMES. 5.5.1. When water is transferred from one area to the other area in need of water. VY (Concept) (1x2) (2) 5.5.2 Water demand outstripping supply. v ” Poor water quality. Vv” Leaking pipes. VY Theft of water by farmers. Vv” (3x2) (6) 5.5.3 Lesotho High Water Scheme. vv Tugela-Vaal Water Project. vv (TUVA) (2x2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 18 DBE/2014 SCE -— Memorandum 5.5.4 Water management strategies to supplement water supplies. Vv Repair leaking pipes. vv Use indigenous plants and trees that use little water. Vv Increase the price of water. Vv Impose fines for illegal water taps. vv Clear alien vegetation because they use a large amount of water. VV Reduce contamination of water from mining, landfill, industries and sewage. Vv Public education on water usage. VV Recycle water. Vv Protecting wetlands River health programmes. Vv” Use rain water tanks. Vv Building dams to store and regulate the flow of water. Developing innovative technologies. vv Cloud sending. vv Prioritising service delivery to rural areas and informal settlements. V” Water transfer schemes e.g. TUVAV Y (Accept other reasonable response) ANY THREE (3 x 2) (6) [100] QUESTION 6 6.1.1 D¥v 6.1.2 FYv 6.1.3 AVY 6.1.4 BYv 6.1.5 Cvv (5 x 2) (10) 6.2 DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL AND POPULATION DENSITY 6.2.1(a) The number of people per square kilometre. Vv” (1x 2) (2) (Concept) (b) The way in which population is being spread over an area. Vv” (1x2) (2) (Concept) 6.2.2 Area of lowest rainfall-less than 200 mm. vv Very little agriculture or infrastructure. “” Place is hot and dry. vv ANY TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.2.3 Presence of warm Mozambique current which allows for evaporation. Vv Prevailing winds bring in warm moist air which is uplifted by the Drakensberg and result in orographic rain. Vv (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.2.4 Higher rainfall in south west corner of Western Cape. vv Cyclonic rain in winter as a result of mid-latitude cyclone. VV There is also orographic rain on the west side as a result of fold mountains. v” (Accept other reasonable response) ANY THREE (3x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 19 DBE/2014 6.2.5 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 SCE — Memorandum Rainfall more than1 000 mm. Vv” More job opportunities because of gold, coal, iron mining.v¥ Flat plateau is easy to establish settlement. vv Good infrastructure attracts people. VW Plenty of maize, vegetable, dairy products available to feed large population. vv ANY FOUR (4x2) (8) (Accept other reasonable response) SECONDARY ACTIVITIES Is the processing of new material and manufacturing of goods. VY (1x 2) (2) (Concept) South Western Cape industrial area. VV (1x 2) (2) Clothing and footwear factories. Vv Fish canning and packing factories. Vv” Flour milling and wheat products. Vv“ Frozen and canned fish. Vv Wine making. Fruit canning and fruit packing factories. ANY TWO (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) There is no significant mineral in the area. VV Electricity is expensive because of the distance to the thermal power in Mpumalanga. Vv” Transport costs are high because of high mountainous terrain. v~ There can be water shortage during dry summer. vv Flat land is limited and makes land expensive. VV ANY TWO (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) Factors favouring industry It has the fourth most important harbour in South Africa. vv The region has one of the most important agricultural hinterlands, producing fruit, wheat, wool, etc./ Availability of farming products. Vv” 80% of the people in the area are urbanised, which ensures ready supply of labour and a market for the manufactured goods. VV There is a good communication network. Vv Dams such as the Steenbras, Brandvlei, Theewaterskloof and Palmiet scheme, as well as the Berg and Sonderend Rivers, provide adequate water suppliers. VW The Agulhas Bank off the Southern Cape coast is a tich fishing area. vv The oil refinery at Milnerton has been a source of fuel and other by - products. Vv” The pleasant Mediterranean climate provides ideal working conditions and assists in the production of dried fruit. Vv“ Plenty skilled and unskilled labour. Vv” Factories have been here for a long time due to historical reasons. vv Koeberg Nuclear Power Station feeds grid for the region. vv (Accept other reasonable response) ANY TWO (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 20 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum 6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 6.4.1.Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present generation without undermining the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. v’” (Concept) (1x2) (2) 6.4 2. Economic development. vv Social development. Vv” Environmental protection. vv (3 x 2) (6) 6.4.3. Ending poverty. Vv Changing consumption and development patterns. vv Protecting and managing the natural resource base for economic and social development. ANY TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.4.4. Division between the rich and poor. vv” The ever-increasing gap between developed and developing countries. vv (1x2) (2) 6.4.5 (a) It needs to be an integrated and sustainable programme. vv It should be a people driven process. Vv It must provide peace and security for allv ” A key goal must be nation building. VW” It should link construction and development. vv” It must contribute to the democratisation of South Africa. vv ANY TWO (2x 2) (4) (b) Clean drinking water. vv Sufficient food. vv Proper sanitation. vv Shelter or housing. Vv Employment. vw Health care, Vv Education. vv Electricity. vv Transport. Vv ANY THREE (3 x 2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) (c) Corruption by government employee. “” Poverty increases. VW Legacy of the past. vv High unemployment/lack of jobs. Vv Lack of consultation with local communities. VW High illiteracy. vv ANY TWO (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/HG/P1 21 DBE/2014 SCE —- Memorandum 6.5 ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS 6.5.1 Durban harbour. vv (1x2) (2) 6.5.2 lsipingo. ¥~ Merebank. VW Wentworth. vv Bluff. vv ANY TWO (2x 2) (4) 6.5.3 It will give off sulphur dioxide a harmful gas. vv (1x2) (2) 6.5.4 Fitting of gas scrubbing technology to its fuel unit. (1x2) (2) 6.5.5 The danger of explosion and fires at the refinery will lead to many deaths. VV Corrosion of buildings. VY Acid rain stunts plant growth. Vv“ Air pollution leads to respiratory diseases and death. VW (3x 2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) 65.6 Increase crude oil imports via the Isipingo sea pipeline. vv Increase storage and export of refined fuel from the Island View tank farm. VY (2x2) (4) [100] TOTAL SECTIONC: 100 GRAND TOTAL: 200 Copyright reserved