Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC November Mock 2026 Memo (English)

hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 12 NSC Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 MOCK EXAMINATION 2026 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 8 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines NOTE TO MARKERS: • Accept alternative answers that are correct and relevant to the question, even if not listed. • A mark is allocated for each correct fact. For (2 x 2) questions, award 2 marks per complete, well-explained point. • For paragraph questions, assess the quality and relevance of the response (approximately EIGHT lines). • For calculations, follow the steps indicated. Accept answers within the given ranges. SECTION A QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 1.1.1 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.1.2 Y (1) 1.1.3 Y (1) 1.1.4 Z (1) 1.1.5 Z (1) 1.1.6 Y (1) 1.1.7 Y (1) 1.1.8 Y (1) 1.2 1.2.1 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2.2 C (1) 1.2.3 A (1) 1.2.4 C (1) 1.2.5 B (1) 1.2.6 A (1) 1.2.7 C (1) 1.3.1 Southern Hemisphere (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Clockwise circulation around the low (1) (1 x 1) (1) The fronts/warm sector extend towards the equator (north) of the low (1) [ANY ONE] 1.3.3 Warm sector (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 It is steered by the westerly winds (westerlies) in the mid-latitudes (1 x 2) (2) (2) It forms in the westerly wind belt (2) [ANY ONE] 1.3.5 Sharp drop in temperature (2) (2 x 2) (4) Rise in air pressure (2) Cumulonimbus clouds develop, with heavy showers/thunderstorms (hail) (2) Wind direction changes (backs) from north-west to south-west (2) Increase in wind speed/gusty winds (2) [ANY TWO] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines cumulonimbus nimbostratus/ cirrus cold air cold air warm sector (warm air) M N cold front warm front 1.3.6 W→E (4 x 1) (4) Criteria: (a) cold front and warm front correctly drawn (1) (b) warm sector between fronts (1) (c) ONE correct cloud type (cumulonimbus at cold front or nimbostratus/cirrostratus/cirrus at warm front) (1) (d) west-to-east direction (1) 1.3.7 The cold front moves faster than the warm front because cold, (1 x 2) (2) dense air pushes forward more rapidly (2) It catches up with the warm front and lifts the warm sector off the ground (2) [ANY ONE] 1.4.1 Warm sea-surface temperatures (above 26,5 ◦ C) (1) (2 x 1) (2) Located between 5◦ and 20◦ S where the Coriolis force is strong enough (1) High humidity/supply of moisture (latent heat) (1) Low vertical wind shear (1) Late summer conditions (1) [ANY TWO] 1.4.2 Mature stage (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Lowest central pressure of 955 hPa (1) (2 x 1) (2) Highest wind speed of 190 km/h (1) 1.4.4 It made landfall and was cut off from its supply of warm, moist air (2 x 2) (4) (latent heat energy) (2) Friction with the land surface slowed the winds (2) The land surface is cooler than the ocean (2) [ANY TWO] 1.4.5 The forward speed of the cyclone adds to the rotational (clockwise) (1 x 2) (2) wind speed in this quadrant (2) This quadrant brings onshore winds, storm surges and the heaviest rain to the coast (2) [ANY ONE] 1.4.6 Loss of life due to flooding and strong winds (2) (2 x 2) (4) Homes and infrastructure (roads, bridges, power lines) destroyed (2) People displaced/become homeless (2) Crops and livestock destroyed, leading to food shortages (2) Spread of water-borne diseases (cholera) (2) Disruption of services and economic losses (2) [ANY TWO] 1.5.1 Katabatic wind (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Frost pocket (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.3 Thermal belt (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 At night, cold dense air flows down the slopes (katabatic) and (2 x 2) (4) settles on the valley floor (2) The warmer, lighter air is pushed upwards and lies above the cold air (temperature inversion) (2) The middle slopes therefore remain warmer and frost-free (2) [ANY TWO] 1.5.5 Negative impacts: Frost damages/kills crops (2); reduced yields (4 x 2) (8) and income (2); livestock suffer from the cold (2); fog/smog reduces visibility on the valley floor (2) Strategies: Plant frost-resistant crops on the valley floor (2); plant sensitive crops (e.g. fruit trees) in the thermal belt (2); use frost fans/heaters/smudge pots (2); cover crops with nets/plastic (2); spray crops with water before freezing (2); monitor weather forecasts (2) [ANY FOUR] [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.1.2 Y (1) 2.1.3 Y (1) 2.1.4 Z (1) 2.1.5 Y (1) 2.1.6 Y (1) 2.1.7 Y (1) 2.1.8 Y (1) 2.2 2.2.1 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2.2 C (1) 2.2.3 B (1) 2.2.4 A (1) 2.2.5 B (1) 2.2.6 C (1) 2.2.7 B (1) 2.3.1 The river regains its energy to erode vertically (downwards) (2) (1 x 2) (2) Renewed erosive power caused by a drop in base level (2) [ANY ONE] 2.3.2 Knickpoint (waterfall/rapids) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 River terraces (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 Drop in sea level (base level) (1) (2 x 1) (2) Uplift of the land (1) Increase in discharge (e.g. river capture, wetter climate) (1) [ANY TWO] 2.3.5 Ungraded (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.6 Rapid vertical erosion takes place at the base of the knickpoint (2 x 2) (4) (plunge pool) (2) The base is undercut, and the overhanging rock collapses (2) The process repeats, causing the knickpoint to retreat upstream (headward erosion) (2) [ANY TWO] 2.3.7 The terraces are flat, making construction and cultivation easy (2) (2 x 2) (4) They have fertile alluvial soil (2) They are above the present flood level, so they are safer from floods (2) They are close to a water supply (2) [ANY TWO] 2.4.1 Braided stream (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Large sediment load (1) (2 x 1) (2) Gentle gradient/reduced velocity (1) Fluctuating discharge (1) Easily eroded banks (1) [ANY TWO] 2.4.3 Levees (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4.4 During floods, the river overflows its banks (2) (2 x 2) (4) Velocity decreases suddenly at the banks, so coarser material is deposited first (2) Repeated flooding builds up the deposits into raised banks (2) [ANY TWO] 2.4.5 Delta (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.6 The river carries a large load of sediment (2) (1 x 2) (2) The sea has weak tides/currents (2) The continental shelf is shallow/gently sloping (2) [ANY ONE] 2.4.7 Agriculture: fertile alluvial soil, flat land and a supply of water for (2 x 2) (4) irrigation (2) Risk: low-lying land is prone to flooding (2); unstable/waterlogged ground (2); threatened by rising sea levels and storm surges (2) [ANY TWO] 2.5.1 Managing human activities within a catchment area to protect the (1 x 2) (2) quality and quantity of water and the ecosystem in a sustainable way (2) 2.5.2 Raw sewage from overflowing sewer pipes (1) (2 x 1) (2) Solid waste dumped on the riverbanks (1) Run-off from industries (1) [ANY TWO] 2.5.3 National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.4 Without vegetation there is less interception and infiltration, so more (1 x 2) (2) surface run-off reaches the river quickly (2) Banks erode more easily and sediment reduces channel capacity (2) [ANY ONE] 2.5.5 Repair and maintain sewer infrastructure (2); provide proper (4 x 2) (8) sanitation and waste removal to the informal settlement (2); enforce laws against illegal dumping and industrial pollution (fines) (2); replant indigenous vegetation/create buffer zones along the banks (2); regular monitoring of water quality (2); community clean-up campaigns and education (2); relocate homes away from the floodplain (2) [ANY FOUR] [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 846,8 m – 794,0 m (1) (2 x 1) (2) = 52,8 m (1) 3.1.3 VI = 749,9 − 668 = 81,9 m (1) (4 x 1) (4) HE = 5,0 cm × 100 = 500 m (1) (range 4,9 – 5,1 cm; 490 – 510 m) 81,9 Gradient = (1) (correct substitution) 500 = 1 : 6,1 (1) (range 1 : 6,0 – 1 : 6,2) 3.1.4 The slope is steep, which makes building difficult and expensive (2) (1 x 2) (2) Steep slopes are prone to soil erosion/mass movement (2) [ANY ONE] 3.1.5 South (from north to south) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.1 Many non-perennial rivers (2) (1 x 2) (2) Sparse vegetation/few cultivated lands (2) Farm dams/reservoirs to store water (2) [ANY ONE] 3.2.2 Incised meander (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 Rejuvenation increased the river’s vertical erosion, so the meander (1 x 2) (2) cut down deeply into the land, forming steep valley sides (2) 3.2.4 Dendritic (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Lower course (1) (accept middle course) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.6 Wide, flat river channel/floodplain (2) (1 x 2) (2) Braided channels/sand deposits in the riverbed (2) Gentle gradient (contours far apart) (2) [ANY ONE] 3.2.7 The town is built on the low-lying floodplain next to the river (2) (2 x 2) (4) It is located close to the confluence of the Buffels and Wilgehout Rivers (2) Heavy summer thunderstorms cause sudden high run-off in the catchment (2) Sparse vegetation and impermeable surfaces increase run-off (2) [ANY TWO] 3.3.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 A set of spatial data of one theme/type of information that can be (1 x 2) (2) placed over other layers (2) 3.3.3 Create a buffer zone along the riverbanks (flood line) where no (1 x 2) (2) building is allowed (2) Identify homes inside the flood zone for relocation/flood protection (2) [ANY ONE] 3.3.4 Orthophoto map (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3.5 Railway line (1) (1 x 1) (1) N1 national road (1) [ANY ONE] [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved