Economics Grade 10 P2 November Mock 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 ECONOMICS P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 2 hours This question paper consists of 12 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer FOUR questions as follows in the ANSWER BOOK: SECTION A: COMPULSORY SECTION B: Answer TWO of the three questions. SECTION C: Answer ONE of the two questions. 2. Answer only the required number of questions. Answers in excess of the required number will NOT be marked. 3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. Write the question number above each answer. 5. Read the questions carefully. 6. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 7. Leave 2–3 lines between subsections of questions. 8. Answer the questions in full sentences and ensure that the format, content and context of your responses comply with the cognitive requirements of the questions. 9. Use only black or blue ink. 10. You may use a non-programmable pocket calculator. 11. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A (COMPULSORY) QUESTION 1 30 MARKS – 20 MINUTES 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 D. 1.1.1 A market in which buyers and sellers from different countries trade with one another is a … market. A local B national C world (global) D factor 1.1.2 An increase in the price of a good, ceteris paribus, will lead to … A an increase in the quantity demanded. B a decrease in the quantity demanded. C an increase in demand. D a decrease in demand. 1.1.3 A point inside the production possibility curve (PPC) indicates that … A resources are used efficiently. B production is unattainable. C resources are underutilised (unemployed). D economic growth has taken place. 1.1.4 Cars and petrol, which are used together, are examples of … goods. A substitute B complementary C inferior D free 1.1.5 A market in which there is only one seller of a product that has no close substitutes is a … A perfect market. B monopoly. C oligopoly. D monopolistic competition. 1.1.6 A maximum price that the government sets below the equilibrium price will lead to a … A surplus. B shortage. C new equilibrium. D decrease in demand. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.1.7 Unemployment that occurs because the skills of workers do not match the skills that employers need is called … unemployment. A seasonal B cyclical C frictional D structural 1.1.8 The body that helps to resolve disputes between employers and employees through conciliation, mediation and arbitration is the … A Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration. B National Economic Development and Labour Council. C Unemployment Insurance Fund. D Sector Education and Training Authority. (8 x 2) (16) 1.2 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the item in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–I) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.9 J. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 Demand A a temporary refusal by workers to work in order to put pressure on an employer 1.2.2 Equilibrium price B the price at which the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied 1.2.3 Substitute goods C short-term unemployment that occurs when workers move from one job to another 1.2.4 Minimum price D goods that can be used in place of one another, e.g. butter and margarine 1.2.5 Trade union E an organisation of workers that protects and promotes the interests of its members 1.2.6 Strike F a price that the government sets above the equilibrium price 1.2.7 Affirmative action G the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price during a period 1.2.8 Frictional H measures that give previously unemployment disadvantaged groups equal opportunities in the workplace I a market in which a few large firms sell similar products (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Give ONE term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.6) in the ANSWER BOOK. Abbreviations, acronyms and examples will NOT be accepted. 1.3.1 A good of which the demand increases when the income of consumers increases 1.3.2 A payment by the government to producers to lower their cost of production 1.3.3 Action by an employer to keep workers out of the workplace in order to force them to accept the employer’s conditions 1.3.4 People of working age who want to work but have stopped looking for work 1.3.5 The return of land, or compensation, to people who lost their land through racially discriminatory laws after 1913 1.3.6 A market with many buyers and sellers of an identical product, in which no single participant can influence the price (6 x 1) (6) TOTAL SECTION A: 30 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B Answer any TWO of the three questions from this section in the ANSWER BOOK. QUESTION 2: MICROECONOMICS 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 2.1 Answer the following questions. 2.1.1 Name any TWO types of markets according to what is traded in them. (2 x 1) (2) 2.1.2 Why does the supply curve of a product slope upwards from left to right? (1 x 2) (2) 2.2 Study the table below and answer the questions that follow. DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TOMATOES AT A FRESH PRODUCE MARKET Price per box Quantity demanded Quantity supplied (R) (boxes) (boxes) 20 900 300 30 750 450 40 600 600 50 450 750 60 300 900 [Fictitious data compiled by the examiner] 2.2.1 Identify the equilibrium price of tomatoes in the table above. (1) 2.2.2 What market situation exists at a price of R60 per box? (1) 2.2.3 Briefly describe the term market equilibrium. (2) 2.2.4 Explain what will happen to the price of tomatoes when there is a shortage in the market. (2) 2.2.5 Calculate the shortage of tomatoes at a price of R20 per box. Show ALL calculations. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3 Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow. PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE OF COUNTRY P Maize (’000 tons) A 100 B G 80 C 60 F D 40 PPC 20 E 0 20 40 60 80 Bicycles (’000 units) [Fictitious data compiled by the examiner] 2.3.1 Identify the point on the graph above that is unattainable with the current resources. (1) 2.3.2 Name the point that shows that resources are underutilised. (1) 2.3.3 Briefly describe the term production possibility curve. (2) 2.3.4 Explain why the production possibility curve is concave (bowed outwards). (2) 2.3.5 Calculate the opportunity cost of producing 20 000 more bicycles when production moves from point C to point D. Show ALL calculations. (4) 2.4 Distinguish between a change in quantity demanded and a change in demand. (2 x 4) (8) 2.5 How do government subsidies on basic foodstuffs benefit consumers and producers? (4 x 2) (8) [40] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 3: CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 3.1 Answer the following questions. 3.1.1 Name any TWO types of unemployment. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.2 Why do trade unions take part in collective bargaining? (1 x 2) (2) 3.2 Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY AGE GROUP IN COUNTRY R (%) 61 60 Unemployment rate (%) 40 40 27 19 20 11 0 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 Age group (years) [Fictitious data compiled by the examiner] 3.2.1 Identify the age group with the highest unemployment rate in the graph above. (1) 3.2.2 Name the organisation that publishes the official unemployment statistics in South Africa. (1) 3.2.3 Briefly describe the term unemployment rate. (2) 3.2.4 Explain why young people find it more difficult to find jobs than older people. (2) 3.2.5 How can the government reduce youth unemployment? (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.3 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. BUS DRIVERS’ STRIKE ENDS AFTER THREE WEEKS Bus drivers in a large metropolitan city returned to work on Monday after a three-week strike. Their trade union had demanded a wage increase of 12%, while the employers offered only 5,5%. Conciliation at the CCMA failed, after which the workers embarked on a protected strike. Thousands of commuters had to find other, more expensive transport to get to work and school. The parties finally agreed on a wage increase of 7% for the year. [Examiner’s own – fictitious report for assessment purposes] 3.3.1 Identify the wage increase demanded by the trade union. (1) 3.3.2 Name the Act that regulates strikes and collective bargaining in South Africa. (1) 3.3.3 Briefly describe the term collective bargaining. (2) 3.3.4 Explain how the strike negatively affected commuters. (2) 3.3.5 A bus driver earned R18 000 per month before the agreement. Calculate the driver’s new monthly wage after the 7% increase. Show ALL calculations. (4) 3.4 Briefly discuss the Basic Conditions of Employment Act and the Employment Equity Act. (2 x 4) (8) 3.5 How can land reform help to reduce poverty in South Africa? (4 x 2) (8) [40] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 4: MICROECONOMICS AND CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 4.1 Answer the following questions. 4.1.1 Name any TWO characteristics of a perfect market. (2 x 1) (2) 4.1.2 Why may a minimum wage that is set above the equilibrium wage lead to unemployment? (1 x 2) (2) 4.2 Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow. THE MARKET FOR BREAD Price (R) S e 20 Maximum price 15 D 0 200 400 500 600 800 Quantity (loaves per day) [Fictitious data compiled by the examiner] 4.2.1 Identify the equilibrium price of bread in the graph above. (1) 4.2.2 Name ONE reason why the government sets maximum prices. (1) 4.2.3 Briefly describe the term maximum price (price ceiling). (2) 4.2.4 Explain why a black market may develop when a maximum price is set. (2) 4.2.5 How can the government deal with the shortage that results from a maximum price? (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 4.3 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. GRANTS KEEP FAMILIES AFLOAT Every month millions of South Africans queue at pay points and shops to collect their social grants. For many poor households the child support grant and the old-age grant are the only regular source of income. Economists warn that social grants reduce hunger but cannot remove poverty on their own. They argue that more jobs, better education and support for small businesses are needed so that households can earn their own income. [Summary compiled by the examiner] 4.3.1 Identify ONE social grant mentioned in the extract above. (1) 4.3.2 Name ONE cause of poverty in South Africa. (1) 4.3.3 Briefly describe the term absolute poverty. (2) 4.3.4 Explain why social grants alone cannot remove poverty. (2) 4.3.5 How can the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) help to reduce poverty? (2 x 2) (4) 4.4 Briefly discuss a monopoly and an oligopoly as types of imperfect markets. (2 x 4) (8) 4.5 How can small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) help to reduce unemployment in South Africa? (4 x 2) (8) [40] TOTAL SECTION B: 80 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Economics/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION C Answer any ONE of the two questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK. Your answer will be assessed as follows: STRUCTURE OF ESSAY MARK ALLOCATION Introduction Max. 2 The introduction is a lower-order response. • A good starting point will be to define the main concept related to the question topic. • DO NOT include any part of the question in your introduction. • DO NOT repeat any part of the introduction in the body. • Avoid mentioning in the introduction what you are going to discuss in the body. Body Max. 26 Main part: Discuss in detail/Discuss in detail with the aid of graphs/In-depth discussion/ Examine/Critically discuss/Analyse/Compare/Evaluate/Distinguish/ Differentiate/Explain/Assess/Debate A maximum of 8 marks may be allocated for headings/examples. Additional part: Critically discuss/Evaluate/Critically evaluate/Deduce/ Max. 10 Compare/Distinguish/Suggest/Interpret/Debate/How A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts. Conclusion Max. 2 Any higher-order conclusion should include: • A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts already mentioned • Any opinion or value judgement on the facts discussed • Additional support information to strengthen the discussion/analysis • A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required • Recommendations TOTAL 40 QUESTION 5: MICROECONOMICS 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES • Discuss in detail the factors (determinants) that influence the demand for and the supply of a product. (26 marks) • With the aid of a correctly labelled graph, explain the effect of an increase in demand on the equilibrium price and quantity of a product. (10 marks) [40] QUESTION 6: CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES • Discuss in detail the functions of trade unions and the institutions that help to resolve labour disputes in South Africa. (26 marks) • How do strikes affect the South African economy? (10 marks) [40] TOTAL SECTION C: 40 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved