LIFE SCIENCES P2 GR11 MEMO NOV2024 English

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2024 LIFE SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 10 pages. Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

2 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024) PRINCIPLES RELATED TO MARKING LIFE SCIENCES 1. If more information than marks allocated is given Stop marking when maximum marks is reached and put a wavy line and ‘max.’ in the right-hand margin. 2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given Mark the first three irrespective of whether all or some are correct/incorrect. 3. If whole process is given when only a part of it is required Read all and credit the relevant part. 4. If comparisons are asked for but descriptions are given Accept if the differences/similarities are clear. 5. If tabulation is required but paragraphs are given Candidates will lose marks for not tabulating. 6. If diagrams are given with annotations when descriptions are required Candidates will lose marks. 7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions Candidates will lose marks. 8. If sequence is muddled and links do not make sense Where sequence and links are correct, credit. Where sequence and links are incorrect, do not credit. If sequence and links become correct again, resume credit. 9. Non-recognised abbreviations Accept if first defined in answer. If not defined, do not credit the unrecognised abbreviation but credit the rest of the answer if correct. 10. Wrong numbering If answer fits into the correct sequence of questions but the wrong number is given, it is acceptable. 11. If language used changes the intended meaning Do not accept. 12. Spelling errors If recognisable, accept the answer, provided it does not mean something else in Life Sciences or if it is out of context. 13. If common names are given in terminology Accept, provided it was accepted at the national memo discussion meeting. 14. If only the letter is asked for but only the name is given (and vice versa) Do not credit. Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 3 15. If units are not given in measurements Candidates will lose marks. Marking guideline will allocate marks for units separately. 16. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way. 17. Caption All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have a caption. 18. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts) A single word or two that appear(s) in any official language other than the learners' assessment language used to the greatest extent in his/her answers should be credited if it is correct. A marker that is proficient in the relevant official language should be consulted. This is applicable to all official languages. Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

4 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C ✓✓ 1.1.2 B ✓✓ 1.1.3 C ✓✓ 1.1.4 B ✓✓ 1.1.5 D ✓✓ 1.1.6 B ✓✓ 1.1.7 D ✓✓ 1.1.8 B ✓✓ 1.1.9 A ✓✓ (9 x 2) (18) 1.2 1.2.1 Population ✓ 1.2.2 Thallus ✓ 1.2.3 Climax species ✓ 1.2.4 Humus ✓ 1.2.5 Rhizome ✓ 1.2.6 Density-independent factors ✓ 1.2.7 Primary succession ✓ 1.2.8 Monoculture ✓ 1.2.9 Hydroelectricity ✓ (9 x 1) (9) 1.3 1.3.1 B only ✓✓ 1.3.2 A only ✓✓ 1.3.3 A only ✓✓ (3 x 2) (6) 1.4.1 Plantae ✓/plant kingdom (1) 1.4.2 (a) A ✓ – Bryophytes ✓ (2) (b) B ✓ – Pteridophytes ✓ (2) 1.4.3 - Fruits ✓ - Flowers ✓ (1) 1.4.4 Phloem ✓ (1) 1.4.5 Fungi ✓ (1) 1.5 1.5.1 (a) Hare ✓ (1) (b) Lynx ✓ (1) 1.5.2 92 000 ✓ (1) 1.5.3 1860 ✓ and 1890 ✓ (2) 1.5.4 (a) Exponential ✓/geometric phase (1) (b) Death ✓/extinction phase (1) 1.5.5 - Disease ✓ - Competition ✓ (2) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 5 SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 (a) Genetic engineering ✓/genetic modification/genetic manipulation (1) (b) Bacteria ✓ (1) 2.1.2 - Micro-organism/bacteria reproduces asexually/mitosis ✓ - Producing identical copies of itself ✓ (2) 2.1.3 - A plasmid/circular DNA is removed from the bacterial cell ✓ - It is cut ✓ using enzymes - The insulin gene is removed from a human cell ✓ and - inserted into the plasmid ✓ to form the recombinant DNA ✓ (4) 2.1.4 Structure of a Bacterium Cell wall Cell membrane Ribosome Nucleoid Cytoplasm Plasmid Flagellum Guideline for assessing the drawing Criteria Mark allocation Correct diagram (D) 1 Caption (C) 1 Any three/3 correct labels (L) 3 (5) 2.2 2.2.1 Artificial ✓/acquired immunity (1) 2.2.2 (a) Preventing HIV infection ✓ (1) (b) PrEP drugs ✓ (1) 2.2.3 5 338 women ✓/participants were used. (Mark first ONE only) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

6 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024) 2.2.4 - HIV negative ✓ women - (Similar) age group ✓ (Mark first TWO only) (2) 2.2.5 - Lenacapavir ✓ is the most effective PrEP drug - since there is 0 /no incidence of developing HIV infection ✓ - thus, preventing the spread of HIV, prevention of HIV infection. ✓ (3) 2.2.6 - Use condom ✓/protection (1) 2.3 2.3.1 (a) Bee ✓/insect (1) (b) Cross ✓ pollination (1) 2.3.2 (a) C ✓- corolla ✓/petal (2) (b) B ✓- calyx ✓/sepal (2) 2.3.3 - Pollen grain germinates down the style ✓/forming a pollen tube - Fertilises an ovule ✓ inside the ovary - The fertilised ovule forms a seed ✓ - The ovary wall forms fruit ✓ (4) 2.3.4 Genetic variation ✓ (1) 2.3.5 - The cost of seed-based foods will increase ✓/expensive - due to a decrease ✓ in seed production/decrease in insect pollination (2) 2.4.1 Three ✓/3 layers (1) 2.4.2 - Used for movement ✓/catching prey/feeding (Mark first ONE only) (1) 2.4.3 (a) Mesoderm ✓ (1) (b) (Diagram) 2 ✓ (1) 2.4.4 Coelom ✓* - Allows space ✓ for more complex organs to develop ✓ - Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton ✓ for movement of muscles ✓ - It separates the endoderm and ectoderm from each other with a cavity ✓ allows the three layers to move independently ✓ of each other/ peristalsis to occur (Mark first TWO only) 1* compulsory + (Any 2 x 2) (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 7 2.4.5 - Cnidaria ✓ (Mark first ONE only) (1) 2.5 - They act as pollinators. ✓ Honeybees and butterflies pollinate various flowers ✓ - They are decomposing dead organic material. ✓ Bacteria and fungi decompose invertebrates such as termites, beetles, flies and worms. ✓ - They enrich the soil. ✓ Faeces of an earthworm is rich in nutrients for plants. ✓ - They aerate the soil ✓/earthworms, ants, termites, etc. create underground tunnels. This helps to infiltrate the soil with water ✓ /and helps the plants to grow their roots deeper. ✓ (Mark first TWO only) (2 x 2) (4) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

8 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024) QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 Age-gender pyramid ✓ (1) 3.1.2 (a) 1980 ✓ (1) (b) 2020 ✓ (1) 3.1.3 - There is a higher survival rate in adults in 2020 compared to 1980 ✓ - which indicates better health care services/facilities ✓ (2) 3.1.4 51.2 1 424 929 781 𝑥 100 ✓ = 729 564 047, 872 ✓ 729 564 048 males (2) 3.1.5 (a) - The percentages of the pre-reproductive ages decreased ✓ from 1980 to 2020 due to fewer births ✓ - The percentages of the working-age group increased ✓ from 1980 to 2020 due to improved economic activity ✓/more people employed (Mark first TWO only) (2 x 2) (4) (b) - Educate people about family planning ✓/contraceptives - Incentives/tax-rebates for people with fewer family members - Remove/limit child support grant ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2 3.2.1 Landfill sites ✓ (1) 3.2.2 - By burning waste from a landfill site to release methane ✓ - to generate electricity ✓ (2) 3.2.3 - Burning plastic releases carbon dioxide ✓/harmful gases into the atmosphere - harmful incinerated/burned waste products/pollutants/toxins might be inhaled ✓/get into people’s food/water - leading to respiratory diseases ✓/cancer/birth defects (3) 3.2.4 - Lack of education about recycling ✓/benefits of recycling/harm caused by plastic on the environment - Few recycling bins ✓/resources - Lack of incentives ✓/money for people who recycle. - Price of plastic is cheap ✓/people can easily buy plastic (Mark first TWO only) (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 9 3.2.5 THE PERCENTAGE AMOUNT OF PLASTIC WASTE ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLASTIC WASTE Recycled, 9.3 Released into the environment, Landfill 22.4 sites; 49.3 Incinerated (burning), 19 Calculation: Landfill site 49.3/100 x 360 = 177.48% Incineration (burning) 19/100 x 360 = 68.4% Released into the environment 22.4/100 x 360 = 80.64% Recycled 9.3/100 x 360 = 33.48% Criterion for marking the graph: Criteria Mark allocation Pie chart drawn (T) 1 Title of the graph showing both the dependent and independent variables (H) 1 Correct calculations (C) 2 Key/labels provided (K) 1 Correct proportion of segments (P) 1 (1–3 segments correct) 2 (All 4 segments correct) (7) 3.3 3.3.1 - Refers to plants that are brought into an area ✓/not naturally found in a particular area - that have become successful ✓/spread very fast/outcompete other (indigenous) plants (2) 3.3.2 For ornamental and street tree ✓ purposes (1) 3.3.3 (a) Invades previously disturbed land areas ✓ (1) (b) Has poisonous berries ✓ (1) (c) Absorbs a lot of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

10 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024) 3.3.4 - The Brazilian peppertree forms a dense canopy layer ✓ over indigenous plants - Blocking/preventing light from reaching indigenous plants ✓ - This limits growth ✓ of indigenous plants - Animals/birds that rely on indigenous plants for food cannot reach them ✓ - Their seeds cannot be dispersed ✓/reduces pollination (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.3.5 A biological control would help by: - Introducing a natural enemy ✓ of the Brazilian peppertree - to consume ✓/eat the Brazilian peppertree - Thus, reducing its growth spread ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4 - Higher temperatures occur ✓ - Heat waves occur ✓ - The distribution of rainfall changes ✓ - Leading to increased rainfall in some areas ✓/experience floods - While other areas experience decreased rainfall ✓/experience drought - Storms are more severe ✓/frequent (Any 5 x 1) (5) 3.5 3.5.1 (a) Intraspecific ✓ competition (1) (b) Interspecific ✓ competition (1) 3.5.2 - Parasitism ✓ Exists when one organism benefits from the relationship while the host is harmed. ✓ - Commensalism ✓ Exists when one organism benefits from the relationship while the other organism is neither harmed nor does it benefit. ✓ (2 x 2) (4) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 100 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.