Information Technology Grade 11 P2 2026 Memo (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 16 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B–3✓ (47 MOD 10 = 7; 7 DIV 2 = 3) (1) 1.1.2 A – Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) ✓ (1) 1.1.3 D – a register ✓ (1) 1.1.4 A – ZIP ✓ (1) 1.1.5 C – The content changes according to the input of the user ✓ (1) 1.1.6 C – Repeater ✓ (1) 1.1.7 D – Reset ✓ (1) 1.1.8 B – Trojan horse ✓ (1) 1.1.9 C – Interpreter ✓ (1) 1.1.10 A – telecommuting ✓ (1) 1.2 1.2.1 (Data) redundancy ✓ (1) 1.2.2 NFC / Near-field communication ✓ (1) 1.2.3 Clock speed / clock rate ✓ (1) 1.2.4 Open-source software / open source ✓ (1) 1.2.5 GIGO / Garbage in, garbage out ✓ (1) TOTAL SECTION A: 15 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B: SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION 2 2.1.1 • Each core is a separate processing unit, so different programs/processes/threads can be executed at the same time (simultaneously/in parallel) ✓ • so more work is done in the same time / the computer stays responsive when many programs run (multiprocessing) ✓ (2) 2.1.2 • The cache stores recently/frequently used instructions and data close to the CPU ✓ • so that the CPU does not have to wait for the slower RAM – it reduces the bottleneck between the fast CPU and slower RAM / speeds up processing ✓ (2) 2.1.3 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Disk caching (part of RAM used to store data read from the disk) • Cache/buffer on the hard drive/SSD itself • Web caching (browser stores copies of web pages/images) • Network/communication caching (proxy server) • Graphics card/GPU cache • DNS cache Do not award two marks for the same idea. (2) 2.1.4 A 32-bit operating system can only address/use a maximum of about 4 GB of RAM; a 64-bit OS can address much more memory, so all 16 GB can be used ✓ (1) 2.1.5 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • No moving parts – more resistant to shock/damage when the laptop is moved or bumped • Faster access/boot/load times • Uses less power – longer battery life • Lighter/smaller and silent; produces less heat (2) 2.2 • Fetch: the next instruction (and data) is fetched from RAM ✓ • Decode: the control unit interprets the instruction to determine what must be done ✓ • Execute: the instruction is carried out (e.g. by the ALU) ✓ • Store: the result is written to a register or to memory (RAM) ✓ Name and description must both be correct for a mark. Steps in the wrong order: max 3. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.1 Software/instructions that are permanently stored on a ROM (flash) chip of a device and that control the basic operation of the hardware ✓ (1) 2.3.2 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • To fix bugs/errors • To fix security vulnerabilities • To support new hardware (e.g. new CPUs, larger drives) or a new operating system • To add new features / improve performance or stability (2) 2.3.3 If the flashing process is interrupted, the firmware will be incomplete/corrupt and the server may not start up at all (the device is ’bricked’) ✓ (1) 2.3.4 Power-on self-test: a start-up test that checks that all essential hardware (CPU, RAM, video, keyboard, drives) is present and working ✓ (1) 2.4.1 • The OS reserves part of the secondary storage (hard drive/SSD) to act as an extension of RAM (page/swap file) ✓ • Data/programs in RAM that are not being used at the moment are moved (swapped) to the storage and brought back into RAM when they are needed ✓ (2) 2.4.2 Secondary storage is much slower than RAM, and the computer spends a lot of time swapping data between RAM and storage (thrashing) ✓ (1) 2.5 • Multithreading: ONE program (process) is split into smaller parts called threads that run concurrently ✓ • The downloading of orders and the capturing of parcel details are two threads of the same dispatch program running at the same time ✓ (2) 2.6 (a) CPU socket / ZIF / LGA / PGA socket ✓ (b) Expansion slot / PCIe (PCI Express) x16 slot ✓ Accept PCIe (PCI Express) x16, AGP or PCI slot for (b), since the computer is old. Accept CPU socket, ZIF, LGA or PGA for (a). (2) TOTAL SECTION B: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION C: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION 3 3.1.1 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Share hardware/resources, e.g. printers and the internet connection • Share files/data from a central place • Communication between users (e-mail, messaging) • Centralised backups and security / user management • Software can be installed/updated centrally; site licences are cheaper (2) 3.1.2 • Peer-to-peer: all computers have equal status and share their own resources with one another; there is no dedicated server ✓ • Client-server: a dedicated server provides/manages resources and services (files, security, printing) and the client computers request and use them ✓ (2) 3.1.3 Any ONE of: ✓ • If the central switch fails, the whole network goes down • More cable is needed than in a bus topology – more expensive (1) 3.1.4 • Switch: connects the devices on the same local network (LAN) and sends data only to the device with the correct (MAC) address ✓ • Router: connects different networks, e.g. the LAN to the internet, and determines the best path/route for data packets between the networks ✓ (2) 3.2.1 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Higher bandwidth/speed • More reliable/stable connection; not affected by signal strength or interference • Uncapped/cheaper per GB of data • Lower latency – better for VoIP/video calls (2) 3.2.2 LTE is a wireless/mobile connection that is available wherever there is cellphone coverage, so drivers stay connected while they move around ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.3 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Switch off the hotspot/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/GPS when they are not needed • Reduce the screen brightness / shorten the screen time-out • Close apps running in the background / limit background data and push notifications • Use battery-saver/power-saving mode • Enable flight mode / disable mobile data when coverage is poor (the phone keeps searching for a signal) Do not accept ’use a car charger/power bank’ – it recharges the battery, it does not make it last longer. (2) 3.3 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Call quality depends on the internet connection / poor quality or dropped calls when the connection is slow • Does not work when there is no internet connection or power (load shedding) • Uses data – can be expensive on capped connections • Emergency calls may not be supported / location of the caller is not known • Security risks – calls can be intercepted/hacked (2) 3.4.1 Any ONE of: ✓ • Smaller files are sent/uploaded faster • Use less data/bandwidth – cheaper • Some e-mail services limit the size of attachments • Several files can be combined into one archive (1) 3.4.2 • Lossy compression permanently removes some data (detail) to reduce the file size; the original cannot be restored exactly ✓ • Lossless compression reduces the file size without losing any data; the original file can be restored exactly ✓ (2) 3.4.3 (a) Lossy – a small loss of image quality is acceptable/not noticeable and the photo files become much smaller (e.g. JPEG) ✓ (b) Lossless – no data may be lost/changed in a spreadsheet; every value must stay exactly the same (e.g. ZIP) ✓ Mark only if the type AND the reason are correct. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.5.1 • Static website: the content is fixed and the same for every visitor; it changes only when the developer edits the pages ✓ • Dynamic website: the content is generated when the page is requested, e.g. from a database, and can change according to the user’s input/preferences ✓ (2) 3.5.2 The page must look up the tracking number in the database and display the current, different status for each parcel/customer ✓ (1) 3.6.1 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Faster and easier to use – interface designed for the small screen • Can send push notifications (e.g. when the parcel is out for delivery) • Can use features of the phone, e.g. GPS/maps and camera • Uses less data – only the data is downloaded, not the whole web page • Can remember the user’s login/details; some functions work offline (2) 3.6.2 Secure – the data sent between the browser and the web server is encrypted (using SSL/TLS) ✓ (1) TOTAL SECTION C: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION D: DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT QUESTION 4 4.1.1 • Centralised database: all the data is stored in ONE location (on one server) and all users access it there ✓ • Distributed database: the data is spread over/stored on several servers at different locations (e.g. one per office), but it is managed as one database ✓ (2) 4.1.2 Advantage (any ONE): each office has fast local access to its data / the database keeps working at other offices if one server or link fails / the load is spread over several servers / it can grow as new offices open ✓ Disadvantage (any ONE): more complex and expensive to set up and manage / data must be synchronised between the sites / more difficult to keep secure (more points of attack) / needs reliable network links between the offices ✓ (2) 4.1.3 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Create and modify the structure of the database (tables, fields) • Add, edit and delete data • Search/query the data and generate reports • Control security and user access rights • Validate data / enforce referential integrity • Allow many users to access the data at the same time • Back up and restore data (2) 4.2.1 (a) WeightKg: Real / Number (double/decimal) ✓ (b) Delivered: Boolean / Yes/No ✓ (2) 4.2.2 Any ONE of: ✓ The name and cellphone number of L. Ngcobo appear more than once / the details of S. Mthembu (or T. Zulu) appear in more than one record (1) 4.2.3 Any TWO of the following (name ✓ + explanation with example ✓): • Update anomaly: if a customer/driver changes a cellphone number, it must be changed in every record, e.g. S. Mthembu’s number in P1001 and P1002; if one record is missed the data becomes inconsistent • Delete anomaly: deleting a record removes other data that is still needed, e.g. deleting parcel P1004 removes the only record of customer A. Botha and his cellphone number • Insert anomaly: a new driver or customer cannot be added until he/she has a parcel (ParcelID is required) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.2.4 tblCustomers tblParcels tblDrivers CustomerID (PK) 1 ∞ ParcelID (PK) ∞ 1 DriverID (PK) CustName CustomerID (FK) DriverName CustCell DriverID (FK) DriverCell Destination WeightKg Delivered • Fields allocated correctly: customer fields in tblCustomers, driver fields in tblDrivers, parcel fields in tblParcels ✓ • Primary keys: CustomerID (or similar), DriverID (or similar) and ParcelID indicated ✓ • CustomerID and DriverID added to tblParcels as foreign keys ✓ • tblCustomers to tblParcels: one-to-many (1:∞) ✓ • tblDrivers to tblParcels: one-to-many (1:∞) ✓ Accept any suitable names for the new key fields and crow’s-foot notation. Do not accept CustCell/CustName as a primary key. (5) 4.3.1 Range check ✓ The weight entered is compared with an allowed lower and upper limit, e.g. more than 0 and at most 30 kg; values outside the range (such as 250) are rejected ✓ (2) 4.3.2 Validation only checks that data is reasonable/follows the rules; data that is wrong but valid will be accepted, e.g. 5.2 kg entered instead of 2.5 kg (verification is needed) ✓ (1) 4.4 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Design/create the database structure (tables, fields, relationships) according to the requirements • Write the code/queries (e.g. SQL) and programs/forms that access the database • Build in validation and security features; test and debug the programs • Update/maintain the database programs when requirements change; write documentation (2) 4.5 (a) Accurate: the data is correct and free of errors, e.g. the correct addresses/destinations and weights are captured – wrong data could send drivers to the wrong places ✓ (b) Relevant: the data is applicable to/needed for the purpose, e.g. only the destinations, weights and delivery status needed to plan the routes are included in the report ✓ (2) TOTAL SECTION D: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION E: SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT QUESTION 5 5.1.1 4✓ (1) 5.1.2 ’2026’ ✓ (1) 5.1.3 458 ✓ (1) 5.1.4 ’PMBX-2026-KZN-0457’ ✓ (1) 5.2.1 It links/associates the file variable tFile with the physical file Deliveries.txt on the storage device ✓ (1) 5.2.2 The number of lines in the file is not known beforehand; the WHILE loop repeats until the end of the file is reached ✓ (1) 5.2.3 Any ONE of: ✓ A runtime error occurs / the program crashes because a file that does not exist cannot be opened for reading / use IF NOT FileExists('Deliveries.txt') THEN display a message and exit before Reset is executed (1) 5.2.4 Delimiter / separator ✓ (1) 5.3 (a) Syntax error ✓ (b) Runtime error ✓ (c) Logical error ✓ (3) 5.4 • A local variable is declared inside a procedure/function/event handler and can only be used in that procedure; it exists only while the procedure runs ✓ • A global variable is declared outside all procedures (e.g. in the var section of the unit/form) and can be used by all the procedures in the unit; it keeps its value while the program runs ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 5.5.1 iWeight > 0 iUnits iUnits <= 2 iFee iWeight 0 40 9 True 1 True 50 7 True 2 True 60 5 True 3 False 75 3 True 4 False 90 1 True 5 False 105 −1 False • Column iWeight > 0: True (5 times), then False ✓ • Column iUnits: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ✓ • Column iUnits <= 2: True, True, False, False, False ✓ • Column iFee: 50, 60, 75, 90, 105 ✓ • Column iWeight: 7, 5, 3, 1, −1 ✓ CA: apply consequential marking if one value is wrong and the following values are calculated correctly from it. (5) 5.5.2 R105 ✓ (1) 5.6.1 • The index is the position number of a value in the array, e.g. 3 in arrParcels[3] ✓ • The element is the value that is stored at that position, e.g. the number of parcels delivered by the third driver ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 5.6.2 iCount := 0; redOut.Clear; for i := 1 to 6 do if arrParcels[i] > 150 then begin redOut.Lines.Add(arrDrivers[i]); Inc(iCount); end; redOut.Lines.Add('Number of drivers: ' + IntToStr(iCount)); • Initialise the counter to 0 (before the loop) ✓ • Loop from 1 to 6 ✓ • IF arrParcels[i] > 150: display arrDrivers[i] (the same index) in redOut and increment the counter ✓ • Display the counter after the loop, converted with IntToStr ✓ Accept Length(arrDrivers) or High(arrDrivers) as the end value of the loop. Do not award the last mark if the count is displayed inside the loop. (4) TOTAL SECTION E: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION F: INTEGRATED SCENARIO QUESTION 6 6.1.1 Ransomware ✓ (1) 6.1.2 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Install up-to-date antivirus/anti-malware software that scans downloads • Do not allow users to install software / give users restricted (standard) accounts • Train employees not to download software from unknown/untrusted websites; use an AUP • Use a firewall / web filter that blocks dangerous sites • Keep the OS and software updated (security patches) Do not accept backups as prevention – they only reduce the damage after the attack. (2) 6.1.3 Social engineering / vishing (voice phishing) / pretexting ✓ ONE way (any ONE): never give a password to anyone, also not over the phone / verify the caller’s identity by calling the IT company back on its official number / report the call to the manager or network administrator / follow the company’s security policy ✓ (2) 6.2.1 It sets out the rules for what users may and may not do on the company’s computers/network/internet and the consequences of breaking the rules ✓ (1) 6.2.2 Any THREE of: ✓✓✓ • Which websites/content may not be accessed (e.g. gambling, adult sites) • No installing/downloading of software without permission; no pirated software • Password rules – users may not share passwords or use other users’ accounts • Use of e-mail and social media (no offensive messages, no spam, protect company data) • Use of personal devices/flash drives on the network • Data limits / private use of the internet • Respect for privacy and copyright • Consequences/penalties if the AUP is not followed (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.2.3 • Policies: rules/guidelines that state what users may and may not do (written rules, e.g. in the AUP), which depend on the users following them ✓ • Restrictions: settings in the software/hardware that technically prevent/limit users from doing certain things, e.g. blocking websites or preventing installation of software ✓ (2) 6.2.4 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic • Blocks unauthorised access/connections from the internet to the network • Blocks certain programs/ports/websites from accessing the internet • Prevents some malware/hackers from communicating with or entering the network (2) 6.3.1 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Accidentally deleting files • Overwriting a file with an older version / saving over the original • Formatting the wrong drive • Not saving work / not making backups • Losing or damaging a storage device or laptop (spilling liquid) • Opening infected e-mail attachments (2) 6.3.2 • Backup: a copy of data that is still in use, made regularly so that the data can be restored if the original is lost or damaged ✓ • Archive: data that is no longer used regularly is moved to separate (long-term) storage to be kept for future reference, e.g. old delivery records ✓ (2) 6.3.3 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Provides battery power for a short time when the electricity is cut, so users can save their work and shut down properly • Protects the equipment against power surges/spikes when the power returns • Keeps the network equipment (router/server) running for a while during load shedding • Some UPSs automatically shut down the computer safely (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.4.1 • Mobile office: the employee uses portable devices (laptop, smartphone, mobile internet) to work from anywhere, e.g. while travelling ✓ • Virtual office: the business has no (or very little) physical office space; employees work from different locations and communicate/collaborate online, while services such as a business address/receptionist may be rented ✓ (2) 6.4.2 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Isolation / less social contact with colleagues • Distractions at home; difficult to separate work and private life (work longer hours) • Costs of internet, electricity and equipment at home • Load shedding / poor connectivity at home • Fewer opportunities for promotion/training; less support (2) 6.5.1 Globalisation: the process by which businesses, people and countries across the world become interconnected and interdependent, so that goods, services, information and ideas move easily between countries ✓ Any TWO of: ✓✓ • The internet and fast global communication (e-mail, social media, video calls) • E-commerce / online shopping and online payment systems • Faster and cheaper international transport/courier services • Multinational companies; outsourcing • Mobile technology (3) 6.5.2 Crowdfunding: raising (small amounts of) money from a large number of people, usually through a website or social media, to fund a project ✓ Risk (any ONE): the project may fail or never be completed / the money may be misused or stolen (fraud) / contributors may not receive the promised rewards / no guarantee that the money will be refunded ✓ (2) 6.6 Advantage (any ONE): faster delivery / not affected by traffic / lower labour costs / can reach places that are difficult to get to / less pollution than cars ✓ Disadvantage (any ONE): can only carry small, light parcels / limited range and battery life / affected by weather / risk of crashing or theft / privacy concerns / regulations (licences for drones) / job losses for drivers ✓ (2) 6.7.1 GPS (Global Positioning System) ✓ Also accept: location services using cellphone towers/Wi-Fi. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 16 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.7.2 Geotagging: adding the geographical location (GPS coordinates) to the metadata of a photo ✓ Useful: it proves that the parcel was delivered at the correct address/place (and the time), which helps to resolve disputes with customers ✓ (2) 6.8 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Poor network coverage / no or slow internet infrastructure • High cost of data and devices • Lack of electricity / load shedding • Lack of computer skills / ICT literacy • Fear/mistrust of technology • Language barriers – apps not available in the home language (2) TOTAL SECTION F: 35 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved