Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC June 2014 Question Paper (English)

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY P1 STANDARD GRADE 2014 MARKS: 225 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 20 pages and a 12-page annexure. 3 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 2 DBE/2014 SCE INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read these instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. Answer THREE questions of 75 marks each: ONE question from SECTION A ONE question from SECTION B ONE question from SECTION C 2. ALL diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE. 3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. DO NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK. 5. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 6. Leave a line after each subsection. 7. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams. 8. Indicate ALL the questions that you have answered on the front cover of your ANSWER BOOK. 9. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 3 DBE/2014 SCE SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question from this section. QUESTION 1 1.1 SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP Study FIGURE 1.1 in the ANNEXURE of a synoptic weather map and answer the following questions. Letters A, B, C, D, X ,Y and Z have been printed on the map. 1.1.1 Identify the weather conditions at Upington under the following headings: (a) Cloud cover (b) Wind direction (c) Wind speed (d) Air temperature (e) Dew point temperature (5 x 2) (10) 1.1.2 State whether the map depicts a typical WINTER or SUMMER SEASON. Give ONE reason for your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 1.1.3 Account for the overcast conditions at the weather station labelled A (southeast of Cape Town). (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.4 Name the pressure systems labelled X and Y respectively. (2 x 2) (4) 1.1.5 Which area, C or D, has a steeper pressure gradient? Give ONE reason for your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 1.1.6 Which ONE, X or Z, is a more intense (stronger) pressure cell? (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 4 DBE/2014 SCE 1.1.7 Refer to Meteosat images A and B below. A B [Source: South African Weather Service] (a) Which Meteosat image, A or B, depicts cyclone Dera? Refer to the synoptic map. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Give ONE piece of evidence to support your answer. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2 Choose the correct word in brackets. Write only the word next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 The force of water within a stream channel is (hydraulic action/ abrasion). 1.2.2 A river profile that has obstructions is (graded/ungraded). 1.2.3 (Laminar/Turbulent) flow occurs when the water whirls around irregularities on a river bed. 1.2.4 A break in a river course is a (meander/waterfall). 1.2.5 Where two first-order streams meet, a (second/third)-order stream is formed. (5 x 2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 5 DBE/2014 SCE 1.3 FLUVIAL PROCESSES Study FIGURE 1.3A in the ANNEXURE showing rivers flowing into the Hartbeespoort Dam and answer the following questions. 1.3.1 Choose the concept from the list below that best describes the following areas: watershed; catchment area; interfluve; drainage basin (a) Area X (1 x 2) (2) (b) Area Y (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 Does the Magalies River flow in a WESTERLY, SOUTH- EASTERLY or NORTH-EASTERLY direction. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 (a) A cross-sectional profile of the river at point P would indicate its … A depth only. B width only. C width and depth. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Indicate whether the shape of the valley at P is most likely to be a WIDE OPEN VALLEY or NARROW V-SHAPED VALLEY. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 Study FIGURE 1.3B in the ANNEXURE showing hydrographs. Answer the following questions with reference to the discharge of the Jukskei River. (a) Define the concept river discharge. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Which ONE of the three hydrographs would the Jukskei River at point Q resemble after a heavy downpour? (1 x 2) (2) (c) Give ONE possible factor contributing to the shape of the hydrograph at point Q. (1 x 2) (2) (d) Name ONE possible source of pollution into the Jukskei River. (1 x 2) (2) (e) Briefly describe the changes to discharge that would likely occur if there is an extensive programme of afforestation along the Jukskei River. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 6 DBE/2014 SCE 1.4 ECOSYSTEMS AND SOILS Study FIGURE 1.4 in the ANNEXURE showing an ecosystem and answer the following questions. 1.4.1 Identify ONE abiotic element in the ecosystem shown on the diagram. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Re-arrange the following into a simple food chain: termite; tree trunk; centipede (3 x 1) (3) 1.4.3 Briefly describe the role of fungi in this ecosystem. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.4 Describe ONE way in which humans can negatively impact on such an ecosystem. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 (a) Give a proper term for the environment (home) in which these organisms live. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Explain how the wood borer plays an active role in soil formation. (2 x 2) (4) [75] QUESTION 2 2.1 The following statements all refer to physical geography. Indicate whether these statements are TRUE or FALSE. Choose the answer and write only 'true' or 'false' next to the question number (2.1.1–2.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 2.1.1 A mid-latitude cyclone begins to dissipate (disappear) once the cold front catches up with the warm front. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.2 The weakening of the Kalahari High Pressure during winter causes dry conditions. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.3 The interaction between the continental high and the coastal low causes berg winds. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.4 Mid-latitude cyclones move from east to west. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.5 Cold and rainy conditions are associated with mid-latitude cyclones. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 7 DBE/2014 SCE 2.2 TROPICAL CYCLONES Refer to the extract in FIGURE 2.2 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions. 2.2.1 How many cyclones had occurred during the cyclone season prior to cyclone Zoe? (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.2 Determine the date on which the island was declared a disaster zone. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.3 How did the islanders manage to survive the cyclone? (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.4 Describe ONE effect that this cyclone has had on the area. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.5 Name ONE challenge facing emergency aid being provided to this area. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3 CITY CLIMATE Study FIGURE 2.3 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions. 2.3.1 State the temperature above the city at the point labelled A. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 What aspect of micro-climate is indicated in the sketch? (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.3 State and explain any ONE factor that is responsible for the higher temperatures over the city. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.4 Explain how the conditions shown in the sketch may influence the health of the people living in the city. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 8 DBE/2014 SCE 2.4 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (2.4.1–2.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.4.6 G. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.4.1 Asymmetrical ridges with a gentle A tor dip slope and a steep scarp slope B superimposed stream 2.4.2 Stream that has lost its source waters and is surrounded by debris C rejuvenated stream 2.4.3 Consist of a pile of core stones D antecedent stream that is linked to the bedrock E cuesta 2.4.4 A stream that is younger than the landscape over which it flows F misfit stream 2.4.5 A stream that gains renewed energy because of a change in gradient and begins eroding downwards again (5 x 2) (10) 2.5 STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS Study FIGURE 2.5 in the ANNEXURE showing geomorphological features and answer the following questions. 2.5.1 State the nature of the rock strata and the type of rock associated with such a landscape. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.2 Name the features at P and Q. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.3 Briefly explain how feature Q was formed. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.4 Name an area in South Africa where these features are commonly found. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Name the typical slope elements marked A and C. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.6 Explain why area D is the most suitable slope for crop cultivation. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.7 Give ONE aspect of economic importance of the landforms shown in the diagram. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 9 DBE/2014 SCE 2.6 SOIL PROFILE AND ECOSYSTEMS Refer to FIGURES 2.6A and 2.6B in the ANNEXURE representing three stages in the formation of a mature soil profile and answer the following questions. 2.6.1 The layer in which leaching occurs is the … A A horizon. B B horizon. C C horizon. D unweathered bedrock. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.2 Re-arrange the letters of the profile (X, Y, Z) in the correct sequence (order) of development. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.3 Refer to profile Y. (a) Match the soil profile in profile Y to the graph (graph 1, 2 or 3) that would most likely represent profile Y. (1 x 1) (1) (b) Match horizons labelled 7, 8, 9 and 10 with the following: B horizon; A horizon; R horizon; C horizon (4 x 1) (4) (c) Why can rainfall be regarded as an important contributor to this soil formation? (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.4 Assess the importance of a mature soil profile for the ecosystem of an area. (2 x 2) (4) [75] TOTAL SECTION A: 75 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 10 DBE/2014 SCE SECTION B: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question from this section. QUESTION 3 3.1 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (3.1.1–3.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.1.6 G. COLUMN A COLUMN B 3.1.1 A settlement which provides goods and A rural-urban fringe services to its surrounding area B depopulation 3.1.2 A decline in the population of an area C functional 3.1.3 Provision of services and installations magnetism such as electricity, water supply, transport, education and health D central place facilities E infrastructure 3.1.4 The shape, street plans, profile, buildings and land-use zones related to F morphology urban areas 3.1.5 The border areas of towns and cities where land is less developed and natural (5 x 2) (10) RURAL SETTLEMENTS 3.2 Study FIGURE 3.2 in the ANNEXURE showing some rural settlement patterns found in South Africa and answer the following questions. 3.2.1 Define a rural settlement. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.2 Match each of the rural settlements A, B, C and D with ONE of the following statements that refer to their pattern and shape: nucleated and circular; nucleated and irregular; circular and dispersed; nucleated and linear; dispersed and irregular (4 x 2) (8) 3.2.3 For each of settlements A to D, name ONE factor that may have influenced its pattern and shape. (4 x 2) (8) 3.2.4 Identify ONE physical factor responsible for the site of the settlement at A. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 11 DBE/2014 SCE 3.2.5 Suppose you are a farmer in the rural area shown in the sketch. (a) State the approximate distance persons living there will have to travel to the city. (1 x 2) (2) (b) A farmer in this area may benefit from being close to an urban centre. Give TWO reasons to support this statement. (2 x 2) (4) 3.2.6 State and explain ONE rural development strategy that can be implemented to sustain the productivity of the area in the long term. (2 x 2) (4) 3.3 FUNCTIONS AND POPULATION SIZE OF DIFFERENT SETTLEMENTS Study FIGURE 3.3A (graph) and FIGURE 3.3B (table) in the ANNEXURE showing the hierarchy of settlements and answer the following questions. 3.3.1 Match settlements A, B, C and D in FIGURE 3.3A with the settlements in FIGURE 3.3B. (4 x 2) (8) 3.3.2 Assess the relationship between population size and functions with reference to the hierarchy of settlements. (2 x 2) (4) 3.3.3 Describe what is meant by the following terms: (a) Sphere of influence of a city (b) Threshold population of a service (c) Range of a service (3 x 2) (6) 3.3.4 Goods and services are classified into high and low orders. (a) From the list below choose THREE characteristics of low- order goods or services. Write only the letters (A–H) in your ANSWER BOOK. A Low cost B Expensive C Large threshold population D Bought frequently (often, regularly) E Small threshold population F Not bought very often G A small range and sphere of influence H A big range and sphere of influence (3 x 2) (6) (b) Using information from the table in FIGURE 3.3B, give ONE example of a medical facility which provides the following: (i) High-order service (ii) Low-order service (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 12 DBE/2014 SCE 3.4 Surrounding the CBD of a city, one usually finds the zone of decay. This is a zone of mixed functions. 3.4.1 Explain what is meant by mixed functions. (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.2 What type of industries would one most likely find here? (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.3 Are the land values in the zone of decay (transition zone) LOW or HIGH? (1 x 1) (1) 3.4.4 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.4.3. (1 x 2) (2) [75] QUESTION 4 4.1 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (4.1.1– 4.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 4.1.6 G. COLUMN A COLUMN B 4.1.1 An increasing percentage of rural A urban growth people being accommodated in urban areas B urban expansion 4.1.2 Refers to the physical growth of a city C urban sprawl 4.1.3 A town located between two D urbanisation mountains E specialised town 4.1.4 Refers to the formless expansion of a city F gap town 4.1.5 A town involved in one dominant function (5 x 2) (10) 4.2 RURAL LAND USE Study FIGURE 4.2 in the ANNEXURE showing land use in a rural area in North West and answer the following questions. 4.2.1 Explain the term settlement. (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.2 Identify the settlement shape of Bopane. (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.3 Would you classify the settlement of Bopane as a RURAL or an URBAN settlement? Give a reason for your answer. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 13 DBE/2014 SCE 4.2.4 Identify TWO physical factors which led to the development of Bopane at this site. (2 x 2) (4) 4.2.5 Most of the inhabitants of this region are subsistence farmers. State TWO problems which they may encounter in their struggle for survival. (2 x 2) (4) 4.2.6 Identify the rural settlement pattern of Bopane. (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.7 State TWO advantages of the settlement pattern in Bopane. (2 x 2) (4) 4.2.8 Which TWO services need to be developed in the area to encourage more entrepreneurs to establish enterprises in Bopane? (2 x 2) (4) 4.3 RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION Refer to FIGURE 4.3 in the ANNEXURE showing the diagram of rural-urban migration and answer the following questions. 4.3.1 Explain the term rural-urban migration. (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.2 State TWO factors that draw rural inhabitants to urban areas. (2 x 2) (4) 4.3.3 Suggest TWO ways in which the development of new towns may help to reduce the problems associated with over-crowding of cities as a result of uncontrolled rural-urban migration. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4 URBAN MORPHOLOGY – LAND USE IN A CITY Study FIGURE 4.4 in the ANNEXURE of a sketch map of the structure of a city and answer the following questions. 4.4.1 What does the abbreviation CBD stand for? (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.2 Describe the location of the CBD. (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.3 Give TWO possible reasons for the location of the CBD. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.4 (a) Would you classify the cement factory as a HEAVY or LIGHT industry? (1 x 1) (1) (b) Motivate your answer to QUESTION 4.4.4(a) with TWO reasons. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.5 Identify THREE activities which are found on the rural-urban fringe of this settlement. (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 14 DBE/2014 SCE 4.4.6 Refer to the middle-income residential area. (a) Identify the street pattern of the middle-income residential area. (1 x 2) (2) (b) State TWO advantages of the street pattern in QUESTION 4.4.6(a). (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.7 Use evidence from the sketch and assess the negative impact that the power station would have on the middle-income residential area. (2 x 2) (4) [75] TOTAL SECTION B: 75 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 15 DBE/2014 SCE SECTION C: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question from this SECTION. QUESTION 5 5.1 Study FIGURE 5.1 in the ANNEXURE showing the map of South Africa and identify the following features on the map: 5.1.1 The neighbouring country labelled A 5.1.2 The name of the latitudinal line labelled B running through Limpopo 5.1.3 The smallest province labelled C 5.1.4 The capital city of the largest province labelled D 5.1.5 The ocean labelled E 5.1.6 The mountain range labelled F which divides South Africa into two physiographical regions 5.1.7 The largest river system labelled H (7 x 1) (7) 5.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Study FIGURE 5.2 in the ANNEXURE which is a table showing the percentage contribution of selected activities to the GDP of South Africa and answer the following questions. 5.2.1 What does the abbreviation GDP stand for? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.2 According to the table, which economic sector makes the greatest contribution to the GDP? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.3 What was the total contribution of the primary sector to the GDP in 2010? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.4 Which sub-sector has shown an increase from 2008 to 2010? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.5 Explain the trend shown by agriculture from 2008 to 2010. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 16 DBE/2014 SCE 5.2.6 Although the contribution of agriculture to South Africa's GDP is decreasing it still plays an important role in the economy of the country. (a) Name TWO factors hindering agriculture in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) (b) Discuss the importance of agriculture to the economy of South Africa. (3 x 2) (6) (c) A decline in agriculture may lead to a food shortage. State TWO measures that can be introduced to produce high yields. (2 x 2) (4) 5.3 POPULATION MOVEMENT 5.3.1 Explain the term migrant labour. (1 x 2) (2) 5.3.2 Name TWO neighbouring countries where South Africa's migrant labour mainly comes from. (2 x 2) (4) 5.3.3 Give THREE reasons why there is a high influx of migrant labour to Gauteng. (3 x 2) (6) 5.3.4 Discuss TWO problems that Gauteng will experience as a result of a high influx of migrant labour. (2 x 2) (4) 5.4 TERTIARY ACTIVITIES Refer to FIGURE 5.4 in the ANNEXURE which is a graph of South Africa's trade balance for 1999/2000 and answer the following questions. 5.4.1 Define the term balance of trade. (1 x 2) (2) 5.4.2 Name ONE month during 1999 when the country experienced a negative trade balance. Explain your answer with evidence from the graph. (2 x 2) (4) 5.4.3 Evaluate the importance of international trade to the economy of South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) 5.4.4 Explain any TWO strategies adopted by the government to improve its international trade. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 17 DBE/2014 SCE 5.5 Read the adapted newspaper article with the title 'Water crisis by 2020' and answer the questions that follow. WATER CRISIS BY 2020 South Africa faces a water crisis and could experience shortages as early as 2020, experts told the South African Water and Energy Forum. Mike Muller told delegates that 'a crisis is looming … if we don't panic now and take action we will be in a crisis by 2020'. The shortage will largely be due to water demand outstripping supply and to a lesser extent by poor water quality due to infrastructure deteriorating. Other contributing factors include leaking pipes and the theft of water by farmers along the Vaal River. Governments and municipalities are urged to build water infrastructure immediately. It is also important that companies understand their water footprint. Companies in Europe are thinking of detailing the water footprint of every item they sell. [Adapted from Times, 15 February 2011] 5.5.1 Explain the term water-transfer schemes. (1 x 2) (2) 5.5.2 Identify THREE reasons in the article why a water crisis is expected by the year 2020. (3 x 2) (6) 5.5.3 Name ONE water-transfer scheme that has been developed to supplement the water in Gauteng. (1 x 2) (2) 5.5.4 State TWO measures that can be employed by municipalities to conserve and better manage our water supply. (2 x 2) (4) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 18 DBE/2014 SCE QUESTION 6 6.1 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (6.1.1–6.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 6.1.6 G. COLUMN A COLUMN B 6.1.1 Value of goods and services produced in a A primary country in a year B secondary 6.1.2 Total value of goods and services produced by the permanent inhabitants of C commercial a country in a year D gross domestic 6.1.3 Activities that involve the extraction of product resources from nature E subsistence 6.1.4 Activities that increase the utility value of raw materials F gross national income 6.1.5 Market-orientated farming (5 x 2) (10) 6.2 DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL AND POPULATION DENSITY Study FIGURES 6.2A and 6.2B in the ANNEXURE showing rainfall distribution and population density and answer the following questions. 6.2.1 Explain the term population density. (1 x 2) (2) 6.2.2 Why does area W have such a low population density? (2 x 2) (4) 6.2.3 Give TWO reasons why the average rainfall is relatively high in area X. (2 x 2) (4) 6.2.4 Account for the high population density in area Y. (2 x 2) (4) 6.3 SECONDARY ACTIVITIES Study FIGURE 6.3 in the ANNEXURE showing an industrial area in South Africa and answer the following questions. 6.3.1 Explain the term secondary activity. (1 x 2) (2) 6.3.2 Identify the industrial area on the diagram. (1 x 2) (2) 6.3.3 Name TWO types of industries found in this area. (2 x 2) (4) 6.3.4 Which TWO factors favour the development of industries in this area? (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 19 DBE/2014 SCE 6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Read the extract from the Earth Summit for Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in August 2002 and answer the questions that follow. SUMMARY OF THE JOHANNESBURG DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT  We assume a collective responsibility to advance and strengthen the pillars of sustainable development, that consists of economic development, social development and environmental protection at the local, regional, national and global levels.  We recognise that ending poverty, changing consumption and production patterns and protecting and managing the natural resource base for economic and social development are the overarching objectives of, and essential requirements for sustainable development.  The line that divides human society between the rich and the poor and the ever-increasing gap between the developed and developing worlds pose a major threat to global prosperity, security and stability. 6.4.1 Explain the term economy. (1 x 2) (2) 6.4.2 Describe THREE pillars of sustainable development. (3 x 2) (6) 6.4.3 Give TWO reasons why it is necessary to achieve sustainable development. (2 x 2) (4) 6.4.4 What threatens global prosperity, security and stability? (1 x 2) (2) 6.4.5 The South African government introduced the RDP which aimed to rectify the social and economic inequalities in our societies. (a) What does the abbreviation RDP stand for? (1 x 2) (2) (b) Basic needs are essential for development. Give THREE examples of basic needs. (3 x 2) (6) (c) State ONE challenge that the government of South Africa has experienced in implementing RDP programme. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 20 DBE/2014 SCE 6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Study FIGURE 6.5 in the ANNEXURE which is an article on 'new pollution' and answer the following questions. 6.5.1 Name the harbour that handles most of South Africa's petroleum imports and exports. (1 x 1) (1) 6.5.2 Name TWO areas in the South Durban area that will be affected by air pollution from the new refinery. (2 x 2) (4) 6.5.3 Name ONE other cause of air pollution in the greater Durban area. (1 x 2) (2) 6.5.4 State TWO adverse effects that the new construction will have on the community of the South Durban area. (2 x 2) (4) 6.5.6 State TWO other measures that can be implemented by the city council to reduce air pollution in the Durban area. (2 x 2) (4) [75] TOTAL SECTION A: 75 GRAND TOTAL: 225 Copyright reserved