Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC June 2012 Question Paper (English)

basic education Department: Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY P1 STANDARD GRADE 2012 MARKS: 225 TIME: 3 hours GEOGRAPHY SG: Paper 1 5022E 50221E This question paper consists of 22 pages and an 11-page addendum. X@5 NMI Copyright reserved | HI iil ill IMNIN tll It} Ill lll Ill Please turn over GAUTENG

Geography/SG/P1 2 DBE/2012 SCE INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION ik 2. 10. dd, This question paper consists of THREE SECTIONS, namely A, B and C. Answer only THREE questions: ONE from SECTION A ONE from SECTION B ONE from SECTION C All diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE. Number all your answers in the centre of the page. Leave a line between subsections answered. Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. Encircle the numbers of the questions you have answered on the FRONT page of the ANSWER BOOK. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams. Write neatly and legibly. coommvesore’ NN Peas tum ov

Geography/SG/P1 3 DBE/2012 SCE SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question from this section. QUESTION 1 1.1 SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP Study FIGURE 1.1 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions: Letters A, B, C, D, E and F have been printed on the map. 1.1.1 Copyright reserved Choose the correct word/concept within brackets: (a) |The season represented on the synoptic weather map is (summer/winter). (b) The approximate pressure reading at the centre of pressure cell labelled A is (more than 1 O20/less than 1 020) hPa. (c) | A (coastal low/thermal low) is located at B. (d) Pressure cell C is referred to as the (South Indian High/South Atlantic High). (e) A (ridge/trough) is located at D. (6 x 2) Describe the weather experienced at Windhoek (E) under the following headings: (a) Cloud cover (b) Wind speed (c) Wind direction (3 x 2) Refer to the low-pressure cells labelled F. (a) | Choose the correct answer: These low-pressure cells are known as (tropical cyclones/mid-latitude cyclones). (1 x 2) (b) | What is a series of such low-pressure cells known as when they are linked together? (1 x 2) (c) In which general direction do these cells move? (1 x 2) (d) | Name the wind that steers these pressure cells. (1 x 2) (e) Give ONE piece of evidence from the map that suggests that this low-pressure cell is in the mature stage of development. (1 x 2) CTO ATAU A Please tun over (10) (6) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Geography/SG/P1 1.1.4 4 DBE/2012 SCE Name TWO islands on the map from where South Africa gathers weather information. (2 x 2) 1.2 Choose a concept from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A-F) next to the question number (1.2.1-1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 G. 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 COLUMN A COLUMN B Low-lying rounded hills formed interfluve when the resistant cap is completely removed source High-lying area between two stream order streams of the same river system superimposed stream mo oa WwW > A stream that has maintained its conical hill original slope and direction and has not adjusted to the present | F butte rock structure Grading of rivers according to a hierarchy A small koppie with a flat surface (5 x 2) 1.3 STREAM PATTERNS AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES Study FIGURES 1.3 (A) and 1.3 (B) in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions: 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6 Copyright reserved Name each of the stream patterns A and B. (2 x 2) The rock type associated with stream pattern A is ... rock. A_ igneous B_ sedimentary C metamorphic (1 x 2) Explain the term watershed. (1 x 2) How many drainage basins are there in diagram E? (1 x 2) Which tributary, 1 or 2 in diagram D, shows a higher drainage density? (1 x 2) State ONE factor which could cause a stream to have a low drainage density. (1x 2) FUT UOTE ATO A A Please tun over GAUTENG (4) (10) (4) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Geography/SG/P1 1.3.7 5 DBE/2012 SCE Refer to drainage basin D. Copy the cross-section below between X and Y in your ANSWER BOOK. Indicate the ULTIMATE BASE LEVEL, SOURCE and KNICK POINT. (3x2) 1.4 ECOSYSTEMS Read the text below and answer the following questions: Wetlands are able to reduce the severity (harshness) of droughts and floods by regulating (controlling) stream flow. Wetlands also purify (clean) water and provide habitats (environments) for many different plants, insects and animals. In fact, wetlands provide a host of services or functions (such as water management) and goods or valuable resources (such as fish, fibre and wildlife). South Africa is a water-poor country, yet we destroyed more than 50% of our wetlands. 1.4.1 Define the term wetland. (1x 3) 1.4.2 Name ONE valuable resource that wetlands provide. (1x 2) 1.4.3 State ONE way in which wetlands maintain a natural balance during floods and droughts. (1 x 2) 1.4.4 Choose the correct answer: The ability of an ecosystem to maintain a healthy state in the face of outside interference is referred to as ... A perturbation. B_sresiliency. (1 x 2) 1.4.5 State TWO ways in which humans can cause an imbalance in the wetland ecosystem. (2 x 2) 1 P Copyright reserved CAT ATO EAE A A Tease turn over (6) (3) (2) (2) (2) (4)

Geography/SG/P1 6 DBE/2012 SCE 1.4.6 Conservation refers to the protection of our natural resources. Give ONE reason why there is a need for conservation. (1 x 2) (2) [75] QUESTION 2 2.1 Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question number (2.1.1-2.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.1.6 C. A A zone that separates cold polar winds from the warm westerly winds is referred to as a/an ... A cold front. B_ occluded front. C_ polar front. D_ warm front. pay Tropical cyclones are known as ... in China. A hurricanes B_ Willy Willies C_ typhoons D_ tornadoes 2.1.3 Berg winds are the result of the interaction between the ... A coastal low pressure and continental high pressure. B_ South Atlantic high pressure and thermal low pressure. C_ continental low pressure and South Indian high pressure. D_ continental low pressure and coastal low pressure. 2.1.4 Upslope movement of air during the day occurs as a result of ... A subsidence. B_ convection. C_ temperature inversion. D_ convergence. 2.1.5 The vertical representation of a heat island is known as a/an ... urban profile. heat dome/pollution dome. low-pressure zone. high-pressure zone. (5 x 2) (10) 0NOWUDY Cont esoves NT 0 Pease um over

Geography/SG/P1 7 DBE/2012 SCE | TROPICAL CYCLONE Study FIGURE 2.2 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions: 2.2.1 The cyclone is in the northern hemisphere. Give a reason to support this statement. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.2 Give the general direction of movement of these storms. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.3 Refer to the centre of the cyclone. (a) What is the centre of the storm known as? (1 x 2) (2) (b) Describe the weather conditions at the centre. (2 x 2) (4) (c) | The cloud type found around the centre of the cyclone is ... A cirrus. B cumulonimbus. Cc cumulus. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.4 State any TWO conditions that are necessary for the development of these storms. (2x2) (4) 2.2.5 Explain the impact of these violent storms on the economy. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3 Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question number (2.3.1—2.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 2.3.1 The time interval between the peak rainfall intensity and the maximum river flow is known as ... peak flow. lag time. abnormal flow. discharge. whem 2.3.2 ... consist of a mass of core stones that are linked to the bedrock and are surrounded by weathered material. Domes Cuestas Tors Massive sedimentary rocks whens 2 Cepmaecret MIAH Pew tun or

Geography/SG/P1 8 DBE/2012 SCE 2.3.3 Which ONE of the following factors does NOT influence stream flow? A Nature of rainfall B_ Stream density C_ Permeability and porosity of rock D_ The ground water content already present 2.3.4 A ... refers to a river which flows in a valley that appears to accommodate a far larger river. A captured stream B_ captor stream C_ misfit stream D_ superimposed stream 2.3.5 The fluvial feature most commonly found in the upper course of a river is a/an... A braided stream. B_ V-shaped valley. C_ U-shaped valley. D_ oxbow lake. (5 x 2) 2.4 STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS AND SLOPE ELEMENTS Study FIGURE 2.4 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions: 2.4.1 Identify features A, B and C. (3 x 2) 2.4.2 Explain how feature A is formed. (2 x 2) 2.4.3 Describe the main characteristics of the underlying rock associated with feature A. (1x2) 2.4.4 The diagram below represents the side view of feature A. Name the slope elements U, V, W and X. (4x2) conyteroseves ———IAANIUNNNIIININ, === 252 (10) (6) (2) (8)

Geography/SG/P1 9 DBE/2012 SCE 2.5 ECOSYSTEMS Study FIGURE 2.5 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions: 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 Copyright reserved Identify the following elements of an ecosystem from the diagram: (a) Adecomposer (1 x 2) (b) | Aconsumer (1 x 2) Explain the following terms: (a) Ecosystem (1 x 2) (b) Food chain (1x 2) Give the term used to describe all the living elements of this ecosystem. (1 x 2) Give ONE example of a producer. (1 x 1) Evaluate the impact of uncontrolled hunting on this ecosystem. (2 x 2) TOTAL SECTION A: UUM 08 A Pease tum over GAUTENG (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (4) [75] 75

Geography/SG/P1 10 DBE/2012 SCE SECTION B: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question from this section. QUESTION 3 3.1 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A-H) next to the question number (3.1.1-3.1.6) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.1.7 J. COLUMN A COLUMN B 3.1.1 The exact piece of land on whicha |A_ farmstead settlement is located B village 3.1.2 The largest form of rural settlement C_ wet point 3.1.3 An activity where people are engaged mainly in farming and Dssite fishing E primary 3.1.4 A settlement that is found around a permanent source of water F _ stellar | The smallest type of rural Gs dry point settlement H — linear 3.1.6 The shape of the rural settlement along the banks of a river 3.2 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (6x2) Refer to FIGURE 3.2 in the ANNEXURE, showing a river valley situated at 28° south, and answer the following questions: 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 Copyright reserved Identify the rural settlement pattern found at each of A and B respectively. (2 x 2) Give TWO examples of subsistence farming in this area. (2 x 2) Name ONE social advantage enjoyed by the people living in settlement A. (1.x 2) The factor influencing the site of settlement A is ... A minerals. B_ aspect of slope. C_ prevailing winds. (1x2) FOO UDO AO AT Please turn over (12) (4) (4) (2) (2)

Geography/SG/P1 11 DBE/2012 SCE 3.2.5 Soil erosion is a problem in the area. Refer to the map and state ONE factor that has increased the rate of soil erosion in the area. (1x 2) 3.2.6 State any TWO factors that will favour agriculture at C. (2 x 2) 3.3 Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question number (3.3.1—3.3.6) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.3.7 D. 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 Copyright reserved Physical growth of a town or city is termed ... A urban expansion. Burban growth. C_ urbanisation. Durban sprawl. Formless expansion of a city is termed ... A_ urban expansion. B_ urban sprawl. C_ urban ribbon development. Durban hierarchy. The side view of the city is referred to as the ... urban morphology. urban profile. urban expansion. urban sprawl. woke 2 The increase in the number of urban inhabitants is referred to as ... A urban growth. B_ urban expansion. C ametropolis. Durban sprawl. The largest form of an urban settlement isa... A metropolis. B_ conurbation. C megalopolis. D city. Expansion of a city along a transport network is referred to as ... urban hierarchy. urban growth. urban ribbon development. conurbation. (6 x 2) EID ETD AO A A Pease turn over lwek 2 (2) (4) (12)

Geography/SG/P1 12 DBE/2012 SCE 3.4 LAND-USE ZONES Refer to FIGURE 3.4 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions: 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 Area A on the photograph is the ... A CBD. B transitional zone. C heavy industrial zone. (1 x2) Give ONE reason why the tallest buildings are found atA. (1 x 2) Area A experiences serious problems with regards to urban heat production. Suggest TWO sustainable measures that city managers could implement to reduce temperatures within the city. (2 x 2) Name any TWO commercial functions found in this area. (2 x 2) The term used to describe the movement of functions away from area Ais ... A commercial decentralisation. B_ zone of decay. C_ rural-urban fringe. (1 x 2) Area B is a transitional zone. (a) Name TWO characteristics of this zone. (2 x 2) (b) Suggest TWO measures that urban planners could implement to improve conditions in this zone. (2 x 2) 3.5 URBANISATION Refer to FIGURE 3.5 in the ANNEXURE showing South Africa's urban population for the period 1960 to 2020. ce | 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 Copyright reserved Give the percentage population for the following: (a) 1970 (b) 2010 (2 x 2) Describe the urbanisation trend in South Africa during this period (1970-2010). (1x 1) Name TWO problems likely to be experienced in the urban areas as a result of this trend (urbanisation). (2 x 2) Suggest the positive impact of the development of a large outlying/regional shopping centre would have on the CBD. (1 x 2) FAUT ANA TO A A Please turn over GAUTENG (2) (2) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (1) (4) (2) [75]

Geography/SG/P1 13 DBE/2012 SCE QUESTION 4 4.1 Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Choose the answer and write only ‘true’ or ‘false’ next to the question number (4.1.1-4.1.6) in the ANSWER BOOK. 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 Farmsteads that are far from each other are termed nucleated settlements. A hamlet is the largest form of a rural settlement. A dry-point settlement is found away from the source of water since flooding is a threat. The situation of a settlement refers to the location of the settlement in relation to other settlements. The shape of a settlement is referred to as morphology. The RDP is aimed at improving the quality of life of all South Africans. (6 x 2) 4.2 RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Refer to FIGURE 4.2 in the ANNEXURE, showing a rural settlement 30 km outside Ladysmith in KwaZulu-Natal, and answer the following questions: 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 Copyright reserved Identify the type of commercial farming shown in FIGURE 4.2 (1 x 2) Name the settlement pattern shown. (1 x 2) Explain how the relief (topography) of the area contributed to the siting of the settlement. (1 x 2) State TWO advantages enjoyed by the people living in this rural area. (2 x 2) Explain TWO ways in which climatic changes have negatively impacted on people living in rural areas. (2 x 2) Suggest TWO possible solutions to the problems stated in QUESTION 4.2.5. (2 x 2) FUN UO AO Please tum over (12) (2) (2) (2) (4) (4) (4)

Geography/SG/P1 14 DBE/2012 SCE 4.3 Choose a term/concept from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write down the letter (A-F) next to the question number (4.3.1-4.3.6) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 4.3.7 G. 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 COLUMN A COLUMN B A settlement where one mode |A range of transport is replaced by another B centrifugal Minimum number of people C central place needed to support a service establishment D _ sphere of influence A settlement occurring where a | E break-of-bulk point route passes through a physical obstacle F gap town The market area from which G urban renewal customers are drawn H _ threshold population A service centre for the surrounding rural area Maximum distance a person is willing to travel to a service establishment (6 x 2) 44 URBAN LAND USE Study FIGURE 4.4 in the ANNEXURE, showing land use of a city, and answer the following questions: 441 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 Copyright reserved The city has many outlying (regional) shopping centres. Name THREE advantages enjoyed by these centres. (3 x 2) Area C is a heavy industrial area. (a) Suggest TWO factors that favoured the location of industries in this area. (2 x 2) (b) Name ONE environmental problem experienced in this area and suggest a possible solution. (2 x 2) Name the land-use zone at A. (1x 1) State any THREE advantages that the zone mentioned in QUESTION 4.4.3 will have for the city. (3 x 2) CHOU UT AGE A Please tm over GAUTENG (12) (6) (4) (4) (1) (6)

Geography/SG/P1 15 DBE/2012 SCE 45 TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS Refer to FIGURE 4.5 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions: 4.5.1 The type of settlement represented in the photograph is a/an ... A _ informal settlement. B_ formal settlement. C_ high-income residential zone. D_ middle-income residential zone. (1x 2) 4.5.2 Such areas will most likely be found ... A _ in the city centre. Bin the rural areas. C_ on the fringe of the city. Din the transitional zone. (1 x 2) 4.5.3 Name TWO problems experienced by the people living in such settlements. (2 x 2) 4.5.4 Explain the negative impact such settlements will have on the environment. (2 x 2) TOTAL SECTION B: Conyintesoves YIN HI Plsetum ove (2) (2) (4) (4) [75] 75

Geography/SG/P1 16 DBE/2012 SCE SECTION C: SOUTH AFRICAN GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question from this section. QUESTION 5 5.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question number (5.1.1—5.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 5.1.6 A. =| ... is the main harbour through which iron ore is exported. A Durban B_ Port Elizabeth C Richards Bay D Saldanha Bay 5.1.2 The main tributaries of the Orange River are the ... River and the ... River. A Vaal, Caledon B_ Vaal, Wilge C Caledon, Wilge D_— Caledon, Crocodile os The only region in South Africa which has a Mediterranean climate is the ... A __ west coast of the Northern Cape. B south coast of KwaZulu-Natal. C Western Cape. D_ Free State plateau. 5.1.4 The Highveld physiographic (relief) region includes most of ... A __ the Eastern Cape. B KwaZulu-Natal. C the Western Cape. D Gauteng. 5.1.5 The main characteristic of a Mediterranean climate is its ... rainfall. A autumn B winter C spring D summer (5 x 2) (10) copmohmcoved NNN NL Pease um or

Geography/SG/P1 17 DBE/2012 SCE . 5.2 PHYSICAL BACKGROUND Refer to FIGURE 5.2 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions: _ What type of vegetation characterises region 2? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.2 Are the mountains north-east of region 2 collectively referred to as the Drakensberg or the Cape Fold Mountains? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.3 Will the region marked 3 be characterised by permanent, periodic or episodic rivers? (1x2) (2) 5.2.4 Name the major industrial region in KwaZulu-Natal found in the region marked 3. (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.5 Which of the regions marked 1, 2 or 3 is referred to as the plateau? (1x 2) (2) 5.3 DRAINAGE Refer to FIGURE 5.3 in the ANNEXURE, showing the discharge of major rivers in South Africa. 5.3.1 (a) What is the average discharge of the Orange River? (1 x 2) (2) (b) What is the average discharge of the Tugela River? (1 x 2) (2) (c) Which of the above-mentioned rivers has the largest drainage basin? (1x 1) (1) | Give TWO possible reasons why the discharges of the Orange and Tugela Rivers are the same, even though the size of their drainage basins differs. (2x2) (4) 5.4 NATURAL VEGETATION Refer to FIGURE 5.4 in the ANNEXURE, showing a change in natural vegetation in South Africa. This change in natural vegetation will result in a vegetation imbalance in South Africa. 5.4.1 Identify ONE vegetation region that is under threat. (1 x 2) (2) 7. In which direction is the vegetation imbalance spreading? (1 x 2) (2) 5.4.3 State a possible cause of the spreading vegetation imbalance. (1 x 2) (2) 5.4.4 Suggest a possible method that can be introduced to prevent or reverse the changes that are taking place in South Africa's natural vegetation. (1 x 2) (2) coomvoces NN 0 Pas tum ov

Geography/SG/P1 18 DBE/2012 5.5 5.6 5.7 Conmmosomed ANI Pee tum over SCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES RDP and GEAR are among others two economic policies implemented in South Africa after 1994. The one policy focuses on social development and the other on economic development. 5.5.1 Write out the following abbreviations in full: (a) RDP (1 x 2) (b) GEAR (1 x 2) 5.5.2 Indicate which of these policies is involved in social and economic development respectively. (2 x 2) sae State TWO ways in which local communities benefited by the implementation of RDP. (2 x 2) 5.5.4 State ONE setback (shortcoming) of this economic policy (RDP). (1x 2) ECONOMIC SECTORS Although the percentage contributed by farming to South Africa's GDP is decreasing, the role of farming in South Africa's economic development should not be underestimated. South Africa supports both commercial farming and subsistence farming. 5.6.1 To which economic sector does agriculture belong? (1 x 2) 5.6.2 Discuss the importance of agriculture to South Africa's economic development and the people of South Africa. (2 x 2) 5.6.3 Name TWO factors that favour agriculture in South Africa. (2 x 2) 5.6.4 Name TWO factors that restrict (hinder) agriculture in South Africa. (2 x 2) POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Refer to FIGURE 5.7 in the ANNEXURE, showing South Africa's population distribution. 5.7.1 How does South Africa's population density change from east to west? (1 x 2) 5.7.2 State TWO factors that determined South Africa's population distribution. (2 x 2) 5.7.3 (a) What is the population density in the region marked B?(1 x 2) (b) Give a possible reason for the dense settlement in the region marked B. (1 x 2) (2) (2) (4) (2) (2) (4) (4) (4) (2) (4) (2) (2) [75]

Geography/SG/P1 19 DBE/2012 SCE QUESTION 6 6.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question number (6.1.1-6.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 6.1.6 A. 6.1.1 The high-pressure cell situated to the east of South Africa is the ... High-pressure Cell. A __ Kalahari B South Atlantic/St Helena C South Indian/Mauritius D South Pacific 6.1.2 ... is separated from South Africa by the Orange River. A Zimbabwe B Botswana C Swaziland D- Namibia 6.1.3 The interior of South Africa receives most of its rainfall during ... A summer. B autumn. C_ winter. D _ spring. 6.1.4 The following rivers drain the South African plateau: A Orange, Vaal, Tugela B Orange, Vaal, Caledon C Orange, Caledon, Tugela D_ Tugela, Kei, Umzimvubu 6.1.5 The interior of South Africa experiences mainly ... rainfall. A _ frontal/cyclonic B _ orographic/relief C_convectional D_ convergent (5 x 2) (10) Conymomresores NANA Peas tum ovr

Geography/SG/P1 20 DBE/2012 SCE 6.2 PHYSICAL BACKGROUND Refer to FIGURE 6.2 in the ANNEXURE and answer the questions that follow. Identify each of the following shown on FIGURE 6.2: 6.2.1 Province A (1 x 2) 6.2.2 City B (1 x 2) 6.2.3 Harbour C (1 x 2) 6.2.4 Neighbouring country E (1x 2) 6.2.5 Mountain range G (1 x 2) 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Refer to FIGURE 6.3 in the ANNEXURE showing areas of southern Africa threatened by desertification as well as some causes of desertification. 6.3.1 Define the term desertification. (1 x 2) 6.3.2 Give ONE cause of desertification. (1 x 2) 6.3.3 Is desertification more prominent in the eastern or in the western half of the country? (1 x 2) 6.3.4 Name any ONE climatic condition that makes the area that you have selected in QUESTION 6.3.3 more prone to desertification. (1x 2) 6.3.5 Name ONE method that can be introduced to slow down the process of desertification. (1 x 2) 6.4 MINING Mining is one of the most important pillars supporting the economy of South Africa. Answer the following questions with reference to this statement: 6.4.1 (a) To which economic sector does mining belong? (1x 2) (b) | Give areason for your answer to QUESTION 6.4. 1(a). (1 x 2) 6.4.2 Discuss TWO factors that favoured the development of mining in South Africa. (2 x 2) 6.4.3 Discuss TWO factors that restrict (hinder) the development of mining activities in South Africa. (2 x 2) 6.4.4 Discuss the importance of mining activities in the economic development of South Africa. (2 x 2) Comramesored IE HA Pas tum ov (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (4) (4) (4)

Geography/SG/P1 21 DBE/2012 6.5 6.6 6.7 eet wsret IU Pes um ov SCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Industrial growth played a major role in South Africa's economic development during the second half of the 20" century. Industrial activities are concentrated in the PWV industrial region that houses almost half of all South Africa's industries. 6.5.1 Why are industrial activities classified as secondary activities? (1x 2) 6.5.2 Write out the abbreviation PWV in full. (1 x 3) 6.5.3 Discuss TWO factors that favoured industrial development in the PWV region. (2 x 2) 6.5.4 Discuss TWO factors that restrict (hinder) industrial development in the PWV region. (2 x 2) 6.5.5 Name TWO heavy industries that one will find in the PWV industrial region. (2 x 2) WATER TRANSFER Industrial development resulted in a shortage of fresh water in Gauteng. In order to overcome this water shortage, two major water transfer schemes were developed to provide Gauteng with fresh water. One of these water transfer schemes is illustrated in FIGURE 6.6. An added advantage of this water transfer scheme is that electricity is generated at the Drakensberg pump station and fed into the national grid at peak hours. 6.6.1 Identify the water transfer scheme illustrated in FIGURE 6.6. (1 x 2) 6.6.2 Give ONE reason why fresh water had to be brought into Gauteng, other than for industrial activities. (1 x 2) 6.6.3 What type of electricity is generated at the Drakensberg pump station? (1 x 2) INTERNATIONAL TRADE South Africa's dependence on foreign trade has increased significantly in the last decade. With the exception of gold exports, South Africa tends to import more than it exports. The standard of living in South Africa has risen to such an extent that there is an increasing demand for luxury goods. 6.7.1 Define the term foreign trade. (1 x 2) (2) (3) (4) (4) (4) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Geography/SG/P1 22 DBE/2012 SCE 6.7.2 Explain how a high demand for imported goods can negatively affect the economy of South Africa. (1 x 2) (2) 6.7.3 Suggest ONE way in which South Africa can reduce its dependence on imported goods. (1 x 2) (2) [75] TOTAL SECTION C: 75 GRAND TOTAL: 225 conyiorecoves ANH