Economics Grade 10 P1 November Mock Exam 2 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 ECONOMICS P1 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 2 hours This question paper consists of 12 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer FOUR questions as follows in the ANSWER BOOK: SECTION A: COMPULSORY SECTION B: Answer TWO of the three questions. SECTION C: Answer ONE of the two questions. 2. Answer only the required number of questions. Answers in excess of the required number will NOT be marked. 3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. Write the question number above each answer. 5. Read the questions carefully. 6. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 7. Leave 2–3 lines between subsections of questions. 8. Answer the questions in full sentences and ensure that the format, content and context of your responses comply with the cognitive requirements of the questions. 9. Use only black or blue ink. 10. You may use a non-programmable pocket calculator. 11. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A (COMPULSORY) QUESTION 1 30 MARKS – 20 MINUTES 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 D. 1.1.1 A statement about the economy that can be tested against facts to see whether it is true or false is a … statement. A normative B positive C subjective D political 1.1.2 Goods such as bread, petrol and electricity, which are used up immediately or after a single use, are … consumer goods. A durable B semi-durable C capital D non-durable 1.1.3 When GDP is calculated by adding up C + I + G + (X − M), the … method is used. A production B income C expenditure D value-added 1.1.4 The line that shows the general (long-term) direction in which the economy is moving through successive business cycles is the … A amplitude. B trend line. C length. D trough. 1.1.5 The participant that is found ONLY in an open economy is the … A household sector. B business sector. C public sector. D foreign sector. 1.1.6 The number of babies who die before their first birthday per 1 000 live births in a year is the … A infant mortality rate. B birth rate. C life expectancy. D population growth rate. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.1.7 The period from about 1750 in which machines and factories replaced manual production in Britain is known as the … A Agricultural Revolution. B Industrial Revolution. C Renaissance. D Information Age. 1.1.8 The reward (remuneration) that an entrepreneur receives for organising the other factors of production is … A rent. B wages. C interest. D profit. (8 x 2) (16) 1.2 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the item in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–I) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.9 J. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 Normative statement A people who flee their own country because of war, violence or persecution 1.2.2 Exports B farming on a large scale with the aim of selling the produce at a profit 1.2.3 Upswing C a statement that is based on an opinion or value judgement and cannot be tested 1.2.4 Life expectancy D registered businesses that pay taxes and are regulated by labour laws 1.2.5 Refugees E the phase of the business cycle in which economic activity increases 1.2.6 Subsistence farming F goods and services produced in the country and sold to buyers in other countries 1.2.7 Formal sector G the average number of years that a newborn baby is expected to live 1.2.8 Commercial farming H producing only enough food for the needs of the farmer’s own family I the lowest point of economic activity in a business cycle (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Give ONE term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.6) in the ANSWER BOOK. Abbreviations, acronyms and examples will NOT be accepted. 1.3.1 The value of the goods and services produced in a country, measured at the prices of a base year so that the effect of inflation is removed 1.3.2 Natural resources, such as coal and oil, that cannot be replaced once they have been used 1.3.3 Payments made by the government to households for which nothing is received in return, e.g. old-age grants 1.3.4 Indicators that change before the economy as a whole changes and are used to forecast business cycles 1.3.5 Unplanned housing built by people on land that they do not own, often on the edges of cities 1.3.6 Associations of craftsmen and merchants in medieval towns that controlled the quality, prices and training in a trade (6 x 1) (6) TOTAL SECTION A: 30 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B Answer any TWO of the three questions from this section in the ANSWER BOOK. QUESTION 2: MACROECONOMICS 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 2.1 Answer the following questions. 2.1.1 Name any TWO subjects (fields of study) that are related to Economics. (2 x 1) (2) 2.1.2 Why do economists make use of economic models? (1 x 2) (2) 2.2 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. MONEY FLOWS IN THE ECONOMY OF COUNTRY M GOVERNMENT taxes taxes grants govt spending consumption spending HOUSEHOLDS FIRMS factor income (rent, wages, interest, profit) A B FOREIGN SECTOR [Examiner’s own – simplified illustration] 2.2.1 Identify the participant in the diagram above that is NOT part of a closed economy. (1) 2.2.2 Name the flow labelled B in the diagram above. (1) 2.2.3 Briefly describe the term injection. (2) 2.2.4 Explain why spending on imports is regarded as a leakage from the circular flow. (2) 2.2.5 How does South Africa benefit from trading with other countries? (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3 Study the table below and answer the questions that follow. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF COUNTRY T, 2025 (R BILLION) Item R billion Primary sector 420 Secondary sector 980 Tertiary sector 2 600 Gross value added at basic prices A Plus: Taxes on products 520 Less: Subsidies on products 20 Gross domestic product at market prices B [Fictitious data compiled by the examiner] 2.3.1 Identify the method used to calculate GDP in the table above. (1) 2.3.2 Name the sector that made the largest contribution to production in Country T. (1) 2.3.3 Briefly describe the term gross domestic product (GDP). (2) 2.3.4 Explain why subsidies on products are subtracted when GDP at market prices is calculated. (2) 2.3.5 Calculate the gross domestic product at market prices (B). Show ALL calculations. (4) 2.4 Distinguish between free goods and economic goods. (2 x 4) (8) 2.5 How does scarcity force households, businesses and the government to make choices? (4 x 2) (8) [40] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 3: ECONOMIC PURSUITS 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 3.1 Answer the following questions. 3.1.1 Name any TWO trade unions or trade union federations in South Africa. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.2 Why does a decrease in the infant mortality rate increase the life expectancy of a population? (1 x 2) (2) 3.2 Study the table below and answer the questions that follow. POPULATION INDICATORS OF COUNTRY N Indicator 1995 2025 Population (million) 38 63 Birth rate (per 1 000 of the population) 33 21 Death rate (per 1 000 of the population) 12 9 Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) 58 27 Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 64 [Fictitious data compiled by the examiner] 3.2.1 Identify the infant mortality rate of Country N in 2025. (1) 3.2.2 Name ONE reason why the death rate of Country N decreased between 1995 and 2025. (1) 3.2.3 Briefly describe the term birth rate. (2) 3.2.4 Explain why the government needs to know the population growth rate of the country. (2) 3.2.5 Calculate the natural population growth rate (as a percentage) of Country N in 2025. Show ALL calculations. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.3 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. SKILLS ON THE MOVE A recent survey by a private recruitment agency found that many South African nurses, doctors, engineers and teachers plan to work abroad within the next five years. The main destinations are the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and countries in the Middle East. The professionals who were interviewed mentioned low salaries, the high crime rate and poor working conditions in South Africa as the main reasons for wanting to leave. Hospitals and municipalities say that it is becoming more difficult and expensive to replace these skilled workers. [Summary compiled by the examiner – fictitious survey] 3.3.1 Identify ONE profession from the extract above in which workers plan to work abroad. (1) 3.3.2 Name the term used for the loss of highly skilled and educated people to other countries. (1) 3.3.3 Briefly describe the term emigration. (2) 3.3.4 Explain ONE push factor that causes skilled workers to leave South Africa. (2) 3.3.5 How does the emigration of skilled workers negatively affect the South African economy? (2 x 2) (4) 3.4 Differentiate between economic growth and economic development. (2 x 4) (8) 3.5 Evaluate the impact of HIV and AIDS on the South African economy. (4 x 2) (8) [40] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 4: MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC PURSUITS 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 4.1 Answer the following questions. 4.1.1 Name any TWO examples of renewable natural resources. (2 x 1) (2) 4.1.2 Why is the gross domestic product (GDP) of South Africa usually higher than its gross national income (GNI)? (1 x 2) (2) 4.2 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. A TYPICAL BUSINESS CYCLE Real GDP Y T X P Q Time [Examiner’s own – simplified illustration] 4.2.1 Identify the phase of the business cycle labelled X. (1) 4.2.2 Name the turning point labelled P in the diagram above. (1) 4.2.3 Briefly describe the term length of a business cycle. (2) 4.2.4 Explain why the stock (inventories) of firms usually increases when the economy moves into the phase labelled X. (2) 4.2.5 Describe the characteristics of the upswing phase labelled Y. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 4.3 Study the table below and answer the questions that follow. URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF COUNTRY P (MILLION) Year Urban population Rural population Total population 2005 26,0 21,0 47,0 2015 33,6 20,4 54,0 2025 42,0 18,0 60,0 [Fictitious data compiled by the examiner] 4.3.1 Identify the trend in the rural population of Country P between 2005 and 2025. (1) 4.3.2 Name ONE economic sector that provides most of the jobs in cities. (1) 4.3.3 Briefly describe the term rural-urban migration. (2) 4.3.4 Explain why the level of urbanisation of Country P is likely to keep rising after 2025. (2) 4.3.5 Calculate the level of urbanisation (the percentage of the population that lives in urban areas) of Country P in 2025. Show ALL calculations. (4) 4.4 Distinguish between a barter economy and a money economy. (2 x 4) (8) 4.5 How can the government reduce the damage that production causes to the environment? (4 x 2) (8) [40] TOTAL SECTION B: 80 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P1 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION C Answer any ONE of the two questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK. Your answer will be assessed as follows: STRUCTURE OF ESSAY MARK ALLOCATION Introduction Max. 2 The introduction is a lower-order response. • A good starting point will be to define the main concept related to the question topic. • DO NOT include any part of the question in your introduction. • DO NOT repeat any part of the introduction in the body. • Avoid mentioning in the introduction what you are going to discuss in the body. Body Max. 26 Main part: Discuss in detail/Discuss in detail with the aid of graphs/In-depth discussion/ Examine/Critically discuss/Analyse/Compare/Evaluate/Distinguish/ Differentiate/Explain/Assess/Debate A maximum of 8 marks may be allocated for headings/examples. Additional part: Critically discuss/Evaluate/Critically evaluate/Deduce/ Max. 10 Compare/Distinguish/Suggest/Interpret/Debate/How A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts. Conclusion Max. 2 Any higher-order conclusion should include: • A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts already mentioned • Any opinion or value judgement on the facts discussed • Additional support information to strengthen the discussion/analysis • A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required • Recommendations TOTAL 40 QUESTION 5: MACROECONOMICS 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES • Discuss in detail the effects of business cycles on the following participants in the economy: households; businesses (firms); the government. (26 marks) • Evaluate the view that business cycles are caused mainly by factors outside the market system (exogenous factors). (10 marks) [40] QUESTION 6: ECONOMIC PURSUITS 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES • Discuss in detail the South African labour force under the following headings: composition (age, gender and skills); employment and unemployment; geographic distribution. (26 marks) • Evaluate the effects of immigration on the South African labour market. (10 marks) [40] TOTAL SECTION C: 40 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved