Information Technology Grade 11 P2 November Mock 2026 Memo

hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 17 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B – Disk defragmenter ✓ (1) 1.1.2 C – address bus ✓ (1) 1.1.3 D – Star ✓ (1) 1.1.4 B–3✓ (1) 1.1.5 B – primary key ✓ (1) 1.2 1.2.1 B – compiler ✓ (1) 1.2.2 L – UEFI/BIOS ✓ (1) 1.2.3 H – multitasking ✓ (1) 1.2.4 A – protocol ✓ (1) 1.2.5 J – bandwidth ✓ (1) 1.2.6 I – range check ✓ (1) 1.2.7 F – runtime error ✓ (1) 1.2.8 D – spam ✓ (1) 1.2.9 C – freeware ✓ (1) 1.2.10 E – MAC address ✓ (1) TOTAL SECTION A: 15 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B: SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION 2 2.1.1 The clock speed of the CPU: the CPU completes 3.2 billion clock cycles per second ✓ Also accept: the speed at which the CPU executes instructions. (1) 2.1.2 Purpose of RAM • RAM temporarily stores the programs (instructions) and data that are currently being used ✓ • so that the CPU can access them quickly (much faster than from secondary storage) ✓ Also accept: RAM is volatile – its content is lost when the computer is switched off (max 1 mark for this fact). (2) 2.1.3 Factors influencing performance Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Number of cores of the CPU • Amount/size of cache memory • Amount (and speed) of RAM • Type/speed of secondary storage (SSD vs HDD) • Graphics card / GPU • Bus width/speed • Number of programs running at the same time / malware (2) 2.2.1 A – CPU socket / processor ✓ B – RAM slots / DIMM slots / memory slots ✓ C – Expansion slot / PCIe (PCI Express) slot ✓ (3) 2.2.2 Any ONE of: ✓ Hard disk drive (HDD) / SSD (2.5-inch) / optical (DVD) drive (1) 2.2.3 Data bus vs address bus • The data bus carries the actual data/instructions between the CPU, memory and other components (in both directions) ✓ • The address bus carries the address (location) in memory where the data must be read from or written to (from the CPU only) ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3 Multiprocessing vs multithreading • Multiprocessing: the computer uses two or more CPUs/cores to execute different programs/processes simultaneously ✓ • Multithreading: ONE program is split into smaller parts (threads) that can run concurrently ✓ (2) 2.4.1 Software that emulates/simulates a complete physical computer, with its own operating system, running on a physical host computer ✓ (1) 2.4.2 Advantages of virtual machines Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Fewer physical servers needed – saves money on hardware, space and electricity • Better use of the resources (CPU, RAM) of the server • Services are isolated – a problem in one VM does not affect the other • VMs can easily be backed up, copied, restored or moved to other hardware • New servers can be set up quickly (2) 2.5.1 Operating system and drivers • The operating system detects the newly connected device (plug-and-play) ✓ • and loads/installs the correct device driver, which allows the OS to communicate with the flash drive and makes the drive available (e.g. assigns a drive letter) ✓ (2) 2.5.2 Antivirus software / anti-malware software ✓ (1) 2.6 Reasons for updates Any TWO of: ✓✓ • To fix bugs/errors in the software • To close security loopholes/vulnerabilities (security patches) • To add new features / improve performance • To ensure compatibility with new hardware or other software • To update the virus definitions of the antivirus program (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.7 Compiler vs interpreter Any TWO of: ✓✓ • A compiler translates the whole program at once; an interpreter translates and executes the code line by line • A compiler produces an executable file (.exe); an interpreter does not create an executable file • Compiled programs run faster; interpreted programs run more slowly because they are translated each time • A compiler reports all errors after compilation; an interpreter stops at the first error it finds • The source code is not needed to run a compiled program; an interpreted program needs the source code and interpreter every time The two parts of a difference must be given for a mark. (2) 2.8 Reducing electricity use Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Switch off computers, monitors and printers when not in use (not on standby) • Use power-saving settings (sleep/hibernate, screen time-out) • Buy energy-efficient equipment (e.g. Energy Star rated, LED monitors) • Use laptops/thin clients instead of desktop computers • Use solar power (2) TOTAL SECTION B: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION C: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION 3 3.1.1 LAN / local area network ✓ Also accept: WLAN for the wireless part. (1) 3.1.2 Star topology ✓ (1) 3.1.3 Advantages of a star topology Any TWO of: ✓✓ • If one cable/computer fails, the rest of the network still works • Easy to add or remove computers without disrupting the network • Easy to find faults • Good performance – data is sent only to the destination (with a switch); fewer collisions (2) 3.1.4 Function of a switch • The switch reads the destination (MAC) address of each data packet ✓ • and forwards the packet only to the port of the computer with that address (not to all computers) ✓ (2) 3.1.5 Any ONE of: ✓ • Lower bandwidth/speed • Shorter maximum cable length (approximately 100 m) • Affected by electromagnetic interference (EMI)/crosstalk • Less secure – easier to tap (1) 3.1.6 NIC / network interface card / network adapter ✓ (1) 3.2.1 Advantages of wireless Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Users are mobile – can connect anywhere within range • No cables needed – cheaper/easier installation, no cable clutter • Easy to add new devices / learners’ own devices • Devices without network ports (tablets/phones) can connect (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.2 Any ONE of: ✓ • Use a strong password/passphrase with WPA2/WPA3 encryption • MAC address filtering • Hide the SSID / change the default SSID and admin password • Use a captive portal / user login for each user (1) 3.3.1 ISP • A company that provides users/organisations with access to the internet (for a fee) ✓ • ONE other service: e-mail accounts / web hosting / domain registration / cloud storage / VoIP / technical support ✓ (2) 3.3.2 Internet vs WWW • The internet is the worldwide network of interconnected computer networks (the infrastructure) ✓ • The WWW is a service that runs on the internet: a collection of linked web pages/websites that are accessed with a browser (using HTTP/HTTPS) ✓ (2) 3.4.1 CC vs BCC • CC (carbon copy): a copy is sent to the recipient and ALL recipients can see the addresses in the CC field ✓ • BCC (blind carbon copy): a copy is sent, but the addresses in the BCC field are hidden from the other recipients ✓ (2) 3.4.2 Netiquette Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Do not type in capital letters (it is regarded as shouting) • Be polite/respectful – no offensive language or cyberbullying • Use a clear, meaningful subject line • Keep messages short and to the point; check spelling and grammar • Do not forward chain letters/spam or share private information of others • Respect privacy – use BCC for group e-mails (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.5 Intranet • A private network inside an organisation that uses internet technologies (web pages, browsers), accessible only to the staff/authorised users ✓ • ONE example: shared documents/forms, timetables, staff notices, policies, internal e-mail, booking system, shared printers ✓ (2) 3.6.1 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Webcam/camera • Microphone • Speakers / headphones / headset Do NOT accept: computer, internet connection (not hardware devices asked for). Accept router/modem. (2) 3.6.2 Voice over Internet Protocol ✓ Advantage (any ONE): cheaper than normal calls / free calls between users of the same service / calls to anywhere in the world over the internet / can be combined with video, chat and file sharing ✓ (2) TOTAL SECTION C: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION D: DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT QUESTION 4 4.1.1 Data vs information • Data: raw, unprocessed facts (numbers, text, images) without context/meaning ✓ • Information: data that has been processed/organised so that it is meaningful and useful for decision-making ✓ (2) 4.1.2 Advantages of a database Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Data can be searched/found and sorted quickly • Less data redundancy / duplication • Data integrity – validation rules reduce errors • Easy to update/edit records • Reports and queries can be generated quickly • Better security (passwords, access rights) and data can be backed up • Several users can access the data at the same time (2) 4.2.1 (a) ISBN: Text/String ✓ (b) DatePublished: Date/Time ✓ (c) Available: Yes/No / Boolean ✓ (d) Price: Currency ✓ (4) 4.2.2 Any ONE of: ✓ • No calculations are done with an ISBN • A leading zero would be lost if it is stored as a number • ISBNs may contain characters such as hyphens or the letter X (1) 4.2.3 A primary key must be unique for every record, but copies of the same book have the same ISBN (e.g. records 2 and 4) ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.3.1 tblMembers tblLoans tblBooks MemberID (PK) LoanID (PK) BookID (PK) FirstName 1 ∞ MemberID (FK) ∞ 1 ISBN Surname BookID (FK) Title CellNo DateBorrowed Author DateOfBirth DateReturned DatePublished Available Price • Primary keys MemberID, LoanID and BookID indicated ✓ • MemberID added to tblLoans as FK ✓ • BookID added to tblLoans as FK ✓ • tblMembers to tblLoans: one-to-many (1:∞) relationship ✓ • tblBooks to tblLoans: one-to-many (1:∞) relationship ✓ Also accept crow’s-foot notation. The relationship lines must connect the correct tables. (5) 4.3.2 Referential integrity • A rule which ensures that every foreign key value refers to an existing primary key value in the related table ✓ • e.g. a loan cannot be added for a MemberID that does not exist / a member with loans cannot be deleted – no orphan records ✓ (2) 4.4.1 Validation vs verification • Validation: the computer checks that the data entered is reasonable/acceptable/follows the rules (e.g. correct type, range, format) ✓ • Verification: checking that the data entered is accurate/correct, i.e. matches the original source (e.g. double entry, proofreading) ✓ (2) 4.4.2 (a) CellNo: length check (exactly 10 digits) / format check / type check (only digits) / presence check ✓ (b) DateOfBirth: range check (e.g. not a future date / reasonable age) / type check (valid date) / format check ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.5 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Accurate/correct • Complete • Relevant • Up to date / timely • Consistent • Reliable/from a trustworthy source (2) 4.6.1 Software that is used to create, maintain and manage a database and to control access to the data ✓ (1) 4.6.2 Any ONE of: ✓ • Manage user accounts and access rights/security • Make regular backups and restore data when necessary • Monitor and improve the performance of the database • Install updates for the DBMS / maintain data integrity (1) TOTAL SECTION D: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION E: SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT QUESTION 5 5.1.1 23 ✓ (1) 5.1.2 13 ✓ (1) 5.1.3 ’LEARN’ ✓ (1) 5.1.4 ’LEARNING CENTRE’ ✓ (1) 5.2.1 5✓ (3 + 2) (1) 5.2.2 5✓ (7 + (−2)) (1) 5.2.3 False ✓ (1) 5.3.1 Line 4: The result of the / operator is a real number, which cannot be assigned to the integer variable iAverage (type mismatch) ✓ Correction: iAverage := iTotal DIV 10; OR declare a real variable rAverage and assign iTotal / 10 to it ✓ Line 5: An integer cannot be joined (concatenated) to a string ✓ Correction: lblAverage.Caption := 'Average: ' + IntToStr(iAverage); ✓ (4) 5.3.2 Line 2 ✓ The loop stops at 9, so the 10th mark is not added to the total – change it to for i := 1 to 10 do ✓ (2) 5.4.1 i iNum MOD i = 0 iCount sOut 0 ” 1 True 1 ’1 ’ 2 True 2 ’1 2 ’ 3 True 3 ’1 2 3 ’ 4 False 5 False 6 True 4 ’1 2 3 6 ’ • Column i: values 1 to 6 ✓ • Column iNum MOD i = 0: True, True, True, False, False, True ✓ • Column iCount: 1, 2, 3, 4 on the correct rows ✓ • Column sOut: ’1 ’, ’1 2 ’, ’1 2 3 ’ ✓ • Final value of sOut: ’1 2 3 6 ’ ✓ Also accept: iCount and sOut values repeated on the rows where the condition is False. (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 5.4.2 The code determines/builds a list of all the factors (divisors) of iNum and counts how many factors iNum has ✓ (1) 5.5 • Rewrite creates a new (empty) text file; if the file already exists, its contents are deleted/overwritten ✓ • Append opens an existing text file so that new lines are added to the end of the existing contents ✓ (2) 5.6.1 arrTemps: array [1 .. 7] of Real; ✓ (1) 5.6.2 rMin := arrTemps[1]; iDay := 1; for i := 2 to 7 do if arrTemps[i] < rMin then begin rMin := arrTemps[i]; iDay := i; end; ShowMessage('Lowest: ' + FloatToStr(rMin) + ' on day ' + IntToStr(iDay)); • Initialise the minimum to the first element (and the day to 1) ✓ • Loop through the array; if an element is smaller than the minimum, store the element AND its index ✓ • Display the lowest temperature and the day number after the loop ✓ Also accept: initialising the minimum to a very large value (e.g. 100), with the loop from 1 to 7. (3) TOTAL SECTION E: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION F: INTEGRATED SCENARIO QUESTION 6 6.1.1 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Wipe/format the storage drives and reinstall the operating system (remove the company’s data) • Scan for malware / install antivirus software • Install legal/licensed software (check licences) and updates • Check that the hardware (battery, keyboard, screen) works / repair faulty parts • Create standard user accounts with restricted rights / install content filtering • Record the serial numbers/asset tags of the laptops (2) 6.1.2 E-waste: discarded/unwanted electronic devices (computers, phones, batteries) that may contain harmful substances ✓ ONE way: take them to a registered e-waste recycling centre / return them to the manufacturer (take-back programme) / use working parts as spares ✓ (2) 6.2.1 Storing files on remote servers on the internet that are owned and managed by a service provider, and that can be accessed from any device with an internet connection ✓ (1) 6.2.2 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Files can be accessed from anywhere/any device • Files are not lost if a laptop is lost, stolen or damaged (backup) • Easy to share files and collaborate on projects • Free storage space is often available / no need to buy storage devices • Automatic synchronisation of files between devices (2) 6.2.3 Any ONE of: ✓ • An internet connection is needed (data costs) • Privacy/security risks – files are stored on third-party servers / accounts can be hacked • Limited free storage space • The service may be unavailable / the provider may close down (1) 6.3.1 Phishing ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.3.2 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • A generic greeting (’Dear customer’) instead of the person’s name • Creates urgency/threatens (’within 24 hours’, ’account will be closed’) • Asks for confidential information (card number and PIN) – banks never ask for this • Contains a link to click on (that leads to a fake website) • The learners do not have accounts at the bank / unexpected message (2) 6.3.3 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • At least 8 (or more) characters long • A combination of upper-case and lower-case letters, digits and special characters • Not personal information (names, birthdays) or dictionary words • Use a passphrase / different passwords for different accounts (2) 6.3.4 • The OTP is a second form of authentication (two-factor authentication) – something the user has (the phone) in addition to the password ✓ • A hacker who has stolen the password cannot log in without the OTP, which is only valid for a short time / once ✓ (2) 6.4.1 The trail of data/information that a person leaves on the internet through all his/her online activities (posts, photos, searches, comments) ✓ (1) 6.4.2 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Use strong passwords and two-factor authentication • Set social media profiles to private / check privacy settings • Do not share personal information (ID number, address, cellphone number, location) online • Do not accept friend requests from strangers • Log out on shared computers / do not click on suspicious links (2) 6.5.1 Protection of Personal Information Act ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 16 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.5.2 Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Collect only the personal information that is necessary for the purpose • Use the information only for the purpose for which it was collected • Obtain consent / inform learners (and parents) why the information is collected • Keep the information secure (passwords, encryption, backups) • Keep the information accurate and up to date; delete it when no longer needed • Do not share/sell the information to third parties without consent (2) 6.6 Any TWO problems with a matching prevention: Problem Prevention Eye strain / headaches ✓ Take regular breaks; 20-20-20 rule; adjust screen brightness; reduce glare ✓ Back/neck pain (poor Ergonomic chair; correct posture; screen posture) ✓ at eye level ✓ (4) RSI / carpal tunnel Ergonomic keyboard/mouse; wrist support; syndrome ✓ regular breaks ✓ Lack of exercise / obesity ✓ Limit screen time; regular physical activity Sleep problems ✓ Avoid screens before bedtime; blue-light filter 6.7.1 A service/app that uses the geographical position of the user’s device (GPS, cellphone towers, Wi-Fi) to provide information or services relevant to that location ✓ (1) 6.7.2 Any ONE of: ✓ • Privacy – the user’s movements can be tracked/monitored • Location data can be sold/shared with third parties or used for targeted advertising • Criminals can find out where a person is (or that he/she is not at home) • Uses more battery power/data (1) 6.8 • Plagiarism: presenting someone else’s work/ideas as your own without acknowledging the source ✓ • Copyright infringement: using, copying or distributing work that is protected by copyright without the permission of the owner (a legal offence) ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Information Technology/P2 17 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.9 Digital divide: the gap between people who have access to ICT and the internet (and the skills to use it) and those who do not ✓ Any TWO of: ✓✓ • Lending laptops to learners who do not have computers at home • Providing free/affordable internet access (Wi-Fi) and a computer laboratory • Offering computer-skills training / online tutoring • Providing access to e-books/online resources in the library (3) 6.10.1 Advantage (any ONE): available 24/7 / explains concepts step by step / immediate answers / can adapt explanations to the learner’s level ✓ Disadvantage (any ONE): answers may be incorrect or made up / learners may become dependent on it and not learn/think for themselves / may lead to plagiarism or cheating / privacy of data entered ✓ (2) 6.10.2 An AI chatbot can give answers that sound convincing but are incorrect, outdated or biased (it can ’hallucinate’), so the learner must verify the facts ✓ (1) TOTAL SECTION F: 35 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved