Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC June 2012 Memo (English)

basic education Department: Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY. P1 STANDARD GRADE 2012. MEMORANDUM MARKS: 225 DEPARTMENT OF BASIC EDUCATION 2012 -06- 26 PRIVATE BAG X 110 PRETORIA 0004 DRUBLIC EXAMINATIONS This memorandum consists of 17 pages. Copyright reserved Pe @ turn over j

Geography/SG/P1 2 DBE/2012 SCE — Memorandum SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 1 1.1 SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP 1.1.1 (a) Winter (b) more than 1 020 (c) coastal low (d) South Atlantic High {e) ridge 5x2 (10) 1.1.2 (a) Cloud cover - clear (0%) (b) Wind speed - 10 knots (c) Wind direction - WNW/NW 3x2 (6) 1.1.3 (a) mid-latitude cyclones. 1x2 (2) (b) — Family/train/cyclone family. 1x2 (2) (c) West to east/easterly/eastwards ~ 1x2 (2) (d) Westerlies 1x2 (2) (e) —_ Isobars are V-shaped Cold front, warm front, Warm sector, cold sector fully developed Pressure is below 1 000 hPa [Any ONE reason] 1x2 (2) 1.1.4 Gough Marion 2x2 (4) 1.2 1.2.1 E (conical hill) 1.2.2 A (interfluve) ae 8 (superimposed stream) 1.24 C (stream order) 1.2.5 F (butte) 5x2 (10) 1.3 1.3.1 A- Radial/centrifugal B - Rectangular 2x2 (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 3 DBE/2012 SCE - Memorandum 1.3.2 A- igneous 1x2 (2) 1.3.3 A high lying area that separates two drainage basins. 1x2 (2) [Concept] 1.3.4 Three/3 1x2 (2) 1.3.5 One/1 1x2 (2) 1.3.6 Gentle slope / low rainfall / high rock porosity / high rock permeability/ dense vegetation [Any ONE] 1x2 (2) 1.3.7 (a) & (b) vv © 4 a SOURCE Vr) a <f a & mz) SS xSle KNICK POINTYV oF . oe \s re (WATERFALLS) i B sha cas) 7 wets 22) oo ge Sao, 8S zhi ee i rn ae it ULTIMATE Y ii { eA BASE LEVEL 1.4 ECOSYSTEMS 3x2 (6) 1.4.1. Wetlands — land which is transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems/marshy areas. [Concept] 1x3 (3) 1.4.2 Fish Wild life Fibre [Any ONE] 1x2 (2) 1.4.3 They act like huge sponges, absorbing water during wet seasons and slowly releasing it during dry ones. Flood plains spread excess water across the land. [Any ONE reasonable answer] 1x2 (2) 1.4.4 B (resiliency) a Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 QUESTION 2 2.1 2.2 Copyright reserved 4 DBE/2012 SCE — Memorandum 1.4.5 Pollution Overfishing Hunting Poor farming practices Draining of wetlands [Any TWO] 2x2 (4) 1.4.6 Plants and animals need to be conserved so that they can be seen and appreciated by future generations. For the purpose of scientific research. Some plants have medicinal value. Plants and animals earn the country income through ecotourism. Plants and animals are important links in food chains and food webs. Conservation of mineral resources will ensure that they are not depleted too soon. Water conservation will ensure that there is a constant . supply available for future generation. [Any ONE reasonable answer] DEPARTMENT OF Basic] 1% (2) EDUCATION [75] 2012 -06- 26 PRIVATE BAG X 110 (polar front) PRETORIA 0001 (typhoons) PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS 2.1.1 C 2.1.2 C 2.1.3 A (coastal low and continental high) B B 2.1.4 _ (convection) (heat dome/pollution dome) 5x2 (10) TROPICAL CYCLONES 2.2.1 Air is circulating in an anticlockwise direction around the centre of the low pressure. 1x2 (2) 2.2.2 East to West/westerly/westwards 1x2 (2) 2.2.3 (a) Eye 1x2 (2) (b) Air sinks/subsiding air Calm Cloud-free No rain Windless [Any TWO weather conditions] 2x2 (4) (c) —_ B (cumulonimbus) 1x2 (2) Please turn over E> ~

Geography/SG/P1 § DBE/2012 SCE -— Memorandum 2.2.4 Awarm, extensive ocean surface above 27 °C. Winds must be light and variable Atmospheric instability An area of low pressure with some closed isobars An undisturbed period of several days Some upper air triggering action (Any TWO conditions) 2x2 (4) 2.2.5 Huge financial loss to the economy/wind/flood damage Cause shipwrecks Destroy valuable agricultural land. Damage to property Destruction to infrastructurd” BEPARTMENT GF BASIC (Any TWO) EDUCATION 2x2 (4) 2.3 2.3.1 B (lag time) 2.3.2 C (Tors) 2012 -06- 26 2.3.3 B (Stream density) PRIVATE BAG X 110 2.3.4 — C (misfit stream) PRETORIA 0004 2.3.5 _B (V-shaped valley) PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS 5x2 (10) 2.4 24.1 A Mesa B Butte Cc Cuesta/dip slope/homoclinical ridge/hogsback ridge 3x2 (6) 2.4.2 Forms when a plateau is erodedv V leaving behind a large flat topped hill with steep sides. VY” 2x2 (4) 2.4.3 Resistant igneous top and soft horizontal sedimentary rock below. 1x2 (2) 2.4.4 Ucrest V cliff/free face/scarp W talus/debris/scree X pediment. 4x2 (8) 2.5 ECOSYSTEMS 2.5.1 (a) | Worms/beetles’ 1x2 (2) (b) — Herbivore (primary consumer) caterpillar/ Carnivore (secondary consumer) crow/ Tertiary consumer (owl) [Any ONE] 1x2 (2) 2.5.2 (a) The interaction between living and non-living organisms in an environment. [Concept] 1x2 (2) (b) Transfer of energy from one organism to another. [Concept] 1x2 (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 6 DBE/2012 SCE — Memorandum 2.5.3 Biotic 1x2 (2) 2.5.4 Plants (vegetation) 1x1 (1) 2.5.5 Extinction of animals Decrease in animal population Decrease in food/ meat supply Imbalance to the eco-system [Any TWO effects/can also examples from the diagram] 2x2 (4) [75] TOTAL SECTION A: 75 ath ic EPARTMENT OF BAS DEP EDUCATION 2ni2 -06- 26 PRIVATE BAG X 110 PRETORIA 0001 I BUBLIC EXAMINATIONS Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 7 DBE/2012 SCE — Memorandum SECTION B: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 D (Site) - | (Village) << = (Primary) 3.1.4 C (Wet point) 3.1.5 A (Farmstead) 3.1.6 H (Linear) 6x2 (12) 3.2 321 A nucleated B dispersed 2x2 (4) 3.2.2 Stock farming/ Crop farming (cultivation) 2x2 (4) 3.2.3 Safety — people live together and support and protect each other Exchange of ideas, skills and information Social contact between farmers Basic services provided 1x2 (2) 3.2.4 B (aspect of slope) 1x2 (2) 3.2.5 Footpaths Deforestation 1x2 (2) 3.2.6 Farming on the banks of the river Water available for irrigation Land is flat Land is fertile [Any TWO] 2x2 (4) ("BEBRRTMENT OF BASIC 3.3 URBAN GEOGRAPHY i EDUCATION 3.3.1 A (urban expansion) | api? -08- 26 VATE BAG X 110 3.3.2 B (urban sprawl) PRIVATE aot 3.3.3 B (urban profile) r I—EUBLIC EXAMINATIONS _ | 3.3.4 A (urban growth) 3.3.5 C (megalopolis) 3.3.6 C (urban ribbon development) 6x2 (12) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 8 3.4 3.5 SCE — Memorandum LAND-USE ZONES 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 A (CBD) High land values Intense land use Has many commercial functions Accessibility [Any ONE] Promote the use of public transport Decentralise functions that generate a lot of heat Establish roof gardens Plant trees on pavements Establish parks within the city [Any TWO] Retail Wholesale Entertainment Finance Accommodation [Any TWO] A (commercial decentralisation) (a) Houses are old DEPARTMENT OF BASIC Social decay EDUCATION Overcrowding Crime Pollution 2012 -08- 26 Expensive land PRIVATE BAG X 110 Area neglected PRETORIA 0001 Mixed functions (PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS [Any TWO] (b) Urban renewal projects Gentrification Facadism Decentralisation of urban functions Provide low-income housing Discourage informal settlement Pass legislation to control pollution Increase policing to control crime [Any TWO] URBANISATION 3.5.1 (a) 22% (range 21-23) (b) 58% Copyright reserved DBE/2012 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 2x2 (4) 2x2 (4) 1x2 (2) 2x2 (4) 2x2 (4) 2x2 (4) Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 9 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 SCE — Memorandum The rate of urbanization is steady increasingly. Rapid increase from 2010 [Any ONE] Shortage of houses Shortage of resources Overcrowding and congestion Pollution Unemployment Crime rate increases Informal settlement Inadequate services Rapid increase from 2010 [Any TWO] Will reduce overcrowding in the city Reduce traffic congestion in the city [Any ONE] QUESTION 4 44 4.2 444 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 in DEPART OE a BASIC nig -06- 26 10 PRIVATE BAG X 1 PRETORIA 0001 (PUBLIC EX > EXAMINATIONS i be r False i True True on True True RURAL SETTLEMENTS 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 Commercial/cattle/stock/crop Dispersed/isolated Area is flat (gentle relief) allowing for easy construction of roads and settlements. Away from noise and pollution common in urban centres. Close to nature Enjoy farm life Copyright reserved DBE/2012 1x1 (1) 2x2 (4) 1x2 (2) [75] 6x2 (12) 1x2 (2) 1x2(2) 1x2 (2) 2x2 (4) Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 10 DBE/2012 SCE — Memorandum 4.2.5 Droughts and floods resulted in the decrease of agricultural production Many rural dwellers have migrated to cities Services in rural areas become neglected Food security is threatened Water supply decreases [Any TWO] 2x2 (4) 4.2.6 Build dams to store water Exploit underground water reserves by constructing wind pumps Constructing water transfer schemes Improve on irrigation methods to conserve water e.g drip irrigation Cultivate drought resistant crops [Any TWO] 2x2 (4) URBAN SETTLEMENT EBKSIC CERIGTWIENT OF BAS | DER AT EDUCATION | 4.3.2 H (threshold population) gor. ~08 26 4.3 4.3.1 E (break-of-bulk point) Av BAG X 110 4.3.3 F (gap town) PRETORIA 0001 _PRETORIAO . STE EXAMINATIONS 4.3.4 D (sphere of influence) PUBLIC EXA 4.3.5 C (central place) 4.3.6 A (range) 6x2 (12) 4.4 URBAN LAND USE 4.4.1 Less congestion/more accessible More parking space Greater safety Greater variety of shops Under one roof Closer to the people. [Any THREE] 3x2 (6) 4.4.2 (a) — Along transport route (road) Low land prices Close to labour Away from the CBD [Any TWO] 2x2 (4) (b) Pollution have strict law regulating pollution. factories e.g. higher chimneys/less smoke etc. [Any ONE reason] 2x2 (4) 4.4.3. Green belt 1x1 (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 1 DBE/2012 SCE - Memorandum 4.4.4 Prevent uncontrolled growth Beautifies the environment Reduces pollution Serves as a recreational area Home for certain wild animals [Any THREE] 3x2 (6) 4.5 TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS 4.5.1 A (informal settlement) 1x2 (2) 4.5.2 C (on the fringe of the city) 1x2 (2) 4.5.3 Lack of services Pollution Lack of security Fires destroy homes Crime [Any TWO reasonable answers] 2x2 (4) 4.5.4 Lack of proper waste control leads to environmental despoliation Fires leads to air pollution. Water pollution Deforestation/Removal of natural vegetation [Any ONE] 2x2 (4) [75] TOTAL SECTION B: 75 qni2 -06- 26 AG X 110 PApErORIAOOD! moe EXAMINATION | _ Copyright reserved Please turn over ES

Geography/SG/P1 12 DBE/2012 SCE - Memorandum SECTION C: SOUTH AFRICAN GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 5 5.1.1 D (Saldanha Bay) 1x2 (2) 5.1.2 A (Vaal; Caledon) <cpRRTMENT OF BASIC 1x2 (2) 5.1.3. C (Western Cape) oe EDUCATIC! 1x2 (2) 5.1.4 D (Gauteng) { 1x2 (2) 5.1.5 — B (winter) \ pore -06 26 1x2 (2) j pRIVATE BAG X 110 \ PRETORIA 0001 acme 5.2 PHYSICALBACKGROUND = |—=ar{@ EXAMINATIONS 5.2.4 Fynbos = 1x2 (2) §.2.2 Cape Fold Mountains 1x2 (2) 5.2.3 Permanent 1x2 (2) 5.2.4 Durban-Pinetown 1x2 (2) 6.2.5 1 1x2 (2) 5.3. DRAINAGE 5.3.1 (a) 2. 000—4 000 million m? per year 1x2 (2) (b) 2 000-4 000 million m® per year 1x2 (2) (c). Orange/Gariep/Senqu River 1x1 (1) 5.3.2 Orange: Low rainfall area High rainfall variability High evaporation rate Water infiltrates sandy soils easily Water infiltrate dry soils easily Many episodic river tributaries Covers longer distance Many large dams Low water table feeds the Orange River Tugela: High rainfall area Low rainfall variability Low evaporation rate Nature of soil allows for less infiltration Moisture in soil allows for less infiltration Tributaries are permanent rivers [Any TWO] 2x2 (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 13 SCE — Memorandum 5.4 NATURAL VEGETATION DEPARTMENT OF BASIC 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 EDUCATION Sweet grass Eastwards/west to east 9012 -06- 26 Overstocking PRIVATE BAG X 110 Overgrazing PRETORIA 0001 Clearing grass areas for cultivatior|_PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS Natural vegetation destroyed Soil erosion sets in Soil fertility drops Weaker plant species take over Population pressure Global warming [Any ONE — Accept other valid answer] Reduction in stock numbers Rotational grazing Rotational cultivation Re-vegetating with indigenous plants Legislation to protect indigenous plants Create nature reserves Establish botanical gardens Public education Monitoring of the environment [Any ONE — Accept other] 5.5 DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES 5.5.1 5.5.2 §.5.3 5.5.4 Copyright reserved (a) _ Reconstruction and Development Programme (b) | Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy RDP — social GEAR — economic Provide basic needs Improve housing Provide running water in homes Provide electricity Build proper roads [Any TWO] Some houses are of poor quality. A lot of corruption is taking place. Houses are allocate to people who does not qualify [Any ONE] DBE/2012 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 2x2 (4) 2x2 (4) 1x2 (2) Please turn over

Geography/SG/P1 14 DBE/2012 5.6 Copyright reserved Please turn over ECONOMIC SECTORS EDUCATION 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 SCE — Memorandum (DEPARTMENT OF BASIC” } Primary 1x2 (2) 2012 -06- 26 Employment BAG X 110 . PRIVATE B¢ Provide food PRETORIA 0001 Exporting PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS Foreign income Provide raw materials for industries Development/growth of settlements Development/growth of infrastructure Linked to other enterprises [Any TWO. Accept other valid answers] 2x2 (4) Range of climates promotes farming of different agricultural products. Fertile soils in eastern half of country. Flat interior promotes mechanization. Permanent rivers and good groundwater supply in eastern half of country. Good market. Well developed infrastructure. Land Bank provides low interest loans to formally disadvantaged people. Specialization. Introduction of new strains of animals and plants. Improved farming methods, machinery and pest control. Improved climate research has made drought prediction more accurate. [Any TWO. Accept other reasonable answers] 2x2 (4) Insufficient rain and shortage of water in west Severe frost occur in river valleys Soil erosion is common in steep slopes Escarpment and entrenched river valleys make farming difficult Periodic and episodic rivers dry up in the west Shallow, sandy soils in the western half of the country Irrigation and inter-basin water transfer schemes is expensive Farms are abandoned due to rural-urban migration Mechanisation cannot be used on the small scale and yields are low Labour policy caused a decrease in the yields Gradual reduction of state subsidies Subsistence farmers only produce for own consumption thus no profit [Any TWO. Accept other reasonable answers] 2x2 (4) —

Geography/SG/P1 18 SCE - Memorandum 5.7 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION a _ 5.7.3 QUESTION 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 Decreases Higher rainfall in east More fertile soil in east Farming concentrated in east More minerals in east Historical factors e.g. homelands established in east Harbours and trade along the east coast High concentration of industries in east [Also accept reasons for low density in west] [Any TWO] (a) 100+/more than 100 people per km? (b) Industrial activities in PWV Mining activities Many tertiary services Many employment opportunities Pretoria capital city DBE/2012 1x2 (2) 2x2 (4) 1x2 (2) Head offices of many government departments / companies [Any ONE — Accept other] C (South Indian/Mauritius) D (Namibia) A (summer) B (Orange; Vaal; Caledon) C (convectional) 6.2 PHYSICAL BACKGROUND 6.2.1 Northwest 6.2.2 Kimberley 6.2.3 Port Elizabeth 6.2.4 Mozambique 6.2.5 Drakensberg Copyright reserved 1x2 (2) [75] 5x2 (10) 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) 1x2 (2) Please turn over ZB

Geography/SG/P1 16 DBE/2012 SCE - Memorandum 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 Process by which a desert gradually spreads into neighbouring area [Concept] 1x2 (2) Deforestation and vegetation clearance Removal of vegetation through overgrazing and overcultivation Incorrect ploughing methods Cultivation of marginal areas Irrigation without adequate drains [Any ONE] 1x2 (2) Western half 1x2 (2) Unreliable rainfall leads to dry conditions/high rainfall variability Low rainfall High rate of evaporation Semi-permanent high pressure cells or anti-cyclones [Any ONE] 1x2 (2) r“BEBARTMENT OF BASIC Reduction in stock numbers EDUCATION Rotational cultivation Rotational grazing _ 2012 -06- 26 Re-vegetating with indigenous plants oe a Protect natural vegetation waa ILE OU eel PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS Create nature reserves Rehabilitate dongas [Any ONE method — Accept other] 1x2 (2) 6.4 MINING 6.4.1 6.4.2 Copyright reserved Please turn over (a) Primary 1x2 (2) (b) Minerals are extracted from the ground 1x2 (2) Geology — wide variety of minerals Minerals like coal close to the earth's surface and easily removed Low geothermal gradient and temperatures do not increase rapidly as one goes underground Large skilled and unskilled labour pool Government support and protection Well-developed infrastructure Moderate climate result in pleasant working conditions Devaluation of currencies Thick shallow seam of coal [Any TWO — Accept other valid answers] 2x2 (4)

Geography/SG/P1 17 DBE/2012 SCE — Memorandum EDUCATION 6.4.3 Non-renewable minerals High accident rates in mines Ne. Health risks mat 0 aU Underground water floods in mines Drouin Labour disputes and strikes | PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS Dependency on foreign markets Large distance between mines and harbours Water shortages Immigrants from other parts of southern Africa flocking into RSA High cost in training Fluctuation in mineral prices Change in demand for specific minerals [Any TWO — Accept other reasonable answers] 2x2 (4) 6.4.4 Provides employment Foreign exchange earned Trade relationships established Provide raw material for industries Plays role in development of settlements Plays role in development of infrastructure Mines pay tax to the government {Any TWO — Accept other reasonable answers] 2x2 (4) 6.5 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 6.5.1 Raw materials processed/manufactured into a useful product 1x2 (2) 6.5.2 Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging 1x3 (3) 6.5.3 Large pool of skilled and unskilled labourers Rich in raw materials Good transport network Close to large power sources / electricity Availability of water form water transfer schemes Flat land on the Plateau Large market [Any TWO] 2x2 (4) 6.5.4 Overuse of water Electricity shortages Congestion on roads Lack of open space for development Air pollution Overpopulation Far from foreign markets Large distances to harbours [Any TWO — Accept other valid answers] 2x2 (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over —_

Geography/SG/P1 _ DBE/2012 SCE -— Memorandum 6.5.5 SASOL ISCOR/MITTAL AECI Motor Vehicle Assembly Atlas Aircraft Corporation [Any TWO — Accept other] 2x2 (4) 6.6 WATER TRANSFER 6.6.1 Tugela-Vaal/TUVA/Drakensberg Pump Storage Scheme 1x2 (2) 6.6.2 Irrigation Mining Domestic use [Any ONE] 1x2 (2) 6.6.3 Hydro-electricity 1x2 (2) 6.7. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 6.7.1 Transaction between one country and another. [Concept] 1x2 (2) 6.7.2 Leads to an unfavourable balance of trade The economy of the couniry is weaken by more imports Inflation sets in [Any ONE reasonable answer] 1x2 (2) 6.7.3 Produce locally manufactured goods ~ Proudly South African Import substitution Export promotion Produced import control Impose higher import tariffs Provide tax incentives for local industries [Any ONE reasonable answer] 1x2 (2) [75] = TENT OF BASIC TOTAL SECTION C: 75 Dee DUCATION GRAND TOTAL: 225 2012 -06- 26 PRIVATE BAG X ‘110 PRETORIA 0001 PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS Copyright reserved