Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC June 2014 Memo (English)

basic education Department: Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY P1 STANDARD GRADE 2014 POSSIBLE ANSWERS Copyright reserved NU sea umou

Geography/SG/P1 2 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 1 1.1 SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP 1.1.1 (a) Cloud cover - Clear. vv (b) Wind direction - SW/SSWvv (c) Wind speed - 5 Knotsvv (d) Air temperature - 35 °Cvv (e) Dew point temperature - 9 °Cvv (5x2) (10) 1.1.2 Summer. vv (1x2) (2) High temperatures over the land. vv Presence of thermal lows. vv Surface troughs. vv Tropical lows. vv Tropical cyclone. vv Date on map. vv South Atlantic High and South Indian High situated further south.vv Mid-latitude cyclone passing south of South Africa. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.1.3 Ridging of SAH has brought on-shore movement of anti-cyclonic moisture laden air. vv Cold front has passed over. vv Weather station located in the ocean. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.1.4 X — South Atlantic high. vv Y — South Indian high. vv (2x 2) (4) 1.1.5 D. vw lsobars are closer at D. vv i.e. steep pressure gradient. Cold front has just passed D. vv (2x2) (4) 1.1.6 Z. vv (1x2) (2) 1.1.7 (a) B.vv (1x2) (2) (b) Massive clouds in a spiral. vv Found on the East Coast of Africa. vv Off Mozambique Coast (in area of the tropics). vv Over warm Mozambique Channel. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 3 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 1.2 1.2.1 hydraulic action. vv 1.2.2 ungraded. vv 1.2.3 Turbulent. vv 1.2.4 waterfall. vv 1.2.5 2% vy (5x 2) (10) 1.3 FLUVIAL PROCESSES 1.3.1 (a) X~interfluve. vv (1x2) (2) (6 Y-—watershed. vv (1x2) (2) 1.3.2 Northeast/NE. vv (1x2) (2) 1.3.3 (a) C. width and depth. vv (1x2) (2) (b) narrow V shape valley. vv (1x2) (2) 1.3.4 (a)The volume of water passing a given point in a certain length of time. It is usually measured in cumecs (cubic metres per second).vv(1 x 2) (2) (Concept) (b) 2. vv (1x2) (2) (c) Large area is made of artificial built up area therefore water will flow off the surface rapidly (impermeable) short lag time. vv Three tributaries feed Jukskei simultaneously at Q. vv (1x2) (2) (d) Industrial waste from the Kelvin power station. vv Sewerage, waste and detergents from the Alexandria Township. vv Effluent from the mining areas.vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) (e)The river discharge would not have such a high peak value. vv Some water will be absorbed by the roots of trees and reduce surface flow and thus discharge. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 4 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 1.4 ECOSYSTEMS AND SOILS 1.4.1 Tree trunk/Wood/ Dead tree trunk. vv Leaves. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.4.2 Tree trunk — termite > centipede vvv (3x 1) (3) 1.4.3 Fungi decomposes or breaks down dead organic matter so that it can be returned to the soi! to nourish new plants and animals. vv Food producer. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.4.4 Humans could remove the tree trunk thereby destroying. vv Disturbing the home of the biotic elements in the ecosystem. vv Fire could destroy the tree trunk. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 1.4.5 (a) Habitat. vv (1x2) (2) (b) Eats into the tree trunk and the droppings add to the fertility of the soil. vv Break down the tree trunk in smaller pieces that will become part of the soil. vv Any TWO (2x2) (4) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 5 SCE - Memorandum QUESTION 2 2.1 2.2 2.1.1 True. vv 2.1.2 False. vv 2.1.3 True. vv 2.1.4 False. vv 2.1.5 True. vv TROPICAL CYCLONES 2.2.1 25. vv 2.2.2 02/01/2003. vv 2.2.3 They fled to high country hideaways / higher ground. vv 2.2.4 Fruits and crops were destroyed. vv People died. vv Water supplies were contaminated with salt water. vv Endured winds of more than 320 km/hour. vv Homes flattened. vv Any ONE 2.2.5 Government is almost bankrupt. vv Police crew want their money first before assisting. vv Island has no airstrip. vv DBE/2014 (5 x2) (10) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) Patrol boat with medical and aid workers take 3 days to reach the island.vv None of the bigger countries such as New Zealand, Australia or France had a helicopter equipped vessel to go to the island vv Economic turmoil and ruin has held up relief effort. vv New Zealand and Australia have been slow to respond to the emergency. vv Any ONE Copyright reserved (1x2) (2) Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 6 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 2.3. CITY CLIMATE 2.3.1 6 degrees Celsius/ 6 °C. vv (1x2) (2) 2.3.2 Urban heat island/dust dome/urban climate. vv (1x2) (2) 2.3.3 Limited area of soil and vegetationvy Most of the ground space in a city is occupied by buildings and tarred roads. vv These urban features produce more heat. vv In rural areas solar radiation is used by the plants during transpiration and photosynthesis. vv Construction of a city/Artificial surfacesvv A city is built of concrete and steel. vv These materials absorb more heat than the soil and vegetation found in rural areas. vv The streets of a city are tarred and they absorb a larger amount of heat than the soil and grass of rural areas. vv Geometry of a city/Tall buildingsvy The tall walls and buildings of a city allow for the multiple reflection of sunlight to take place resulting in higher temperatures. vv The tall buildings also do not allow winds in the city to blow away the heat. vv Activities of a city/Artificial heatingvy A city has industry, vehicle traffic, lights, household appliances and people. All of these produce a large amount of heat. vv Pollutants/Air pollutionyy Many of the activities of a city produce pollutants. vv These form a dust dome over the city trapping the heat given off by the city. vv (Accept other reasonable response-2 marks for factor/ 2 marks for reason) (2x2) (4) 2.3.4 The heat island over the city will result in the pollution produced by the city to be trapped over the city. vv The harmful gases given off by factories and vehicles will lead to air pollution and cause a health hazard. vv Heat stroke. vv Dehydration. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 7 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 2.4 2.4.1 E (Cuesta) vv 2.4.2 F (Misfit stream) vv 2.4.3 A (Tor) vv 2.4.4 B (Superimposed stream) v 2.4.5 C (Rejuvenated stream)vv (6x2) (10) 2.5 STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS 2.5.1.Horizontal strata. vv (1x2) (2) Sedimentary rock. vv (1x2) (2) 2.5.2 P— Plateau. vv Q - Mesa. vv (2x 2) (4) 2.5.3. The plateau was reduced in size as a result of erosion by running water/sheet wash / backwasting /parallel retreat of slope. vv (1x2) (2) 2.5.4 Karoo. vv Beaufort West. vv Graaff Reinet (or simitar arid/dry area). vy Any ONE (1x2) (2) 2.5.5 A— Crest. vv C — Talus/Scree/Debris. vv (2x2) (4) 2.5.6 Area D has a more gentle gradient than the cliff and the talus slope. vv It is made up of weathered material that forms rich fertile soils.vv Any ONE (1.x 2) (2) 2.5.7 These areas are important tourist attractions. vv (1x2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 8 DBE/2014 SCE —- Memorandum 2.6 SOIL PROFILE AND ECOSYSTEM 2.6.1. Ahorizon. vv (1x2) (2) 26.2 X%ZY.vv (1x2) (2) 2.6.3 (a) Graph 1. vv (1x1) (1) (b) 7 —A horizon. v 8 - B horizon. v 9—-C horizon. v 10 - R horizon. v (4x1) (4) (c) It provides the water necessary for the chemical and biological processes to occur. vv The dissolved minerals and nutrients then trickle down through the soil, in the process called leaching. vv The higher the rainfall the more the leaching. vv In dry areas groundwater seeps through to the surface. vv The water then evaporates and the dissolved salts remain on the surface as a hard crust or gypsum (salination) vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) (Accept other reasonable response) 2.6.4 (a) Mature soils contain humus and is very fertile. vv Mature soils will lead to development of a healthy natural vegetationvy. Mature soils will support a wider variety of plant and animal species. vv (2 x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) TOTAL SECTION A: 75 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 9 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum SECTION B: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 D (Central place) vv 3.1.2 B (Depopulation) vv 3.1.3 E (Infrastructure) vv 3.1.4 F (Morphology) vv 3.1.5 A (Rural-urban fringe) vv (6x2) (10) RURAL SETTLEMENTS 3.2.1 Rural settlement — a settlement pertaining to farming community. vv Settlement which is unifunctional related to primary activity. vv (Concept) (1x2) (2) 3.2.2 A— Nucleated and irregular vv B — Nucleated and linearvy C —Nucleated and circularvy D — Dispersed and irregular vv (4x 2) (8) 3.2.3 A— Mountain / Reliefvv B — Mountain and river / Roadvv C — Water supplyvv D —-Land available / river and road vv (4x 2) (8) 3.2.4 Aspect / slopevv (1x2) (2) 3.2.5 (a) 2Km w (1x2) (2) (b) Less transport costs to and from markets and related business. vv Closer to the market and business. vv Production and transport of fresh perishable goods possible. vv Close to urban services and facilities, entertainment. vv and social, emergency facilities etc. vv Any TWO (2.x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 10 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 3.2.6 Meeting basic needs (basic needs approach)- e.g. building of small farm dams (water) electricity and transport. Education and trainingvv — better educated and skilled farmers and workers will improve knowledge about farming. vv RDP- Providing farmers with necessary skills to improve farming. Productivity will improve as a result of better skilled farmers and workers. vv Agricultural extension servicevv — expert, on hand and easily obtainablevv. Advice and support about problems of farming will help farmers improve farming methods~v — conservation practices, rotational cropping, carrying capacity of land etc. vv Good farming practise vv— Good farming practices will prolong the fertility and productivity of the soil. vv Increase yields and productivity” -Seasonal production and variation in crops grown and animals reared. vv Good working relations between farmer and workers vv— Regulations and advise on handling labour disputes and conditions of service. Disputes can interfere with output on the farm and create atmosphere of disharmony. vv Any ONE (2x2) (4) (TWO marks for naming and TWO marks for explaining) FUNCTIONS AND POPULATION SIZE OF DIFFERENT SETTLEMENTS 3.3 3.3.1 A-Hamletvy B -Citywv C -Townvy D-Villagevy (4x2) (8) 3.3.2 The position of the settlement in the hierarchy is determined in terms of the size of population of a settlement in relation to the number of functions available there. vv The high number of functions available in a settlement will increase the size of the settlement. vv More functions tend to attract more people to an area. vv (2x2) (4) 3.3.3 (a) Sphere of influence — an area which comes under the economic, social and political influence of a central place (or cityv) (1x2) (2) (Concept) (b) Threshold population — the minimum number of people needed to support a service in order that it may successfully operate. vv (1.x 2) (2) (Concept) (c) Range of a goods — the maximum distance a person is willing to travel to make use of the service. vv (1x2) (2) (Concept) Copyright reserved Please turn over

11 DBE/2014 Geography/SG/P1 SCE — Memorandum 3.3.4 (a) A (Lowcost) vv D (Bought frequently) vv E (Small threshold population) vv G (Small range and sphere of influencevv) Any THREE (3x2) (6) (b) (i) Regional hospital /Specialist medical service. ~v (1x2) (2) (ii) Small clinic. vv (1x2) (2) 3.4 3.4.1 Mixed functions refers to a variety of urban functions found in one land use zone e.g. wholesaling, retailing and industrial. (1x 2) (2) 3.4.2 Light industries. vv (1x 2) (2) 3.4.3 High.vv (1.x 1) (1) 3.4.4 CBD will soon expand onto this zone. vv Close to the CBDvv Any ONE (1x \ 13 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 12 SCE — Memorandum QUESTION 4 4.1.1 D - Urbanisation.vv 4.1.2 B - Urban expansionvv 4.1.3 F- Gap town. vv 4.1.4 - Urban sprawl. vv 4.1.5 E - Specialised town. vv 4.2 RURAL LAND-USE DBE/2014 (5x2) (10) 4.2.1 Is a place where people live, there are buildings, economic activities and transport networks. vv (Concept) 4.2.2 Bopane - crossroad shape. vv 4.2.3 Rural settlement. vv REASONS Unifunction/Primary activity/ cultivated land. v~ Only a few services available. Only two shops. vv No major roads present. vv Any ONE (Accept other reasonable response) 4.2.4 Flat land. vv River. vv Fertile soil. vv Gap town. vv Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 4.2.5 Droughts. vv Flash floods. vv Stock losses. vv Increasing population places pressure on the land. vv Decreasing soil fertility results in low yields and erosion. Pest and fungal diseases. vv No health care. vv No electricity. vv Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 4.2.6 Nucleated. vv 4.2.7 Social contact. vv Safety not a problem. vv Easy to supply services. vv Share ideas on how to solve a problem. vv Can share the cost of tools and machinery. vv Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (2x2) (4) (2x2) (4) (1x2) (2) (2x2) (4) Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 13 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum 4.2.8 Supply electricity. vv Better roads. vv Water supply. vv Banking facilities. vv Recreation facilities. vv Health care for staff. vv Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 4.3 RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION 4.3.1 Movement of people from rural areas to the urban areas. vv (Concept) (1x2) (2) 4.3.2 Better and more access to services such as education and medical facilities. vv More jobs and more types of jobs available in urban areas. vv More and better houses are available. vv More recreational and entertainment facilities. vv Social interaction in urban areas. vv Better standard of living possible urban areas. vv Natural disasters have a little impact and the government provide. help in needy situations. vv Any TWO (2 x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 4.3.3 Provide jobs. Stimulate development of transport such as wide roads and planned street pattern.vv Create recreational facilities. vv Provide education and health care facilities such as schools and clinics. vv All facilities are regulated by laws. vv Provide housing for the growing urban population. vv Help to decentralise urban population to lessen overcrowding. vv and the pressure on limited resources. vv Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 14 SCE - Memorandum 4.4 URBAN MORPHOLOGY AND LAND USE 4.4.1 Central Business District. vv 4.4.2 Is found in the centre of city. vv Most accessible part of the city. ~v Oldest part of the city. ~~ Any ONE (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.3 To have maximum accessibility. vv To provide efficient service delivery. vv Usually the original starting point of the settlement. Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.4 (a) Heavy industries. vv (b) On the outskirts of a city. vv Requires large space. vv Requires cheap land. vv Close to bulk transport facilities. vv Associated with pollution. vv Close to residential area for labour supply. vv Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.5 Airport. vv Industries/Cement factory. vv Power station. vv Mine/Coal mine. vv Any THREE 4.4.6 (a) Gridiron/Rectangular street pattern. vv (b) Easy to plan. vv Easy subdivision of land. vv Little wastage of land. vv Easy to find places. vv Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) 4.4.7 Pollution. Health problems(Respiratory/Skin). Acid rain. Accidents as a result of poor visibility. Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) DBE/2014 (1x2) (2) (1x 2) (2) (2x2) (4) (1x1) (4) (2 x2) (4) (3 x2) (6) (1x2) (2) (2x2) (4) (2x2) (4) [75] TOTAL SECTION B: 75 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 15 SCE - Memorandum SECTION C: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 5 5.1.1 Swaziland ¥ 5.1.2 Tropic of Capricorn. 5.1.3 Gauteng. v 5.1.4 Kimberley. v 5.1.5 Indian ocean. “ 5.1.6 Drakensberg. “ 5.1.7 Orange River/Senqu. 5.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 5.2.1 Gross Domestic Product. vv 5.2.2 Tertiary sector. vv 5.2.3 12,04%. vv 5.2.4 Services. vv 5.2.5 Declining / Decreases from 3.1% (2008) to 2.47% (2010). vw 5.2.6 (a) Rainfall is low and unreliable on the plateau. vv Salary strikes by workers. vv Soil erosion due to incorrect farming methods. vv” DBE/2014 (7x1) (7) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) (1x2) (2) Natural hazards such as droughts, floods and hail storms damage crops and stock. vv HIV/Aids have a negative impact on health and productivity of farm workers. Vv” Price fluctuations make it difficult for farmers to stay in business and make profit. vv Pests which affect crops and stock are costly to control. vv” Farming equipment is expensive. vv Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) (b) Provides jobs to people. vw Provides food to the country. vv (2x 2) (4) Stimulate development of infrastructure such as roads, railway etc. vv Earn foreign exchange. Vv It improves the economy of the country. vv Provides raw material for the industries. vv Any THREE (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved (3 x 2) (6) Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 16 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum (c) Prevent soil erosion by practising better farming methods. vv Use efficient ways of storing food. vv Improve ways of storing and using water supplies to reduce water wastage. vv Crop rotation. vv Use of organic compost. vv Growing mixture of crops/ mixed farming. vv Make farming research accessible to traditional farmer. vv Use of hybrid seeds. vv Government to provide incentives and subsidies to farmers. Vv Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 5.3 POPULATION MOVEMENT 5.3.1 A temporary movement of workers from one place to the other on a contract basis. Vv (1x2) (2) (Concept) 5.3.2 Zimbabwe. vv Lesotho. vv Mozambique. vv Swaziland. vv Any TWO (2x 2) (4) 5.3.3 More job opportunities. vv Mining. vv Many industries. vv Higher wages. vv Economic heartland of SA. vv Any THREE (3x2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) 5.3.4 Overcrowding. vv Shortage of jobs / unemployment. vv Shortage of houses, vv Inadequate services such as water & electricity. vv Crime. vv Squatter settlement. vv Land pollution. vv Unhygienic conditions lead to diseases. vv Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 17 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum 5.4 TERTIARY ACTIVITIES 5.4.1 The exchange of goods and services for monetary gain. vv (1x2) (2) (Concept) 5.4.2 August 1999: vv imports were R 12,75 billion, exports were R 11,75 billion./Imports. more than exports. VY November 1999: vv imports were R14,9 billion, exports were R14,1 billion. vv (Two marks for MONTH and two marks for any ONE explanation) (2x2) (4) 5.4.3 Create trading partners. vv Create jobs. vv Stimulate communication. vv Stimulate investments. vv Stimulates foreign skills. Vv” Stimulates development of infrastructure. Vv” Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 5.4.4 New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD): Trade has been encouraged with the rest of Africa. vv Trade agreements with countries like Japan, China etc./Brics members. vv Tourism: Package tours were introduced to Cape Town and Gauteng. vv This brings in ‘invisible trade’ in the form of foreign finance. vv Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM 5.5.1 When water is transferred from one area to the other area in need of water. VV (Concept) (1x2) (2) 5.5.2 Water demand outstripping supply. vv Poor water quality. vv Leaking pipes. vv Theft of water by farmers. vv Any THREE (3 x 2) (6) 5.5.3 Lesotho High Water Scheme. vv” Tugela-Vaal Water Project. vv (TUVA) Any ONE (1x2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 18 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 5.5.4 Water management strategies to supplement water supplies. vv Repair leaking pipes. vv Use indigenous plants and trees that use little water. vv Increase the price of water. vv Impose fines for illegal water taps. vv Clear alien vegetation because they use a large amount of water. Vv Reduce contamination of water from mining, landfill, industries and sewage. Vv Public education on water usage. vv Recycle water. vv Protecting wetlands River health programmes. vv Use rain water tanks. vv Building dams to store and regulate the flow of water. Developing innovative technologies. vv Cloud seeding. vv Prioritising service delivery to rural areas and informal settlements. Vv” Water transfer schemes e.g. TUVAYY Any TWO (Accept other reasonable response) (2x2) (4) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 19 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum QUESTION 6 6.1.1 D¥v 6.1.2 F¥v 6.1.3 AVY 6.1.4 BYv 6.1.5 Cvv (5x2) (10) 6.2 RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DENSITY 6.2.1 The number of people per square kilometre. vv (1x2) (2) (Concept) 6.2.2 Area of lowest rainfall-less than 200mm. v~ Very little agriculture or infrastructure. vv Place is hot and dry. vw” Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.2.3 Presence of warm Mozambique current which allows for evaporation. Vv“ Prevailing winds bring in warm moist air which is uplifted by the Drakensberg and result in orographic rain. v“ Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.2.4 Rainfall more than1000mm. vv More job opportunities because of gold, coal, iron mining. “~” Flat plateau is easy to establish settlement. vv Good infrastructure attracts people. vv Plenty of maize, vegetable, dairy products available to feed large population. vv Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.3. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES 6.3.1 The processing of new material and manufacturing of goods. vv (1x 2) (2) (Concept) 6.3.2 South Western Cape industrial area. vv (1x2) (2) 6.3.3 Clothing and footwear factories. VW” Fish canning and packing factories. vv Flour milling and wheat products. vv Frozen and canned fish. Vv” Wining making. vv” Fruit canning and fruit packing factories. vv Any TWO (2.x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 20 DBE/2014 SCE - Memorandum 6.3.4 Factors favouring industry It has the fourth most important harbour in South Africa. vv The region has one of the most important agricultural hinterlands, producing fruit, wheat, wool, etc./ Available of farming products. vv 80%of the people in the area are urbanised, which ensures ready supply of the labour and a market for the manufactured goods. vv There is a good communication network. vv Dams such as the Steenbras, Brandvlei, Theewaterskloof and Palmiet scheme, as well as the Berg and Sonderend Rivers, provide adequate water suppliers. vv The Agulhas Bank off the Souther Cape coast is a rich fishing area. vv The oil refinery at Milnerton has been a source of fuel and other by - products. vv The pleasant Mediterranean climate provides ideal working conditions and assist in the production of dried fruit. vv Plenty skilled and unskilled harbour. v” Factories have been here for a long time due to historical reasons. vv Koeberg nuclear power station feeds grid for the region. vv (Accept other reasonable response) Any TWO (2x2) (4) 6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 6.4.1 Economy: is a system of activities and people depend on one another to satisfy their needs. vv (Concept) (1x2) (2) 6.4 2 Economic development. vv Social development. v~ Environmental protection. vv (3 x 2) (6) 6.4.3 Ending poverty. vv Changing consumption and development patterns. vv’ Protecting and managing the natural resource base for economic and social development. Vv” Any TWO (2x2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.4.4 Division between the rich and poor. vv” The ever-increasing gap between developed and developing countries. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) 6.4.5 (a) Reconstruction and development programme. vv (1x2) (2) (b) Clean drinking water. vv Sufficient food. vv Proper sanitation. vv Shelter or housing. vv Employment. vv Health care. vv Education. vv Electricity. vv Transport. vw Any THREE (3 x2) (6) (Accept other reasonable response) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 21 DBE/2014 SCE — Memorandum (c) Corruption by government employee. vv Poverty increases. vv Legacy of the past. vv High unemploymentilack of jobs. vv Lack of consultation with local communities. vv High illiteracy. vv Any ONE (1x2) (2) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.5 ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS 6.5.1 Durban harbour. vv (1x1) (1) 6.5.2 Isipingo. Vv” Merebank. vv Wentworth. vv Bluff. vv Any TWO (2x2) (4) 6.5.3 Carbon monoxide given off by the large number of cars in the city vv Industries in the area also give off gases that lead to air pollution. vv The informal settlements add to pollution through domestic fires. vv Harbour activities with ships entering and leaving port adds to the pollution. v” Any ONE (1x2) (2) (Accept other reasonable response) 6.5.4 The danger of explosion and fires at the refinery will lead to many deaths. vv Corrosion of buildings. Vv” Acid rain stunts plant growth. vv Air pollution leads to respiratory diseases and death. “VW Any TWO (2 x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) 6 5.5 Purify motor exhaust fumes (unleaded petrol). vv Introduce battery operated cars. Vv Increase the height of industrial chimneys. v Establish green belts and restrict industrial expansion. Vv Extent electrification program. VY Use other sources of electricity besides oil and coal. vv Impose fines on defaulting industries. vv (Any TWO) (2x 2) (4) (Accept other reasonable response) [75] TOTAL SECTION C: 75 GRAND TOTAL: 225 Copyright reserved